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W  "<  ^. 


.\b 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT.3) 


h 


A 


4^ 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


U.  11.6 


V] 


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^9. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  S72-4503 


'A 


^V 


iV 


'^ 


lV 


<^.>. 


O^ 


'X^/- 

^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


> 


Tschnical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notaa  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tlia  inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturai  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  aignlficantly  changa 
tha  uauai  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 

D 


D 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~1   Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagte 


Covars  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaurAa  at/ou  palliculia 


□   Covar  titia  missing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


r~1    Colourad  maps/ 


Cartas  gtographiquas  an  coulaur 


E   Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

I     I   Colourad  platas  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planchas  at/ou  illustrations  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RaiiA  avac  d'autras  documants 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  sarri§e  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  IntAriaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibia,  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajoutAas 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais,  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibia.  cas  pagas  n'ont 
pas  Ati  filmAas. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  supplAmantairas; 


Thi 
toi 


L'Institut  a  microfilmi  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  poaslbia  da  aa  procurar.  Laa  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibllGgraphiqua,  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita.  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  da  filmaga 
aont  indiquAa  ci-daaaoua. 


pn   Colourad  pagaa/ 


D 


Pagas  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagtea 

Pagas  rastorad  and/oi 

Pagas  rastaurAas  at/ou  palliculAas 

Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  foxai 
Pagas  dAcolor6ao.  tachatias  ou  piquAas 

Pagas  datachad/ 
Pagas  d6tachAas 

Showthfoughy 
Transparanca 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inAgaia  da  I'imprassion 

Includas  supplamantary  matarii 
Comprand  du  material  supplAmantaira 

Only  adition  availabia/ 
Saula  Adition  disponibia 


[~~|  Pagas  damagad/ 

I — I  Pagas  rastorad  and/or  laminetad/ 

r^  Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  foxad/ 

|~n  Pagas  datachad/ 

r^  Showthfough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varias/ 

I      I  Includas  supplamantary  matarial/ 

r~~|  Only  adition  availabia/ 


Th< 
poi 
of 
filnl 


on 

ba( 
tha 
sioi 
oth 
firs 
sioi 
ori 


The 
sha 
TIN 
whi 

Mai 
diff 
enti 
bag 
righ 
reqi 
met 


Pagas  wholly  or  partially  obscurad  by  arrata 
slips,  tissuas,  ate.  hava  baan  rafilmad  to 
ansura  tha  bast  possibia  imaga/ 
Las  pagas  totalamant  ou  partiallamant 
obscurcias  par  un  fauillat  d'arrata,  una  palura, 
ate.  ont  M  filmAas  A  nouvaau  da  fapon  A 
obtanir  la  maillaura  imaga  possibia. 


This  itam  is  filmad  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-dassous. 


10X 


14X 


18X 


22X 


26X 


30X 


./ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generoeity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quaiity 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  In  iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  iliustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacit  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^^l meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  In  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exempiaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
g*n6rosit*  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiquMS  du  Canada 

Les  images  sulvantes  ont  6ti  rbproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet«  de  l'exempiaire  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 

Les  exempialres  orlginaux  dont  la  couvertura  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  fiimAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'lllustratlon,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempialres 
orlginaux  sont  flimte  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'lllustratlon  et  an  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  sulvants  apparaftra  sur  ia 
derniire  Image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  ie  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE ',  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  pianch;v<;,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmts  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  6tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichA,  11  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iilustrent  ia  methods. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

♦ 

8 

6 

SHEA'S   CHARLEVOIX. 


;  L-- 


II 1  8  T  0 11  Y 


AND 


GENERAL    DESCRIPTION 


OK 


NEW    ERANCE. 


nv 


THE  KEY.  P.  F.  X.  DE  CHARLEVOIX,  S.  J. 


TKANSLATI-D,  WiTU  NOTES,  BY  JOHN  GILMAUV  SllKA. 


IN    SIX    VOLUMES. 
VOL.   IV. 


^ 


NEW    YORK: 

JOHN    (il  LMARY    SHEA. 
18  7  0. 


■•  U'- 


re 


Kntored  tecordlng  lo  Aet  of  OnngreM,  In  th*  jut  1870, 

bt  juiin  oilmabt  shea. 

In  lb*  Cltrk'a  Offlot  or  tbt  District  Court  of  lli«  Unlt^l  BUtM  for  tb*  Soatbani 
Dlitriot  of  N»w  York. 


'I 


r 


i 


(M)NTKNTS. 


liUOlv    XII. 


t 


Koh.p  of  our  allirti  attacL  tlio  IroquolH.     \M,\  atitl  imrfldlout  act  of  a  Huron  cUefto 
(■ri'ttk  up  th.^  iHWCo  an<l  liivolvn  tli.i  Kr.ncli  nioni  limn  ovt-r  witJi  the  JroquoU. 
Il<<  umkHH  DenoiiviUe  boar  lh«  burthun  of  hb  trracliury.    Tho  (lov.-rnor  of  N.'W 
V  .'k  pruvrntH  Uitt  C.inUm*  from  g.'n.liiiK  d.-puti.-*  to  tliat  Ki-ntTul      Stat.,  of  trml.i 
III  N.!\v  KrRUCf.     HenumpUoH  of  thu  proji*t  of  «»tabli»hin(^  WHlcnUiry  rmhcrli-H 
iil.iiig  th..  Hi.  Lawrinu-n.     Abundanui  of  WMlfiHli  and  whal.-H  in  ibat  rivtir.     Wlml 
|,nviiit«  ibc  Frt'Dch  prolUlng  by  tliiw.-  Acadian  a»a»(t  fluh.fri.-i).    Ur.-at  oflTortH  ol 
lb.-  KngliHh   to  dWfrt   th«   Ab.'na<|uiH  from  our  Intureut.    The  Chevalier  de 
(  ulli.-rt*  proc.tHlB  U)  France,  and  why  ?    Ho  proHenta  a  memoir  to  ih..  Omrt ;  Ita 
O.nt-MiU*.     The  KiiiK  tliinkH  of  reiullln;;  the  Maniuia  de  Denonvil!;-,  and  why  If 
What  induce<l  bin  MajeHty  to  r.'8tore  the  Count  de  Krontenac  to  the  Kenerol  gnv- 
ernment  of  New   Fraiic«.     IIIb   in^truclions    in   regard  to   Uudaon's  Bay.     Ko- 
co.ninendations  bh  to  Aca.lia.    <  )r.ler8  concernlnK  the  as  pe<lltion  agabiHt  New  York 
pr..iK)iM,<l  by  the  (MievaUor  de  Calliere-.     I'lan  of  thia  entorpri«e.     SU^I*  taken  to 
inaure  buccew.     What  waa  to  be  done  after  the  conquest  of  that  province.     Why 
ii  failed.     lnatrudic)n«  K'Vfn  by  the  Count  de  Front«nac  to  Mr.  do  la  Cafflniere, 
cptaiu  in  the  navy,  who  was  to  besiege  Manhattan  by  sea.    That  captain,  un- 
obi.'  to  throw  proviaiona  or  munitiona  of  war  into  Port  Royal.     The  Count  do 
Frontenm'  and  the  Cbevali-r  de  Calli.  n-a  arrive  at  Montreal,  and  the  condition  in 
whi.li  lb.  y  Und  it.     Irruplb.n  of  the  Ir-xiuois  there  ;  they  i)erpetralo  unheard-of 
eru.ltlra  .uid  tak..  uuvuv  priKouera.     They  atUck  a  fort  and  take  the  commandant 
after  killing  all  the  garrison.    Th.-.v  are  def.ate.1,     Project  of  theae  Indiana  in 
making  the  irrnpti-.n.     Denonville  and  Cl.an.piKuy  decide  to  abandon  and  de- 
umliah  Kort  CatarcK-mv  ;   tb.ir  r.tt.M.u..     Fn.nte.mc'»  nwuiona  for  n.uintainiug  it. 
Ho  umke«  great  preparationa  to  r.victual  it  an.l  reinforce  the  garriaon.     Hia  other 
views  on  the  aulject.     lie  moves  too  late.    Just  «a  bis  convoy  waa  on  the puintof 
M.rting,  !..•  U.«rna  that  latar-rouv  ia  evacuaUni.    New  plana  of  the  Chevalier  de 
C«llier..«  for  tb.  c,.m,,u..sI  of  N.w  Vmk.     What  i.r-venta  the  Court  from  accepting 


them 


DllHrvilK-'s  exi-dili-n  to  llu<lson'BHay  und  wlial  'ed  to  it 


Ilia  aucceas. 


lueui.     1/ 11"  1 ,1111  c  •  ^1  ■ " -     —       ■  ,       fri  1 

TheC«nib.ie  uud.rlake   t-  u.-st   Fort  Fen.knil  from  the  Lnglisb.     Their  pious 


I»  CiiNTrNTH. 

liri'i'iirntluti  fur  llii«  ciiiirprUf  'i'luv  lnU''  11  Oilnr  Aliriiii'|iii'<  ilplvf  tlio 
Kiii^iwli  I'miii  I'liiirii'i'ii  iitlii-r  InrU.  Scvrrul  of  iliinn  liullittiH  tliliiU  nl'  riMiKiviiii^ 
wlililii  ilii<  mliiiiy.  I>i'tiiiiivllli<'t  iiii'iiioir  on  till'  ni'tiinl  inmitluii  urNi'w  Kr<kii(K< 
ittiil  till'  niiiiily  III  lu'  ii|i|iliril  l<i  llif  illMinliTH  tlmt  liml  i'ri'|it  in.  'I'lio  Kiiit( 
wIhIii'm  II  (IririiHivi'  |Mi|ic_v  |iiiri<iii'il  iukI  iIh'  hi'IiIitm  ({iiiIhtciI  lulu  Wiwiih.  Kmntiv 
niii'N  I  iliirUt  to  ^iiln  till-  Irmiuolii.  |{i<[ity  ol°  tin  I'antnuH  to  tliu  prii|iiiMltiiinM  niailn 
tiii'lll.  Ill'  ri'l'-irtiH  111  i;lv>' llillli'iKV'  III  tht'lr  ili'|Mily.  li''f;UI«!  IIk'  I'lilrf  uf  tliH 
ilr|>ulitliiin  liiiil  In'  II  tvitiitiii;  III  r.'r<|H'i'l  In  liiiii.  A  ('iiyuK'u  flili't'  uiiMWirH  tliciu 
In  llU  lltvil    Mllllli',   but   III    Oilll-'TI    Witll    lltlM.      Wlllll    I'tllltlnl    llli'  ilnvrrnnr  Urn- 

rrul  til  iiF-i'iitiii' Holiiiii);litv  II  toiii' Willi  tJKMii  TliciittiiwiiKtri'iit  with  ili<'  Irmiii'ini 
wlthimi  Kr.'Mi'li  liitirv.'iiiiiin,  Wlmt  iii.iiin'il  ih'iii.  llll'.iriH  ol'dn  la  Diirniiiavo 
mill  till'  llliH^.i mirl'H  In  ilic  iimtiiT.  Kiitli.'r  ili-  l'iirliili"'H  li'lliT  to  I'lmnt  de 
Frunti'nac  on  the  tuiiux  iiuliju<'t,     li:<  i  tT"'-!  "ii  III''  Uoii'TiiI  h  iiiiiul, 


BOOK  XML. 

I<a  Siilo'H  projfct  8uliniitti>(l  to  Mr.  dc  Si'l);n(>Ial.  and  approvi'd.  ('nMiniiNilon  plvcn  ItH 
iiilllior  IIU  nr.nnliii'iit  nnil  (■<iin|itiiiliiiM.  U\h  ili'|iiirliiri'  t'nnn  Huclii'lli'. 
•S|uailrnii  piilH  Imi'k  In  Kraiici'.  Airain  |iiitN  to  ncn.  Pr  Hriiiiji'ii  ami  I41  Siiln 
qiinrn-l.  Vi'riu'l  limt  by  do  Ui'aiiji'u'H  limit.  Florida  dlHcovrriHl.  Mr.  di' la  Salo 
pnHW'H  till' iii'iilhof  i!ii' .MlK4|sHi|i|ii  wiiliout  |ii'n'i'ivlii^  it,  lIcrrHclicr  St  li'Tiiard'H 
lJliy,i>;iinralil  wli.Ti'  be  \va'<.  I'.r  loHc.-i  bin  Mli)r('Mlil|).  ('(iii:<i'i|iii'ii"i'H  of  tliiH  Iohh. 
I)i'  Hraiiji'ii  ri'liirii"  to  Franco.  His  iniricniiiluct  towanlK  I.u  Sale  Hi'  IniililM  two 
fortH.  ('oiin|ilra("y  iiftainNt  .liMiti'l.  Sad  |KiHliion  of  tbu  colony.  \,a  Sulr'H  i'Xc<h- 
fllvc  g)>viTity  and  ItM  I'niltH.  The  IndiaiiH  buruHs  tlin  Fn-ncb.  l)iH|i<iHillon  of  tbi- 
t'laniooi  iM.  ('linrai'ltT  of  till'  Ci-iiIh  I'oiintry.  Tin'  Ayinnis.  La  Siili'  uiubcH  to 
m-i'k  tbc  .\li.-<.'*ii-'iiii]ii  by  m'u.  Several  Frmcli  inaHsaiTcd  by  tin-  Imlians.  Wreck 
of  the  fri;'ati'.  .Nliitlny  and  plotH  In  the  St.  L<iiil8  Ncttli'im-nt.  I.,a  Siili''i4  ninrch  t<i 
till'  I'l'iiiH.  He  loHc'H  a  part  of  bin  men  and  falls  wick.  lb-  Hturtw  for  the  Illinois. 
AsHassiimiion  of  .Nbitaiifiet.  anil  "if  La  ShIc'm  lack  y  and  biinter.  I,ii  Hale'H  tragic 
death.  IIJH  character.  ('aluninie»  |iiililiHlii'd  a;.r>dii>*t  him.  What  occiin*  after 
IiIh  dealb.  The  aKMaH^inN  ahKiime  command,  iloutil  wnt  to  the  Cenis.  Uiw 
receiitiim  there.  Fiincb  demrter.'*  amciiif:  the  CeniH.  La  Sali'H  lunrdereis  |iart 
with  the  rest.  Sad  end  of  Ibihaiit  and  Liotot.  Some  of  the  French  accom|iaiiy 
tbu  tVnis  in  war  anil  eniilib'  tliein  to  piin  u  C()in;ilnte  victory.  Cni'lty  of  tin' 
victors.  Their  rejoicingM.  C'lmitm  jiurHUi'd  by  the  French.  Some  H''  'o  Ibu 
lllinoi!'.  They  arrive  amoiij;  the  .\rkiiiiMis  i  luir  reception.  Tliey  n  acli  I'on 
St.  I^iiiif  in  the  lllinoiH,  and  make  the  I''ien«;!i  wlmm  they  meet  believe  tliul  .Mi; 
La  Sale  its  full  of  lllo.  They  are  oblij^ed  to  wiuter  in  thu  Fort,  'i'hey  piiHn  over 
to  Fmnce.  WImt  became  of  the  M'ttleinent  of  St.  L'jui.-*  Various  adventures  of 
BoniP  Flencliinen.     Uelb  clions  mi  La  Sale's  eoniluit. 


(Xj  rrKN'i'H.  V 

IJOOK   XIV. 

I'piJi'Cl  mill  |ir>'|>itruiliinii  ol'  ('nuiil  il'  Kmiili'iiur.  Kx|K»lllliin  ukuIiihI  Cnrliir  (Silir 
iiiTiadyi.  'I'liit  |ilm'i'  nurprlM'*!  uii<l  tiikrri.  Tlio  Iiwm  nf  ilif  Krcni'li  ((n-utir  in  ilm 
ri'tri'iil  lliaii  in  llii'  I'lipliiri' nl  Hi'lifiHTl.icly  KffiTl  |iriKliii'i'il  liy  lliin  i'iiiic|iii'iit. 
Our  iiliii'M  ittiui-k  cuc'li  iiiliiT  iinnwitri'H.  Itnttli  of  tlinKri'itt  Mulmwk  llii«  i  iikigy, 
coiivi'rxullon.ruri'i'r.    KnmU'nar'mMiilmrrnNKUii'iit  HlttT  iliiNiulMuniliTHtmiiliiiuf,  iind 

how  I xirii'iili-n  liiiiiKiir.      Si'Micnti'lri  (Siilnion    KhIIhi  taken   Ity    ilrrti'l    Ironi 

till'  l''.n>,'li»li.  Tlicy  iiri'  iIhI'i'HI'mI  ul  ii  liriil^o.  IIitIcI  jll:n^  M.  ilc  I'ortnrnf. 
8i<'K<'  <*l  KuHki'lH*  (Ciuaoii  Buy,  Kiilmouthl.  Tim  Kn^'liHJi  ulnui'lim  I'cnir  furtM.  Khm- 
ki  Ix' HiirrrniliTd,  unil  till' j;iirriHiiii  priwincrH  of  war.  Tlir  Kn^^liHli  nrrivf  tiHi  Ir  o 
Ul  ri'lii'vr  it.  tiri'nl  iriuvoy  H'tii  III  Mii'liilliuiiikinnf,  wliincK  ill'  liit  Diiriiiitiiyi'  In 
ris'nll.d,  IliMi'uliiKy.  'riicninviiy  altHi-kiil  liy  tin' IriiiiuniM.  Tliry  nri' ilifnitril. 
Ktli'i't  "f  tliin  virtory,  I'crllily  of  llii' Iriii|iiiii8.  New  liiwlility  on  llu'ir  part.  A 
f;n>ot  convoy  nrriviw  friini  Mii'liillliunkinac.  Frontcnat!  wurimil  of  ilm  n|>|iroa<'li 
of  an  army  of  Kii^l'mli  aii'l  lriH|u<>lH.  .Mann  nt  Mimtrcal.  (Irrat  cminril,  and 
what  ot'currt'd  nl  It  Siir|(riiM'  ol  nonii'  Krciirh.  Di'  Irontrnur  dixiuiMHi'!!  Ium 
ailliii.  N«w  rt'i'Uliit'it  I'rotu  till*  IriH)UolM,  Krontt-nncri-iiroaclK-MUurrouliari''.  'I'Imt 
Inilian'H  ri|ily.  An  Kn^.'lir'li  fli'it  pri'iiarrn  to  lM>|ip'  Quilnr.  Ilnw  KrHiiti'iiiM! 
i-aiiii' til  Ih' taki'ii  liy  Nur|>rihi'.  ('oiiiritinn  of  Aaiiliu  at  llit-  tiiiir.  It  Ih  atturkrd 
by  till-  Knirlixli.  Tlif  (iovrrnor  rniiiiiilntcH.  Tlii<  oapit illation  not  uhhrrvnl. 
.Mr.  PiTrol  )HirHiii'd  hy  tlm  KiikIIhIi.  I>i-  Villilioii  nrrivi.'M  nt  I'ort  Uoyal,  liut  (imlii 
no  Kii'.;li!-li  tlirp'.  K\|iiiiit  of  tlic  Siciir  <li'  .Moiitur^Miril.  Tim  Kiit.'lii<li  at  l:<lo 
I'lTci'f.  I'l'rr'l  takrn  liy  tin-  Kii^rliHli.  who  iriat  him  (■liuiiii  lully.  Ih'  in  rrinki  ii, 
l>;.'Mnt<'rriit)Ml  z.'ul  uiiil  liililiiy  of  tln'  Aliriuuiiiiit.  Cundiiinn  of  Niwliiunilliuul  at 
tliu  (■(iiiiint'neuniriit  of  tlilM  yrar.  Placcntia  Hiiritrlsrd  nnd  plllap'd  hy  tlii<  Kii^^IIhIi, 
Fmnt'iiai  arrivi^at  (iui'liir.  DiKim.-'iriiins  for  difiinlini,'  thi-  rity.  Forri'imt 
of  thi' (iovrrnorOiiirral.  KoititiralinnH  of  liiirbrc.  Thr  Kn^liHli  tli'rt  anrliors 
bttforc  (jui 'I >■'<■.  Till' Kn^lihh  .Xdmlnil  BuminoMH  the  Count  (h*  Kronti'nai'.  That 
Oi'inTalV  ri'|ily.  l''.v|M>it  nf  bhiih'  CanadlaiiH.  Krontrnac'ri  plan  for  ili't'i'iiilin^;  ilin 
jiliiri'.  Action  ni'ar  Uruu|H>rt.  Tlif  .iiriiiy  canTionadi'  tlii-  -ity  wiiliuiit  uiiv  riKiiit. 
Tlii'v  ari'  (il)lipil  to  draw  otF  in  ^-rat  iliwirdiT.  Tlii'  troopH  mi  land  a^'ain 
ropuliwd.  Do  Saintc  llclcni'  mortiilly  wounduil.  Third  action  mori' dccisivr  than 
till'  two   ppi'civlinif.     Tlio  eniMiiy   ri'i'iulnrk   and  abandon    their    ^runs     Tlio 

iniM-arriajri' of  a  divirsion  ill  tlui  diri  I'linii  of  Mmitri'al  hiivch  (iurl Thi-  hIi'lto 

raiMil.  I'"xcliaii;ri' of  prisiiiiTJ.  W'rrtcliid  cmiilition  of  the  Kii^'li.^li  llii'i  :  mw 
loK-eM.  I'"re>li  priiiifs  of  the  llili'lity  of  the  AbeuaqulH.  Vchw-Ih  arrive  from  I'Vaine, 
nt  Cineliec,  l'';iinine,  Z'lil  of  th.' ]>e  ijde.  The  .\beiiai|ui8  ciimmit  ^rreat  raviiiii'* 
In  Nt  \v  Kniilniiil.  Shim  iiej;oliatioiis  of  the  lroi|Ui>is.  Kronli  niic'a  letter  to 
I'oiitchartniin.  New  IriKpioiit  hoHtilities.  Action  at  Saint  ."^ulpic  ■  m- Uupi-nti^'iiy. 
'I'lie  ('riMi..i>M.  .\n  IroinioiH  party  i>cupeH  from  the  Freiieh,  tlinr'.i.jh  the  fault 
of  the  Ijiilian.'*  of  Siiiili  Saint  l.iuiiH.  Kriiiileniic'n  i"iispicionH  t'lireon.  l''al-e 
pruiniHcH    of   ihat    t;iniliil.      .N' \J'   lnKpiois   ouiiii:<eJ.     tii!.  lity    of  the   Christian 


CONTENTS. 

Iroquois.  Our  nllios  continue  to  push  the  Iroquois.  EuttTprise  againHt  Port 
NdHon,  dol'crrcii,  and  wliy.  (Ireat  preparations  of  the  enemy.  They  approacli 
Montreal.  l)e  Calliere's  preparations  for  its  defence.  Action  at  La  Prairie  de  la 
Madeleine.  Exploit  ui  Mr.  de  Valrenes.  The  defeat  of  the  enemy.  Losa  on 
both  sides. 


BOOK  XV. 

The  F.nglish  propose  neutrality.  WLat  induces  them.  Reply  of  the  Count  de 
Frontenac.  Ex])loit  of  Oureouhare.  Qreat,  but  inuffe^'tual  ox|H!dition  avrainst 
the  Mohu'A'ka.  lutelligence  from  Acadia.  The  Chevalier  de  Villebon  made 
Commandant  there.  He  takes  [lossession  of  Port  Hoyal.  Atttimpt  of  the  Iroquois 
to  surprise  Sault  Saint  Louis.  Various  hostilities.  The  Irotiuois  prevent  naviga- 
tion on  the  (treat  Uiver,  (Ottawa).  They  di'feat  a  jiarty  of  French  and  Indians, 
they  are  .-iiiffered  to  escnjK'.  They  are  |)ursued  and  some  advantage  trained  over 
them.  Froiitcnac  pro])<)Hes  an  exiK'dition  to  the  Ottawas,  but  they  do  not  accept. 
New  rumors  of  an  English  ormament.  The  King  senus  a  squadron  to  Newfound- 
land ;  it  misses  its  objin:!.  IMaceutia  attacked  by  the  English.  They  sunimo: 
the  Uoveruor.  i'lio  attack  begun.  The  siegt  raised.  The  Governor-General 
of  New  England  attempts  to  have  the  Chevali."  de  Villebon  carried  oil'.  lie 
fails.  Operations  against  Peiukuit.  They  fail.  Condition  of  New  France.  Com 
])l)int8  against  Frorilenac.  That  General's  anxiety,  and  its  cause.  Eight 
hundred  Irocjuios  come  to  attack  the  colony.  Precautions  taken  by  M.  do 
Callieres.  The  Iro(|uuis  retire  wit?ioiii  effecting  anything.  Irruption  into  the 
Mohawk  canton.  Success  of  the  expedition.  Our  men  attacked  on  the  homewnnl 
march.  Fresh  tidings  of  a  grea'.  English  armament  against  Canada.  Frontenac's 
emlmrrassment.  Proixisals  of  peace  from  an  Oneida  chief.  The  General's  reply. 
Eight  hundrwl  Irwiuois  approach  Moutreal.  They  retire  without  doing  any 
thing.  What  became  of  the  English  fleet  that  menaced  Canada.  Arrival  of  a 
great  convoy  of  furs  at  Montreal.  Frontenac  prevents  the  Miamis  fn)m  trading 
with  the  English.  The  English  recover  Fon  Saint  Anne  on  Hudson's  Bay. 
Gallant  retreat  of  two  Frenchmen.  The  English  comiMjlIod  to  retire  from  before 
Martinique  in  disorder.  An  Iro<iuoi9  squaw  comes  to  Quebec,  to  see  the  Count  de 
Frontenac.  Conversation  and  eulogy  of  this  wonwn.  New  proposals  of  the 
Oui'ida  chief.  Frontenac's  reply.  Why  he  deferred  pushing  the  Iroquois  to 
(xiremes.  Cimduct  of  the  English  and  Iroquois  towards  us.  How  Frontenni' 
])rofite(l  by  them.  The  Irm^uois  again  pretend  a  desire  for  peace.  The  Fri'iicli 
warned  to  distrust  them.  Irocjuois  deputies  at  Quebec.  Kesult  of  this  deputa- 
tion. The  Count  de  Frontenac  makes  an  ineffectual  effort  to  restore  Fort 
Catarocouj-  What  defeats  his  plan.  New  negotiations  with  the  Iro<iuo....  Fiiui  I 
reply  of  tlie  Count  de  Frontvnoc.  He  dismisses  the  envoys  well  plea;nd.  lietuiii 
of  Fatlur  Milet,  and  Tun^lia.  Motives  that  induce  the  Gi'neral  to  treat  with  tin- 
Iroquois.     Some  Abenoquis 're^it  \sith  the   English:  th;' Sieur  de  Villici-  breakw 


CONTENTS. 


VH 


'ort 

ach 

u  la 

on 


de 

nst 
ado 
loiH 
ga- 
na, 
vvr 

■I"- 
ml. 
lo; 
iral 
He 
im 
jht 
de 
the 
aril 
lie's 

i'ly. 

ny 
if  a 
iii^ 
ay. 
bro 

.  lit! 

till' 

to 
mil' 
ii'h 
itu. 
ort 
tial 
irn 
Ihi^ 
iktj 


up  the  negotiation.    Bold  and  succo-sHful  exp.dilii.n  of  that  officer.    Esplo.t  of  aa 
AWna.,ui.     UpriBing  at  B<.Hton.    What  occurred  betw.-en  the  Uov.T.u.r  of  N.'W 
England,  and  the  Indian  allies  o.  the  French.    The  Indians  waver.    One  of  their 
Missionaries  prevents  their  treating  with  the  English.    Uescnpt.on  of    Fort 
Nelson.     D'lbervUle  and   de    Serigny   besiege  it.     The  Governor    capitulates. 
Kesults  of  the  victory.    The  Iro<iuoiB  continue  to  delude  the  French.     1  ho  King 
thinks  thoy  should  he  pushed  to  extremes.    They  renew  h.«tilitie..     Insolent 
proposals  of  ihose  Indians.    Against  the  advice  of  all,  and  even  of  the  Kmg,  the 
Count  de  Frontenac  resolves  to  restore  Fort  Catarocouy.     Admirable  .nanagement 
of  the  Chevalier  de  Crisasy  in  restoring  it.    Timely  warning  that  the  Inxiuois  are 
in  the  field.    They  are  defeated  by  de  la  Durantaye,  and  by  de  Courtemanch. 
Treason  of  a  Huron  chief.    Tactics  of  the  Sieur  do  la  Motte  Cadillac.     What 
occurred  between  the  deputies  of  our  allies,  and  the  Count  de  Frontenac.     A  Sum 
demands  the  Qeneral's  protection.     Treacherous  conduct  of  the  English  towards 
the  Abenaquis.    They  resolve  on  vengeance.     Frontenac  and  Champiguy  propose 
to  attack  Boston.    Project  of  a  campaign  for  1696.    The  King's  opinion  o    the 
lroquo:s  war.    Our  aUies  ilWispoced  towPxds  us.     De  la  Motte  Cadillac  induces 
the  Ottawas  to  make  war  on  the  Iroquois.    The  latter  defeated.    Consequences 
of  tbe  defeat, 

APPENDIX. 

Life  of  Catharine  Tegahkouita,  an  Iroquois  virgin,  who  died  in  the  odor  of  sanctity 
Lives  of  some  Iroquois  Christians  of  both  sexes,  burned  by  the  heathen  Iroquo  s 
out  of  hatred  for  their  religion.    Heroic  action  of  a  whole  Iroquois  fam.  y  at 
Sault  St.  Louia.    Examples  of  the  fervor  and  piety  of  some  Indians  in  the  Algon- 
qoin  missions. 


BOOK  XII 


^ 


r  i 


HISTORY 


ARD 


GENEUAfi    DESCRIPTION 


OK 


NEW    FRANCE; 


WIIEIIKIN   WIl.l.    UK  KOIINI) 


MAj   that    UELATKS   to  the  DISCOVEKIES  AM)   CONyrESTS 
OF  THE  FUENCH  IN  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOOK    XII. 

Of  all  our  allies,  tlio  only  onus  whom  our  eiiomirs 
feared  or  dospainid  of  gaining  were  the  Ahenaquis,  who 
for  their  j^art  cared  little  whether  they  were  or  were  not 
included  in  the  treaties  of  peace  or  armistice.  At  the 
very  time  when  Mr.  do  Denouvillo  was  laboritig  most 
earnestly  to  give  peace  to  Canada,  they  took  the  Held,  and 
advancing  to  Sorel  river,  surprised  some  Iro(]uois  and 
Mohegaus  and  killed  several.  They  then  pushed  on  to 
the  English  settlements,  from  which  they  brought  back 
some  scalps.'  The  Irotpiois  of  the  Sault  and  the  Moun- 
tain did  the  same  on  their  .side ;'  but  those  who  adopted 
the  surest  means  of  defeating  the  conclusion  of  a  treaty, 
of  which  they  feared  they  should  be  the  first  victims,  were 

'Relation  of  tlio   Evoiits  of  the    Canaila  Doc,  I„  iv.,  p.  07 ;  Uolmont, 
War.      N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  :i!)2;     Hisloir.'  du  Cuiuulu,  p.  3!».  '  lb' 


iMii. 


Somr  of 
our  iilliiM 
iill:uU  the 
IriKluuih. 


(        I 


I 


'I 


la 


HISTOHV    OF    NKW    TOANCK. 


i6«s.     tlioHO  very  Hnroiis  of  Micliilliiiiiifkiiiiio,  wlio  had  boen  so 
"^■''""^  fr(>(nuMitIy  iiiul  not  unjustly  .suspcctod  of  collusiou  with 

tlio  Eiif^lisli  and  Iroquois. 
niiiinu'iiii      Tliny  had  as  cliitsf   Kondiaronk,  hotter  known    in   onr 

ohicf  Ki-'hitions  nndi'r  th(>  naino  of  "the  J{at,"  a  man  of  abihty, 
oxtreinoly  hravo,  and  th((  Itnhan  of  the  liif^diost  iiorit  that 
the  French  cnor  knew  in  Canachi.  It  had  eost  Mr.  do 
Denonvilhi  no  little  pains  to  draw  him  to  our  interests  ; ' 
l)ut  he  had  inisoahMilated,  if  ho  thoui^ht  to  dispose  of  this 
new  ally  at  his  pleasure.  The  Kat  liavin<^  ple<l^r(Hl  his 
word  to  make  -uitive  war  on  the  Irocjuois,  start<!il  from 
Michilliniackinac  with  a  i)icked  band  of  Hnrons,  bent  on 
distinp;uishinj;  himself  by  some  brilliant  acrhievement."  Ho 
took  Cata.'oc'ou}'  on  his  road,  and  on  arrivin;^  tluM'o  learned 
that  they  were  ne;^otiatin;j;  a  settlement  with  the  cantons ; 
that  the  treaty  was  well  advanc^ed,  and  that  the  Governor 
(xeneral  was  exjieuting  at  Montreal  ambassadors  and  hos- 
tages in  the  name  of  the  whole  Iroquois  nation.  The 
eommandant  at  C'atarocouy  added  that  the  best  thing  ho 
could  do  under  such  circumstance:,  was  to  return  home 
with  his  warriors,  and  that  he  would  give  bonndh^ss  otVcnce 
to  Mr.  do  Denonville,  if  he  committed  the  least  hostility 
against  the  Iro(|Uois. 

Tlu>  Ivat  seemed  at  tirst  somewhat  surprised  at  this 
news  ;  he  nevertlieh'ss  controlled  himself,  and  although 
ciHiviuced  that  his  nation  and  their  allies  were  being 
sacrificed,  he  let  no  complaint  esifape  him.^  He  withdrew 
from  the  fort.  l(>aving  the  French  under  the  impression 
that  he  took  the  rout(\  to  his  village  ;  but  he  had  (juito  a 
different  (h^sign  in  his  head.  He  had  inquired  as  to  the 
c(mrse  to  be  followed  by  the  Iroquois  deputies  and  hos- 
tages on  tluiir  way  to  Monti'eal  ;  In;  i)roceeded  to  await 
them  at  Hungry  Bay  (Ause  de  la  Famine),  where  he  lay  in 


'  Kimdiiironk   is   tninsfbriiii'd   hy  Micliillimackiniic,     ^lay    2C>,    1688, 

La  Hontuii   into  .Vilurio.     Voyufics,  iiotos  Lo  HntV depart iircut  the  head 

i.,  117,  18!».  (if  100  men.     Voyages,  i.,  117,  lUO. 

'  I.a    Iloiitaii,   ill   his   letter  from  ^  La  Hiiutaii,  Voyagps,  i.,  p.  100. 


I 


5 


IIISTOKV    Ol-   NKW    KUANTK 


18 


iilTil)Usli.'  After  111!  Iiiiil  wiiitcil  for  tlioiu  for  several  iliiys,  idSA. 
thoy  iipix'fired  ;  hv  iillowed  tlieiii  to  atlviiiice,  iind  uk  tliey  — ■■'— ^ 
W(M'e  jtroceediiip;  without  ilistrnst,  tliey  liUiilcd  witlioiit 
takiiif^  luiy  i)ree!intion.s.  This  iiionicut  the  lint  sci/cil  to 
rush  upon  them  ■■  illi  his  trooj).  At  first  they  wislu  il  to 
Ktaiid  tlieir  }.;roinid,  hut  the  contest  was  too  iiiie<mal. 
Home  of  tliein  were  killed,  the  rest  taken  i)ris()ners.' 

As  they  wore  not  far  from  ( 'atarocouy,  tiie  Hat,  it  is 
assorted,  returned  thitlit^'  ah)ne  after  his  exjx'dition  ;  and 
when  some  one  asked  wliere  he  came  fiom,  he  replied  that 
he  had  just  eomo  from  killing'  the  jieace,  and  adilecl  :  "  We 
shall  see  how  Ononthio  will  j;-et  out  of  this  iiusiness." 
His  meanin.!^  was  not  ai  tirst  understood  ; '  Imt  it  was  soon 
known  from  one  of  the  prisoners  who  had  escaped  from 
the  hands  of  the  Hurons,  after  haviiij,'  had  an  arm  broken 
in  tho  action,  lie  was  so  well  lre;ited.  that  he  was  cured 
in  a  short  time  ;  he  was  assiu'cd  that  the  I'^cuch  iiad  no 
share  in  this  treachery  of  the  Hurons.  and  was  so  well 
satisfied  of  it,  that  on  his  return  lo  (Jnonda.tja  lie  convinced 
the  whole  canton.' 

But  tho  Rat  had  not  l)emui  so  well,  to  stop  heii  .     As     mh  in- 
soon  as  ho  rejoined  his  |)arty,  Tei^'anissorens.  who  w  i.   one  iilv',7h',rtho 
of  his  prisoners,  havinj,'  asked  him  how  lie  could  he  ii^no-     „''i','i,"i'hc 
rant  that  ho  was  an  andiassador,  sent   to  treat  of  ))eaco    '''"i""'*'- 
with  their  common  father,  and  to  seek  means  of  ohtaininj,' 
a  ])orfect   peace  anion;,'  all  the  nations V    this  dis.sembler 
pretonded  to  bo  still  more  astonished  than  he  ;  he  pro- 
tested that   it  was  the  French   thems(dves  who  had  sent 
him  to  La  Famine,  assurin;,'  him  that  he  wouhl  there  inciot 
a  ]iarty  of  Iro([Uois  bravcs,  which  it  would  bo  very  easy 
for  him  to  surpiise  and  defeat.     To  show  that  he  spoke 


'    Anonymous     Ht-Intioii     of    lln'  sciit,"  wliicli  docs  imt  iit  all  inrri's 

KvcntM  i)f  till'  War  (N.  V.  Col.  Doc.  ii.s|i<in(l  witli  Iliinicry  May. 

ix.,  ]).  3i)l)  wiys  I,a  Kaniinc,  hut  l,u  -  l.a  Hoiitan.  Voyatfrs,  i..  |>.  lill 

Hontnn   (Voynn;e.«,   i..  p.   I!t0)  «iys:  •  Hi'liudUt    (Ilistoiic    du    Ciinadii. 

"Aux  ondroits  (los  ("ataracti's,  oil  il  p.  2!l)  ('(uifiniis  tliiw  In  part. 

falloit    absolunient    (ju'lls    abordai*-  ••  N.  V.  Col,  Doc  ,  ix..  p.  40;.'. 


14 


IIISI'MKY   OK    NKW     KllANCK. 


1688. 


i 


'I 


Tlio  (ic.v 

priiDi-  of 

Kv\y  Vdik 

prcvcnis 

]ll'arc. 


sincurely,  he  at  oiic'o  relousi'd  him  witli  all  l»in  moii,  ttxijept 
0110  siiif^lo  one,  whom  li(>  wi.shfd  to  retain,  lie  Haid,  to 
repla<'i>  oiu^  of  his,  who  had  hctm  killed.' 

H<)  then  use;l  all  dilif,'('iuH)  in  n^tniiiinj^  to  MiciiiUimaki- 
uao,  and  as  hoou  as  lie  arrivod  tliero  h(»  presented  liis 
prisoner  to  Mr,  de  hi  Durantaye.  That  commandant,  as 
yet  uninformed  of  iiis  ^'enerals  ne^,'otiatioiis  witli  the 
cantons,  at  once  eondemued  tlie  unfortiinato  man  to  bo 
shot,  wishing  appaniiitly  to  span*  him  tiie  torture  of  tire. 
Tile  Iro(|Uois  in  vain  protested  that  he  was  an  ambassador, 
and  that  tiie  Huroiis  had  \nkvn  liim  by  troaehery  ;  tho 
Kat  hud  already  notilied  all  that  his  head  was  turned,  and 
that  fear  of  death  inach-  him  rave.  A(U!ordin^ly,  no  one 
listened  to  him,  and  ho  wu-i  execntL'd.' 

As  soon  as  he  was  (k-ail,  the  Hat  called  an  old  Iro(iuois, 
who  had  loiij,'  been  a  captive  in  his  villa,:,'e,  H;ave  him  his 
liberty,  and  advised  him  to  return  to  his  canton  and  in- 
form his  countrymen  of  what  he  had  seen  just  passinj^ 
before  his  «iyes,  as  well  as  show  them  that  while  the  French 
w(!re  amusing  the  cantons  with  feigned  ne^'otiatimis,  they 
were  making  prisoners  from  them  and  tomahawkinjj;  them. 
Ail  this  ni't  with  perhict  success,  and  alth(mf,di  the  Iro- 
ipiois  seemed  at  first  luideceived  as  to  tlie  pretended  ill- 
faith  of  the  Governor  General,  we  shall  soon  see,  either 
that  they  only  pretendeil  to  be  so,  or  that  the  majority 
wen;  not  sorry  to  have  so  iilausible  a  pretext  i'or  renewing 
till'  war." 

The  wisest  were  nevertheless  determined  to  send  new 
deputies  to  the  Maniuis  de  Ueuonville.  Hiese  deimties 
were  even  already  selected,  and  about  to  start  for  Mon- 
treal, when  an  (sxpress  arrived  at  Onondaga  from  Sir 
Edmund  Andros,  forbidding  the  Iroquois  to  treat  with  the 
French  without  his  master's  intervention.     He  added  that 


'  lilt  llimtan,  Vdviifrt's,  i.,  p.  1!)1.  tiin.Vovuircs,  i.,  i>.  V.fi.     C'olduu  (Ilis- 

''  i.ii  llDiitttii.  Vo_vaj;c's,  i.,  \>.  Wi.  Utvy   nl'  tin-   Five   Xiitions,   p.    113 

'  N.  Y.  Col.  Due,  ix.,  :{itl, ;!!):(,  40.' ;  N.  V.  cilition)  ami  Smith  (History  of 

Canada  Doc.,  I.,  iv.,  <).■),  S5  ;  La  Ilou  New  Vorli,  p.  oli)  follow  La  lloutun. 


IIIS'COHV    OK    Ni;»V    KKANCK. 


16 


tlio  (i;)veiii()r  took  tlio  ciiitoiiH  umU'r  his  sftfcf^'uiinl,  iiiid      1688. 
assiucKl   tlu'iii   of    till)   protection   of   tlic   kiiif;   of   {Jroivt    ■^•r" 
Britain,  and  that  his  Majesty,  wlio  eonsiderod  tiuMn  as  his 
own  eliildren,  woiUd  never  lot  tlicni  want  fm-  any  tiiin<'.' 

Andros  wrote  at  the  same  time  to  the  Mar((uis  de  I)e- 
iionville,  tliat  lie  must  not  Hatter  himself  that  he  could 
make  peace  witii  the  Inniuois,  sulijeets  of  ihe  Enf,'lish 
crown,  under  any  other  conditions  than  those  already 
proposed  hy  (."olonol  Donj^'an,  his  predecessor  ;  that  in 
otlua-  respects,  so  far  as  he  was  jtersonally  coi.  erned,  lie 
was  most  disposed  to  livo  on  ^'ood  terms  witli  him,  and 
tliat  he  had  already  forbidden  tiiu  En-^'lisii  of  his  dcpeud- 
ance  to  commit  any  hostility  on  the  territm-ies  dependent 
on  th(^  French.  As  this  f^overnor  also  commanded  in  New 
Enfj;land,  aftcM'  sudi  a  declaration,  there  was  every  ground 
to  expect  that  no  jiart  of  Nt^w  l''rani'(>  was  free  from  risk 
on  the  ])art  of  th(>  En,t,'Iisli.' 

Jiut  under  the  term  New  France  that  (General  apparently 
included  neither  Acadia  \wx  the  circumjacent  proviiK-es, 
although  the  treaty  of  Driida  declared  tliern  to  form  a 
part  thereof;  tor  while  he  was  making  the  inotestation 
just  mentioned  to  de  Denonville,  he  sent  a  force  to  plunder 
the  settlement  of  the  Baron  ch'  St.  (\astin  at  rent.igoet," 
and  the  Sedentary  Fisheries  established  at  Ciimcraux  and 
('hcdabouctou.'     ft  is  true  that  he  disavowed  these  enter- 


'  De  (,'iillit"'iuH  t(i  Sci;;iiclav,  .Iiui,, 
KkS!).  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  402  ; 
('iimiila  Doc,  1,,  iv.,  p,  l]:t. 

•  II).,  i)|>  40:),  KM.  Andros  to  Dr 
nonvillc,  •.iig.  21.  Sept.  •,'!»,  Kl.ss. 
C'liniida  Doc,  II.,  v.,  |).  .'iO.'i.  Dt'non- 
villi-  to  An<iros.  Oct.,  KiSS.  N.  ^ , 
<'ol.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  ."jOT. 

'  Andros  went  in  iK-rsion  in  tlic 
frigate  Host',  Ca|it.  Ucorgc.  Iliitcliin 
son's  ('olli'Ptlon.s,  pp.  .")li3-(! ;  VViJ. 
liainson'.s  Muine,  i.,  j).  .IST ;  Main(t 
Hist.  (V)ll.,  vi„  p.  112;  Dt'nonvill,., 
N.  Y.  Col.  D(X'.,  ix.,  p.  :!'J(i.  IV-non- 
ville  to  Andros,  ib.,  iii.,  p.  .^OH.    This 


r)liuiic(l  C'astin's  war,  wliicli  proved 
so  di'sf  riictive  to  Xcw  Knglaud.  For 
un  eiuiiiieraiion  of  the  l-Vi'nrh  tiien 
seltleii  in  Maine,  si'e  Mass.  [list. 
<'()11.,  iii.,  pp.  H2-;i. 

'  Denonville  to  Andros.  N.  Y. 
<'ol.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  571.  Chanipign.v 
to  the  Minister.  Oct.  l!l.  Can.  Doc, 
11.,  v.,  p.  T-,m.  A  letter  of  Captain 
Nicholson,  written  at  Dostnn,  Aug, 
•■U,  loss  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  ,-5,152), 
attriliiites  this  to  one  Peterson  (the 
remainder  of  Yanekeys  ami  Jacob's 
eoni|)any,  tlie  two  famous  privati-eru 
of  the  West  IiidlesV     He  sailed  in  a 


if: 


i 


u 


Btitti'  of 
trailr  ill 

New 
Kruiifc. 


mSTOIlY   OK   NKW    KUANCK. 
|)list'.  ,  '..III  (Tic  Tr*  TT^Mlirrt  fffTJtlli    |inn<f«   tlifft  lie  «iim  rto 

iusti;,'iitor  of  tlii>H»'  iiH  \v(>li  lis  <»f  tlic  r.iviij^cs  eoinniittcMl  iii 
various  puts  of  tlic  colniiv  l)_v  a  party  of  tlirct'  Imiitliril 
Irotpiois.'  Ill  a  word,  liis  wlioli-  coiKliU't  till  war  yvM 
tlt'darcil  lutwiM'ii  tin-  two  rrowiis,  dill'cMod  from  that  wliicii 
)io  (1iH]ilayu(1  after  tliat  dcclaiation.  oiiIn  as  the  Slackest 
pi'rtidy  dilVrrs  from  optii  war.' 

It  may  wt'll  lu>  iiifi  ir*'d,  tliat  in  lli**  actual  position  of 
Canadian  atVairs,  trado  fould  not  lu>  vrry  tlourisliin^. 
From  tliti  year  Kid'.*,  wlitn  the  kiu}^  had  declared  it  free, 
tlu!  colony  had  increased  consideralily,  and  by  tiie  census 
of  this  year,  IdHH,  it  was  fnund  to  l)e  composed  of  elevi'U 
thousand  two  hundred  and  forty-nine  persons.'  The  En- 
glish, indeisd,  as  already  remarked,  from  that  time  shared 
with  the  French  in  the  fur  tiade  :  and  tliis  was  liie  chief 
motive  of  their  fonn-ntinj,' war  Itelween  us  and  tin*  Inxpiois, 
ini'smuch  as  tliey  could  get  no  good  furs,  which  come  from 
the  northern  districts,  exce|)t  by  me.ins  of  thest;  Indians, 
who  could  scarcely  effect  a  reconciliation  with  us,  without 
precluding  them  from  this  precious  mine. 

Not  that  the  Inxjuois  were  gn^at  hunt(!rs  ;  but,  lusides 
their  often  robbing  our  allies  and  voyageiu's  of  the  furs 
they  were  bearing  to  Montreal,  they  induced  several  tribes, 
and  often  even  our  bushlopers,  to  trade  with  the  English 
of  New  York,  and  the  profit  which  they  derived  from  this 
trade,  of  which  their  country  becann>  of  course  the  centre, 
retained  them  in  the  English  interest.  To  these  reasons 
was  added  tho  allurement  of  a  blotter  market,  which  made 
a  great  imjjression  on  all  the  Indians,  so  that  the  best  part 
of  the  furs  of  Canada  went  to  the  English,  witlumt  there 
being  any  i)ossibility  of  bringing  to  reason  tho.se  interested 


Imrkiiliingii  <if  10  guns  ami  12  piitn.         '  'I'lii!  ri'volution  in  Kn<^land  |>ut 

rerc.i,  with  TO  nirn,  took  u  Imrk  of  un  end  V>  Ihi'  rulo  oi' Amlros,  and  ho 

('astin'H.  a  Hliip  at   Cauiffaux,   tin'  liail  ot  c  lursc  no  part  in  tliu  war 

fort  at  Cliflmi'to,  and  anotlit^r  vcs-  tliat  followed. 


sel.     II)., 


N.  Y.  Col.  Uoc,  Ix.,  i>.  :i!l.".. 


■'  Ueccnuruu-nts  dc  In  N'.  K.,  1085 
li  lU'JU. 


i 


I 


> 


I 


I 


)  1 


L 


IlISTOin    OK   NKW    I'UANCK 


17 


in  tliin  triidc,  the  Iicnl  men  of  wliicli  Ih'uij,'  in  Fninpo,  did     i^i-*>*. 
not  Hcc  mattfrH  us  cK'nily  as  those  who  wcit!  in  Aiaorica.'     ^"""v— 


Si- 
lt 


H    .1 


At  last  some  of  these  hist  renounced  the  fur  trach",  the  s.dnihirv 
profits  of  wliieh  deelined  from  day  to  day,  and  took  up  "ii'.'.'si'!'" 
oneo  more  tiie  oft-miscarried  jjnijeet  of  estaldishin^' sech-n-  '•'"'''""'• 
tary  lisheries  in  tlio  river  St.  Lawrenee  ;  lint  thev  were 
dis<,'usted  witii  it  from  tlie  outset.'     Tiio  Sieur  Uiverin  was 
iihnost  tho  only  one  wlio  was  not  ahirmud  by  the  dillieul- 
tics,  or  induced   liy  the   faihuo  of  his  lirst   attempt   to 
renounce  tlie  enterprise.     I'tit'with  industry  and  courage 
considcral)le  cai)ital  is  reiiuircd  to  push  such  estabUsh- 
ments,  and  this  Sieur  Kiverin  hul.ed.     Ho  induced  .somo 
private   parties   at   Paris   to   join    him;    but   ho  derived 
scarcely  any  advantaf,'e  :    all   wished   to  reap  before  tho 
harvest  was  ripe,  ami  their  imj)atienco  at  last  rendered  all 
his  projects  aliortivt,'." 

He  be^'an  in  earnest  during  tho  summer  of  1688.  He  AiiniuUnce 
established  his  fishery  in  the  vicinity  of  tho  River  Mataue,  ami  wt'.k'H. 
the  mouth  of  wliich  he  found  capable  of  receiving  vosst^ls 
of  two  hundred  tons,  a  point  hitherto  unnoticed.  All  this 
southeru  shore  of  the  St.  liawrence,  for  a  space  of  twenty 
leagues,  is  very  abundant  iu  codfish,  and  Riverin  wrote  to 
Mr.  do  Seignelay  that  more  than  five  hundred  boats  could 


'  Tlip  importance  of  this  trade, 
wliirli  Dongan  was  tlio  first  to  grasp 
at,  WHS  devi'l()|)('(|  under  Uurntt  anil 
Coldon.  See  C'olden's  Five  Nations 
(N.  Y.  ri'priul),  inlmd.,  vii. ;  I'upers 
n^Iating  to  tlie  Arts  of  tin-  Assembly, 

N.  Y.,  ira4. 

In  this  year,  1(388,  a  Bureau  of  the 
Poor  was  estnblislu'd  at  Quebec,  caeli 
citizen  and  coiiimunity  contributing, 
and  forming  u  fund  of  :.'()()0  livris. 
Subse(|uently,  Up.  St.  Valier  estal>- 
lished  a  tieneral  Iii)>i)ital  or  House 
for  the  Aged,  Inlinu.  and  Incurable, 
and  ]ilaced  it,  in  Uisi),  under  Miirga- 
rct  Bourgeoys  and  the  Sisters  of  tho 
Congregation.  Jucliereau(Histoirede 
Vol.  IV.— ;j 


I'Hotel  Dleu,  pp.  355-0  ;  Faillon,  Vie 
de  M.  Bourgeoys,  i.,  p.  ;329) ;  but,  in 
11)112,  replaced  them  by  the  Hospital 
Nuns,  on  receiving  royal  ]x.'rniis8ion 
for  till'  establishment  of  the  Hospital. 
Edits  et  Onlonnances  (i.,  p.  271). 

■•'  Louis  XIV.  to  Frontenac.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  -154.  See,  as  to  his 
failure,  ib.,  p.  ,')85.  Canada  Doc,  II., 
v.,  p.  2i)7.  Ferland,  ( 'otes  de  la  (Jas- 
l)t'sie  (Soirees  Canadiennes),  p.  ;i28. 
Compare  Ante,  vol.  iii.,  p.  145.  Que- 
bec L.  and  H.  Soc,  vol.  iv.,  p.  27,  &c. 

^  In  1700  these  partners  seized  all 
the  proiiorty  at  Mount  Louis  as  their 
own,  and  ruined  him.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  585. 


i 


r-. 


18 


IIISTOUY   <tK   NKW    KUANCK. 


1688.  bo  employed  there  at  onco.  Hi^  luliled  in  liis  letter  that 
■">'"*'  the  fish  thoro  were  very  fine,  ami  fit  for  (Jiljniltur,  Spain, 
ami  tlio  Levant ;  that  having  rivimi  orders  to  his  men  to 
he  on  the  loolvout  for  whales,  especially  near  Matane,  they 
had  reported  to  him  that  tlure  appeared  on  the  surface, 
from  time  to  time,  as  many  as  fifty  at  once,  that  allowed 
men  to  approach  near  enough  to  strike  them  with  an  oar ; 
that  this  lasted  for  three  consecutive  months,  during  most 
of  which  time  it  is  unnecessary  to  he  much  more  than  a 
(puirter  of  a  league  cmt  to  find  them.' 

I  have  remarked  in  my  journal,  that  having  anchored  in 
the  latter  part  of  August,  1705,  near  Tadoussae,  about 
fifteen  leagues  above  Mutane,  I  saw  four  whales  at  the 
same  time  sporting  around  our  ship,  and  coming  so  near 
that  they  could  be  touched  with  the  oars  of  the  long  boat ;' 
but  it  was  chiefly  on  the  coast  of  Acadia  that  the  fishery 
offered  an  inexhaustible  basis  for  this  trade.  The  misfor- 
tune is  that  tlie  French,  possessors  of  that  great  penin- 
sula, were  alwnys  those  who  profited  least  by  it. 

The  Sieur  Paipiine,  whom  the  Court  had  sent  there  that 
year  to  make  a  visitation,  attributed  this  to  the  fact  of 
I'lirAramliM  tl'cir  having  made   the  chief  settlement  at  Port   Royal, 
tuhcrics.    ^^.jjjgjj  jg^  \^Q  f,nj,]^  Qyt  yf  tjjQ  reach  of  all  trade,  and  too 

difficult  of  access,  on  account  of  the  diversity  of  winds 
necessary  to  have  in  order  to  enter.  This  was  a  very  old 
and  well-founded  complaint.  The  ports  of  la  Heve  and 
Camceaux  were  far  more  advantageous  for  a  successful 
settlement.  A  person  still  better  informed  than  the  Com- 
missary just  mentioned,  says,  in  a  Memoir  drawn  up 
almost  at  this  same  time  : 

"  Acadia,  so  useful  for  the  beauty  and  security  of  its 
ports,  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  the  abundance  of  its  fisheries, 
the  facility  for  rendering  them  sedentai'y,  as  well  as  for  its 
mines,  has  hitherto  only  languished  ;  first,  from  the  dissen- 


\Vli;il  \nc- 

villts  llic 

French 


'  See  Canada  Docuint'iits,   II ,  v. 
p.  u54. 


'  Clmrlovoix,  Journal,  p.  do.    F'er- 
land,  Cott's  lic  la  (insprhio,  p.  !!.),!. 


I 


IIISTOKY  OF  NEW    IRANCK. 


19 


BiOTiH  of  tlio  vnrlons  proitiif>t()rH,  mul  Hinoo  tlio  tronty  nf  1688, 
Urt'dii  from  tlio  avarirn  of  tlie  (lovMiiorH,  who,  finding  — -v-— ^ 
intcrcouiHo  willi  tho  Knf^'lJMh  a  soiirpo  of  profit,  liiivf  left 
them  niastorn  of  tho  fiKhoiics  mid  of  nil  tlio  trado.  Tho 
settlors,  on  their  sido,  without  disoipIiiK!  or  rostraint,  havo 
^'ivcti  no  thouKht  oithtr  to  nfiricnlturr  or  tho  fishrrios,  hut, 
sunk  in  dohaiu-liory  or  huishloping,  do  iiotliiug  but  livo 
from  day  to  day."' 

Tho  solo  roHonrco  of  the  provinco  lay  in  our  allianoo   rnoinof 
with  th(!  Indians  of  those  parts,  and  es])oeially  of  the  Al)o-  "llMiivm'' 
naquis,  anionf,'  whom  (.'hristianity  hud  niadi>  (;rout  prof^rcss;  'ljya<Ni'om 
bui  there  was  constant  foar  of  our  losing  those  allies,  the   ""  l.'^"''- 
most  manageable  and,  at  tho  same  time,  tho  bravest  in  all 
Canada.      The   English   woro   ineossantly  making  them 
presents  and  tho  most  extravagant   promises   to  dotaoh 
thorn  from  our  interest ;  and  would  certainly  havo  succeed- 
ed, but  for  tho  invincible  attachment  of  these  tribes  to 
tlu'ir  religion  and  their  missionaries.     In  tho  sequel  of  this 
history  wo  shall  see,  that  in  order  to  preserve  their  faith 
thciy  often  confronted  th(^  greatest  perils,  and  that,  with  tho 
slightest  hope  of  compensation  from  tho  French  for  their 
losses,  they  formed  on  that  side  a  rampart  that  all  the 
forces  of  New  England  havo  never  been  able  to  storm. 

Meanwhile,  the  declarutior  of  Sir  Edmund  Andros  in  Th.' Cncva- 
regard   to   peace  with  the   Iroquois,  and   the  agicemont    CMWrl* 
which  it  was  soon  known  the  cantons  had  entered  into  '"'l!wt-."' 
with  that  governor,  not  to  take  any  steps  in  that  matter 
without  his  intervention,  filled  the  whole  colony  with  con- 
sternation.    But  it  often  hap[»ens  that,  when  no  ordinary 
means  appears  of  avoiding  a  pressing  evil,  men  make 
efforts  till  then  deemed  beyond  tlieir  strength.     Indigna- 
tion to  see  a  handful  of  savag.^s  ke(>p  a  whole  great  country 
incessantly  in  chock,  inspired  a  design  that  would  have 
seemed  hardy,  even  had  our  situation  been  as  flourishing 
as  it  was  deplorable.     This  was  the  conquest  of  Now  York- 


'  Du  t'licMiii'aii,  NY.  Col.  !),■('..  ix  ,  p.  \Cy',  ;  ib.,  ]>.  •,>N"», 


.1 


I 


20 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


I 


Its  cim- 
ti'ii' 


1688.  The  Chevalier  do  Calliores  having  laid  the  plan  before  the 
— ""^r""""^  Murquis  de  Denouville,  went  over  to  France  to  propose  it 
to  the  Court,  as  the  sole  means  of  preventing  the  utter 
ruin  of  New  France. 
Hi'pre^unts  The  memoir  on  this  subject  which  he  presented  to  the 
the  Court,  miuiater'  stated  in  substance,  that  as  Sir  Ednuind  Andros, 
governor  of  Now  York,  Avas  not  a  Catholic,  the  French 
must  not  flatter  themselves  that  he  would  carry  out  in 
good  faith  the  order.s  he  had  received  from  the  king,  his 
master,  to  maintain  an  understanding  with  us  ;  that  we 
could  not  in  fact  doubt  but  that,  following  the  example  of 
Colonel  Dongan,  his  predecessor,  he  would  by  all  sorts  of 
means  aid  the  Iroquois,  who  would  never  sincerely  make 
peace  with  the  French  so  long  as  they  could  rely  on  the 
English  :  that,  this  premised,  there  was  no  other  way  to 
preserve  the  colony,  except  to  make  ourselves  masters  of 
New  York  ;  and  that  this  conquest  was  legitimate  from  the 
necessity  in  which  the  English  had  placed  us  of  under- 
taking it,  to  defend  our  own  territory  against  a  nation 
whose  interests  they  openly  espoused  against  us.  He  then 
comes  to  the  means  of  carrying  out  his  project. 

"  Give  me,"  he  says,  "  1300  soldiers  and  300  Canadians, 
and  with  them  I  will  descend "  the  Eivcr  Sorel  to  Lake 
Champlain,  under  pretext  of  going  to  make  war  on  the  Iro- 
quois ;  and  when  I  have  arrived  in  their  country,  I  will  pro- 
claim to  them  that  I  am  willing  to  live  in  peace  with  them, 
and  I  aim  only  at  the  English.  Orange  (Albany)  has  only  a 
stockade,  not  tcrrassed,  and  a  small  fort  with  four  bastions, 
with  only  loO  boldiors  and  300  settlers  in  the  town.  Man- 
hatte  (New  I'ork)  has  400  inhabitants,  divided  into  eight 
companies,  half  cavalry,  and  half  infantry.  This  capital  is 
not  inclosed,  but  has  a  fort  with  four  bastions,  faced  with 


^ 
i 


'  Tlio  inemdir  is  in  full,  N.  Y.  t'ol. 
Doc,  ix.,  i)p.  401-U14,  nnd  the  later 
one,  401-8. 

-  IIu  slioukl  Lave  said  Asrt'ml. 
C/mrliroij-.     The   nuihor  evidently 


cited  from  i.  summary  ((.'anada  l>(ic., 
I.,  iv.,  p.  150),  not  Irom  the  memoir. 
The  error  noted  '  ■  not  in  this  orii^i- 
nal.  N.  Y.  Col.  'Joe.  ix.,  j).  405  ;  t-ee, 
also,  p.  429. 


f 


HISTOHV   OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


21 


stone,  and  mounted  with  cannon.  This  conquest  wonUl 
make  the  king  master  of  one  of  the  finest  ports  in  America, 
wliich  can  bo  entered  at  all  times,  and  of  a  very  fine  coun- 
try, under  a  mild  climate,  and  fertile.  The  treaty  of  neii- 
tralitj-  will  be  objected  ;  but,  in  the  first  place,  the  English 
have  violated  it  first ;  of  this  we  have  irrefragable  proofs. 
In  the  second  place,  it  must  be  observed,  that  this  colony, 
being  actually  all  filled  with  Dutch,  from  whom  the  English 
wrested  it,  its  inhabitants  will  iufallibl}-  obey  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  and  will  constrain  the  Governor.'  Hence  they 
must  be  anticipated.  Still,  if  it  is  preferred  to  defer  mat- 
ters till  we  are  openly  at  war  with  the  English,"  we  must 
prepare  for  the  month  of  Juno  m^xt." 

This  memoir  made  an  impression  on  the  minister,  and 
the  king  even  aj^proved  it ;  but  its  execution  was  not  con- 
fided to  the  Marquis  de  Denonville. 

It  seems  that  his  majesty  had,  from  the  preceding  year, 
thought  of  recalling  Dr'nonville,  having  selected  him  for 
the  post  of  Governor  of  the  Children  of  France  ;  for  I  have 
had  in  my  hands  an  order  signed  by  that  prince,  dated 
March  8, 1(188,  by  virtue  whereof  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres, 
governor  of  Montreal,  was  to  have  command  of  the  forces 
during  the  absence  of  the  Governor  General.'  Neverthe- 
less, whether  the  king  changed  his  mind,  or  had  reasons 
for  deferring  the  execution  of  this  project,  there  was  noth- 
ing at  the  close  of  the  year  1GS8  to  prevent  the  Chevalier 
de  Callieres  from  returning  to  France.  It  was  not  till  the 
last  day  of  May,  in  the  ensuing  year,  that  his  uiajcsty 
informed  the  Marquis  de  Denonvillo  that  the  circumstances 
of  the  war  just  enkindled  in  Europe  had  induced  him  to 
adopt  the  n^solution  of  recalling  him,  in  order  to  give  him 
a  position  in  his  army. 


i688. 


1689. 

The  M;ir- 

<(uis  de 

Diiionville 

icoiilled  lo 
France. 


'  France  was  already  at  war  with  answers  represents  this  as  merely  a 

Hollaiiil.     Chaiifvoix.  renewal  of  a  cDUimissinn  ^'iven  tin; 

'  No  doubt  was  entertained  of  tlie  year  liefnre.     'I'lio  exjiression  would 

proximity  of  this  war.     lb.  not  therefore  necessarily  imply  that 

'  The  summary  of  the  Minister's  Denonville  was  recalled. 


22  HISTORY  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 

i6i'9.        Count  (le  Frontenac  was  at  the  same  time  declared  his 
^^'        successor.'     The  kinc  had  not  been  able  to  refuse  this 

Count  ,  .  .    .        . 

Frontenac  favor  to  tho  prossiuf^  solicitations  of  several  of  the  relatives 
iiini.  and  friends  of  that  nobleman,  and  especially  those  of  the 
Marshal  do  Bellofont,  who  guaranteed  his  conduct,  and 
whoso  lofty  virtue  was  a  strong  recommendation  to  Louis 
XIV.'  Moreover,  the  wretched  state  to  which  New  France 
was  roduced,  and  the  project  of  the  conquest  of  New  York, 
required  hiiu  to  place  at  the  head  of  the  colony  a  man  of 
authority,  firm  in  character,  of  great  military  expeiience, 
alreadj'  acquainted  with  the  country,  and  capable  of  man- 
aging tho  Indian  mind.  All  this  was  found  in  tho  Count 
de  Frontenac,  and  there  was  every  reason  to  hope  that, 
with  tho  sound  sense  which  he  possessed,  he  would  profit 
by  his  faults  and  the  chagrin  which  they  had  drawn  upon 
him,  to  moderai  his  passions,  and  take  other  guides  for 
his  conduct  than  his  prejudices  and  antipathies.  Those 
conjectures  proved  quite  well  founded.  This  general,  in- 
deed, always  seemed  the  same  to  those  who  had  the  best 
opportunity  of  seeing  him  ;  but  he  was  on  his  giiard,  and 
profited  by  the  advice  which  he  received  from  the  Marshal 
de  Bellefont.  On  the  other  hand,  he  had  the  finest  oppor- 
tunity in  the  world  to  develop  his  great  qualities  and  make 
a  glorious  use  of  them.  He  rendered  nn^st  important  ser- 
vices to  the  state,  especially  during  the  early  years  of  his 
new  administration,  to  induce  tho  Court  to  close  its  eyes 
as  to  several  faults  which  escaped  him,  and  oblige  ^■'^oso 
who  soon  perceived  that  he  had  not  changed  his  sentiments 
in  their  regard,  to  suffer  in  patience,  and  dissemble  wisely. 
Hisinstnic-      In  the  instructions  given  him,  which  were  signed  on  the 

tions  US  to  i        i  ■  •     r-  i    i  •  i 

Hudson's  7th  of  June,  the  king  informed  Jiim  that  on  the  reports 
received  in  France  and  England,  as  to  the  reciprocal  inva- 
sions of  the  posts  established  in  Hudson's  Bay  by  the 
English  and  French,  conferences  had  been  held  at  London 


^J 


'  Commission  in  Arriits  et  Ordon-    done  mucli  to  obtain  his  appoint- 
nanccs,  Hi.,  p.  52.  ment. 

■'  His  wife  is  represented  as  having 


I  if 


HISTORY  OF   NKW   FHAN(E. 


28 


between  his  cominissionors  and  tliose  of  Great  Britain ; 
but  that  the  parties,  not  having  been  aV)lo  to  agree  as  to 
the  facts  alleged  by  those  interested,  it  had  been  agreed  to 
postpone  the  negotiation  till  the  month  of  January  in  the 
present  year.  168!) ;  that  the  revolution  which  had  taken 
place  in  England  in  the  mean  time  had  broken  oft'  all  these 
measures ;  and  that,  as  it  was  probable  that  the  English 
had  not  yet  thought  of  taking  their  precautions  on  that 
side,  his  Majesty  wished  him  to  give  the  Northern  Com- 
pany all  the  protection  it  should  require,  to  expel  them 
from  the  posts  which  they  had  wrested  from  it.' 

Coming  then  to  Acadian  affairs,  the  king  informed  him, 
that  in  the  last  conferences  between  the  commissioners  of 
the  two  crowns,  the  irruption  recently  made  by  the  Bas- 
tonnois'  at  Pcutagoot  had  been  discussed  ;  that  the  English 
commissiojiers  had  conceded  that  this  post  belonged  to 
France,  and  had  deferred  indemnifying  him  for  the  vio- 
lence of  which  ho  complained  till  the  resumption  of  the 
negotiations  ;  that  as  this  project  was  no  longer  possible, 
in  consequence  of  the  rupture  of  the  conference,  it  would 
be  necessary  for  him  to  concert  with  the  Sieur  de  Menne- 
val,  governor  of  Acadia,  measures  necessary  to  prevent  in 
future  similar  irruptions,  to  which  the  war,  apparently 
inevitable  and  innninent,  constantly  exposed  that  part  of 
New  France." 

War  was  in  fact  declared  with  England  on  the  25th  of 


i6f?9. 


Acadia. 


'  Instructions  for  Coiint  de  Fron- 
tenac.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  42T. 
t'Rna<la  Doc,  I.,  iv.,  p.  ^l(i. 

'  Uastonnois  was  the  giTicral  name 
given  by  tlie  Canadians  to  tlio  Eiig 
lish  settlers  from  unj  of  the  colo- 
nies, EB  iliatinguished  from  Dutch, 
French,  &c  (Jld  ('anRdian.s  still  use 
it.  From  the  I'"rench  Canadians  it 
passed  to  the  Indians.  The  Iro(|uoiK 
called  the  English  of  Now  York 
Wastonronnon  (Raston  people) — see 
letter  of  Brant  in   Ulster  Hist.  Col- 


lections—as did  tlie  Hurons  (Potier, 
Oranimaire  Huronne).  'I'he  French 
Canadians  have  carried  it  even  to 
the  Pacific,  and  in  the  Chinook  .Jar 
gon  Hoston  means  Ai'ierican.  GiUb's 
Chinook  Jargon,  p  '..'. 

•'  Instructions  for  Count  de  Fron- 
tenae.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  4JS  ; 
Canada  Doc ,  I.,  iv.,  p.  '2ti.  IJobi 
neau  do  Menneval  was  a  son  of  the 
liaron  de  Uecancourt.  PV'rland, 
Cours  d'FIist.,  ii.,  p.  176. 


2i 


lIlSTOltV   OK   Ni:\V    I'UANCK 


I 


I' 


1689.     the  SiiniG  iiionth  of  June  ;  but,  as  it  had  boou  resolved  on 
JT^'        several  months  before,  the  iirincipal  article  of  the  instruc- 


New  Vork. 


rinii  (if  till! 
enturprisc. 


tion.'  of  which  we  are  speaking  concerned  the  plan  proposed 
by  the  Chevalier  de  Callierns.  It  stated  that  the  king  had 
deterniint,;!  to  accejjt  th(!  proposition  of  the  Governor  of 
Montreal,  inasmuch  as  he  was  informed  that  for  some 
years  the  English  of  New  York  had  continued  to  excite  the 
Iroquois  nation,  his  Majesty's  subjects,  and  force  them  to 
make  war  on  the  French,  for  this  purpose  famishing  thorn 
with  arms  and  unnnuuition,  and  liud  sought,  by  all  sorts  of 
means,  regardless  of  the  prohibition  of  the  King  of  Eng- 
land and  the  faith  of  tlie  treaty,  to  usurp  the  commerce 
of  the  French  in  couutrios  of  which  the  latter  had  of  all 
time  been  in  possessi(jn.  That,  for  all  those  reasons,  his 
Majesty  had  ordered  tlit.'  Siour  Bogou,  liis  inteudaut  at 
Rochofort  in  the  Pays  d'Auuis  and  Saintouge,  to  prepare 
all  necessary  supplies,  and  had  Utted  out  in  the  port  of 
Rochefort  two  of  his  ships  of  the  line,  under  the  command 
of  the  Sieur  de  la  Calfiniere,  who  was  to  obey  exactly  the 
orders  of  the  Count  de  Frouteuac. 

That  it  was  his  intention  that  the  said  Count  do  Fronte- 
nac  should  set  out  as  soon  as  possible,  and  embark  on  one 
of  the  ships  commanded  by  the  Sieur  de  la  Caffinicre,  to 
proceed  first  to  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
then  to  the  Bay  of  Camceaux,  in  Acadia ;  that  on  arriving 
there  he  should  pass  to  the  best  of  the  merchant  ships 
that  had  followed  him,  in  order  to  return  to  Quebec  ;  but 
that  before  parting  with  the  Sieur  de  la  Caffinicre,  he 
ordered  him  to  wait  for  information,  and  to  seize  all  the 
enemy's  ships  that  he  might  meet  during  his  stay  on  the 
coast ;  that  for  himself,  as  soor  as  time  and  opportunity 
permitted,  and  even,  if  possible,  on  entering  the  St.  Law- 
rence river,  he  should  detach  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres,  in 
oi'der  that  the  latter  might  reach  Quebec  before  him,  and 
there  make  the  necessary  preparations  for  the  enterprise 
against  New  York  ;  that  he  must  os])ecially  take  care  to 
observe  profound  bocrecy,  and  endeavor  to  cloak  these 


ff 


^ 
M 


M. 


HISTORY   OK   NEW    KHANCF. 


26 


projiarations  with  sucli  ])n'ti'xts  as  lio  should  dccMii  most      \Mg. 
suitable  and  plausil)k'.  ' 

That  it  was  also  most  importaut  to  om]>loy  the  ^'HMtcst 
di]i,ii;euct),  his  Majesty  being  convinced  that  the  enterprise 
could  not  bo  efVectcd  in  any  other  season  than  autumn  ; 
that,  accordingly,  the  Count  de  Froiitenae,  ininiediatcly 
after  his  arrival  at  Quebec,  should  set  out  with  the  bat  tea  ux 
and  all  the  necessary  crows,  accompanied  by  the  Clievalier 
do  Callieres,  who  was  to  command  tliu  troops  under  him  ; 
that  lie  should  at  the  same  time  scud  his  instructions  in 
cypher  t(j  the  Sieur  de  la  CalHuiere,  and  ivcomniend  him 
to  sail  for  Manhattan,  with(mt  undertaking  any  thing  on 
the  way ;  to  seize  all  the  vessels  he  should  find  iu  the  bay  ; 
but  not  to  expose  himself  to  any  adventure  that  could 
incapacitate  him  from  taking  part  iu  the  enterprise  in 
question. 

That  as  it  was  impossible  to  fix  a  positive  time  when  the 
Sieur  de  la  Cafldniere  and  the  Count  de  Frouteuac  should 
arrive  together,  each  on  his  sidi^  it  was  best  for  the  f(jrmer 
to  sail  straight  into  the  Bay  of  Manhattan,  the  more  espe- 
cially as  the  attack  on  the  first  posts  of  New  Y(jrk  would 
wriru  tiie  capital,  and  thus  the  ships  arriving  there  before 
the  laud  forces  would  cause  a  useful  diversion  ;  that  as  the 
Count  de  Frouteuac  would  have  with  him  all  the  forces  of 
New  Franco,  he  should,  before  leaving  Quebec,  arrange 
with  the  Marquis  de  Deuonvillc  the  measures  recpiisite  to 
be  adopted  for  the  security  of  the  colony  against  the  incur- 
sions of  the  Iroquois,  and  give  orders  to  the  Chevalier  de 
Vaudreuil,  who  Avas  to  command  iu  the  country  during  the 
expeditiou,  after  the  departure  of  the  Marquis  de  Dcuon- 
ville,  and  whose  instructions  were  to  bo  drawn  up  by  the 
two  generals. 

On  the  reduction  of  New  York,  the  Count  de  Frouteuac  wimt  na:* 
was  to  leave  there  the  English  Catholics  who  chose  to  '?,f''Vti'"' 
remain,  after  assuring  himself  of  their  fidelity  ;  allot  to  the  ''""'ihai'  "^ 
French  whom  he  should  settle  there,  mechanics  and  other   '"'""'"'■'■■ 
workpeople  whom  they  might  need  ;  retain  as  prisoners 
Vol.  IV,— 4 


:§ 


ii 


2fi 


IIIS-IOUV   OF   NRW   I'-HANCK. 


\-    I 


1689. 


Failure  of 

the  entt'i'- 
pri-io.  Why. 


the  ofBcors  and  i-Liof  settlors,  for  whom  good  ransoms 
iiiif^lit  he  expected,  and  send  all  the  rest,  men  and  women, 
into  New  England  or  Pennsylvania  ;  bnt,  as  ho  was  not  to 
wait  for  the  lute  season  to  I'cturn  to  (.Jneljec,  for  fear  of 
being  stoji]>ed  on  the  way  by  tlu!  iee,  ho  had  orders  to 
confido  tho  exeeution  of  all  that  remained  to  bo  done  to 
the  Chevalier  de  CuUieres,  wluim  the  king  intended  for  tho 
government  of  New  York,  and  of  the  city  and  fort  of  3[an- 
hattau,  under  the  authority  of  the  Crovernor-CTeneral  of 
Now  France.  Finally,  one  oi  the  principal  fruits  of  tlie 
victory  was  to  be  a  solid  peace  with  the  Iroquois  cantons, 
which,  no  longer  able  to  ho]ie  for  assistance  from  the 
English,  would  have  no  farther  temptation  to  give  trouble ; 
and  to  deprive  tho  other  English  colonies  of  facilities 
for  setting  on  foot  any  eutei'prise  against  us  b}'  land,  it  was 
expressly  enjoined  on  tho  Count  do  Fi'ontenac  to  destroy 
all  tho  settlements  near  Manhattan,  and  put  all  the  rest 
under  contribution.' 

A  project  so  well  arringed,  with  its  execution  confided 
to  ollicers  whose  name  seemed  to  guarantee  success,  had 
one  defect  which  entailed  failure.  It  depended  on  the 
concni-renco  of  two  things  that  can  never  be  certainly 
counted  on,  namely,  favorable  winds  and  equal  diligence 
in  all  appointed  to  make  the  preparations.  The  plan  pro- 
posed by  the  Governor  of  Montreal  was  much  more  simple 
than  that  adopted  :  it  was,  too,  less  expensive  :  it  did  not 
depend  on  the  caprice  of  wind  and  wave,  but  was  con- 
trolled by  one  head,  the  best  in  Canada.  By  adding  some 
precautions  against  the  Iroquois,  easily  adopted,  it  would 
infallibly  have  succeeded  ;  but,  in  the  way  that  things 
were  arranged,  it  required  a  kind  of  miracle  to  attain  the 
end  in  view. 

Not  but  that  the  measures  were  well  concerted  on  the 
part  of  the  king  and  his  minister ;  but  the  slightest  fault 


'  Inptructions  for  the  Invnsion  of    pp.  4'3.2-(i;  raiiiulR  Doc.,I.,  iv.,  p.  l!J,-<, 
New  York.     X.  Y.   Col.    l>oc.,  ix..    ( t  f-cfi. 


1 


# 


niSTouy  OF  new  fraxck.  27 

in  the  cxocution  of  a  siiifrlo  articlo  was  ononc^'li  to  doraiif,'e  1689. 
the  whole,  and  scvoral  wore  oonjinitted.  Tlio  iirst  was  the  — -""^ 
ueglip;ence  of  those  to  wliom  the  equipment  of  the  sliips 
was  confldcil.  "The  ropiiirs  of  the  frif,'ate  Emhnscado," 
says  Mr.  (\(>  Callicrcs  in  one  of  liis  letters,  "  whieli  detained 
us  twi  nty-sevcn  (hiys  at  Eoelielle,  caused  this  dehij,  M'ith 
tlie  necessity  of  escorting  merchantmen,  generally  lioavily 
laden  and  poor  sailers." 

The  result  was  that  not  till  the  12th  of  September  could 
Mr.  de  Frontenao  reach  Chedabouctou,  which  had  been 
assigiH'd  as  a  rendezvous  for  the  v  .els;  and  the  mer- 
chantmen, which  had  been  separated  from  him  for  a  week 
by  the  constant  fogs  on  the  Great  Bank  of  Newfoundland, 
did  not  rejoin  him  till  tlio  18th.  Tiio  next  day  lie  left  the 
Embuscade,  on  which  he  had  sailed  thus  far,  and  embarked 
on  the  Saint  Francis  Xavier,  after  arranging  with  Mr.  do 
la  Caffiniore  what  it  was  prudent  to  do  at  so  advanced  a 
season.  The  instructions  M-hich  he  left  him  prove  that,  if 
he  did  not  yet  renounce  the  New  York  expedition,  he  did 
not  reckon  much  on  its  success. 

These  instructions  directed  that,  as  soon  as  he  completed    hmmc 
taking  in  wood  and  water,  ho  should  sail  in  the  Fourgon  ",o"M,-'de" 
to  escort  the  Union  to  Port  Puiyal,  where  that  ship  was  to  j!^!:^,^ 
discharge!   ammunition   and   provisi<ms ;    that   he   should  i.>'o,'",^ '''^. 
carry  oti'  all  the  English   vessels  he  mi-ht  meet  on  his 
way,  but  without  entering  into  any  liaz.irdous  engai^M'ment ; 
that  he  should  especially  endeav(n-  to  get  an  English  pilot, 
who  could  instruct  him  as  to  tlie  best  anchorages  from 
Bo.ston   to  Manhattan  ;  that  he  slu.uld  make  as"  short  a 
stay  as  possible  at  Port  Itoyal,  wImto  he  was  to  acquire  all 
information   nect:jsary   for   the   execution    of   his  design, 
without  disclosing  it  to  any  one  except  Mr.  de  Manneval, 
governor  of  Acadia,  giving  all  othe/s  to  understand  that 
he  had  orders  only  to  cruise  oil"  th<>  coast  and  prevent  the 
enemy  from  continuing  thi'ir  rava-'-es. 

That  he  should  then  sail  straight  for  Manhattan  ;  and  if 
he  should  reach  the  bay  before  tin;  iirst  of  November,  ho 


28 


IllS'lOliV    Ol'    NI'AV    F1{.\N("K 


1689. 


Mr.  (le 
Froiitunau 
ariivcs  at 
Montreal. 


!'l 


W!is  not  to  ap]M'na('li  witliiii  siylit  of  the  city  or  fort,  Init 
slionld  luild  himself  at  some  ^'ooil  iinchonigci  till  the  15th 
of  the  sauK!  month,  and  cnnploy  the  interval  in  all  matters 
relatinp;  to  hi.s  landinj.,';  that  lie  should  then  without  liesi- 
tation  show  himself,  but  keep  out  of  gunshot,  i'>retending 
to  be  there  only  to  cruise  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbor,  in 
order  to  ])revent  any  thing  from  going  in  or  out.  That  if, 
after  waiting  till  the  10th  of  December,  he  received  no 
intelligence  from  him,  he  nn'ght  sail  back  to  Franco ;  but 
that  as  he  passed  Port  Royal  he  shouhl  hmd  all  the  ammu- 
nition and  supplies  intended  for  the  land  forces,  and  shut 
them  up  in  the  storehouses,  so  tliat  they  could  be  found 
there  the  following  year,  should  they  be  disposed  to  make 
another  attempt  for  the  conqnest  of  New  York.' 

This  was  the  course  adopted  by  Mr.  de  la  Caffiniere  :  he 
made  several  cajjtures  before  reaching  Port  Iloyal,  and 
some  subsequently  ;M)ut  to  all  apj)earanco  head  whuls 
prevented  his  entenng  that  port,  eitlior  on  his  way  to 
Manhattan  or  back,  for  we  shall  soon  see  that  place  in 
great  want  of  all  that  that  officer  had  orders  to  leave  there. 
Mr.  de  Frcutenac,  on  his  side,  left  Chedabouctou  on  the 
19th  of  Sejitember,  with  all  the  vessels  intended  for  (Que- 
bec, and  did  not  reach  Isle  Percee  till  the  25th.  He  would 
not  anchor,  contentijig  himself  Avith  lying  to  in  sight  of  the 
settlement. 

The  IlecoUect  Fathers  immediately  came  on  board,  and 
from  them  he  learned  that  New  France  was  in  great  con- 
sternation, caused  by  an  irruption  of  tlic  Iroquois  into  the 
island  of  Montreal.'  This  intelligence,  of  which  they  could 
not  give  him  the  details,  made  him  eagerly  seek  an  oppor- 
tunity to  send  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  on  in  advance, 
according  to  the  orders  which  he  had  received  from  the 
king  ;  but  he  could  find  none.     They  accordingly  continued 


'  Frontenac  to  Seignolav.   Canada  Port   Koyal.     Canada   Doc,   II.,   v., 

Doc  ,  IF.,  v..  )).  ;17.  ]).  '.JO. 

'•'  H(>  took  fiix  Knglis-b  kctclics  and  "  Ciuiiida  Dociiinouts,  II.,  v.,  p.  ;!'J. 
a  brigantino  betwcun  Caufcau   and 


1 


IJ 


SI 


IIISTOin'   OK   NKW    FIIANCF. 


29 


tlioir  route  tof^'i'tlier,  luul  uiK-lionul  ofV  Quebec  on  tlie  12th      1689. 

of  Oetober;'   tliey  left  it  on   the  'iOtli,  luul  on  the  27tli    ^' 

reiichoil  Montival.  Tliem  they  found  ^h:  de  DenonviUe 
and  ^Ir.  de  Cli;ini[)iKny  in  tlie  ^'I'eiitest  perplexity  that  can 
he  exiir  sised,  lUid  tliis  was  tiie  eaus(>. 

Ou  the  25th   of  Au!,'ust,'' at  the  time   when  tlie  Freiieh    imiptioii 
deemed  themselves   in  the  ^veateht  .seeurity,  fifteen  hun-    iro.iuoU 
died  Iroquois  made  a  descent  l)ef(n'e  day  on  the  ipuvrter    iJJundof 
of  La  Chine,'  wliieh  is  on  the  south   side  of  the  island,   frwuu^ 
about  three  l.-a^aies  abov  tlie  city.     They  fouial  all  the  l';;!'^;.;.';,\';"^ 
peoi)lo  asleep,  and  be^'an  l)y  massacring'  tlie   men  ;  tlieu 
they  set  fire  to  the  luuises.'     By  this  means,  all  who  had 
remained  in  tliem  fell  into  the  hands  of  these  Indians,  and 
experienced  wjiatever  fuiy  can  suj^gest  to  sava<<es.     They 
carried  their  fury  even  to  excesses  of  wliicli  they  had  not 
been  deemed  capable.   They  opened  tlie  bodies  of  pregnant 
women,  to  tear  out  the  fruit  tliey  liore;  they  put  cliildreii 
alivo  on  the  spit,  and  forced  tlie  motliers  to  turn  and  roast 
them.'     They  hivented  a  number  of  other  unheard-of  tor- 
tures ;  and  thus,  in  less  than  an  hour,  two  hundred  per- 
sons, of  every  age  and  both  sexes,  perished  in  \ho.  most 
frightful  tortures." 

This  done,  tlie  enemy  approaclied  within  a  league  of  the 
city,  everywhere  committing  tlie  same  ravages  and  \>vv- 
potratiug  the  same  cruelties  ;  and,  when  weary  of  these 

'  Kronlcnai'  (X.Y.  dil.  U'lC,  ix..  p.  l-ouin  at  nifibt,  diiiiiitf  a  stvi.To  hail 

43")).  l^a  llcmtiiii  (VDVagi'S,  i.,  \t.  l!)'^),  Htonu. 
say  Oc'tobiT  l.'i,  at  S  i:  M.  ^  lieiuy,  Ciin'  of   La   Chini!,  says 

'  Th(' ObsiTvutiiinsmi  tlio  State  of  only    two    hoiisce,    M.     liourgory's 

Affairs  (\.  Y.  C'(j1.  Doc,  ix.,  |>.  4:!1)  ami   oni'   wh.rc   hi;   said   luuf-s.   fs- 

gays  Au.ijii.'-t  .1,  N.  S.    Cliamiii'^ny's  caiiwl. 

Letter.   November   1(1   (ib..    ji,  -V.ir,)        '  Frontenac's  (bspateh.  November 

says  tho  same,     t'olilen  (History  ot  lo-     N.  Y.  Col.  Doe.,  is.,  p.  43."). 
the  Fivo  Nat)  lis,  p.  11.")  ami  t^mith         "  Deliuont   (Ili.stoire   dii    •'aiiada. 

(Hi«tory  of  New   York.  I>.   ",)  ;,'ive  p.  oOl,  writiilj;  on  the  spot,  gives  a 

July  ','1!,  <).  S.  list,  but  no  exact  niiiiilier  of  killed, 

■'  For  the  origin  of  this  place,  see  Frontenac.'s  despatch,  November  \2, 

Vol.   III.,   ante,    p.    Vii.      IJelmont  says  500  killed,  U'O carried  off.    N.  Y. 

(Histoire  du  Canada,  p.  20)  says  1400  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  43.').     De  Callieres 

Iroiiuois.      They   passed    Lake    St.  (ib.,  p.  429)  mya  l.JO  killed. 


80 


HISTORY  OF  NKVV  FRANCE. 


1689.  horrors,  tlipy  took  t^vo  linndrcd  jirisonors,  whom  tlioy 
^^-<— ^  I'lirrit'il  ofl"  to  their  vill;it,'i's  ami  Imriicd.'  At  thn  first 
tidiii^^a  of  this  tra;.,Mc  iill'iiir,  Driioiivillc,  who  was  nt  Mout- 
niil,  orderi'd  In  Kobcyro,  11  licutniimt  iu  tho  iiriiiy,  to 
tlirow  liiniself  into  a  fort"  wliich  lie  feared  tlio  eiKMiiy 
wouhi  carry.  That  olliccr  had  scarei'ly  entercHl  it,  liet'ore 
it  was  invested  l>y  a  body  of  Inxjuois,  nj^ainst  whom  ho 
lonj^  held  out  with  grtvvt  valor  ;  but  his  soldiers,  who  fouj,'ht 
with  desperation,  havinj^  been  killed  to  a  man,  and  ho 
himself  severely  wounded,  the  assailants  entered  the  fort 
and  took  him  prisoner.' 

Then  tho  whole  island  remained  a  Jiroy  to  the  victors, 
who  overran  tho  greatest  }iart  of  it,  leaving  cverywhoro 
bloody  traces  of  their  fury,  Mliich  tho  French  were  not 
able  to  oppose.  It  lasted  till  the  middle  of  October;  and 
as  nothing  was  then  heard  of  them,  the  General  sent  tho 
Sieurs  du  Luth  and  Mantet '  to  the  Lake   of  the   Two 


'  Cnniidft  DriouTucnls,  H.,  v.,  p.  -IS. 
Bclniniit  Nnys  !I0  carrii'd  (iff. 

'•'  Fort  Koluml.  ()l)8frvntiiin«  on 
tlicStutf  of  AtliiirH,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  p.  4:il ;  Ciiniidn  Doc,  II.,  v  .  IS. 
TIm;  ofllccr  is  styled  tlnTi' Hnlu'Viv. 
A  liii'iit.  Sitrns  La  Hiilnllc  in  N.  Y. 
I'oc  II.  i..  p.  1  ;ii/.  I.ii  Iloiitiin  writes  la 
liiilierri'.  Frrliind  (ii..  p.  In.Ii,  dc  la 
Hobi'slc.  Holnioiit  (Ilistoiru  du  Can- 
ada, p.  JJOj  ci'iisuri'sVaudrcuil  for  not 
cutting  off  a  nunilicr  wlioni  hv  found 
drunk,  and  ri'M:uiu;;  iln-  prisoners. 
lie  docs  not  nienticju  tlii'  capture  of 
Fort  Roland,  l)ut  says  that  (  uptain 
I/Arabelle  and  some  Indians,  sent 
to  reinforce  Vaudreuil,  Au<;iis;  .^, 
wen;  cut  to  ]iieoeH,  and  L'Ariibelle, 
Lu  IMante,  and  Villeileun.'  taken. 

•■  l,a  llontan  says  do  Longueil, 
tli(^  commander  of  the  detachment, 
thcmgh  wounded,  was  rescued  liy  the 
French  Indians  ;  the  other  officers, 
la  Kaberre,  St.  Pierro  Denis,  la 
Plnnte,  and    Villedene,    taken.     lie 


makes  the  detachment  ll)0  French 
and  .')0  Indians.  The  Observations 
on  the  State  of  Affairs  only  SO  men. 
Lerifre  de  la  I'lante  was  rescued  only 
in  U\{\2.  Ferland,  ii.,  p.  '-'l:!.  On 
the  masfracre  of  La  Chine,  see  also 
La  llonlan.  Voyages,  i.,  p.  l!i:j;  I'e 
la  Potherie,  Ilistoire  de  I'Ann'riipie 
S('pt.,  ii.,  p.  ',':.'!>.  Colden  (History  of 
the  Five  Nations,  \>.  115),  followed 
by  Smith  (History  of  Xew  Y'ork, 
1>.  oT),  makes  the  French  loss  just 
10(10  killed,  'JO  carried  off  captive. 
Till'  Iroipiois  les-i. :', I  A  cotem|>orary 
authority,  however.  Col.  N.  ]?ayaril, 
September  2:1,  lOHD  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc. 
iii.,  p.  Oil),  says:  "They  killed  and 
to<)k  jirisoners  some  say  ilOO,  some 
ion,  whereof  they  hroufrht  about  loU 
to  their  castles." 

'  Canada  Documents.  II.,  v.,  ji.  AH. 
Daniel  Greysolon  du  Luth  was  a 
brother-iu-law  of  Mr.  de  Lusifrny,  an 
oflicer  in  the  Count  de  Frontenac's 
(Tuaids,  ."xud  was  at  the  head  of  Cou 


ll[STOHY  OF  NKW    FRANCE 


81 


>ronnt(iiiis,  (o  iiKikc  sure  nf  tlic  ciifiiiv's  r('tr(\'it,  in  (irdor     ^^>^9- 

{()  lie  iilil.'  to  give  so.Mif  rest  to  the  troops,  who  lijid  liccii  ""^'^ 

for  luoro  tliiiii  two  iiiontlis  niul.T  iiriiis  ni^'ht  tuid  tliiv. 
Those  two  otUrers  iiicl  twciity-two  Irot|iU)is  in  two  canoos, 
who  with  ^'veiit  h:uif^'htiii.'ss  udviiiicctl  to  attack  tlioni. 
Thf'V  rcftMvcd  tlicir  (irst  fiic  witliout  ii  shot,  then  closcil 
with  them  iind  killt^l  oi^ditoon.  Of  tli((  four  survivors,  oiio 
(srfi])i!d  hy  swiiuiriin;,',  the  three  others  wore  taken  and 
given  up  to  tlie  tires  of  our  Indians.' 

It  was  in  such  sail   ciivunistiinceH  that   Messieurs   (hi   I'n.jcii  nf 
Frontenac  and  de  ('.•dlieres  reached  Montreal  on  the  22d    in'S,. 
of  Noveiulter.     One  of  our  Indi.uis  captured  at  the  rout 
at  La  Chine,  wlio  eseiii)ed  after  h.avin^'  his  nails  plucked 
out  and  tin^'ers  gnawed  or  burnt,  oanio  to  hoo  the  generals. 


if 


rein's  (li!  Bois,  iiiulcr  tlif  pniiii'tion 
nf  tlmt  governor.  Hcsectil^  to  have 
lioi'ii  till!  iiirlieHt  exploriT  of  Miiinu- 
Bota,  mill  till'  first  to  Imild  a  [lost 
lii'yniul  I/ike  Sii]Mrior.  lit-  rcHnieil 
Ilcnnopin  from  llic  Sioiis,  Uv  for- 
tiled  Ditmit.  was  in  IVncinville  h 
Lxpedition  after  capturing  Me(ire;r- 
ory,  wan  tlien  coiuinnndnient  ol  Fort 
Fiontenac.  tie  died  in  tlie  winter 
of  lTO'J-10. 

Do  Afantelit  Ih  railed  in  Ferland 
(Cours  d'Histoire.  ii.,  p.  Isd),  Le 
(iiirdinir  (ie  .Miintct ;  )jut  if  wus  ap- 
par.  iitly  Nic'liolaw  Daillel)otiRt,  Sieur 
do  Mantel,  fiftli  son  of  Cliarlesd'Aille. 
i)ou.st,  Sieur  des  Musseaiix.  llu  was 
born  in  KHi^  (Dniuel,  line  Page  de 
Notre  Ilistoire,  p.  -.'OTi.  and  was 
lulled  at  Iludson'.s  liny  in  ]7(j;i 
\Cliarlevoix.  Histoir.-  rle  la  Nouvelle 
France,  ii.,  p.  y^O),  after  serving  in 
de  la  Barros  exi)i'(liiion  ag;iiii-.t 
Schenectady,  and  in  the  West.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  pp.  vy.j,  -|:;."i,  .(flO,  &e. 

'  Frontenac  and  Chunipi^ny,  N.  V. 
Col.  D(jc,,  is.,  p.  4:i.j.  Canada  Doc, 
II.,  v.,  p.  4H.  Belmont  (Ilistoire  dii 
Canada,  p.  31)  gays  oniy  two  were 


taken.  [Ie  gives  as  the  date  Octo- 
ber Hi,  and  enlogi/cH  Dii  I, nth 
gri'atly. 

There  is  little  doubt  aa  to  the 
complicity  of  the  New  Yorkers  i:i 
the  Laclune  mas.sacre.  War  was 
deehire<l  by  them  .May  7,  ItiSl).  A 
conference  was  held  wltli  the  Iro- 
ipmLs,  June  9.7,  ULSO.  Coldrns  Five 
Nations  (174:),  p.  !li).  After  it,  in 
anoth.M-  conference  in  September, 
they  were  conirratulated  for  their 
success,  ami  urged  to  continue  (ib., 
p  10-.';  Milet.  Helation.  p.  45).  Phil 
lips  and  Van  Cortland  (Letter,  Au- 
gust \  lliSOi  say:  "Tlie  Cantons 
Indians  Nations  uliovo  Albany,  hear 
ing  of  a  wurr  between  England  and 
France,  are  gone  to  figlit  the  inhab- 
itants of  Canada."  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
iii.,  p.  <10.^.  Van  Cortland  (il).,  p.  (ioll) 
says.  August  5,  "the  Indians  are 
gone  about  a  montli  agoe  to  fight 
the  inliabitants  of  Canida."  It  was 
iippareiitly  instigated  (see  p.  01,))  so 
as  to  make  peace  l)etween  them  and 
the  French  imjiosBiljlo,  ami  thus 
save  New  Y'ork  from  "  lutermost 
ruyne."   See  too  Doc.  Hist.,  ii.,  p.  4y. 


89 


IIISTOUY   OK  NRW   KUAN<'13. 


1689. 


Nfr.  (W 
D'tiriiivlMi 

mill 

(  llillll|ii>;l.v 

decide    Id 

al>;ilid(ili 

C'al;in)(Miiv 


Ho  told  tlu'iii  thai,  it  had  l)0(<n  tlio  ori^iinal  intoution  of  tho 
li(H[iU)is  to  (M)iiit>  down  l)y  thti  Rivor  dea  I'mirics,'  which 
scpiwati'H  Moiilri'ul  Islaiiil  from  I-*li>  .Tfsiis  ;  to  li('f;iii  (ht<ir 
attack  l)_v  thi'  eastern  fxtrcinity  of  the  fornuu',  to  rava^'u  it 
(•iini|)l(!t('ly,  advanciiij,'  wtslwaid,  and  not  to  loavo  u  Hiiif^'lu 
Fronchnian  th(!i'o  ;  he  did  not  iuiow  wiiat  liad  prnvontfid 
tJH'ir  oanyinj^  out  tliis  |plan,  l)ut  tliat  they  woro  soou  to 
return,  to  complete  duiinf^  the  winter  what  they  had 
he^un  ;  that  then  they  projjosed  to  uiaUt!  tliemselvcs  nnis- 
tern  of  the  town  in  the  sprin;^',  and  were  to  be  joined  hy 
a  ^Tcat  number  of  l'ji;^li.sh  and  Mohej^ans ;  that  they 
intended  tlieneu  to  j,'o  down  to  Three  Iliveis,  tlieii  descend 
to  (Juebee,  where  tlu'V  expeetcl  to  tiud  an  Enj;lish  lleot, 
and  they  tlattered  themselves  tiiat  at  tho  end  of  that 
canipaif^n  there  would  bo  uo  French  left  iu  Canada. 

Mr.  do  Frontenac  then  saw  how  im|)ortant  it  would 
have  been  for  him  to  have  arrived  tiireo  months  ear- 
lier; because,  ev(;n  had  ho  not  reduced  Now  York,  he 
would  at  least  have  ])reventi'd  what  hud  happened,  by 
puttiufj;  tho  Irocpiois  and  Eu^disli  on  tho  defensive.  To 
crown  his  chai^rin,  he  hvirned  that,  in  all  probability,  Fort 
Cataroe(niy  was  evacuated  and  ruined.  In  fact,  -Mr.  de 
Donouvillo  had  sent  orders'  to  Mr.  de  Valroiuies,  who 
commanded  that  post,  to  abandon  it,  after  blowing  u[)  the 
fortidcations  and  burning,'  tho  stores  that  ho  could  not 
remove,  provided  no  convoy  riMiched  him  before  the  mouth 
of  November.  This  information  was  the  more  surprising; 
to  the  now  governor  as  Denonville  had  given  these  ordorH 
without  awaiting  the  king's  directions  on  tho  subject, 
which  he  had  actually  solicited  himself;  and  that  he  had 
adopted  the  course  after  the  Inxiuois  had  insolently  told 
them  that  thoy  wished  him  to  demolish  that  fort. 

As  he  complained  greatly  of  this  step,  both  de  Dl'uou- 
villo   and  de  Champigny  represented  to  him   that  Fort 


^f 


^^ 


'  Can.ida  Docuuientfi,  II.,  v.,  p.  JiO.     pi-'ntigny.      La    Ilontan,    Voyages, 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 'x.,  p. -l;!0.  i.,    p.    l!l.");    N.   Y.   Tol.    Pop.,    ix., 

'  By  the  Sieur  St.  Piorru  de  Hi--     p.  'IMU. 


iiisToitY  OK  \i;\v  ri;,\N('i; 


58 


f 


Ciitnrocouy  whh  Hitunti'd  ut  flic  Ik  ad  of  n  l»ay,  iiiul,  occu- 
l>viiij{  IK)  ])iiHHii^,'r,  was  of  vcrv  liiiiitcil  utility;  tlidt  .siip- 
piii's  <'(»nM  l)t'  scut  there  only  at  lieavy  expense;  that 
even  firewooil  iiad  to  l)e  sent  up,  lis  t  le  Liiu'vison  could  not 
be  sulHcicntly  liu|,'e  to  ^,'o  and  cut  womI  in  the  forest,  with- 
out licinj,'  exposed  to  Irocpiois  ainbnsciide.s ;  and  that 
incri'asini,'  the  garrison  would  entai!  the  stripping'  of  tho 
iMust  necessary  ))osts.'  These  reasons  wen;  at  least  sjie- 
fious  ;  but  Connt  de  Frontenac  was  not  easily  persuaded 
wiu'U  the  nnitter  projiosed  was  not  to  his  taste.  More- 
ovor,  Fort  Cntarocouy  was  ids  work,  and  boro  his  name. 

In  truth,  an  advanced  jiost  on  that  side  was  a  ^,'r(Mit 
eonveinenc(!,  and  it  disj)leased  the  Tnxiuois  (»nly  because 
it  hampered  them  ;  but  I  have  already  reiiiarkid  that  it 
would  have  l)een  much  more  advantftgeous  to  place  it  at 
la  (taletto.  It  would  be  twenty  leagues  nearer  to  Mont- 
real :  a  road  could  be  opened  to  revictual  it  at  anv  time  ; 
with  cannon  the  Irocpiois  could  be  prevented  from  passing 
the  river  at  that  point.  Still,  Fort  Catarououy,  without 
possessing  all  these  advantages,  had  enough  to  out  weigii 
the  inconvenience  exjjerieneed  in  maintaining  it,  nor 
should  it  have  been  abandoned  till  a  more  udvantageous 
one  was  constructed. 

On  tho  other  hand,  several  persons  to  wjiom  the  Crov- 
eiiior  General  wished  well  were  greatly  interested  in  its 
preservation;  it  was  very  convenient  for  their  trad(>,  often 
conducted  to  the  prejudice  of  the  pulilic  good;  nor  had 
this  reason  been  one  of  tho  least  iniluential  in  inducing  do 
Dcuouvillo  and  do  Champigny  to  let  it  fall ;  biit  the  for- 
mer, whom  the  king  had  api)ointi>d  .Sub-g(jvornor  of  tho 
Princes  of  France,  had  resigned  ail  authority  to  his  succes- 
sor, and  in  the  aftair  in  question  confined  himself  to  .simple 
representations,  which  the  Intondant  supported  as  Mell  us 
ho  could. 

Count  de  Frontenac  i)aid  no  regard  to  them  ;  and  as  by 


16H9. 


KroIllrllili'H 

ri'ii^iiiis  liir 

iiiaiiiliiiii 

Itit:  tliitt 

pl'St. 


V,ii,.  IV.. 


'  X.  \.r„\.  !),„■.,  ,x..  p. -ICJ. 


V 


■'"  I 


i  I 


Ir' 
■ 


lti8 

CMiriialcd. 


34  iiis'i'oiiv  or  Ni;\v  fiiaxck 

16S9.     ono  clause  of  Mr.  do  Di'nonvillo's  letter  to  the  Sionr  do 

■'^"^  Vidronnos  tluit  conniiiuidiint  \v;w   iiutliorizod  to  wait   till 

^riiit  |ii('>-  tlio  (Mid  ot  _N()veiiilier    lu'lVn'i^  evacuating  Ciitarocouv,  the 

anitiiiiis  to  1  T  1         •  •  1  *i      1 

rivutuai  it.  new  i^overnor  lioped  to  ho  m  tnuo  to  countonnand  the 
order,  and  send  ti  convoy  snfliciont  to  enable  him  to  hold 
ont  in  the  fort.'  Ho  aceordinij;ly  fitted  out  25  canoes  with 
all  celerity,  added  a  di'taehineut"  which  his  jire(UH'essi)r 
had  collected  to  facilitate  the  retreat  of  the  f^arrison,  and 
p;avo  tlioin  an  escort  of  three  huiidrcMl  men,  French  and 
Indians,  chiefly  Irocjuois  of  Sault  St.  Louis  and  of  the 
Afountain,  who,  seeiii.t,'  tlieniselves  no  lonp;er  safe  in  tli(>ir 
villaL,'es,  had  taken  refuge  in  Montreal. 

He  had  another  view,  also,  in  sending  out  this  large 
detaclunout ;  ho  had  broiTght  back  from  France  tho  Iro- 
i|uois  who  had  been  condemned  to  the  galleys,  and  wished 
to  send  some  of  them  to  their  cantons,  there  to  announce 
the  return  of  all  tho  others,  and  Tiotify  tho  cantons  to  send 
for  them.  But,  with  all  tho  expedition  that  ho  could  eni- 
ploj-,  his  convoy  could  not  be  got  ready  till  tho  Gth  of 
November;'  and  ho  had  not  returned  to  Montreal  two 
hours,  after  conducting  it  in  person  as  far  as  Lachine, 
before  the  Sieur  do  Valrennos  arrived  with  his  garrison, 
composed  of  forty-ilve  men,  having  lost  six,  drowned  while 
shooting  a  rapid." 

He  had  burned  or  thrown  into  the  water  all  the  stores 
and  ammunition  that  could  encundier  his  march,  sunk  in 
the  harbor  three  barks  wliieli  he  had  left,  with  their  an- 
cliors  and  iron  cannon,  transportcnl  tho  bronze  pieces  as 
far  as  Lake  St.  Francis,  where  he  had  concealed  them ;  he 
had  mined  the  bastions,  walls  cf  tho  fort,  and  towers,  and 
put  in  several  places  slow  matchiss,  lighted  at  one  end;" 
and  as  some  three  or  four  hours  after  their  departure  he 


>«: 


'  Camula  Doc,  II.,  v.,  p.  li.*).  '  \.  Y.  Co!,  Hoc  ,  ix.,  p.  i:)"  ;  Cau- 

''  Ciuiiida  Doc,  II ,  v..  ji.  14.  iidii  Doc,  11..  v.,  ji.  1."). 

'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  1).  1:1T  :  Can-         '  (.'luiiulii  Doc  ,  II,.  v.,  p.  l."). 
iviki  Doc,  II,,  v.,  p.  44.  '  Ciiniiila-  Doc,   II.,  v.,  p.    t.5  ;    La 

Uniiiiiii,  VovafTos,  i.,  p.  VXt. 


IllHTOin-    OK   NKW    I'liANCK,  35 

hiid  lu'iu-d  a  «rcat  noiso,  lit)  luul  uo  doubt  it  was  eiithvly  16S9. 
blown  lip.  Tho  vexation  cxperieacoa  by  tlio  now  gov-  ' 
ernor,  on  Kceini,'  his  preparations  frustratea,  may  b(3  con- 
ceived from  the  reasons  which,  as  explained,  he  had  for 
interesting  himself  in  the  preservation  of  Fort  Catarocouy, 
and  by  tho  vivacity  which  ho  displayed  on  the  subject. 
His  only  consolation  was  tho  hope  of  restoring  it,  as  he 
did  soon  after.' 

Tho  conquest  of  Now  York  ho  had  also  extremely  at  >^'^v^- 
heart,  and  the  Chevalier  do  Callieres,  who  had  succeeded  '-^^^^^^ 
in  inducing  the  Martpiis  do  Denonville  to  favor  it,  wrote  '  ' 
in  these  terms  to  the  Martinis  do  Seignelay  :  "  Mr.  do  De- 
nonville will  tell  you,  MtMisoigneur,  how  important  it  is  for 
tho  king  to  mako  himself  master  of  Now  York,  and  antici- 
pate tho  English  in  their  project  of  ruining  this  country  by 
means  of  tho  Iroquois,  with  whom  he  must  not  hope  to 
mako  peaco  by  ways  of  negotiation,  so  long  as  wo  arc  at 
war  with  tho  former.  If  we  remain  on  the  defensive,  tho 
ruin  of  this  colony  is  inevitable  ;  these  Indians  will  con- 
tinue their  inroads,  burn  and  pillage  every  thing,  without 
our  being  able  to  oppose  tliem,  were  there  even  twice  as 
many  more  troops  in  tho  country  ;  but  by  taking  New 
York,  we  compel  them  to  ask  peaco  on  such  conditions  as 
we  choose  to  impose. 

"  This  expedition  may  take  place  before  or  after  harvest, 
and  there  are  two  v/ays  of  carrying  it  out.  Tho  surest  is 
to  attack  Manhattan  with  six  ships,  carrying  an  army  of 
1200  men,  while  the  Canadian  troops  attack  Orange  (Al- 
bany) by  land.  The  other  moans  is  less  expensive  ;  it 
consists  in  sending  to  Canada  30U  recruits,  who,  with  a 

'  Tho  Iroquois,  according  to  Mili-t,  uation.      Tlioy    fouiul    consiilt-nvhln 

were  told  by  the  Oovonior  of  New  iirovisious   tluTf.      Milct,    Kolaliim, 

York,   in   a  coutcroucc  iit   Allmny,  p.  4").    SmitU'rt  History  of  Ni-w  York, 

that  lio  almndoncd  Fort  Froiiii-iiuc  p.  oT.     By  this  scai.ii  for  any  tiling 

to  thcui.  and  that  they  could  easily  tlioy  coidd  liiid  in  the  ruins,  "  tho 

tako  it,  as  the  garrison  were  dying  Indians,'  says  Sniitli  (p.  1:1S),  "  ac- 

of  hunger.     The   Iroiiuois  did  not  iiuiri'd  a  title  either  by  comiucst  or 

arrive,  however,  till  after  the  evac-  dereliction." 


)   : 


36 


IIISI'OHV    OF   \K\V    FRAXCK 


1689. 


sl 


What  pre- 
vcntcd  its 

tiikiiit; 

eff'jct. 


Iberville's 

expedition 

to  the 

uortli  of 

Canada. 


like  immber  of  old  soldiers,  will  bo  stationed  to  guard  tho 
principal  post?  in  tho  country,  while  a  force  of  1000  royal 
troops  and  3  or  400  colonists  are  sent  to  lay  siege  to 
Orange  (Albany).  That  town  ttiken,  a  good  garrison  will 
be  loft  there,  and  our  forces  will  push  on  to  attack  Man- 
hattan (New  York) ;  but  to  succeed  in  this  second  siege,  it 
is  necessary  to  have  two  frigates,  which  can  land  300  men 
to  replace  those  left  at  Orange  and  to  guard  tho  canoes. 
These  two  frigates  should  be  sent  in  March  to  Port  Royal, 
and  at  the  same  time  provision  should  be  made  for  tht; 
safety  of  that  post,  exposed  to  be  carried  by  the  English 
from  Boston  ;  and  a  frigate  to  Quebec  to  conroy  his  maj- 
esty's orders,  the  300  recruits,  flour,  and  other  necessary 
provisions." ' 

The  minister  could  not  but  regard  with  favor  this  project 
of  the  Governor  of  Montreal,  whom  he  knew  to  bo  one  of 
tho  Colonial  ofHcers  Avho  planned  most  wisely,  and  was 
able  to  carry  out  any  thing  confided  to  him  ;  but  while 
they  were  busy  in  Canada  seeking  moans  to  make  con- 
quests from  tho  English,  tidings  came  tluit  the  English  on 
their  side  were  taking  measures  to  seize  Canada.  Perhaps 
with  greater  diligence  they  might  ha>e  been  anticipated, 
but  there  was  no  time  left  when  information  came  of  their 
design.  Once  more,  therefore,  was  it  necessary  to  re- 
nounce a  conquest  necessary  to  tho  tranquillity  of  New 
France  in  order  to  meet  an  enemy  who  had  made  the  first 
move,  and  who  had  this  advantage  over  us,  that  he  could 
raise  in  America  sufficient  forces  to  crush  us.  Fortunately 
for  us,  these  were  not  put  in  good  hands. 

The  campaign  of  IfiS'J  had  not,  however,  been  unsuccess- 
ful in  all  parts  of  New  France.  "While  the  Iroquois  were 
carrying  their  ravages  to  the  very  heart  of  the  colony, 
d'Ibervillo  and  his  brothers  were  sustaining  in  the  north 
the  honor  of  the  French  arms,  and  our  brave  Abenaquis 


'i 


f'k 


."* 


vr- 


'  Seo  plan.    N.  Y.  CM,  Doc,  is.,    York,  jip.  04-5.   For  New  York  about 
pp.  428-4n0;  Smith,  History  ot'New     tliislinie.sre.Miller'sXcw  Vork.ioyr). 


1 


HISTOUV  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


:^7 


1  tlio 
roj'iil 
jc  to 
I  will 
Mau- 
?e,  it 
nioii 
ioes. 
ayal, 

f  tlu! 

,'lisli 

llUlj- 

sary 

)ject 

0  of 
was 
■liilo 

20U- 

1  on 
laps 
ted, 
beii' 

re- 
s^ew 
irst 
.ukl 
toly 

3SS- 

Gi'e 

"V, 

rth 
nis 


lOllt 


avenged  us,  at  the  expeuso  of  the  Euglish,  for  all  the     1689. 
injuiy  that  their  allies  had  done  us  at  their  instigation.         "— y^ 

In  the  first  days  of  May,  information  readied  Quebec 
through  two  Canadians,  who  had  sot  out  on  the  5th  of 
January,  in  snowshocs,  from  Fort  St.  Louis,  at  the  head 
of  Hudson's  Bay,  that  d'lherville  had  arrived  there  in  the 
month  of  October  previous  ;  that  la  Ferte,  his  lieutenant, 
having,  30  leagues  from  Port  Nelson,  met  the  Governor  of 
New  Savannah,  a  place  situated  on  the  western  shore  of 
the  bay,'  had  taken  him  prisoner,  seized  his  papers,  and 
found  among  them  letters  from  the  directors  of  the  London 
Company,  containing  orders  to  proclaim  the  Prince  and 
Princess  of  Orange,  king  and  queen  of  Great  Britain,  in 
the  bay,  which,  this  company  pretended,  belonged  wholly 
to  the  English  crown." 

This  pretension,  so  at  variance  with  what  had  been 
agreed  upon  between  Louis  XIV.  and  James  II.,  was  soon 
sujiported  by  two  ships,  that  appeared  in  sight  of  Fort 
St.  Anne,^  to  which  d'Iberville  had  just  proceeded.  One 
of  these  ships  had  eighteen  giuis  and  four  ))edereros ;  the 
other  a  like  number  of  podereros  and  ten  cannon :  they 
were  both  well  loaded  with  arms,  ammunition,  and  suj)- 
plies,  and  their  crews  amounted  in  all  to  eighty-three  men, 
among  whom  there  were  eleven  pilots  of  twelve  whom  the 
English  Ailmiralty  maintained  for  Hudson's  Bay.  Nor 
did  they  flatter  themselves  with  any  thing  short  of  the 
ex])ulsion  of  the  French  from  all  the  ])osts  they  occupied. 

Yet  they  did  not  at  first  dare  to  attack  with  open  force, 
although  d'Iberville  had  but  few  men  with  him  ;  and  even 
after  the  first  hostilities,  which  were  not  to  their  ailvan- 
tage,  they  proj)osed  terms  tliat  d'Iberville  did  not  think 
it  his  duty  to  reject;  but,  as  he  knew  the  foe  with  Mliom 
he  had  to  deal,  he  kept  on  his  guard,  and  it  was  well  he 


'  Oh  the  river  Kol'iacliouc.     I)e  la  tions  at  Hiulstin's  Bay  in  1088. 
Pothoric,  !.,  ]>.  170:  or  deg  Saintra        '  Canada  Docuiufiits,  II.,  v.,  p.  5:!. 
Huilts,  il)..  101.     This  author  (units         '  Q,iichychouan.    Canada  Doc,  II., 

nil  i-ft'eronco  to  d'lliervillc's  opera-  v.,  p.  5u. 


r^a 


HISTOIJY  OF   NEW   FRANCE. 


16S9.     did.     He  was  not  loiif,'  iu  perceiving  that  the  only  object 

, of  the  English  was  to  lull  liis  suspicions,  in  onlor  to  full 

upon  him  as  soon  as  the}  saw  him  without  any  misgiving, 
and  ho  resolved  to  forestal  them.' 

To  do  so  more  securely,  he  aftected  more  than  over 
great  security ;  but  he  laid  several  ambuscades  for  the 
enemy,  into  which  they  fell.  He  thus  deprived  them  of 
twouty-one  of  their  best  men,  including  their  surgeon  and 
one  of  their  highest  officers ;  and  after  thus  weakening 
tliem,  he  summoned  them  to  surrender  as  prisoners  of  war. 
They  replied  that  they  could  not  do  so  with  honor,  being 
still  forty  capable  of  defending  themselves,  besides  the 
sick. 

On  this  repl}',  d'Ibervillo  detached  fourteen  men  under 
do  Maricourt,  his  brother,  with  orders  to  harass  the 
English,  sometimes  on  a  little  island  where  they  were 
encamped,  and  sometimes  on  their  ships,  which  were 
locked  in  the  ice.  Two  days  after  he  followed  in  person, 
and  after  cannonading  each  other  for  some  time,  without 
doing  any  considerable  damage,  d'Iberville  again  sum- 
moned the  commandant,  threatening  to  show  him  no 
quarter,  if  he  deferred  his  surrender." 
lli^ success.  J-'JiQ  Englishman  wrote  to  him  that  there  was  a  treaty 
between  the  two  crowns,''  and  that  ho  was  surprised  that 
ho  showed  so  little  regard  to  it.  D'Ibervillo  replied  that 
he  had  not  been  the  first  to  infringe  ;  that  withal  ho  insist- 
ed on  the  surrender  of  the  two  ships  and  all  their  crews. 
They  begged  a  day's  delay,  which  ho  granted.  On  the 
ex]">iration  of  the  term,  he  sent  his  interpreter  for  the 
answer,  which  was  handed  to  the  man  in  writing.  It  con- 
tained, among  other  things,  that  ho  consented  to  surrender 
the  two  ships  to  the  French  commandant,  witli  all  on 
board ;  but  that  from  this  he  should  pay  the  wages  of  tho 
officers,  amounting  to  £2,500,  and  givo  these  same  officers 


I 


!■*> 


'  ('ixnadii  Docuuii'iitii,  II.,  v.,  p.  01.        ■'  Tlin  ilesimtch  says,  "  truitc  fiitro 
''  Canada  Doc  ,  II.,  v.,  pp.  (iO-5.  eux" — " negotiations  beiwuen them.'" 


'?5 


y 


IIISI'OHY  OF  NKW   KliANCK, 


:;'.i 


wore 


:  ,1 


1* 


a  vessel,  with  all  ita  rigging,  to  carry  tliem  Avherever  tliey     1 6«9- 
cliosi!  to  go.  "^ ' 

This  was  grunted,  with,  however,  some  restriction  as  to 
the  number  of  the  Enghsh  who  should  bo  permitted  to 
foUow  their  oflicers.     All  the  otliers  remained  prisoners, 
and  d'Ibervillo  w,ts  especially  careful  to  release  none  of 
tlie  pilots.     Ii:   the  month  of  June,'  iMr.  do  Ste.  Heleno 
iiaving   come   to  join   his   two  brothers,  handed  to  Mr. 
(I'lberville  an  order  from  the  Governor  General  to  bring 
the  larger  of  his  two  prizes  to  Quel)ec.     He  obeyed,  sail- 
ing from  St.  Anno  on  the  I'ith  of  Septe.   ber  with  Ste. 
Heleno'  and  the  more  important  of  his  i)risoners,  leaving 
Maricourt,  with  thirty-six  mt^n,  to  guard  the  posts  at  the 
head  of  the  bay,  where,  to  all   appearance,  the  Enghsh 
would  soon  endeavor  to  have  their  revenge.     On  his  way, 
he  fell  in  with  an  English  ship,  bearing  young  Chouart, 
who  had  not  been  able  to  extricate  himself  from  the  hands 
of  the  English  since  the   surin-ise  of   Port   Nelson.     Ho 
longed  to  attack  this  vessel,  but  his  force  was  insufficient, 
and  he  had  prisoners  to  guard." 

In  default  of  strength,  he  had  recourse  to  stratagem  :  ho 
raised  the  English  flag,  and  the  Captain,  taking  him  for  a 
real  Englishman,  agreed  to  sail  in  company,  d'Iberville  to 
car:''y  a  light  during  the  night,  and  at  the  first  clear 
weather  they  were  to  visit  each  other.  D'Iborville's  design 
was  to  seize  the  Captain  and  the  crew  of  the  boat  that 
brought  him,  then  to  board  the  English  ship,  where  he 
hoped  to  find  little  resistance  ;  but  they  experienced  such 
severe  weather  as  far  as  the  moutli  of  Hudson's  Strait,  that 
they  had  to  separate,  without  seeing  each  other,  and 
d'Iberville  reached  Quebec  safely  on  the  25th  of  October.' 
The  cheek  received  by  tlie  English  this  same  yeax  from 
the  Canibas  wa.5  even  m<n'e  humiliating  than  the  manner 


y 


'  He  rpnclied  St.  Aiiik,'  August  15.  '  (.'luiaila  Doc,  II.,  v.,  p.  OS). 

Canada  Doc,  II.,  v.,  p.  "I'i,.  *  TIr'  ^8tli  or  2i)th,  according  to 

'  Sue.  iidk'ne  set  out  for  Montnal  Canada  Doc,  II.,  v.,  pp.  CD,  I'd.     Seu 

by  cnnoo.     Canada  Doc,  II.,  v.,  w  72.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  443. 


"» 


40 


llISTOin    <»r    NKW    KIJANf'K 


1689.     in  wliioli  tlioy  had  boon  liaiidltHl  in  Hudson's  Bay.     Tlioy 

~;;^~Y— — '  h.id  planted  tlnuasolves  in  a  placo  nauKul  Punikuit,  situated 

of  iiHf'aui-  Itt'twoen  tlie  Pontaf^oc't  river  and  tlic  Kcnnobec,  and  niado 

I'eiuqiihl.    tlicic  a  very  fine  settlement,  defended  by  a  fort^  wliicli  was, 

ind(;e(l,  only  a  stockad(>,  bnt  i[vAto.  ref,Milarly  bitilt,   with 

twenty   c.iunon   mouuted.'     From   this   point   they   were 

extremely  annoying  to  all  the  neighboring  Indians,  who 

had  always  openly  declared  for  the  Friinch,  nor  did  they 

cause  less  disquiet  to  the  Governor  of  Acadia,  who  justly 

dreaded  the  etl'ect  o>'  their  intrigues  to  detach  those  tribes 

from  our  alliance. 

At  last  a  party  of  one  hundi'ed  warriors,  chiefly  Canibas, 
took  the  field  on  the  Oth  of  August,  to  drive  the  English 
from  this  important  ]ioint,  and  rid  themselves  of  such 
unpleasant  neighbors.  They  wore  from  a  village  near 
Pentagoiit,  Avhoro  an  ecclesiastic  namtnl  Mr.  Thury,'  a  zeal- 
ous laborer  and  man  of  capacity,  directed  quite  a  ;.<unier- 


\i 


'  For  Ppinaquid,  seo  Hmij^li'sPi'in- 
n(|iiiil  Papi'i's,  in  Maine  Historical 
(oili'ctions,  vol.  v..  and  J.  W.  Thorn- 
ton's Ancient  Peniaquid.in  tlii'  same 
volume,  I'l).  i;i!(-o()l.  Tli<'  En^'lisli 
cliiini  dated  back  to  1035,  when 
Sanioset  sold  tliein  a  tMct  here. 
Thornton,  in  Hist.  Mag.,  i.,  ]).  l:5it. 
A  si'itli'nient  begpn  soon  after,  and 
Sir  William  Phipps  was  horn  here 
in  KloO-  This  portion  of  Maine 
being  embraced  in  the  Duke  of 
■^'ork's  charter,  it  lor  a  time  formed 
part  of  New  York  ;  but,  by  royal 
order  of  September  li),  KlSi),  was 
transferred  to  Massachusetts.  The 
Settlement  was  then  styleil  .James- 
town, as  the  fort  was  Fort  Charles. 
Hubbard,  in  ICiTT,  mentions  T  or  S 
considerable  dwellings.  Indian  War, 
ii..  p.  73.  Andros,  after  its  caplure, 
sjieaks  of  30  houses.  Maine  Hist. 
Coll.,  v.,  p.  ;jil4.  In  October,  108S, 
Andros  stn'ioned  two  companies 
here,  of  00  men  each,  under  Col.  E, 
Tyng  and  ('a]it.  Minot,  and  30  regu- 


lars, giving  command  to  Captain 
Urockholst  and  Lieut.  Weems.  W'ii- 
liainsou's  Maine,  i.,  p.  .'iSO.  Most  of 
these  troops  \>ero  withdrawn,  or 
deserted,  leaving  a  few  under  Lieut. 
Weeuis.  Mass.  Hecords,  vi.,  pp.  30, 
32.  Sjx'cial  instructions  were  sent 
to  him,  .July  0,  lOS!).  TIk?  Pentagol't 
("a  rapid,"  Maurault,  Hist,  des  Ab- 
nakis,  p.  ,"))  is  the  Penobscot  (Pena- 
wob.<ki't — "(Jround  covered  with 
stones"). 

•'  Hev.  Peter  'I'liurv,  born  at  Ha- 
yeux  :  ordain"!  at  (Jueliec,  Decern 
ber  31.  KiTT,  member  of  the  Senii 
nary  of  Cjueliec,  Sent  to  Acadia  in 
1()S4  (Si.  Valier,  Etat  Present.  Que- 
bec ed.,  p.  13) ;  began  mission  in  St. 
Croix  in  IO80  (lb.,  ]>.  Is);  mvited  to 
PentngoOt,  in  1087,  by  St.  Castiii. 
Ho  died  June  ;J,  10i)9.  at  Chebouc- 
tou.  Dierevillo,  Voyage  de  I'Acadie, 
l>p.  51,  17!)  ;  Travels  of  Learned 
Missionaries,  pp.  280,  IJO'J  ;  Tasche- 
reau,  Memoir  sur  I'Acadie. 


inSTORY   OF   NKW    KliANCK 


41 


oils  mission.  Tlio  first  ciiri'  of  tlicsis  bruvi*  Christians  was 
to  iissuri;  to  tliomselvos  tlio  aid  of  tlic  Lord  of  Hosts  :  nil 
confessed,  many  received  coniinnniou,  and  tlu'y  took  cari! 
that  their  wives  and  children  fnltilled  the  same  dnty,  in 
order  to  be  able  to  raise  pnrer  hands  to  heaven  while  their 
fathers  and  husbands  were  cond)attinf,'  the  heretics..  All 
this  was  done  with  a  piety  which  assured  the  missionary 
of  the  success  of  the  enterprise.  The  Perpetual  Eosary 
was  established  in  the  (Jhapel  during  the  whole  time  of  the 
expedition,  the  edifying  exercise  not  being  interrupted 
even  at  the  hours  for  meals. 

The  warriors  proceeded  along  the  coast  by  sea,  and,  on 
embarking,  sent  three  canoes  ahead  to  reconnoitre,  with 
orders  to  join  the  army  two  leagues  from  Pemkuit,  where 
they  were  to  land.  On  all  arriving  there,  they  marclu'd 
by  land  with  so  nnich  precaution  that  they  reached  the 
first  English  houses  unperceived.  On  the  road  they  took 
three  prisoners,'  from  wlioni  they  learncKl  that  there  were 
aljout  a  hundrtul  men  in  the  fort  and  village.  On  this 
intelligenct!,  they  resolved  to  begin  by  attacking  the  settle- 
ment. After  prayer,  they  stripped  for  the  fight,  and 
rushed  furiously  on  the  houses,  broke  down  the  doors,  and 
slaughtered  all  who  attempted  resistance,  binding  those 
who  laid  down  their  arms. 

At  the  first  tidings  of  this  sudden  and  unforeseen  attack, 
the  commandant  of  the  fort'  opened  fire  with  all  his  can- 
non ;  but  this  did  not  prevent  the  Canibas  from  getting 
possession  of  ten  or  twelve  well-built  stone  houses'  form- 
hig  a  street  from  the  village  scpiare  to  the  fort.  They 
then  entrenched  themselves,  partly  at  the  cellar-door  of  the 
house  next  the  fort,  and  partly  behind  a  rock  on  the  sea- 

'  One  of  these  was  a  nmn  named  Maine,  i,.  p.  G13.  A  Captain  .Tamos 
Starl?y.  WilliaiusonV  Maine,  i.,  012  ;  Weems  ajipears  livcjiiently  in  New- 
Mather's  Magu.,  hook  vii.,  p.  ().").  York  docum  .its  down  to  1721,  wlien 

■'Capt-'n  Weemii,  who  had  been  we  Pnd  him   Colonel  and  Conimis- 

Btatioued  there  liy  Andros.     He  had  sioner  ol' Indian  Affuirs. 
14  men,  says  Hutehinson,  Hist,  of        ■'  See  Hul'lwrd'a  Indian  \\ars,  ii., 

Mass.,    i.,    p,    3.r,'.       Williamson's  p.  12. 
Vol..  lV._(i 


iGf^g. 


h  1       V  > 


•i2 


IIISTIJUV    OP   NKW    FUANCK. 


Tlir\  I  like 
il. 


\Mt).     sliovd,  and  from  tlicse  two  points  kcipt  up  such  a  terrible 

^""'""^  iimskutvy  fire  on  the   fort,  tVoni  noon  till  evoninp!  of  the 

Till'  '  ° 

tiiiiinn-i  im'-  llth,  that  no  one  thirst  ap])ear  oi)enly. 

I'liiiknii.  When  night  came,  they  summoned  the  commandant  to 
surrender  the  place  ;  and  an  Enf,'lishmau  having  answei'ed 
in  derision  tliat  he  was  tired  and  was  going  to  sleep,  the 
lire  began,  as  if  by  concert,  on  both  sides;  but  the  In- 
dians, under  cover  of  tiu!  darknosa,  approached  the  fort, 
and  invested  it,  keeping  close  watch  all  night  to  prevent 
any  one  leaving  it.  The  next  day,  at  early  dawn,  the  firing 
was  I'enewed  on  both  .^idi's,  ami  was  at  first  quite  hot ;  l)ut, 
after  some  volleys,  the  English  stopi)ed  their  tire,  and  asked 
to  capitulate.  The  Indians  at  once  approached,  and  swore 
that  they  would  do  violence  to  no  one,  provided  the  garri- 
son evacuated  the  fort  immediately. 

The  commandant  a])peared  the  next  monu^nt  at  the  head 
of  fourteeu  men,  all  that  Ik;  had  left,  and  of  some  women. 
each  one  carrying  a  bundle  on  the  back.  The  Canibas  hit 
them  pass,  withtrnt  touching  any  thing,  merely  telling 
them  that  if  they  were  wise  they  would  never  come  back 
again  ;  that  the  Abenaqui  nations  had  too  oftei  exjie- 
rienced  their  perfidy  ever  to  leave  them  in  quiet,  if  they 
sliowed  themselves  in  their  country  again  ;  that  they  were 
lords  of  their  own  territory,  and  would  never  permit  tluin; 
such  restless  and  grasping  peoi)le  as  they  were,  wIhj 
annoyed  them,  moreover,  in  the  practice  of  their  rehgion.' 

They  then  entered  the   fort,'  committing  no   disorder 

'  Hutchiiiwin   (Hist,   nf  Miisr-.,   i.,  ami  says  nothing  of  any  violutioii  ot 
)i.    ;',')i),    followed    by    Williamson  tlic  trrms.  Drake's  Indian  Captivities. 
(Hist,  of  Maine,  i.,  p.  (iUi),  says  tlie  p.  77;  Matlicr's  Matrnalin,  liook  vli. 
Indians  killed  some  after  the  snrrcn-  p.  (W.      .\ndros,  in  his  defence,  as- 
der  and  niad(^  prisoners   of  otlieis.  cri bed  its  loss  to  removal  of  tnioiis: 
La   Motte  (.'adillac.   in    his  Memoir  hut  the  Answer  to  Sir  Edmund  An- 
il'anada  Doc,   11.,  V. :    Maine   Hist,  dros's  Account  (Maine  Hist.  Coll.,  v.. 
Coll,,  vi.,  p.  !2S;3),  says  they  killed  in  p.  :ii)4)  attributes  it  to  the  careless 
all  80,  hut  spared  the  commandant  security  of  the  giirrisou. 
and  six  of  his  people  at  the  instance         ■'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  4(i8.   Tim- 
of  .Matekwando.     But  .John  Uyles,  ry's  Account,  Hoston,  French   Doc. 
the  best  English  account,  says  that  vli.,  p.  2i)7. 
Weems  went  off  in  PateshiiH's  sloop. 


if 


I. 


IllS'l'Oin    Ol'    NKW    I'liANCK. 


43 


thoro  any  more  tliaii  in  the  houses,  wlicrf,  finding-  u  l,ii;n'l 
of  nun,  tlii'V  stove  it  in,  witliont  diinkin^'  u  sin^'Ie  (liop,  nn 
lieroie  net  for  Iiidi/uis.  When  they  had  examined  tlie 
whole  ])lace,  tliey  took  whatever  suitod  them,  and  hn-ehsd 
th(!  fort  and  houses.  Some  wished  to  f;-o  on  and  (ixpel  the 
En},dish  from  an  ishind'  three  or  four  h^a^nies  from  Pem- 
kuit,  but  tlie  majority  did  not  apjirove  the  projeet.  The 
whole  party  returned  to  Pentagoi't  on  two  sloops  taken 
from  the  enemy,  after  killinj^  tlie  crew.' 

The  f/'rrison  of  PcMnkuit  jjrrteuded  to  have  lost  only 
seven  i  .on  in  that  fort  ;  but  quite  a  deep  treneli  was  found, 
tilled  up  with  bodies ;  and  the  commandant  told  the  In- 
dians, on  leaving  the  fort,  that  they  had  good  powder,  and 
their  g  iis  were  true.  He  liad  experieuee,  his  face  being 
half  liurnt.'  Tlie  C'anibas  had  only  one  uum  slightly 
wounded  in  tlie  log;  and,  on  their  return,  tluiy  assured 
Mr.  Thury  that  if  they  had  tw(j  hundred  Frenchmen,  a 
little  accustomed  to  tlio  country  and  willing  to  follow 
them,  they  would  lead  them  to  Boston. 

This  expedition  was  spiunlily  foHowed  by  a  more  vigcu'- 
(ms  one,  attended  with  still  greater  loss  to  the  English. 
The  latter  had  in  tlie  neighborhood  of  the  Kfuobec  four- 
teen small  fort.s,  (piite  well  diU'endtuI.'  Tlie.  Indians  of 
Pentagoet  and  St.  John's  lliver,  uniting,  surprised  tiiem 
all,  killing  as  many  as  two  hundred  per.-ons,  and  carrying 
otf  a  very  largo  liooty.  The  chief  advantage  derived  by 
us  from  these  incursions  was  tlie  iiircoiu-ileable  iaeacii 
which  they  effected  between  the  Eiigiisli  and  the  tribes,  of 
all  others  on  the  continent,  who  enjoyed  tlie  highest  rc- 


if)Sy, 


.\niiiliir 
lnili:iii 

l"C|ll'llilill|l. 


v.. 


'  >[imlic{;nn  (llulilmnl's  Iiidiiiii 
Wiira,  ii.,  |).  7:.';  X.  V.  C'oL  Doc.,  iii., 
|).  "i.')!),  .Siiys  (i  Icnpiu's. 

'•'  Tlicpelidiit-- l)i';oii--i>il  to  ('i\],iiiiiis 
SUyiiiKT,  l'"iinil)iiiii.  iiiiii  l'iiii,.;li:il. 
.MathfTM  Mkitm.,  I)U.  vii.,  p.  d.", ;  \\\\. 
liaiiis.)n's  .Muiiif,  i..  |..  (;i;!. 

^  MatlierV  .Miii,'ii.,  ]-.■  ,k  vii..  p.  li.-, ; 
C).vlc.-<,  ill  Diiilii'V  Ihdiaii  Ciiplivitics, 
p.  70. 


'  olb(.|'viiii(iii>  (Jii  ilic  Slate  of 
.\tliiirs  i\.  Y.  Col.  Due  ,  ix.,  ]\]\  U\:',, 
l:is;  <'iiii;ii:!i  Doc,  1.,  iv.,  p.  -J'J:!) 
.-:iv.-  Hi.  Dovr.  X.  Ii.,  was  the  lir;(l 
titii.i'K.il,  .liine  -,'7,  1(1«1),  O.  S.,  tlic 
iiiC'lllivi'  l.oiii.:;  toiivciigr  the  tl'i'iicli- 
iroiis  (T.ptiiii'  au'l  sale  of  iiiniiy  of 
i!;c  trill,'  by  Waidron  in  KiTii,  Hut- 
cliiiis.in's  .Ma.-saciiii.-^i'it.^.  i.,  p.  I).")!  ; 
li.'lknap',-.  Niw  Ilalnj.^llil■t^  i.,  p.  1!I8. 


W 


44 


IIISI'OUV    OK    XKW    I'UANCIv 


,1 


\Mg.     iiowii   for  l)ritv('rv,  aiid  wliosc   siiiccri'  iittui'liiiii'iit  to  tlu! 
■        Clii'istiiiii  rcli^'ioii  mid  luiturul  docility  I'otiiined  them  moro 
ciisily  in  our  idliiincc 

Scvcriii         Many  of  tlio  Al)(''iiii(|iiiH,  ovon  then,  thought  <>f  removing 

iiiiiiii  nf    to  the  heart  of  the  French  colony  ;  all  wore  not  yet  Chris- 
"iiiiin  I'lh^  tiuns,  but  those  who  had  not  received  baptism  were  ])re- 

'"""•^'  paring  for  that  sacrament.'  Dcnonville,  in  a  memoir, 
which  Scignclay  solicited  from  him  aftitr  his  return  to 
France,  on  tlio  position  of  afVairs  in  Canachi  and  the  best 
nii'ans  of  remedyuig  the  disorders  of  that  cohmy,  says  that 
till'  good  understanding  which  he  had  maintained  with  the 
Abi'iiaipii  nations,  b}-  means  of  missionaries,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  two  Fathers  Bigot,  had  proihiced  the  whole 
success  of  his  enterprises  against  the  English,  and  that 
there  was  no  wiser  course  than  to  attract  a  groat  number 
of  these  Indians  to  St.  Francis. 

He  adds  that  the  English  and  French  are  incompatible 
in  that  part  of  the  continent  of  America  ;  that  tlio  former 
ri'gard  our  missionaries  as  their  most  dangerous  enemies, 
and  did  not  rest  till  they  had  driven  them  out  of  all  the 
Iroquois  cantons ;  that,  even  religion  apart,  it  was  very 
important  to  resort  to  (^-ery  means  to  restore  them  there, 
and  to  have  some  among  all  the  other  Indians,  over  whom 
tlicy  li.'uv  acquired  a  very  great  ascendency;  that  the  Iro- 
([Uois  have,  in  reality,  more  estcH'm  and  inclinatioii  for  our 
nation  than  for  th"  English;  but  that  commercial  interest, 
or  rather  the  credit  which  trade  gives  them,  would  always 
keep  them  in  the  English  alliance ;  that  harmony  between 
the  clergy,  the  Governor  General,  and  Intendant,  was  the 
only  means  of  maintaining  the  order  and  tranquilHty  of 
the  country ;  that  it  was  to  be  desired  that  ecclesiastics 


Diiiiin- 

\ill.''s  M(..- 

iiiiiir. 


'  A  iius.«i()n  was  fotindcd  nt  Sillcry  in  1(1^4-5,  removed  it  to  tlio  Chiiu- 

t'li-  AliT'iiniuiiis.     Aiiti',  vol.  ii.,1).  its.  ilicrc  river,  aiul  cstiiljlished  tin'  mi.s- 

\'«'lie!i  this  WHS  iiliiKist  ilesn-DVed  l>v  si(in  (if  St.  Fnineis  de  Sales.     Bigot, 

Miiidl   pox,  in  107(1,  Al)<'iiai|iii.s  were  Helatiou  de  la  .Mission  .\b('na(iui8e, 

I'l  iri\cd  in  sueli  mnnbeisas  to  nialu^  1()!H4,  p.  ;24  ;  ilj.,    1085,  p.  17.     This 

il  an  Alii'naqui  inissioii ;  but,  as  ilie  was  again  removed,  in  1700,  to  the 

land  was  exliausti'd,   Father  Bigot,  present  St.  Francis.     lb.,  1701. 


I 


HlsroliV   (»l'   NKW    I'UANl'K. 


4n 


and  religiouH  nvfrywlKH-o  wcru  us  worthy  men,  ami  as  \^<'^9- 
edifviii^,',  as  tlioy  wert'  in  I'anada,  but  tliat  tliisy  wort"  too  '^- 
jioorly  ofY,  and  witliout  means  of  supijort  ;  tlnit  the  distant 
posts,  and  especially  Catarocony,  wore  out  of  reach  of 
tinuily  succor,  and  that  ho  had  always  doomed  it  an  error 
to  have  established  thorn  ;  that  those  sent  to  j,'arris(m  Iheni 
were  often  forced  to  enter  into  the  interested  viciws  of  the 
Indians,  constantly  involvin-,'  us  in  trouble  witii  tlu» 
Iro(iuois,  and  not  uufre<iuently  drawing'  on  us  the;  con- 
tempt of  our  allies,  who,  unable  to  be  reliovful  in  season, 
did  us  out  of  resentment  more  harm  than  (mr  very  ene- 
mies ;  that  it  would  have  been  far  better  not  to  havi^  inter- 
fered in  tliL'  quarrels  of  those  tribes,  and  to  let  them  conu) 
amouf,'  us  to  supi)ly  their  wants,  and  not  anticipate  them, 
as  we  cimtinuod  to  do,  by  carrying'  cmr  ^oods  to  them,  at 
the  risk  of  bein^'  plundered  on  the  way,  without  speaking,' 
of  the  fearful  debauchery  into  which  the  y(mno-  nu'U  pluu^'O 
in  these  journeys  ;  that  tlu^  English  of  Boston  and  New 
York  had  promised  the  Iroquois  and  their  allies  the  total 
destruction  of  the  French  colony;  that  Acadia,  especially, 
was  constantly  on  the  point  of  falling  into  their  hands, 
there  not  liehig  in  that  province  a  single  fort  capable  of 
resistance,  and  the  houses  being  more  scattered  even  than 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  ;  that  it  would  be  nec(!ssary  to  fortify 
Port  la  Heve,  in  order  to  keej)  ships  there  in  security  ; 
that  this  post  was  infinitely  more  advantageous  than  Port 
Royal,  from  which  it  is  not  easy  t(i  sally  forth  to  tlefend 
the  coast,  and  which  is  too  remote  from  the  Islands  of 
Cape  Breton  and  Newfoundland  and  the  Great  Bank  ;  that 
all  the  coast  belonging  to  France  abounded  in  tish,  and 
that  the  fishery  was  far  better  adapted  to  si'ttlo  and  eiu'ich 
the  country  than  beaver  and  brandy,  which  till  then  had 
almost  exclusively  engaged  the  settlers;  that  the  oiiiy 
mode  of  terminating  the  war  in  Canada  was  to  seize  ]N[aa- 
hattan,  and  that  it  could  be  done  with  six  frigates  and 
1200  troops  to  land ;  that  800  regulars  and  the  provincial 
militia  would  easily  make  tlieiuselves  masters  of  Orange, 


*i 


40 


IIISTdUY   OK   NKAV    KHANCK 


,1        1 


iMg.  and  that  no  onv  wiis  nioi'tMuliiptfd  to  crown  tliis  onti'ipiisu 
with  micfOHs  than  tht!  Chevalier  de  Oallieres;  Imt  tliiit, 
lifter  the  capttu'e  of  the  ea|)ital,  it  iniist  l>e  burned,  and 
till)  I'ountrv  ravapsd  uk  far  as  Oraiij^e  ;  tliat  li_v  means  of 
this  ])ost,  which  it  woiild  he  easy  to  maintain,  all  inter- 
course i)et\veen  the  lro((Uois  and  Ijii^dish  would  he  hroUeii 
otl",  and  the  former  forced  to  have  recoui'Ht)  to  us;  and  we 
would  prevent  our  allies  forming  coinuusticnis  with  them 
lirejudicial  to  our  safety  ;  in  tine,  that  Fort  ()rani,'e  woiUd 
enahle  us  to  keep  in  res]ie{!t  the  wliohi  New  En(,'laiid  short', 
which  was  very  jiopulous  and  umhd'eiided.' 

All  contained  in  this  nieiuoir  was  well  weif,'hed,  and, 
with  few  exceptifMis,  in  rej^ard  to  which  there  was  some 
(liH'erence  of  opinion  in  the  colony,  it  would  have  been 
much  to  the  advantai,'c  of  New  France  had  more  attention 
been  paid  to  it.  JJut  the  whole  attention  of  the  court  was 
fi;iven  to  moro  interesting',  because  nearer,  objects.  The 
kiiif,'  and  his  ministry,  without  deiiyin;,'  the  utility  of  con- 
(lueriuf,'  New  York,  ix'lievcd  all  the  forces  of  tiie  kingdom 
Hooded  olsowhi'ro  ;  and  tho  cehirity  nnpiired  by  such  an 
expedition  was  not  as  easy  as  they  iinaginod  in  Canada. 
Accordiiij^dy,  the  proi)er  season  for  dispatching^  shi]>s  and 
troo])s  was  again  allowed  to  pass. 

Mr.  do  Soignclay  accordingly  informed  the  Count  do 
Froiitenac  and  ]Mr.  do  Chanipigny  that  the  groat  exertions 
which  his  ]Majosty  was  obliged  to  mak(!,  in  order  to  ooj>o 
with  all  tile  European  powers  united  against  France,  would 
not  permit  him  to  send  to  America  the  new  reinforco- 
nionts  which  thoy  solicited,  or  think  of  any  enterprise  in 
that  (jnartor ;  that  a  vig(mnis  defensive  seemed  to  him  at 
the  juncture  most  consonant  to  his  service  and  tho  security 
of  thti  colony  of  C'anada  ;  that  it  was  ospeicially  necessary 
to  collect  tho  st^ttlers  into  towns  easily  guarded  and  de- 
fended against  the  Indians ;  in  tine,  that  the  Count  do 
Frontenac  might  nsefully  employ  tin;  intluenco  be  had  ac- 


Wi>ll(-i 

tllrlJl  III 

llnlil 

IJli'lll'i  Ivr; 

nil  till' 
llrU'll-<ivi', 


'  Ui'uonviUu  U)  Si'igriflay.     N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  pji.  44U-7  ;  also,  lUIi,  4;JS. 


IIISTOUV  OF  NKW    I'U.WCK. 


47 


(|iiin'(l  over  thi'  iiiiiids  of  the  lio(|intiH,  mid  the  ocnvsioii  of      iMg. 
the  ri'storjitioii  of  tluiircoinitrviiicii  wlioiii  lie  liml  tiikcii  li,ick 
finiii  l''i;tii('(',  to  iii;ikc  a  s'  ilid  and  lioiioialilc  pence  witli  tlieiii.' 

TliiK  letter  shows,  tlmt  wliile  tliey  could  not  uiidcrMtiilid 
ill  Ciiiiada  liow  the  (!onrt  HJioiild  at  alt  lieHitate  to  make  a 

Hlij,dit   etVort   to   ex|»e]    the    KiiLjlisli    fi i    New    Vork,   the 

kiii^''H  council  were  always  aHtonisheil  at  the  refusal  of  the* 
settlers  in  New  France  to  oliaiigi!  the  location  of  tlirir 
dwclliii<,'s  and  adopt  in  their  arraii^'emeiit  a  systeni  wiiich 
was,  in  their  eyes,  the  easiest  tliiii!^  in  the  world,  and  alt-io- 
liitely  essential  to  their  preservation.  The  colonists  <'oulil 
SOP  nothing'  more  important  to  the  State  than  to  delivei' 
their  colony  from  the  vexatious  iiiu;j;hl)orhood  of  the  lOn- 
glish  ;  the  Council,  judi^in^'  Canada  by  the  provinces  of 
France,  could  not  he  conviiKuid  that  there  was  any  real 
oltstaide  to  the  chan},'os  which  they  [)ropo.sod  :  thus,  what 
interests  us  most  nearly  scoms  in  our  eyes  the  i>:,]v  thin,.; 
uecewsary,  and  what  we  see  done  l)efore  our  e  s  seems  to 
UH  practicahlti  everywhere. 

St;!l,  it  is  a  fact,  tliat  what  was  letpiired  of  the  (Jaiiadiaii 
Hettlers  was  far  K-ss  easy  to  execute  than  it  seemed  to  the 
ministry  which  re(|uired  it;  that  the  project  of  acting'  (<n 
t\w  defensive,  to  which  the  Kiii{,''s  Council  wished  to  con- 
tine  them,  was  not  more  so;  and  that  it  cost  more  to  repel 
the  etibrts  of  the  Kn^'lish  and  tin;  Iroquois  than  it  would 
have  cost,  once  for  all,  to  deprive  the  former  of  the  power 
to  trouble  us,  and  conipeHed  the  latter  to  remain  peace- 
fully in  their  cantons.  This  the  setpiel  of  our  histoi'v  will 
show  convincinj^dy. 

The  Count  de  Frontenac;  had  also  returned  to  America 
convinced  that,  next  to  the  coiupiest  of  New  Vork,  the  most 
advantaf^'cous  thin-'  to  he  done  for  the  French  colony, 
whos(.  ^'overnmeiit  lie  resumed,  was  to  re;,'aiii  the  Iro.pioi.s  ; 
full  of  confidence  in  his  success,  he  ha.sed  his  hope  chietly 


'I..Miis    XIV,   to   K>-n„t,.,i»c    .uul     (■ol.n„c..ix.,i,p.4.-.2-,5;In8tnuaioui., 
(  Immpi-ny,   July    14,    l(l!l().     N.  y,     June  7,  KWi),  il, ,  ,,,  407. 


i'i 


48 


HISTOKY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


16S9. 

Frimtrimo 

litli(>r»i  III 

•  (jnin  over 

tlic 

Iri)(|iii>is. 


1 690. 


on  tlui  fact  that  ilurinfjf  liis  first  stay  in  tliat  conntiT  the 
Iroquois  nation  had  manifested  j:;i'eat  esteem  and  attach- 
ment to  his  |iers(m,  and  lie  did  not  donbt  hut  tliat,  on 
showing  himself  to  them,  with  a  great  number  of  their 
chiefs  whoso  fetters  he  had  broken,  they  would  at  once 
resume  their  previous  sentiments  toward  him. 

He  was  at  least  wi'll  assured  of  having  gained  over  to 
his  interest  a  brave,  Cayuga  chief  named  Ourecnihare,  the 
most  influential  of  all  those  whom  he  had  brought  back 
from  France,  and  to  whom  he  had  shown  groat  friendsliip 
on  the  voyage.  He  took  this  chief  with  him  to  Montreal,' 
and,  finding  there  an  Iro(inois  embassador  named  (ragnie- 
gaton,'  who  had  come  to  make  rory  insolent  propositions 
to  Denonville,  Oureouhare  advised  F)"ontenac  to  send  back 
with  him  four  of  his  comrades  in  captivity,  to  notify  the 
cantons  of  the  return  of  all  their  chiefs.' 

The  Count  followed  this  advice  ;  Oureouhare  I'ccom- 
mendcul  these  dej)uties  to  omit  nothing  to  induce  the  can- 
tons to  send  an  embassy  to  their  old  Father,  showing  them 
that  they  could  not  dispense  with  congratulating  him  on 
liis  happ}'  return  and  thanking  him  for  the  goodness  lie 
had  shown  their  brethren.  He  also  directed  them  to 
assure  the  Nation  that  they  would  find  in  the  General  now 
what  they  had  found  in  him  in  the  past,  great  esteem  and 
afi^ection.  He  also  charged  tluim  in  particular  to  declare 
to  his  canton,  that  he  would  not  return  among  them  until 
they  cann^  to  ask  him  from  Oiionthio,  from  whom  he  was 
resolved  not  to  depart  without  his  permission. 

The  deputies  set  out  with  Clagniegaton,  and  fulfilled 
their  commission  perfectly.  On  their  arrival,  the  cantons 
assembled,  and  sent  their  reply  by  the  same  ambassador, 
who  arrived  at  Montreal  cui  the  9th  of  March,  lO'JO.*     He 


m 


•  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  4(il.  y.  IM. 

■' Gngnn'jrtitnn  Imd  bi'i'ii  onciil  tlu'  '  Niirnitivc  of  Occurifncrs,  N.  V. 

ili'initicR  nt  Moiitrcil,  .'uiKf  "2,  KiHS.  I'ol.  Doc,  ix.,  p]i.  4(i4-r) ;  Di;  In  Po- 

■'  Nnrrativc  ot  tlic  Most  liriimvkR-  thi'rii',  Ilistoiri'  dr  rAiiit'ri(|iir  Si'pt., 

ble  OccuiTcnceH,  N.  V.  Col.  Doi',,  ix.,  iii.,  p.  (i:j. 


HISTORY   OF   NEW    FHANCE. 


49 


fouud  tliere  neither  tlie  Count  de  Frontenae  uor  Oiireou-      1690. 
hart',  who  hail  returned  to  Quebec,  and  several  days  passed  — '>'^-' 
without  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  being  able  to  elicit  any  cuntons  to 
thing  from  him  or  his  comjianions.     They  were  at  last,    ositlons. 
however,  won  over  by  the  courteous  manner  of  that  gov- 
ernor, and  presented  to  him  six  belts.     The  Hrst  showed 
the  cause  of  their  delay,  produced,  they  said,  by  the  arri- 
val of  the  Ottawas  in  the  Seneca  canton.     It  was  the  com- 
mencement of  a  negotiation  set  on  foot  between  our  west- 
ei*n  allies  and  the  Iroquois,  ou  an  occasion  to  be  presently 
explained.     It  was  agreed  to  meet  in  the  month  of  June, 
at  a  [)laco  determined  ;  and  Gagniegaton,  explaining  this 
belt,  added  that  *^liings  should  be  done  iu  this  way,  when 
they  wished  to  treat  of  peace,  without  resorting  to  strangers. 
He  meant  to  intimate  that  the  Governor  General  should 
have  proceeded  in  person  to  Onondaga,  or  to  some  other 
place  agreed  upon,  there  to  speak  of  arrangements,  as  he 
had  long  previously  been  requested  to  do. 

The  second  belt  exjjressed  the  joy  folt  by  the  Flemings, 
that  is  to  say,  the  Dutch,  settled  at  Orange,  and  the  Iro- 
(|uois,  ou  the  I'eturn  of  Oureouhare,  wliom  he  styled  Head 
Chief  of  the  Iroquois  nation.  This  showed  thr  concert 
and  harmony  existing  between  the  cantons  and  New  York. 

By  the  tliird  the  Onondaga  canton,  in  tlie  name  of  all 
the  others,  demanded  the  prom})l  vesioration  of  all  tlie 
Iroquois  who  had  returned  from  l''rance,  iu  (uiler  to  con- 
cert with  them  measures  suited  to  the  situation  of  affairs. 
The  ambassador  added  tliat  they  had  collected  at  Onon- 
daga all  the  French  jn-isoners,  who  had  been  scattered  in 
the  other  cantons,  and  that  tlicy  sliould  i>o  disposed  of 
only  on  the  report  and  by  the  ailvicc  of  Oureouhiire. 

The  fourth  and  liftli  spoke  of  tlie  lavages  committed  in 
the  Seneca  canton  l)y  do  Denonville.  of  tii(>  treachery  at 
Catavocouy,  the  abandonment  of  that  post,  and  said  that 
when  all  the  evil  liad  biu.'n  madi^  good,  and  the  roads  free 
and  secure,  Teganissorens  would  go  to  treat  with  Onouthio 
of  peace. 

Vol.  IV.— 7 


Il  I 


i'n 


50 


HISTORY  01"    NKW   Fk.VS'C'K 


1690. 


Mr.  (k- 
Frontcna 
refuses  ti 

trive 
aiulieiu-e  I 
tlieir 
dcputie-;. 


By  the  sixth,  Gfiguief^atou  f,'ave  notice  that,  from  the 
mouth  of  October  previous,  an  Iroquois  party  liad  been  in 
the  field,  but  that  it  was  to  begin  operations  only  at  the 
thawing  of  the  snow,  and  that  if  thoy  made  any  prisoners 
care  should  be  taken  to  treat  them  M-ell.  "  Do  the  same 
with  us,"  he  continued,  "  if  you  take  any  of  ours.  I  liad 
eight  prisoners  iu  the  defeat  at  La  Chine  ; '  four  I  ate,  the 
rest  I  spared.  You  have  been  more  cruel  than  I,  for  you 
shot  twelve  Senecas ;  you  should  have  spared  at  least  one 
or  tvo.  It  was  in  retaliation  for  that  execution  that  I  ate 
four  of  yours."  " 

Mr.  de  Callieres  asked  him  whether  Father  Milet  was 
still  alive.  He  replied  that  he  was  in  perfect  health,  and 
,  had  started  a  week  before  to  return  to  the  colony :  a  state- 
ment found  to  be  untrue.  The  Governor  asked  him  fur- 
ther Avhy  the  Mohawks  had  come  to  commit  hostilities 
against  us.  The  reply  was  that  the  Mohegans,  having 
raised  a  war  ^larty  of  ninety-six  men,  had  induced  some 
Mohawks  and  Oneidas  to  join  them  ;  that  messengers  were 
sent  to  recal  the  Mohawks,  but  that  apparently  this  step 
was  taken  too  late.' 

Mr.  de  Callieres,  unable  to  extract  any  thing  more  from 
ihese  deputies,  sent  them  to  the  Governor  General;  but 
the  Count  de  Frontenac  refused  to  giv  them  audience,  on 
the  ground  that  they  had  at  their  head  a  man  whose  inso- 
lence had  otfeuded  him.  He  nevertheless  received  his 
companions  well,  but  troated  with  them  only  throirgh  the 


'  At  La  C'lu'iiayc,  accordina;  tn  De 
la  PotUerie.  iii.,  p.  •!'«.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  ix..  p.  4(1(1. 

•  Pee  tliesc  belts  expliiiiied  at 
leiifTtli,  De  la  I'otherie.  Ilistnire  de 
rAnieri(|Ue  Sept..  iii.,  Jip.^o-O  :  X.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  pp.  4(i.j-(l. 

'  Milet  was  taken  by  afletaehineiit 
of  ;iOO,  whose  obj^'Ct  was  the  capture 
of  Frontenac.  This  party  then  went 
two  leaj^ues  down,  to  wait   for  tlie 


140(1  proceeding;  to  Montreal ;  after 
iinitiiisr.  they  went  on  to  Otonniutn. 
IbTe  two  chiefs  and  ;!()  men  wen' de- 
tached with  Milet  to  Oneida,  which 
he  reached  on  St  Lawrence's  day, 
ami  the  main  body  proceeded  to  La 
Chine.  Milet,  Relation  de  sn  C:\p- 
tivite,  pp.  1-'J4. 

■*  Narrative  of  Occiir'-ences,  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc.,  ix..  p.  4(>(1 ;  De  la  Potherie, 
Histoire  de  I'Ainericpie  Sept.,  iii..  07. 


HISTORY   OK   NKW    FRANCE. 


51 


A 


instniiiieutality  of  Oureoiilian'',  who  even  seemed  to  bo 
acting  always  in  his  own  name.  As  soon  as  the  rivers 
were  navigable,  the  General  told  them  that  they  might 
return,  and  Oureouhare  handed  them  eight  belts,  which  he 
exi)huned  to  them  in  a  way  to  give  them  to  understand 
that  the  Count  de  Fronteiiac  took  no  part  in  the  act.' 

They  expressed  in  substance  that  he  begged  the  cantons 
to  wipe  away  their  tears  and  forget  the  past ;  that  he 
learned  with  pleasure  of  the  promise  made  by  the  Ottawas 
to  restore  to  the  Senecas  all  the  prisoners  whom  they  had 
taken  from  them  ;  that  he  was  still  more  charmed  at  the 
resolution  adopted  by  his  brethren  to  save  the  lives  of  the 
French  who  might  fall  into  their  hands,  and  that  Ononthio 
had  jn'omised  him  to  do  the  same  on  his  side  until  he  re- 
ceived the  rei)ly  of  the  five  cantons  to  the  propositions  which 
he  had  made  them  ;  that  so  far  as  he  himself  personally  was 
concerned,  he  thanked  them  for  the  desire  they  had  at  tirst 
expressed  to  see  him  once  more,  but  that  they  seemed  to 
have  soon  lost  this  zeal  and  aflection,  inasmuch  as  they 
had  not  yet  sent  a  chief  for  him  as  he  had  requested  them  ; 
that  he  conjured  them  to  do  him  this  honor  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, and  he  was  induced  to  make  this  request  by  his  desire 
to  have  them  witness  the  good  will  of  their  Father  Onon- 
thio for  the  whole  nation,  as  well  as  the  good  treatment 
which  he  and  his  nephews  received  daily.     Finally,  that  it 
v\  as  by  his  request  that  their  Father  sent  with  the  deputies 
one  of  his  liighest  officers,  to  exhort  them  not  to  listen  to 
the  Dutch,  who  had  turned  their  heads  ;  not  to  interfere  in 
any  matters  between  him  and  those  of  Orange  (Albany) 
and  Manhatte  (New  York),  and  not  to  take  any  umbrage  at 
any  thing  that  he  might  do  to  chastise  their  neighbors  for 
throwing  oft'  the  yoke  of  their  lawful  king,  whose  intei'ests 
the  king  of  France  had  espoused ;  that  he  wished  them  to 
know  that  he,  Oureouhare,  regarded  all  the  French  as  his 


1690. 


(liircouliii- 
r.''s  ri'iily. 


'  De'.aPotherie,  IlistoirederAmt'-    Auriouae's  belts  (pp.  70-73).    N.  Y. 
rique  Sopt.,  iii.,  p.  70.     He  esplnins     Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.  409. 


I 


"i 


62 


HISTORY   OF   NEW  FRANCE. 


f  y 


.^^ 


1 690.     brethren  ;  that  he  no  longer  wished  to  part  with  his  father 
'-^~r^~^  Ononthio  ;  that  he  would  not  return  to  his  canton,  though 
fully  at  liberty  to  do  so,  unless  they  came  for  him  in  the 
manner  he  had  stated ;  that  they  might  go  in  all  security 
to  Montreal,  and  that  he  felt  23ert'ectly  sure  that  the  French 
would  not  disavow  his  pledge  that  their  confidence  should 
not  be  abused.' 
WhiU  in-       The  officer  who  accompanied  the  Iroquois  deputies  was 
Count  de  the  Chevalier  d'Eau,  a  reduced  captain."    The  Count  do 
to°!issume  Frontenac  had  deemed  it  expedient  to  send  him  to  Onon- 
'"tone'!^ "  ^''^ii^i  to  show  Special  confideuce  in  that  canton,  which  he 
always  conciliated  ziiore  than  the  rest,  as  well  as  to  bo 
better  informed  of  what  was  going  on.     He  knew,  more- 
over, that  he  could  rely  on  Garakonthie"  and  Teganisso- 
rens,  avowed  friends  of  the  French  :  but  the  capture  of 
Corlar  (Schenecti'dy),  the  tidings  of  which  had  just  reached 
him,  and  the  return  of  tho.se  who  had  made  that  conquest, 
of  which  we  shall  speak  in  due  season,  especially  induced 
him  to  assume  so  lofty  a  tone  with  the  Iroquois,  and  he 
certainly  acted  on  this  occasion  with  these  Indians  with  a 
dexterity  and  dignity  which  made  them  descend  considei- 
bly  from  their  haughty  position. 

He  was,  nevertheless,  much  troubled  by  the  negotiations 
of  the  Ottawas  with  the  Iroquois,  of  which  Gagniegaton 
had  spoken  to  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres.     Its  object  was 


•A  > 


'  De  la  Potherie,  Histoire  de  1' Ame- 
riquo  Sept.,  iii.,  pp.  70-74.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  460. 

'  De  ^Jon8eignftt,  Relation  de  cv 
qui  s'est  passe.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix., 
p.  409.  La  Hontan  (Vcnngcs,  i., 
p.  205)  pretends  that  Mr.  de  Fronte- 
nac wished  him  to  go,  but  that,  on  his 
showing  its  imiwssibility  of  effecting 
any  good  and  asking  liiiu  to  select 
another,  Frontenac  appointed  the 
Chevalier  Do,  who  was  accompanied 
by  Colin,  an  interpreter,  and  two 
young  Canadians.     As  usual,  how- 


ever, there  is  no  mention  elsewlmre 
of  La  Hontan.  TIk!  envoy,  whose 
name  Charlevcjix  gives  d'Eau,  and 
La  Hontan  Do,  wrote  his  name 
d'Aux.  Ferland,  Cours  d'Histoire, 
ii.,  p.  108.  For  hi.s  instructions  and 
the  message  of  Ourenuae,  see  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  7;fo. 

'■■  Brother  of  Daniel  (iarakontliie 
(.Milet,  Relation,  p.  '•i'.)),  and  appar- 
ently the  one  whom  Hennepin  pro- 
fesses to  have  known.  Voyages  au 
Xord,  v.,  p.  Ii42;  .Moeur.s  des  Sau- 
Vilgea,  p.  .")(). 


^ 


i? 


M 


H18T0KY   OF   NEW   FRANCE. 


58 


induc.i'd 
tliciii. 


this.     We  have  more  than  once  seen  the  secret  inclination      1690. 
of  our  allies  on  the  north  and  west  to  open  trade  with  the   ^^ 
English  through  the  medium  of  the  cantons  ;  an  inclination    '■^^^^<'^^^ 
founded  on  nothing,   however,  but  interest,  the  Enghsh  ^^,J^'^^'^';i»»i*^_ 
furnishin''  L'oods  at  much  lower  prices  than  we  did.     De-    mtcncn- 

"  "  .,.,,,  tldii  of  the 

nonville,  by  involving  them  m  the  war  witli  tlie  henecas,     Fniioii. 
had  designed  chiefly   to  break  oft"    this   connection,   and 
render  all  these  nations  irreconcileable  with  the  Iroquois, 
but  it  was  soon  perceived  that  he  had  not  succeeded. 

The  lack  of  vigor  displayed  by  us  on  that  expedition  ; 
the  little  fruit  derived  by  us  from  the  slight  advantage  we 
gained  in  it ;  the  d(;struction  and  evacuation  of  Fort  Nia- 
}.;ara,  the  erection  of  which  they  had  earnestly  solicited  ; 
the  frequent  irruptions  of  the  Iroquois  into  the  colony  ; 
and,  more  than  all  this,  the  dishonorable  steps  taken  to 
secure  peace  from  that  nation  ;  the  insolence  long  endured 
at  their  hands ;  and  our  inaction,  notwithstanding  their 
recent  hostilities,  made  tie  Ottawas  resume  their  former 
project  of  eflecting  a  reconciliation  with  a  people  from 
whom  they  had  indeed  little  to  hope  but  much  to  fear. 

In  truth,  the  wisdom  and  firmness  of  the  Sieur  de  la 
Durantayo,'  who  continued  in  command  at  Michillimaki- 
nac,  and  the  zeal  with  which  he  was  supported  by  ihi-. 
missionaries,  had  long  prevented  this  resolution  taking 
tiffect ;  bat  they  were  in  constant  fear  that  these  Indians 
would  escape  us.  Our  ill-luck  would  have  it  that  many  of 
them  happened  to  be  in  Montreal  at  the  time  of  the  sack 
of  La  Chine,  occurring  almost  before  the  very  eyes  of  the 
Governor  General,  and  while,  against  their  remonstrance, 
he  allowed  himself  to  bt;  lulled  by  false  appearances  of 
peace ;  for  they  carried  back  to   their  villages  a  settled 


'  Olivier  Morel  dc   la    Ditrantaye  ried  in   HiTO,  ami  in  his  later  days, 

was  a   Breton   gentleman,  bnru   at  after  resigiiins^  his  eoinmission,  Ije 

Notre  Dame  (\{i  (iaure,  Xautes.     He  eanie  one  oC  the  Council  at  (Quebec, 

rameout  asacaptain  intheCarignan  Ferland,  ii.,  p.  208,  note  ;  N.Y.Col. 

regiment,    but    his    many   services  Doc,  ix.,  p.  113,  &c.     Bouchette  To- 

never  lirought  promotion.     He  mar  |)og.  Description,  xsii.  sxiv. 


1 


1 


•I 


64 


HI8T0RY  OK   NEW   FRANCE. 


1690.  conviction  that  we  were  on  the  point  of  sinking  utterly 
"^c^^  beneath  the  eftbrts  of  our  enemies,  as  well  as  a  secret  joy 
to  see  themselves  left  by  our  weakness  free  to  think  of 
their  own  interest.  To  this  must  be  aildetl  the  unfavora- 
ble impression  left  on  many  miutls  after  the  treachery 
wliicli  the  Kat,  who  was  the  projector,  had  laid  to  the 
charge  of  the  Marquis  de  Di''nonville. 

The  Ottawas  even  thought  themselves  authorized  to 
reveal  their  design  to  no  Frenchman,  supposing  tliat  no 
one  should  take  amiss  their  adopting  measures  to  avoid 
being  left  exposed  alone  to  the  fury  of  the  Iroquois,  nor 
did  they  deliberate  long  on  Hu?  conduct  to  be  ])ursued  by 
them  in  so  delicate  a  conjunctui'e.  They  began  by  send- 
ing back  to  the  Seneciis  all  the  ])risoners  taken  from  them, 
then  fixed  upon  a  place  of  meeting  for  the  montJi  iA  June 
ensuing.  This  was  the  negotiation  which  gave  Mr.  de 
Frontenai'  such  great  and  well-founded  anxiety,  and  of 
which  Gagniegaton  had  made  such  a  mystcu-y  t(j  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Montreal. 
Exjitioiij.       Fortunately,  Mr.  de  hi  Duraiitave  and  the  missionaries, 

(if  Mr.  di'  In  •'  '  '  ' 

Diiriiiiiavr  jiyer  attentive  to  the  slightest  UKJve  of  these  Indians,  were 

and  tlio  nils.  '^ 

m(nmiii.'s  ii>  informed  of  the  scheme,  and  the  matter  seemed  sufficiently 

to  this  Hint-  .  *' 

ttr.  imi)ortant  for  them  io  inform  the  Governor  General  of  all 
that  they  had  discovered.  Yft  this  was  not  easy,  as  they 
were  already  well  into  the  winter ;  but  the  Commandant 
was  so  fortunate  as  to  tind  a  man  willing  to  undertake  a 
journey  of  four  hundred  leagues,  notwithstanding  the  rigor 
of  the  season  and  the  difficulty  of  the  roads.  This  was 
the  Sieur  Joliet,  who  arrived  at  Quebec  toward  the  end  of 
December,  1689.'  He  handed  to  the  Count  de  Frouteuac 
a  letter  from  Father  de  Carheil,  drawn  up,  doubtless,  by 
that  missionary  in   concert  with   Mr.  de   la  Durantaye, 


I 


% 


'  DelaPotherie,  Histoiredel'Aiue-  under  the  Jesuits,  was  apprenticed 

rique  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  (10.     The  Joliet  to  a  cooper,  and  then  embarked  in 

here  mentioned  is  Zachary,  a  younger  trade.      F<'rland,   Cours  d'Histoire, 

brotherof'Louis,  tlie  discoviTerot'tlie  ii,  p.  li)il.   Heliition.  KisU-ilO.    N.  Y. 

Missiesippi.    Zaciiary,  after  studying  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  4(i;5. 


HISTORY   OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


60 


m 


wliose  frioml  he  was,  and  the  following,'  is  tlie  portion  hoar-     ifigo. 
mf^,  priiit'ipaUy  on  Joliet's  mission  :  ' 

"  Here  we  are,  reduced  at  last  to  tlio  conditio.i  to  wliich  Kutinrde 
T  liave  always  thought  the  ho]ie  of  ))eace  would  brinf,'  us.  I  later  to 
have  never  dceniod  it  ])ossible,  thinking  on  this  matter,  nor 
do  those  who  know  the  Ouondagas,  the  moat  crafty  of  all 
the  Iroquois.  Notwithstanding  tlie  ditHculty  experienced 
in  keephig  up  the  minds  of  the  Indians  till  the  time  fixed 
for  the  Asse'  ibly,  when  they  had  lost  all  hopes  from  the 
negotiations  for  a  peace  for  which  they  knew  the  French 
were  begging,  and  which  they  could  regard  only  as  a  proof 
of  our  weakness,  we  had  hapi)ily  succeeded  in  retaining 
them  in  the  \r.ii\i  of  duty  till  that  term;  but,  when  they 
went  down  to  Montreal  to  the  Assembly,  they  were  eye- 
witnesses of  the  triumph  of  the  Iroquois :  they  saw 
tliat  tlie  magnificent  ])romises  with  which  they  had  been 
anmsed  resulted  in  tlu;  desolation  of  our  hamlets  and  the 
general  consternation  of  the  colony.  They  concluded  that 
they  had  no  other  alternative  tlian  to  make  terms  with  an 
enemy  against  whom  we  wei-e  no  longer  in  a  position  to 
defend  them,  and  from  whose  hands  they  ]\'issio'nately 
desired  to  rescue  their  brethren. 

'■  We  had  the  hajipiness  of  preventing  th(im  from  cari'ying 
out  this  resolution,  and  they  even  yielded  to  our  per.suasion 
to  continue  the  war  with  us ;  but  instead  of  carrj'ing  on 
the  war,  they  resumed  negotiations,  during  M-liich  the 
Iroquois  gained  great  advantages  over  them  and  over  us. 
At  last,  our  recent  disasters  made  them  conclude  unani- 
mously to  send  ambassadors,  first  to  the  Senecas,  then  to 
the  other  cantons,  with  authority  to  form  a  perpetual 
alliance  with  the  Iroquois  nation.  The  Huron  is  as  deep, 
or  deeper,  in  tJiis  jilot  than  the  Ottawa ;  but,  more  wily,  he 
still  mananivres,  and  has  not  yet  spoken  as  openly  or 
boldly.  When  solicited  by  liis  ally  to  join  him,  he  has 
confined  himself  to  saying  that  he  was  too  young '  to  iuter- 


t 


That  i»  to  8nv,  too  fecblr  in  nuiixliiTt*.     C/i'irli- 


4* 


I'     < 


!■ 


I    n^ 


'f 


66 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FKANC'K 


il 
^1 


U'l 


•  690.  fere  in  an  affair  of  that  nature,  or  to  opposo  it ;  he  let  his 
""y^'  brothers,  who  had  more  judgment  than  he,  act,  and  they 
coidd  answer  for  tho  r'onsequences.  A  remnant  of  donht 
as  to  tliu  result  koe])s  them  in  this  reserve. 

"  As  to  the  Ottawas,  what  induced  their  urgency  in  send- 
ing off  their  ambassadors  was  fear  lest  an  order  might 
arrive  from  you  to  ])(;rf()rni  some  act  of  hostility  against 
the  Iroquois.  Tliis  must  no  longer  be  tlunight  of;  it  is 
too  late.  It  should  have  been  done  while  they  were  still 
at  Montreal  after  the  desolation  of  La  Chine  ;  they  even 
desired  it ;  but  now  that  their  ambassadors  have  gone, 
you  must  no  longer  count  on  them  in  the  war.  They 
loaded  the  Iroquois  prisoners  with  honors  as  they  sent 
them  back,  and  we  opposed  the  step,  reminding  them  of 
the  displeasure  it  would  give  their  Father  Ononthio  ;  they 
answered  that  they  had  hitherto  placed  too  nnich  reliance 
on  his  protection. 

"  We  had  pictured  the  French  to  ourselves,  they  added,' 
as  warriors ;  but  experience  has  taught  us  that  they  are 
less  so  than  the  Iroquois.  We  are  no  longer  astonished  at 
their  letting  so  long  a  time  jiass  without  undertaking  any 
thing  ;  a  sense  of  their  own  weakness  withheld  them.  After 
beholding  the  cowardice  with  which  they  allowed  them- 
selves to  be  massacred  on  the  island  of  Montreal,  it  is 
t>vident  to  us  that  we  uuist  no  longer  expect  any  aid  from 
them,  their  prot(!ction  having  become  not  onl}'  useless,  but 
even  prejudicial,  by  the  complications  into  which  it  has 
most  unseasonably  involved  us.  Their  weakness  and  lack 
of  courage  were  shown  in  a  very  evident  manner  at  Tson- 
nonthouan,  where,  surprised  at  the  resistance  of  the  ene- 
my, they  confined  thems<'lves  to  making  war  on  the  grain 
and  bark,"  and  since  that  time  they  have  not  dared  to  do 


'  I  liere  maki*  the  OttuwiiH  »iii'nk  sious.    Chnrhmij'.    He  has,  liowcvtr, 

directly,  to  avoid  a  little  confusion  to  made  alterations  that  would  not  bo 

be  found  in  this  part  of  Father  de  deemed  proper  now.     Coniiiare  text 

Carheil's  letter;   but,  with  this  ex-  with  Canada  Doc.  II.,  v. ,!),',  &c. 

ception,  I  have  changed  scarcely  any  ''  By  breaking  the  bark  canoes  of 

thing  in  that  missionary's  expres-  the  Senecas.    Chnrlemix. 


•-V^ 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


67 


any  thinp,  except  hep,  peace  by  all  sorts  of  Imsei  ess  ;  tliey  i  f>9°- 
have  not  even  courage  to  defend  themselves  when  attacked,  ■ 
and,  in  spite  of  every  experience  sufficient  to  open  their 
eyes,  they  obstinately  cling  to  hopes  of  settlement,  pre- 
ferring to  suffer  the  insolence  of  n  haughty  enemy  rather 
tlian  return  to  the  battle.  Nor  has  their  alliance  been  leas 
injurious  to  us  in  commerce  than  in  war  ;  it  has  deprived 
us  of  trade  with  the  English,  far  moio  advantageous  to  us 
than  traffic  with  them,  and  this  contrary  to  all  laws  of  pro- 
tection, Avhich  consist  in  maintaining  freedom  of  trade  ; 
moreover,  they  throw  all  the  burden  of  the  war  on  us, 
while  our  pretended  protectors,  with  a  conduct  full  of 
dujilicity,  seek  to  shelter  themselves  by  a  shameful  treaty. 
In  one  word,  whoever  becomes  aware  of  our  present  state, 
will  take  us  rather  for  protectors  of  the  French  than  for  a 
people  protected  by  them." ' 

There  is  no  doubt  that  Ottawas  used  such  language  only 
at  the  instigation  of  the  Hurons,  and  that  it  was  prompted 
by  the  Rat,  whom  wo  have  seen  so  active  in  defeating  all 
de  Denonville's  steps  for  cii'ectiug  peace  with  the  Iroquois. 
Information  came  soon,  even,  that  these  very  Hurons,  who 
wished  to  appear  in  nothing,  were  the  soul  of  all  this  in- 
trigue, in  which  they  used  the  Ottawas,  whose  natural 
dulness  prevented  their  modifying  any  tlung  or  measuring 
their  terms. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  Father  de  Carheil's  letter  did  not  its  effect  on 
displease  the  Count  de  Frontenac.  It  was  not  difficult  to 
persuade  that  general  that  the  evil  was  great,  and  he 
seized  Avith  eager  readiness  any  opportiuiity  of  blaming 
what  had  been  done  before  him.  Moreover,  he  thought  he 
saw  ill  pU  the  untoward  accidents  the  consequences  of 
abandoning  Fort  Catarocouy.  Yet  it  is  true  to  say  that  a 
part  of  the  reproaches  of  the  Ottawas  fell  somewhat  on 
him,  and  that  his  predecessor  had  thought  as  well  as  he, 
and  before  him,  that  to  remedy  all  this  evil,  to  humble  the 


Dh  C'nrheil  to  Frontenac,  Sept.  U,  ItiUO,  Can.  Doc,  II.,  v.,  pp.  02-104. 
Vol,.  IV.— 8 


'is 


68 


HISTORY   OF   NEW   FRANCE. 


1690.  Iroquois,  and  brin£»  all  the  other  tril)es  on  this  continent 
"^r-"-'  to  reason,  there  was  no  surer  means  than  to  expel  the 
En^'lish  from  New  York.  Yet,  it  must  he  avowed,  that  in 
place  of  that  expedition,  which  tluiy  did  not  enahlo  liiiu  to 
carry  out,  do  Frontonac  harassed  the  En^^lish  so  vig- 
orously on  all  sides  that  ho  disabused  the  Indians  of  the 
idea  into  wliich  tlu'V  had  fallen,  that  we  durst  not  take  the 
field  before  our  enemies. 

But,  before  relating,'  the  manner  in  which  ho  succeeded 
in  tliis,  it  is  best  to  resume  the  scHjuel  of  the  adventures  of 
Mr.  de  la  Sale,  news  of  which  was  at  last  received  toward 
the  close  o.  the  year  1()88,  at  a  time  when  they  almo.st 
desjiaired  of  ever  hearing  of  him,  and  men  in  France  and 
in  Canada  seem  "■  to  have  renounced  entirely  th  *  colon- 
ization of  Louysiana,  as  Mr.  de  la  Sale  called  the  country 
watered  by  the  Micissipi,  below  ih(^  Illinois  river,  a 
name  which  it  still  retains. 


;^i 


fl 


lit 

ho 
in 

to 

ip- 
he 
he 

ed 
of 
rd 
xii 
lid 
»n- 
;ry 
u 


BOOK   XIII. 


- ,.» 


(I 


1 


^■'*- 


1 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FHANf'E. 


61 


IIOO  J<      XIII. 


TiiKiti;  Ih  iKj  vii'tno  that  is  not  umrrod  I)}'  hoiug  dofoct.  16H4-90, 
This  is  the  onliuary  lot  of  humiuiity.  What  crownH  our  — < — 
humiliiitioii  is  thiit  tlie  groiitoHt  ffiults  ofton  attund  tlio 
most  ciniiii'iit  quulitios,  and  tluit  tho  jealousy  the  hitter 
iiiHpiro  aUuost  always  tiiids  a  sfji't'lous  pretext  in  the  for- 
mer to  cover  the  baseness  and  injustice  of  that  passion. 
It  is  for  those  set  to  govern  men,  to  give  light,  so  to  issue 
from  this  labyrinth,  to  separate  trutli  from  tho  darkness 
with  whicli  passi(5n  would  dim  it,  and  so  well  to  know 
those  whom  it  employs,  as  to  take  duo  precaution  against 
their  bad  qualities,  while  permitting  them  to  employ  those 
which  are  good. 

This  was  tho  chief  care  of  do  Seignclay  in  regard  to 
do  la  Sale,  when  it  was  proposed  to  accept  his  services. 
Though  prejudiced  against  him  by  do  la  Barre's  corre- 
spondence, he  resolved  to  see  him  personally ;  and,  after 
several  interviews,  he  concluded  that,  oven  admitting  the 
truth  of  part  of  the  charges  against  him,  de  la  Hale  pos- 
sessed talents  whicii  might  make  him  useful  to  the  State, 
and  he  gave  him  high  marks  of  esteem.  Encouraged  by 
this  favorable  reception,  do  la  Sale  projjosed  to  tho  minis- 
ter the  design  which  he  had  formed  of  reconnoitring  by 
sea  the  mouth  of  tho  Micissipi,  in  order  to  open  the  way 
for  French  vessels,  and  found  a  settlement  there.  His 
project  was  approved,  and  he  received  orders  to  make  his 
preparations. 

In  this  he  spent  tho  whole  winter  ;  and,  when  the  prep- 
arations were  completed,  de  Seiguelay  handed   him   his 


Lii  Salle's 
liriiJLCI  prc- 

Ptl'Mlcd  to 

Mr.  de 

Si'iiiiiiliiv 
ami    ' 

illlplOVL'd. 


t 

't; 


V£  1 


62 


16S4. 


C'Diiimi:*- 

sldii  i,nv('ii 

him. 


Ili>  oMIIil 

liiiiiidiH, 


'  I 


HHjiTORY  OK  NKVV   FRANCE. 

L'oiuiiiissi^ii,.  It  pioviduil  tluit  all  the  Fioui'li  jiiicl  Iiuliiius 
who  might  {,?■  between  Fort  Baiiit  Louis  of  the  Illiuois  aud 
New  Biscay  shonltl  be  subject  to  his  orders,  aud  that  the 
counuauelaut  of  the  squadron  that  was  to  couvey  him  from 
France  to  America  should  carry  out  all  his  directions  as 
to  their  course,  and  on  his  landing  give  him  all  the  assist- 
ance he  might  I'equire,  provided  it  could  in  no  wise 
imp:  ril  the  safety  of  the  king's  sliips.' 

Four  vessels'  of  different  sizes  were  fitted  out  at  Roche- 
fort,  and  two  hundred  and  eighty  persons,  including  the 
crews,  embarked.  The  rest  was  made  up  of  one  hundred 
soldiers  ;  i  Canadian  family,  the  head  of  which  was  nameu 
Talon  ;  about  thirty  '■,  olunteers,  among  whom  there  were 
some  gentlci'ien  ;  someyoung  women  ;  and  a  certain  num- 
ber of  mechanics  and  laborers;"  but  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  selection  of  all  these  was  far  from  ca  veful.  The 
soldiers  v  ere,  for  the  most  part,  wretclies  who  were  beg- 
ging a  living;  some  were  deformed,  and  could  not  even  tiro 
a  musket.  The  mechanics  were  no  better ;  aud  when  it 
became  necessary  to  employ  them,  it  was  found,  though 
too  late,  that  there  was  scarcely  one  who  knew  his  trade. 

Among  the  volunteers  were  two  nephews  of  Mr.  de  hi 
Sale,  Cavelier  and  Morauget,  the  former  onl}'  fourteen 
years  of  age,*  and  three  clergymen  of  St.  Sulpice  ;  Cavelier, 
brother  of  de  la  Sale,  Chefdevillo,  a  relative,  and  Majulle,' 
called  in  some  accounts  Daimanville.'  Foar  Recollect 
Fathers,  Zenobius  Mambrt',  who  had  already  accompanied 
de  la  S:ilo  in  his  discoveries.  Father  Maximus  Le  Clercq, 


'  The  Commission,  Ariril  14.  1G8-1 
(K  Y.  Col.  Poc,  is.,  \y  ii^t),  makes 
no  allusion  to  the  voyage.  These 
directions  are  in  the  Lettre  de  Ca- 
chet. Versailles.  Aiiril  \-i,  1084. 

'  Joutel,  Journal  IIist(jrique,  \>\i. 
13,  13  ;  Cavelieiv  Relation  du  Voy- 
age, p.  5  ;  Lo  Cleroq.  Etablissemeut 
de  la  Foi,  ii.,  p.  277. 

^  Joutel,  Journal  Historique,  pp. 
U,  IJ. 


^  Le  Clercq,  Etablissement  de  la 
Foi,  ii.,  i'lt,  378.  He  is  apparently 
the  John  baptist  Cavelier,  who,  with 
Mary  Magdalene  Cavelier,  wife  ot 
John  Le  Forestier,  claimed  to  be  La 
Salle's  lieirs.  Memoire  au  Roy,  1717 
or  1730,  MS. 

'  Anastasius  Douuy,  in  Le  Clercq 
(ii.,  373-;J),  Hennepin,  Voyage  (V.  au 
Nord,  v.,  p.  303). 

'  Daiumaville,  Jouiol,  p,  Li. 


'».: 


I 


HISTORY  OF   NEW   FRANCE. 


63 


"■4 


who  hn,d  spent  sonic  time  in  Ciinada,'  Fiither  Anastasius 
Douay,'  and  Fatlier  Dennis  Marciuot,"  wcvo  intended,  some 
to  remain  in  tlie  settlement  it  was  i)roposed  to  found  at 
the  montli  of  the  Micissipi,  others  to  establisli  missions 
amonti;  the  Indians  :  \mi  Fn  fli  ov  \ro-..o.-.-.-.<-  s^u: •  r    n,. 


1684. 


v  rv  til'st    il.-iy    .  I 

liih!  asliort'.  .I'l '  h 
cliido,  J.i;i:.  1,^,,   '  ,i\  ,'li  i 
soldier,  all  upr!_i.t  r.ian 
have  of  till'.  <Xj 
de  la  Sale.  wh< 


dear  htvid, 
had  h  asi'f. 


,!,    1 


:1  V.li    ^i 

hiri.  his : 

:'• 

;., 

-  -'  /.t  ■■-■  ■ 

.f        1 

A 

1 


•iMlid 

Jo   eoii- 

;..'  li<;tn  a 

'liv  one  we 

ai.-o  joiui^'d 


!S  ll,. 

iu:t{  .in. 

:r.  at    ai'iiity  and  a 

>  li  \VLrr\  .md  never 


;)ii-'    llttir  |'i.i.)ii_v 

.   iU-^   coiii'iiandid 

M'  J'     .i>  til  utei' 


.      illU'-.    ^     >! 

«,.*     1          ■..,  V,         »    . 

..tJouf.l.      ■>•.'<■ 

'*'   .  .» 

.■•■ 

:■.       .w\      i-.i      !>I,    -v     . 

•  iiisii'  of  Kb  lis  r  .'  . 

i-'i^--i' 

t  ! 

,. 

:     •■  '  - 

-  .   .i,*      r      ..s'.^      •■.      •, 

,.'  Ri'follcct  .  :.' 

I  rtKi. 

"..; 

;, 

_;'.i,j..   i'.i' 

;!!«\      i.i'ilKr)     .. 

till-!!*!  :    in   Kill. 

■    •   «l       -.1! 

Si 

.:■ 

:i. , 

\ 

very  11!!')    Fyi']'' 

-„  ;.,n 

1.! 

Ihr 

nll^p^:  1  Hilt  ill 

I'i'iliid  I5i-a(lfincK.  hJaily 

>rissipsip]ii,  ])|i.    lS4-'J'.;i) ;   Ciivulii'i'.  Vnyiiii-crs   U|)  and  down   tli(>  Missis- 

Hrlatioii    du   Voviigi-   rntri'pi'is   piir  >i|ipi,  |i.  IT8,  11.  ;  R^'lutions  Divcrscs 

fi'U  M.  Robert  Cavi'lii'r,  Sifur  di>  in  sur  la  liiitiiillr  du  Mnliinguele,  p.  x. 

Sallo,  Mnnato,  18.58;  in  Englisli  in  Sci'  nunicl,  Vw  I'luvi'  di'  Notre  His 

Sliea,  Early  Voyages  up  nnd  down  tile  t^iire. 
Mississippi,  AlliHiiy.  isr,l,  pp.  l,"i-|-..>;  |,|.  CIiti-.i  lii.'j;;),  I'lillowcd   liy 


f 


•Vj't 


:1 


A    ■•1  ^ 


'^^"d6^.^y'/'.^ 


I 


/ 1 


• 


IIISTOHY   OF   NEW    FRANCE. 


63 


1 


who  had  spent  soino  tinio  in  Cjinudu,'  Fiithur  Anustasins  1684. 
Douay,"  and  Fatlicr  Duiiiiis  Marquet,"  were  iiitendod,  some  ~— ~v  ~- 
to  rcniaiii  in  tlie  settlement  it  was  proposed  to  fonn.d  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Micissipi,  others  to  establish  missions 
among  the  Indians  ;  but  Father  Marquet  falling  sick  tht> 
very  first  day  of  the  voyage,  they  were  obliged  to  send 
him  ashore,  and  he  did  not  accom[)any  them.  To  con- 
elude,  Joutel,  a  burgher  of  Eouen,  who  had  long  been  a 
soldier,  an  iq^right  man,  whose  account  is  the  only  one  wo 
have  of  this  exjiedition  which  can  be  relied  on,^  also  joined 
do  la  Sale,  who,  recognizing  in  hina  great  ability  and  a 
clear  head,  made  him  his  lutendant,  as  it  were,  and  neve  v 
had  reason  to  regret  it. 

The  four  vessels  that  were  to  carry  this  little  colony  n,  pmiuic 
were  the  Joli,  a  frigate  of  about  forty  guns,  commanded  u,!'l,'!'i'ir. 
by  Mr.  de  Beaujeu,'  with  the  Chevalier  d'Here"  as  lieuten- 


'  Hi'  had  been  five  yi'nrs  on  the 
mission,  chiefly  at  the  Seven  Islands 
and  Antieosti.  Le  Ch'rcii,  ii.,  371-5. 
He  was  from  I.ille,  in  I'landeis. 
Hennepin,  Voyages,  p.  '20'i. 

■  Father  Anastasius  Doiiay  was  a 
nativeot'Quesnoy, in  Hainault.  After 
Ids  connection  witli  tlds  expedition, 
from  l(iS4  to  Ki^S,  he  was  Vicar  ot' 
tlie  Hecollects  at  Canibr.ay  in  Ifi'.lT, 
and  returned  to  Louisiana  with  Iljer- 
villein  KiOO.  VoyiiKeof  Iberville.MS, 

■■  Le  Clercq  gives  the  nanu^  "  Denis 
Morguet  "  (ib.,  p.  'i"t] ;  Hennepin, 
Movquet  (Voyages  an  Nord,  v.,  1203). 

'  See  ante,  vol.  i.,  pp.  87-8,  lor  » 
notice  of  Joutel.  The.othor  accounts 
are  those  of  Father  Anastasius  Don- 
ay,  the  Recollect  ;  Le  ('leic(|,  vol.  ii., 
J)]!.  3<)l)-:!77 :  in  English  in  Shen. 
Discovery  and  Esiiloration  of  the 
Mississi])pi,  \>\i.  1 84-33!) :  Cavelier, 
Relation  du  Voyage  entrejiris  jmr 
fen  M.  Robert  Cavelier,  Sieur  de  la 
Salic,  Manatp,  18,')S  ;  in  English  in 
Shea,  Earlj- Voyages  up  and  down  the 
Mississip]ii,  .Mliaiiy,  18(11.  pp.  t.-|_|3  ; 


Hennepin's  account  is  a  made-up 
atliiir,  of  no  authority  ;  that  of  Anas- 
tasius Douay  seems  entitled  tocredit ; 
that  of  Cavelier  is  enfeebled  by  his 
acknowledged  concealment,  if  not 
misrepresentation,  and  his  state- 
ments generally  are  attacked  by 
Joutel  (p.  ')}.  Tonti,  in  his  Memoir, 
gives  the  account  as  he  heard  it. 

'  This  Norman  otHcer  is  .said  to  be 
the  Count  de  Hoaujeu,  who,  at  the 
liattle  of  La  Hogue,  coiiimnnded  the 
St.  lioiiis.  the  llagshi))  of  the  Admi- 
ral, Marshal  Count  do  Tourville. 
lleniii'iiin,  who  professes  to  have 
known  him,  extols  his  valor,  expe- 
riince,  and  services.  Voy.  an  Nord, 
v..  p.  301.  He  S(>eins  to  have  been 
grand  uncle  to  Daniel  Ijienard  de 
Heaiijeu.  connminder  of  the  French 
troops  I hal  defi-nti'd  Hraddock.  Early 
Voyages  up  and  down  the  Missis- 
siiipi,  p.  178.  11.  ;  Relations  Diverses 
sur  In  Uataille  du  Malanguele,  p.  x. 
See  Daniel.  Cne  Page  de  Notre  Flis- 
t'lire. 


Le  t  len-.|  I  ii 


followed   liv 


04 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


1684.     ant,  and  tho  Siour  du  Haniol '  as  onsigii.     Anotlior  frigate 

— 1 '  of  six  guns,  the  Bello,'  liad  been  given  by  the  king  to  de 

la  Sale,  who  confided  the  command  to  two  bai'k  captains." 
The  Aimable,  0  300-ton  store-ship  belonging  to  Massiot,  a 
liof  helle  nievchaut,  and  commanded  by  the  Sieur  Aigron, 
carried  all  de  la  Sale's  merchandise ;  while  a  ketch  of  30 
ton^  v;as  loaded  with  ammunition  and  goods  intended  for 
St.  Domingo.^ 

This  little  squadron  left  Rochelle,  July  2-4, 1G84,'  in  com- 
pany with  the  West  India  and  Canada  fleet,  which  was  to 
bo  subject  to  Mr.  de  Bcaujeu's  orders  till  they  sighted 
the  Spanish  coast ;"  but  they  had  not  got  more  than  fifty 
leagues  fi'om  port,  when,  in  the  finest  weather  imaginable, 
the  Joli's  bowsprit  suddenly  snapped.'  There  was  no 
little  argument  about  this  accident,  and  as  there  were 
already  some  seeds  of  disagreement  between  do  Beaujeu 
and  de  la  Sale,  some  imagined  tho  thing  concerted.  The 
question  was,  whether  to  go  to  Portugal  or  to  put  back  to 
la  Eochello,  and  the  last  opinion  prevailed.  Tho  three 
other  vessels  followed  the  Joli,  and  tho  sqiiadron  was  not 
able  to  sail  before  the  1st  of  August.' 

On  tho  IGth  they  were  in  sight  of  Madeira,  and  de  Beau- 
jeu proposed  to  de  la  Sale  to  anchor  there,  in  order  to  take 
in  water  and  provisions.  Mr.  de  la  Sale  replied  that  they 
had  only  been  out  a  fortnight,  and  consequently  should 
need  neither  water  nor  provisions  ;  that  they  could  not  put 


They  sail 


'  ^i 


lleniH'pin  (p.  204),  says  Chevalier 
d'Aire,  now  king's  captain,  and  son 
of  the  Uean  of  the  Pavlianicnt  of 
Mctz. 

'  Of  Brouape.     lie  Clercq.  ii.,  277. 

''  Le  Clereq,  ii.,  277. 

■'  Joutel  (.lournal  Ilistorique.  p.  11). 
mnitres  d(?  barque. 

■' Joutel  (.Journal  Ilistorique.  p.  14) 
Bays  th(^  ketch  was  chartired  for  St. 
nomingo,  but  had  on  board  MO  tons 
of  munitions  and  stores  for  La  Salle. 
Le  Clercq  (Etablissement  di'  la  Foi, 


ii.,  p.  277)give.s  this  ketch  the  nanio 
of  St.  Frani;oi.s. 

^  .loiitel,  p.  14  ;  Hennepin,  p.  205. 

'  To  ( 'ape  Finisterre.  .loutel,  p.  14. 

'  .loutel,  .Journal  Historique,  p.  14  ; 
1,(>  Clercii,  fCtablissement  de  la  Foi, 
ii,,  p.  27(1  ;  Cavelier,  Relation,  p.  0. 

■■  Joutel,  Journal  Historique,  1.1-1(>. 
Hennepin  (p.  20.-))  says.  August  .5. 
Tlipy  ]iut  J)ack  to  Chef-de-bois,  liO 
Clerc(i,  ii.,  p.  270.  Cavelier,  in  his 
memoir,  gives  the  12th  as  the  day 
of  sailing. 


I 


IIISTOIIY  OF  NRW  FRANCE. 


(15 


in  at  Matloira  -witliout  losing'  a  week  uselessly  ;  tli.it  their  1684. 
enterprise  required  all  sccrooy,  especially  as  reganlcil  the  — ~^'  ' 
Spaniards,  wlio  could  not  fail  to  take  imil)ra<,'o  if  they 
became  aware  of  it,  but  from  whom  it  could  uot  be  cou- 
coaled  if  they  showed  themselves  at  an  island  so  near  the 
Canaries,  which  belonged  to  the  Spanish  monarch  ;  in  a 
word,  tliat  it  was  not  his  Majesty's  intention,  as  no  ono 
could  Ije  better  aware  than  himself.' 

This  reply  greatly  displeased  de  Beaujen,  and  set  the  (Juami  of 
crew  against  Jlr.  de  la  Sale.  A  Huguenot  passenger ':in(r(k"i'it" 
named  Paget,'  at  tliis  time  spoke  quite  violently  to  Mr.  de 
la  Sale,  who  asked  tJio  commandant  whether  it  was  by  his 
orders  that  a  man  of  that  stamp  thus  lost  all  respect  f(jr 
him.  Mr.  do  Beaujeu  coldly  replied  "  No,"  and  took  no 
steps  to  have  any  apology  made  for  the  insult.  La  Sale 
smothered  his  resentment ;  yet  there  was  not  a  so;il  aboard 
but  began  to  augur  ill  of  an  expedition  in  which  th(!  com- 
manders seemed  to  have  such  ojijjosite  views  and  interests." 

It  was  still  worse  when  they  reached  St.  Domingo ;  de  la 
Sale  bore  orders  from  the  Minister  to  Mr.  de  Cussi,  who 
commanded  for  the  king  on  that  island,*  and  these  orders 
concerned  his  enterprise.  Mr.  de  Cussi's  ordinary  resi- 
dence was  at  Port  de  Paix,  on  the  north  shore  of  the 
island,  and  the  natural  course  was  to  procee  I  to  that 
point.  This  Mr.  de  Beaujeu  did  uot  find  .suitable,  and 
proceeded  tj  anchor  at  Petit  Goavo,  on  the  wejjt  shore, 
which  he  reached  on  tJie  27th  of  September."  Ho  there 
learned  that  the  Governor  was  at  Port  de  Paix,  with  the 


'  Joutcl  (Journal  IIistori(]U(',  p.  1(5) 
Sftys  they  caino  in  sight  of  Madeira 
on  tlio  ','Otli. 

'  Burgher  of  La  Rochclle,  Joutcl 
MS. 

^  Joutel,  Journal  Ilistoriciuo,  pp. 
17-18. 

•*  Joutel,  p.  2.1,  snya  Governor  of 
la  Tortuo  or  Tortugas. 

'  Joutel  (Journal  Ilistorique,  pp. 
18-24)  and  Le  Clercq  (Etahlifsc- 
VoT..  IV.— 9. 


mcnt,  ii.,  p.  279)  mention  the 
disi)er8ion  of  tlie  flee',  Sept.  14tli. 
The  Joli  reaehed  I'etit  (iouve  firsts 
followed  by  tlio  AiniaMe  iind  Uelle. 
'I'lie  St.  Frnnrois  jiut  in  at  Port  de 
Paix  and  was  captured  hy  twe  Span- 
ish periaguas  while  oil  her  way  to 
.join  the  squadron.  Se  •,  too,  t'avelier 
(Uehuion  du  Voyage  ; .  (J,  and  ile- 
nioire  an  lioy,  Ms.) 


•1   1 

\ 

■         , 

'    1 

I 


ct; 


if'>^4 


Vosscl  los* 

Mr.  do 

BiMnicu'g 
luiilt. 


IIISTUUV    Ul-'  NENV    IHANCL. 

Clicvalicv  (Ic  Saint  liaurciit,'  the  liciitiMiant-.^'ciiLial,  and 
Mr.  Le^'oii,  iiitciidaat  of  tla^  Fi't'uch  "West  Iiulies,  who  all, 
by  virtuo  of  a  spi'cial  coipiaission  from  tlio  \\'\n<^,  had  pro- 
cooded  to  Saint  Doiuiii<^o  to  aid  Mr.  do  (."ussi  in  vcj^'ulating 
the  police,  giving,'  duo  form  to  the  adniinislration  of  justice, 
and  remedying'  sovcral  disorders  which  wove  ruining  tho 
commerce  of  that  rising  col    ly. 

Mr.  de  la  Sale  wrote,  em     i'ii'  .      lo  Governor  to  como 
ami  visit  him,  as  lie  had  nia:^,-  ;•>!'•  .  'o  communicate  for 


the  king's  service,  and  he  eoui 


ibly  leave  his  ves- 


sels to  wait  u])ou  the  Cfovernor.  Not  •  ■  Mr.  de  Cussi, 
but  tho  Chevalier  de  .Saint  Laurent  and  Mr.  Bi'gcm  also, 
■were  comi)laisant  enough  to  proceed  to  Petit  Goave,  where 
they  found  Mr.  de  la  Sale  very  sick.  Disappointment 
contributed  not  a  little  to  his  illness,  for  he  had  some  day.s 
before  learned  that  his  ketch  had  been  captured  oil'  tho 
shores  of  St.  Domingo  by  two  Spanish  periaguas,  an  acci- 
dent that  might  have  been  avoided  had  they  put  in  at 
Port  de  Paix,  and  which  tended  to  widen  tho  breach  be- 
tween him  and  de  Beaujeu." 

It  was  not  indet^d  easy  to  see  what  induced  that  com- 
mander to  persist,  as  he  did,  in  a  matter  that  should  aj)- 
parently  have  lieen  indifVerent  to  him  ;  but  these  gentle- 
men appeared  bent  on  nothing  scarcely  but  thwarting  each 
other.  A  royal  oiUcer  always  finds  it  galling  to  be  oliliged 
to  receive  orders,  on  his  own  deck,  from  a  private  indi- 
vidual, without  rank  ;  but  if  de  ]5eanjeii  was  not  disposed 
to  do  what  was  expected  of  him  in  the  matter,  why  did  ho 
accept  the  command  ou  that  condition?'     Ou  his  side,  de 


'  .Maii|uis.  .louti'l,  i).2l.  )-lii|i,  tin.'   .loly,  on  «hicli   you   will 

'  Joult'l,  Joui'iiiil  lli>t()rii|iii',i).  27;  oiiibiirU,  I  order  liim  to  coiiirnund  in 

Lc   Clcrcc],  Ktiiblihsi'iiieiit  du  hi  Foi,  all  tlmt  i-cfriirds  tlic  working  of  tho 

ii.,    p.    2^0;     Cuvi'licr,   Journal   ilu  slii|)  iliiriiii;' tin' voya,i,'0,  and  to  exe- 

Vovagi'.p.  fl.  Mi'moirt',  lTlT-20,  Ms,  ciitu  what  yon  shall  direct  as  to  the 

Hennepin,  Voyau'L'.  ]).  2IIII.  ooiir.se  to  lie  pursued,  and  moreover 

•"•Tile  Lettre  de  Cachet   m  Mr.  do  to  give  you,  when  you  have  landed, 

h:\   Salle,  Versailles,  April    12,  Uisl,  every  service  you  <leiiiand  of  him 

wa.s  as  fi. Hows  :'' llavinj,- chosen  the  except    what    may    he    aguiust   thi^ 

Sieur  do  Beaujeu   to  command  my  enfoty  of  the  said  Rhip." 


I 


HISTollV    OF   M;\V    KitANC 


C7 


!:• 


la  Siilo  (lid  not  sniliciciitly  upprcoialr  wliat  tliis  ooiulilion      i(>^4: 

iimst  liavo  cost  a  coniiiiaiKlant,  and  I'ailcd  to  modify  it  li_y  '"'''■"'    "^ 

his  iiiaiincr;  he  sliowcd  no  contidonco  in  dc  IJcanjcn,  and 

met  all  the  i>ro|iosals  of  that  olliecr  bv  saying:  "  It  is  not 

tho  kinj,''H  intention."     This  was  not  tin^  m(>ans  to  interest 

in  his  entevpriso  a  man  whoso  oo-oi)eration  was  essential 

to  its  success  ;  ncconlinj,dy,  when  ^Iv.  Cavelicr,  seein^j;  his 

brotlier  dangerously  ill,  retiuested  do  Ui  auj(  u  (o  havo  tho 

kindness  to  take  care  of  his  allairs,  lu;  jcceivrd  no  reply 

but  tliat   ho  knew  nothing  about    ilu)ii,   and    that    they 

seemed  to  him  in  so  wretched  a  state  that  it  would  do  him 

no  honor  to  intei  fere.' 

De  la  Sale  recovered  at  last,  and  as,  after  some  conver-  Tinyiiniv.' 

ill  >i^'iii  (ii 
sations  with  the  Governor  of  St.  Domingo  and  tho  two    i'i"n<iii. 

commissaries,  who  cordially  agreed  to  all  that  was  re()uired 
of  them,' nothing  detained  him  at  I'etit  Cio.ave,  he  left  it 
on  the  2i")th  of  Xovenilscr,'  more  at  variance  than  ever  with 
Mr.  de  ]5canj(!U.  On  the  I'Jth  of  December  the  s(|uadfon 
doublctl  Cape  San  Antonio,  the  western  point  of  the  island 
of  Cuba,  and  entered  Hk;  Clulf  of  ^Mexico  ;  but,  on  the  11th, 
a  violent  head-wind  forced  them  to  ]iut  back  to  that  cajie, 
where  they  anchored  till  the  IStli.'  On  the  tiStli  they  dis- 
covered the  Floiida  shore,  and,  fioni  what  had  been  pos- 
itively stated  to  de  la  Sale,  namely,  that  the  currents  in 
the  flulf  of  Mexico  set  eastward,  he  had  no  doulit  that  tho 
mouth  of  th(!  Micissipi  was  still  far  to  the  W(  stward,  an 
error  which  h'd  to  all  his  misfortunes.'' 

He  accordingly  turned  westward,  but  advanced  slowly, 
as  from  time  to  time  he  a])proached  the  shore,  and  coasted 


'  Tlioro  wasniurli  sickncsi-'.  Tliroo 
or  Ibiii'  ilieil  on  the  Joly,  (uio  <m  tliL^ 
Belle  ;  there  were  sixty  t-iok,  of 
whom   seven   or   eight    died   at  St. 


p.    7;     I[(  luii'iiin,  A'oyai;e,   p.  JOT- 
^  .luiittl,  Jdunial     instiiii(|ue,    jip. 
:')-7  ;  Le  Clerc(|,  ii.,  p.  JS'J, 

.loe.tel,   .lourniil    Ilistoriijue,  jip. 


Domin-o.       Five    or    sis    deserted     :!ll--|(l.  C.Mii.aiv  I...  Clrre.!,  Ktablisse- 
*'"''■''•  iiK'Ht,  ii.,  p. 'JS;),  wlio  says  tliey  en- 

tered the  jrull' January  Isf,  and  >aw 


•  Joiitel,    .lotirnal    Ili.storiipie,    ]>, 


28;  Le  Clereci,  Etaldissenieiit  de   la     land    in  fll'teen  days,  and  Cuvelier, 
Foi,  1).  281.  Voyau'-e,  ]>.  8,  whosays  they  saw  land 

•  C'avolipr,    lUdation  du   Voyage,    .lanuaiy  0,  ITiB") 


u 


63 


uisTouv  OK  m:\v  fuanck. 


'■■     V'i 


t  ; 


\'  'i 


1685.     iiloiiL;-  in  sight  of  liuul,  to  oxamino  whctlior  \w  could  not 

^■^r-~^  discover  wliat  he  was  scckin''.     On  tlio  lOlli  of  .Tanuarv, 
Ml-,  ill'  la  "^      .  , 

Sale  i''*"^'"*  llJS.},  tlio  H([iiadron  was,  ai-cordin*,'  to  snosccincnt  ro'ijcc- 

tllc  lUOlltll  '  -mr-     •        •      •        1        ,       1         1 

III  till'  turos,  (jiiito  nonr  tlio  mouth  of  tho  Mioissipi ;  Init  do  lu 
wi'iiwiiii  Sale,  couvinc'cd  that  he  was  off  tho  Apalachos,  passod  on 
'""'it  '"  without  sending  a  boat  ashoro.'  A  fow  days  after,  from 
souio  idea  that  tho  Indians  gave  him,  ho  wished  to  sail 
baek  to  that  place ;  but  do  Beaujeu  refused  to  show  him 
this  complaisance,  although  bound  to  do  so  by  virtue  of 
tho  king's  orders.'  They  became  more  embittered  on  both 
sides,  and  do  la  Sale,  after  unseasonable  obstinacy  on 
])Oints  far  less  important  than  this,  yielded  more  unseason- 
ably still,  Avhou  ho  should  havo  exerted  tho  authority 
vested  in  liim. 

Xliey  accordingly  held  on  tho  sanjo  route  to  tho  west, 

and  the  scpiadron  in  a  few  days  reached  St,  Bernard's 

"stX-'r'^'  Bay,   but  without  knowing  it.'      This  bay  is  a  hundred 

ni\nrs  Hay  leun-aes  west  of  the  mouth  of  tho  Micissii)i.     Hero  they 

kiinwiiiir    cast  anchor,  and  the  boats  were  sent  to  explore.     They 

wUcri;  lie  13.  ,  .  ■  1  i  .     ,1 

perceived  a  very  fine  river,  with  a  bar  at  the  cutranco, 
where  there  were  not  more  than  ten  or  twelve  feet  of 
water,*  After  considerable  coming  and  going,  to  endeavor 
to  make  out  where  they  Avero,  and  several  councils,  in 


'  La  Salle's  Ix-tter,  yUmh,  1085 
(Thunmssy,  (li'olnLcU"  l'rati(iuc  do 
la  l.miisiiine.  p.  '~Mt),  Bays  thai  tlio 
ontnuico  st'on  January  (itli,  was  tho 
iiiiiiii  clmnnol,  and  ln'  supposed  wlu'U 
writing  that  lumthiT  branch  enter- 
ed the  Iwy  vlieiv  lie  was.  lie  was 
afraidof  the  winds  If  he  attempted 
to  sail  back  to  that  channel,  and  ask- 
ed Beaujeu  to  cxiunine  it  on  his  way 
baok.  Joutel  thinks  that  they  wero 
off  tho  Mississippi  on  the  (ith  (Jour- 
nal Hist.,  p.  -14);  and  Cavelier, 
in  his  Memoire,  says  January  5-(i, 
"  We  found  a  jrroat  openinsj  which 
Beemjd  to  be  4  or  r>  leagues  between 
two  points.  It  was  the  same  latitude 
ns  l.a   Snlle   found  descending   the 


river  Colbert.  A  stron;;  current  and 
muddy  water  like  that  of  the  Col- 
bert. Mi.  dc  La  Salle  always 
thought  that  it  was  the  Colbert.  lie 
did  not  enter  for  fear  of  missing 
Ueanjeu.  Do  1'  Isle  (Voy.  au  Nord, 
iv.,  p.  .'ill.'))  thinks  La  Sallo  passed  it 
intentionally. 

'  Joutel,  p.  Gl,  Lettre  do  Cachet. 

'  Joutel,  .lournal  Ilistorique,  p. 
03  ;  Le  Clercq,  ii.,  p.  28.") ;  Cavelier, 
Relation,  pp.  8, !),  says  February  4th. 
The  bay  is  called  by  them  St.  Louis  • 
it  was  the  Espiritu  Santo  of  the 
Spaniards.  La  Salle's  fort  was  on 
Matagorda  bay. 

■•  Joutel,  p.  70  ;  Lo  Clercq,  ii.,  p. 
286. 


I 


f 


.f! 


IllSTOUV  OF  NKW    FHANCK. 

which  uothiii;^'  Wiis  iif^'i'ccil  to,  it  hciiif,'  ciion^'Ii  thiit  oiio  of 
tho  two  {('iiilui's  g;iv(i  iiri  opinion  I'ur  the  otiuT  to  oppose  it, 
do  la  SaU),  who  liioiip,'lit  hiiiisulf  not  far  from  tho  Mit'i.s.si[»i 
nntl  to  wlioni  do  Uoaujeii'H  proseuco  could  only  bo  au 
impediment,  resolved  to  laud  nil  his  force  at  that  spot. 

The  resolution  adopted,  ho  sent  orders,  on  tho  '20th  of 
February,  to  tho  commander  of  tho  store-ship  to  luiload 
tho  heaviest  articles  aud  bring  hor  into  tho  rivor.'  Ho  nt 
tho  samo  tium  ordore(l  tho  commander  of  tho  Bello  to 
embark  on  the  storc-shij),  as  ho  did  not  trust  her  com- 
mander, either  bi'causo  ho  had  his  suspicions  of  tho  man 
or  deemed  him  incapable  of  executing  tho  required  ma- 
ua'uvre  ;  but  that  commander  refused  to  receive  tho  captain 
of  tho  Bolle.'  On  thl.-i  refusal,  de  la  Sale  wished  to  super- 
intend it  ill  person  ;  but  La  Sabloniere,  a  lieutenant  of 
infantry,  and  rivi!  or  six  other  I'renchmeu,  having  been 
carried  ofl'by  tho  Indians  while  walking  in  tho  woods,  lo 
niado  all  hasto  to  deliver  them.' 

Ho  was  not  yet  far  from  tho  beach,  when,  on  casting  his 
eyes  in  that  direction,  he  perceived  his  store-ship  manieu- 
vring  so  as  to  dash  on  tho  shoals,  and  his  evil  star,  says 
Joutol,  in  his  Relation,  prevented  his  retracing  his  steps 
to  prevent  this  misfortune.  He  kept  on  toward  tho  village 
to  which  his  men  had  been  taken,  aud  on  reaching  it  ho 
heard  a  cannon  tired.  This  he  had  no  dmibt  was  to  an- 
nounce that  his  store-ship  had  struck,  aud  his  conjcctuvo 
proved  only  too  true.  It  was  regarded  as  certain  among 
all  who  witnessed  tho  accident,  that  it  was  tho  result  of 
premeditated  design  on  tho  part  of  Sieur  Aigron,  who 
commanded  the  vessel,' 


CO 


1685. 


Ill'   lose* 
Ills  storc- 


'  Joutol,  Journal  Ilistorique,  p. 
73  ;  Lo  Clercq,  Etiiblisseinont  do  la 
Foi,  p.  280 ;  and  Cavoliur,  Relation 
du  Voyape,  p.  9,  eay  tho  order  was 
to  wait  for  a  iiilot. 

'  Joutel  (Journal  Ilistorique,  p. 
72)  says  the  Pilot  of  La  Belle. 

'  Tho  party  were  cuttinfj  down  a 
tree  to  make  a  canoe.  Joutel,  pp. 
73-.5. 


*  There  can  ho  little  doubt  of 
Aigron's  guilt,  the  channel  having 
been  staked  out  (Joutel,  i)p.  71-9), 
and  tho  rcfut^al  to  take  a  pilot  show- 
ing his  intent.  F.  Anastiif-ius  says 
that  in  spite  of  tho  call  of  the  mail 
in  the  top  to  keeji  the  lufT,  ho  ran 
her  ashore.  Lo  ("lercci,  ii.,  p.  280  ; 
Joutel,  p.  79  ;  Hennepin,  p,  209. 


7(» 


IIISTOIIY   (II"   MAV    I'llANCK. 


'*'i 


1685.         This  loss,  profit  fts  it  wns  in   itself,  Imd  Htill    more  iIIm- 

''^'    ""    trcssili;^'  results.     Tin'  iiliiiiiiiiii!''iii,  ilii|ilriiicIitH,  t<n)ls,  hikI, 

(niiiniiini-  in  KfiuMal,  all  iiccilcil  for  ii  lunv  Ht'tlli'MiL'ut,  wuro  iu  tlio 

"""M'wii. '     storc-sliip.     Do  ill  Sale,  wIkjso  anxiety  to  rcsciK!  Iiin  men 

hail  exceeih'il    his  rare  to  prevent  ti   ih'eaih'il    misfortune, 

on  oll'ectinj^  his  first  (h'sif,'n,  liastencd  to  tiui  spot   uliero 

tlie  slii|)  liail   ^.iine    asluiie,  iitnl   found   all   inaetivd.     Jfo 

lie^^'ed  ?rrr.  lie   I'lanjeii    to   lend  him   his  lon^'-hoat   ami 

yawl,  and  olttainin^'  them  without  dillimilty,  iu'^^'au  to  save 

the  erew  ;  he  then  turned  his  attention  to  tho  Miwder  and 

Hour;  then  to   tlie  wine  and  hi'audy  ;    and  about  thirty 

barrels  were  taken  ashori'.' 

Tfad  the  store-ship's  boat  been  able  to  assist  tho  .Toll's, 
almost  all  mi^^ht  havo  been  discharf^cd  ;  but  it  was  inten- 
tionally lost,"  and  ni,L,'ht  eominj,'  on,  they  Inid  to  defer  eom- 
pletin;,'  thi^  uidadin;^'  till  daylight;  some  hours  after,  tho 
wind  from  seaward  .sprin,L;in^'  up,  and  the  Avaves  rising',  tho 
stori'-shi[)  was  ilriven  on  the  roeks,  whieh  laid  her  open  ; 
(pnuitities  of  goods  were  swept  thronf,'h  tho  breaeh, 
and  tossed  lo  and  fi'o  by  the  waves.  This  was  not  seen 
till  daybreak  ;  then  thirty  nimr  barrels  of  wino  and  brandy, 
with  some  barrels  of  flour,  salt  meat,  and  vej,'e tallies,  wero 
saved ;  all  tho  r(>st  Avas  lost. ' 

To  erown  their,  misfortunes,  they  bejj;au  to  find  them- 
selves surrounded  by  Indians,' who,  in  spite  of  all  jirecau- 
tions  to  ])i('vent  their  talin,L;  advanta;^'o  of  the  ondjarrass- 
iiif,'  ]H)sitiuu  of  the  Freneh,  carried  otl'  several  articles 
saved  from  tho  wreck.  This  was  not  even  perceived  till 
these  sava,!,'(>s  had   retired  with   their  booty.     Th(>v  had 

'  Joiurl,  .IiMiniiil    lli>iniii|iii',    i'.     Cidiioliijrico,  p.   294)  snys   that  tlji' 

80.  loll  WHS    on    till!    triTitory  of  tliu 
'It  wii-i  rut  liiiisc  (II- (Icstroyi'il  the     (iui'lmilnilicflifs  iiiul  UaliaiiioH.   I'n- 

first  iiiulit.      Jouti'l,  .loun.iil,  ]).  SI.  tlur  Amistiiniiis  Doimy  (Lo   C'lerci], 

^Joiitcl,   ■Idiiiiiul    IlistDiiiiiir,    ]!.  ii..   p.    oiin  iiii'iitioiis  till'  Unliiiniim 

81.  Willi  till'  yiiimna  ns  lioslil.!.     Mi.rli 
*  Tlicsr  Iiidiiui!-'   wiTc  npiiiirciitly  doc'.s   not   f;ive   tlirni  in    his  list  of 

the  Hriii'iiiiios  iCiivi'IiiM',  Kclntioii,  Texas  trihcs,  but  nppni' ii(!v  in- 
p.  I'Ji,  iii-i-li:iiis  lh<- s-anic  lis  ihi'  He-  clud.-s  ihi-iii  anioiii:  the  faranca- 
biihiimo.'jol' Joutcl.     Bairia  (^Knsayo    guuccf. 


I 


i 


IIISTOliY   (»l'   MAV    hHANCK. 


71 


loft  scvi'iiil  ciUiorH  oil  till'  .slidrc,  iiikI  tlicso  wci'c  hci/cd  :  ii,  j^^,, . 
pitty  riprisiil,  soon  to  cost  fur  iii(,ii'  tli.iu  tlicy  wci'i'  woitl',  ^..--^-^^ 
'I'lir  lihli.iiis  vctiiriiiii^'  to  icc'oviT  till  ic  caiKK's,  ciinc  liy 
lii;^'!il  on  lliDsii  wlio  li;ul  .scizoil  tln'in,  iiiul  I'lihlin;^'  tlicui 
aslct'|),  killed  two  voliiiitcci's,  imini'd  Orry  iind  DisIo^ts, 
wlioin  Mr.  do  In  Sale;  f^'icittly  iv^^'ivttL'd,  wounded  ^loniu- 
get  and  oil"  other,  but  failed  to  recover  tlio  ciuioos.' 

So  many  niisliaps  coniin;,'  in  elose  sucueHsioii  disln  ait- 
cned  most  of  tlumn  who  had  joined  the  expedition,  and 
anion;.;  others  ]Mr.  di;  Daiinnavilh^  and  the  eii;,'ineor  Sieiir 
Minct,  who  resolved  to  return  to  l-'ranee,  iiid.  'd  in  no 
small  de^'re(>  I'y  the  lan^'ua.ne  of  l,a  Sali^'s  enemies,  who 
were  eonstantly  (h'cryin;^'  his  eonduet,  and  Irealin^'  his 
pnijeet  as  a  rash  and  foolhardy  enterprise. ' 

Ah  for  La  Sale  he  never  dis[ilayed  ^'renter  resolution 
and  lirmness  :  ho  l)uilt  a  stoi'e-house,  and  throw  a  ^;()od 
inti'eiiehmeiit  around  il  ;  tin  n,  havin;.;'  taken  it  into  his 
head  that  the  river  which  he  had  entered  mij^ht  bo  ono 
of  tin;  branches  of  the  Micissipi,  he  prepared  to  as- 
cend it. 

.Vt  tli(^    same  time  learnin.n  that    IMr.  de  neaujen  was     ;Mr.  ilc 
ready  to  sail  back   to   France,  de  la  Sale   asked    jiim    to    iiini>  ii> 
deliver  to  him  the*  cannon  and  lialls,  on  board   his  \-essel,  iii-iiii^cnu- 
which  had  Ikv'u  shi|)]ied  for  his  use.     Jjeanjeii  re|ilied  that  winl-i  d  ■  hi 
all  this  was  in  the  bottom  of  jiis  hold,  and  that  he  would 
havt'  to   change  all   the  stowa^'e  of  his   ship   to   ;j,ct   them 
out  ;  that  this  operation  would  consume  more  time  Ihau 
was  left  him  to  avoid  the  usual  l)ad  weather  of  the  season 
on  which  they  woro  entering',  and   that  ho   believed  do 
la  Sale  too  reasonable  a   man  to   expose   him  to   perish. 
Yet  he  will  know  that  de  la  Sale  had  on  shore  only  I'l^ht 

I 'I'lir   party    led    l)y   (hi    ItmucI,  .".     Oiis   ami   IJcslogPs  wiTi' killed, 

Bi'uiijfii's    liiiitrimut,   went  to    ■'   •  (iiiycn     and     MoraMfjii't     womuli'd. 

Indian  hut  and  carried  oil' sonic  lii  .loiitcl,  .Iiuirii.  Ilistoriijnr,  |>p.  s-J-uii  ; 

&c'.,  and  tlu'ii  took  the  canoes,  wliic:.  l.e  ('|crci|,  lOtalilisseineiit  ilc  la  l\), 

tlii'v  could  not   iiiana^'c  lor  want  of  ii.,  j).  'Jss. 

]iaddles.     Tired  ont,  they  landeii  lor  ■'  l>'aiiianville    wrote-     n     joiirna'. 

the  nijiht  and  tlieir   Kcnlinel  lalliiiji  I'eLislea  Cassinl,  Voyaj^vs  ailNord., 

nsleej)   they  v.-ere   surprised,  March  iv.,  [i,  ;i(m. 


S;dr 


■It 


)«    :^; 


Tl 


1685. 


I,!l  Sale 

builds  two 

lortB. 


\'{-\ 


lilS'lOllY  OF  NEW  KliAXCK. 

small  fiokl-piocos,  and  not  a  single  cannon-ball,  and  more- 
over men  could  not  sec  liow  lie  had  so  iiiconveiiiontly 
stowed  away  articles  intended  for  de  la  Sale's  settlement.' 

He  gave  a  still  more  marked  proof  of  his  ill-will.  The 
treachery  of  the  captain  of  the  store-ship  was  established ; 
de  Beaujeu  to  shield  him  from  any  proseciitiou  by  do  la 
^ale,  received  him  on  his  ship  Avith  all  the  crew  of  that 
craft,  and  this  against  his  ex2)ress  pledge  to  de  la  Sale  to 
embark  no  one  without  his  consent.  La  Sale's  only 
resource  was  to  write  to  the  Minister  to  lay  his  complaints 
before  him,  a  step  which  alleviated  in  no  respect  the  sad 
position  in  which  ho  was  placed.^ 

The  Joli  having  set  sail  about  the  middle  of  March,' the 
colonists  at  once  went  to  work  on  a  fort.  As  soon  as  some 
progress  was  made,  la  Sale  appointed  Joutcl  to  complete 
it,  conferred  the  command  on  him,  and  left  him  about 
one  huudicd  and  twenty  persons.  He  himself  with  the 
rest  amounting  at  most  to  fifty  men,  among  whom  were 
Mr.  CaveHer,  his  brother,  Mr.  Chefileviile,  two  llecollect 
Fathers,  and  several  volunteers,  embarked  on  the  river, 
determined  to  ascend  it  as  far  as  possible,  j-et  he  soon 
changed  his  mind.* 

As  the  Indians  came  prowling  every  night  around  the 
new  fort,  Joutel,  whom  he  had  cautioned  against  allow- 
ing them  to  approach  too  near,  tired  several  guns  to  drive 


3* 
f 

4 


■I 


'  Jouti'l,  .Tiiiiniiil  Ilistoriiiue,  p.  (i:!. 
Tli( 111  assy  ((.iriilogii^  I'l'iitiiiiio  lie  la 
Louisiiiui!),  p.  'M,  cif's  part  ot  the 
letter  sent  back  hy  de  la  Salle  to 
Seii^nelay.  It  is  dated  ''  March  -1, 
l(ib5,  at  till'  v.-csteni  UKiuth  of  the 
river  Colhert."  It  describes  the  bay 
nt  Ieiii,^th. 

-Joutel,  Journal  Ilistorique,  p.  i)4. 

^  Joiitol,  who  had  lost  his  luemo- 
randa,  does  not  profess  to  be  certain, 
but  thinks  lienujeu  sailed  March 
4,  KiSo.  C'avi'lier  ,L;ives  the  same 
date  (HehUioa  du  Voyajre,  p.  !)),  Init 


Father  Anastasius  Douay  (Le  {.'lerc<i, 
ii.,  p.  :,'!J)I;  Ileimepin,  ^11),  says,  12th, 
as  does  the  i'rocus  Verbal. 

^  In  five  canoes.  Joutel,  p.  !)5.  On 
March  i^.  i'rocr  8  Verbal.  C'avelier 
describes  the  fort  as  havinj,'  14 
cannon,  with  cpiite  convenient  little 
houses  and  store-houses,  delation, 
p.  11.  lie  calls  it  Fort  do  Ht. 
Louis,  i>.  VI.  Cavelier  says  nothin;,' 
of  tills  excursion  of  la  Salle,  in  his 
lielallonilu  Voyage.  Father  Anag- 
tusius  (he  C'lerci,  ii.,  p.  •,>!iO ;  HiMine- 
pin,  p.   lill)  makes  Momuget  com- 


iii?<T()UV  or  M'y.v  I'Ua.ncio. 


78 


t!n  111  oil'.  l)f  Li  Silk',  mIk)  Avas  not  vit  vciy  I'ar,  not  kimw- 
iiigwliat  il  was,  rcstnriu'd  vithsix  orsuwu  incu,  luit  I'oiiiul 
tivory  tliiii;;  in  a  satisfactory  state.' 

Ho  told  Joutid  that  ho  hail  ah'cady  diseoverod  a  clianii- 
iii;;'  fouuti'y,  t'lat  ho  iiitoiidoil  to  throw  up  a  second  fort 
at  the  place  Avherc  he  had  left  liis  nun,  and  (li.it  lie  liad 
oven  ordered  them,  when  lie  left,  t(-)  jirepare  all  necessary 
materials,  lie  then  stavti'd  back  to  his  party,  and  the 
first  tlani^  liiat  he  learnijd  on  ri  aeliiiiL!,'  his  camp,  was, 
that  several  of  his  workmen  had  sullered  their  t(jols  to  l)e 
carrietl  oJf  by  the  Indians."  lie  f^ave  them  others  ;  init 
tiiesL^  fellows  lacked  something  else  besides  tools  ;  ihey  ilid 
not  know  liow  to  handle  them,  and  thi;  work  advanced 
very  sit)wly.'' 

Early  in  Jane,  the  Sieur  do  Tilleperdry  reached  the  lirst 
fort   with  an  order  adiiressed  to  Mcu'anget,  itirecting  him 


16S5. 


to  join    di,'  la  (Sale    with 
tliii  ty,  w] 


all  the  rest  of  his   men,  excq^t 


io)n  lie  was  to  leave  with  Joutel  and  the  S'eur  le 
Gros,  storekeeper,  to  .L;iiard  it.  This  was  at  once  carriinl 
out.''  FishiuL;- and  huutiii;^-  ke[)t  this  hrst  fort  in  jiieiity," 
and  the  commandant  maintained  peace  and  onlw  liy  milvl 
means  ;  lint  this  did  not  prevent  two  scoundr.;is  from  coa- 
bpiring  agaiuh.  him  and  the  siorekce[ier,  a  very  woriiiy 
man.' 


miiiiil  (lie  fort.  The  Pimc's  VciIhiI,  -  .Jniii,.l,,)(jurii;il  ilisldH^iur,  p. 'JT. 
both  .iDUtd  uiul  .Nioriingi't.  Th<!  Ih'  nd'i!^,  \t.  !»S,  that  i^iii-lv  in  Ajiril, 
two  Kc'colk-ct  lathers  wlio  wi'iuwure     1*13'),  -i,    Spmiisii  vessel     was    seen 


Zeii'ili'tus  Meiubiv  acid  Maxiiiiiis 
Ije('lerei|.  La  Sal  h' at  I  he  same  time 
eidered  the  frigate  to  enter  thi'  liay. 
I^  anohore.l  at  the  iiidiitli  of  Hi- 
viri-d  ties  Vai.-lios,  still  calU'd  I.avaca. 
J^e  Clercq,  p.  ^1)1;  Cavelier,  p.  11. 
The  point  was  called  Point  llurier, 
a  small  cnmp  being  formed  heri^  un- 
der Sieur  Hurler.  Le  (.'lereq,  ii.,  p. 
2ill.  llennei.iiii  errs  in  making  the 
frigate  eater  long  before.  Vovage,  [1. 

'  Joiitel,  .Journal  Histiu-icjue,  p.  !)0. 
Joutel  had  Vit)  persons  iu  his  fort. 
Vol..  IV, —10. 


a,  piiii  nlly  looking  lor  them,  tjoon 
aft  r,  A|iril-,'.:3d,ilirSieiirle(.iroMwas 
biiteii  l>y  a  rattlesnake. 

■'  Proc.''S  Verbal. 

'  .Joutel,  Journal  llistoriipie,  p 
10:j. 

'  'I'liey  laid  in  iisli  and  sail  for 
iuture  U:.(.     .Joutel,  Jip.  Us,  101,  lOo. 

'■  J'.ulel.p.  1(1.",.  Father  Aimslasiu.-! 
is  less  detaile.i.  ib^  makes  .Moran- 
get's  eamp  and  liuriiw-'s  lnvak-ui' 
iu  Aijril  imnudiateiy  after  Kaster. 
Le  (."leu 


li  h] 


74 


Ulr^TlHiV    OK   .NKW     KliANCK. 


i6H5.  'i'liciv  (losien  -was  to  stab  liotli,  tlicn  take  from  tlicstorc- 

^""""^''"■"^   houso    w]ia(i)\'('i'   hiliiti'd   tlieir   faiifv,   and  desiTt.     A   diiy 

Ctinspirncy  '^^''^^  tixed  fov  tlio  accoin])lisliuuMit  of  this  iiffarious  dosif^u  ; 

'.u'l'iuoi      ^'^^^  '^^^^  "^'  ^^^'^  couspiratoi's  liavin;^'  rovoalcd  it  to  Davaiilt, 

a  luiutev,  tlio  latt(>r  at  onco  waiJied  Joutel,  who  seized  the 

iiintiucers  aud  imt  them  in  irons.' 

On  the  llth  of  Jnly  ho  received  a  second  order,  dircct- 
in,H  him  to  jo'iu  de  la  Sale  Avith  all  his  force.  He  obeyed, 
and  on  rt  acliin.u;  that  eonunander's  camp,  delivered  up  to 
liini  his  two  prisoners,  with  ju'oofs  of  their  plot. 
S'ui  nn-i-  1'his  information,  clearly  exposing  tho  injudicious  char- 
tioM  of  iiic  actor  of  las  selection  of  settlers,  greatly  depressed  la  Sale. 
For  his  part,  Joutel  was  greatly  surprised  to  see  so  little 
done  on  the  fort.  Nothing  was  yet  covered  but  a  little, 
square,  stone  building,  containing  tho  powder  and  some 
barrels  of  brandy.  They  had  planted  and  sowed,  Imt  all 
had  failed  for  want  of  rain,  or  had  been  rooted  up  l)y  w  ild 
beasts."  Several  good  men,  among  them  the  Sieur  de  Yille- 
p(>rdty  were  dead  ;  the  sick  increased  in  number  daily  :  in  a 
wcu'd,  nothing  was  more  deplorable  than  do  la  Sale's  posi- 
tion. He  was  worn  down  with  disippointiuout ;  but  ho 
dissembled  M-ell.  "With  that  tirmness  of  mind  which  was 
his  loading  characteristic,  but  often  degenerated  into  a 
stubborn  harshness,  lu;  had  in  tho  highest  degree  tho 
talent  of  resource,  and  his  ingenuity  made  him  find  in 
himself  what  lacked  iu  otiiers.  As  soon  as  ho  saw  his 
whole  forces  assembled,  he  began  in  earnest  to  luiild  and 
fortify,  ilo  became  tho  architect  of  his  own  fort,"  and  as 
he  was  always  tho  first  to  put  his  hand  to  work,  each  one, 
iu  emulation,  did  his  best. 


'  Jouti;!,  Journal,  I'li.  lOt-5. 

"■'  This  was  aliout  the  luuMU'  i.i' 
July.  Hi'  put  r.ll  on  board  tliu  Hi-'ilr, 
iinil    trioil    to    iiiiike  a   raft  of   tlu' 


(^tori's  and  slept ;  tlio  next  day  he 

reached  La  Salli,'  in  eanoes.     Joutel, 
Journal  llistoriijue,  |ip.  lO.j-S. 

^  Proces   Verbal,  Ms.     Iliii    ,  nnip 


timber  he  had    dresifed,  but    linally  was  a  league   from   the   wood,   and 

buried  it,  and   luarcdied    aloui:   the  hi-i  carpenter.-^  iuc  cuupeteut.      llav- 

Bea  shore  to  an  Indian  villa;,'e,  when'  in-,'  no  Iiovsls.  they  h.id  to  drag  t'le 

they    passed    the   ni>(lit,    then     to  timber  liy  hand,   .Icuild,  p,  lOll. 
llurier's  (yimp,  where  h"  put  all  hif 


IIISTOUV    OF  Ni:\V    FUAMi; 


75 


It  was  only  nopcssarv  to  oiicoura^f! 


LTOo-l-will  ;   lint      if'f: 


la  Sale  could  not  control  his  temper.     At    the  very  tinio  "— -i-^-^ 
wliou  his  men  M-ere  wpciit  with  toil,  aiul  he  could  scarcely  i^hShIo'sca.-- 
givo  theui  the   absolute  necessaries  of  lif(>,  he  could  not  viHiy' ana 
command  himselt'    so  far   as    in  the  least    to  relax    his   "^  '''""■"• 
severity,  or    an    intlexiljlo    mood,  never   seasonable,  and 
least  of  all  in  a  new  settlement.     The  slightest  fault  ho 
punished  with  a  kind  of  cruelty,  and  there  seldo)n  escaped 
from  his  lips  any  word  of  encouragement  or  consolation 
for  those  who  sull'ercd  most  patiently,     llv  conse([uentIv 
had  the  nuirtiticatiou  of  seeing  almost  all   his  liien    siiii; 
into  a  languor,  caused  rather  by   tlu'ir  des])air  than   by 
overwork  or  lack  of   good  food,   and    which  carried  oli' 
many.' 

The  most  annoying  thing  was  that  through  the  impru- 
dence of  some  of  the  French,  the  natives  of  the  country 
declared  against  them,  and  it  was  iin]iossible  to  regain 
their  friendship.  It  seems,  indeed,  that  no  stejis  were 
taken  to  do  so. 

These  Indians  who   were  called  Clamcoets,'  arc  cruel,   Tiic  Tiuli- 
treat-herons,  of  a  perverse  mind>  mocking  disposition,  by  ih'i!  I'n'i'iH:. 
nature  ralliors,  mimicking  for  sport  all  they  sec  done,  and  "'or'ii,','"" 
so  skillfully  concealing  all  these  defects  under  a  gay  and  '-''■'""■"^■"' 
ojieu  exterior,  that  they  are  never  ijoro   to  be  feared  than 
when  they  display  th(i    greatest    frieudshii).     '^^^("J  li'T^vo 
intoxicating  hquors,  and  an;  nuu'h  addicted  io  drunken- 
ness.    One  of  their  strongest  li(pu)rs  is  made  from  a  kind 
of  bean,  ^^l!ich  they  chew,  and  then  stec])  in  water.     They 


liy  Aiifrust,  thirty  wiTr  dciiil.in-     Spiini 


illltliovf 


('jiranoa'runi'CH. 


cluililli^    tilt'     lll'illl  llll'liClltrr.     Till  sr 

wnv  I'lilliiwrcl  liy  Lr  tint-.  Car- 
MiHtiiT,  and  'I'hiliault,  i.f  Kuiicu. 
.ioutrl.iip.  ll-->  :;.  Tliil'r.Kv.sWrl.al, 


Mfirli.  Mriuiiiias  [laia  la  lli>tiii-ia  ilo 
la  I'l'iivincia  ilr  Texas,  l.ili.  iv.,  ]i, 
51.  In  linnuil'ti  T(>]>n!riaii:n(al 
L)c'.-;ci'i|itiiiu  of  Texas,  .\iislin,  l?-'(), 


(iatwl  St.  Louis,  Ai«-ll,  IS,  lOSCi,  siiys  p.    1:;7,  the   Canuicalaias   an-   nicn- 

iiioiv  than  halt' (lli'd   Ijci'on'  the  i  nd  lioued  asstill    on    I-a  llaca  li»\ ,  l.iit 

ot' July.irjiecially  th"   t^ailors,  Irmii  reduced  lo  100  ^old:  .    They   dn   n^it 

fating  Iruit,  iVe,  api^ear  in  Stem's^  list,  l!?.")l.    Sc'ajoh 

■■'  These    Clanieeets  are  called   in  ciai'i.  iii.,  p.  0:l'). 


I   u 


76 


1!IST(K!V   OK    .\i:\V    FUANCR 


16S5. 


(  liiirac-lor 

.'f  111.' 
cciliiiirv. 


l)(>ii('vo  tliiit  it  ii;;>l',('s  tlicir  liiiilis  sn])i)i(',  ami  sv/iftor  in 
I'unniiij','.  Tlif'v  drink  it  to  siicli  an  ox('(>ss  tliat  tliov  i  ft'^u 
ouly  swallow  uiid  vomit.  Tlioy  make  aiiotlirv  i'roiu  tlio 
leaves  of  Koiiio  uiiliiowii  tree,  whieli  tlicy  l)oil,  then  brew 
as  we  do  ciiocoLitc,  and  whieh  loams  eoiisiilcvr.nly.  They 
driidc  it  very  linl,  and  use  it  especially  to  vel'ri';]i  them- 
selves after  a  kmc;  march. 

j'hi'ir  eustoiiis  hear  very  little  resemblance  to  those  of 
other  Indians  whom  we  know  of  in  North  America;  but 
the.  most  s!n;.;nlar  thin,!j,'  is  their  way  of  expressin,L(  ali'e.-tion  ; 
sometimes  they  merely  blow  into  the  ear  of  those  whom 
they  wish  to  salute  ;  at  other  times  they  beo'iu  by  rubljin.i' 
the  chest  and  arms  with  their  hand,  then  do  the  same  to  tin; 
person  whom  they  wish  to  honor  or  caress.  The  men 
^■o  almost  entirely  naked,  the  wome'i  are  covered  only 
from  the  v.aist  to  the  knees.  I5oth  have  a  fearful  expres- 
sion, betoke:iing  a  ferocity  wliich  their  conduct  does  not 
belie.' 

These  savages  inhabit  a  very  fiuo  country,  and  adapted 
for  almost  all  tlio  most  useful  productions  of  nature.  The 
climate  is  healtliy  and  temper.al. ,  the  air  jiure,  tiie  sky 
serene.  The  catih^  mentioned  elsewhere,  and  commonly 
caUed  Illinois  cattle,  are  very  connnon  there,  as  well  as 
sta,u;s  and  deer.  Lions  and  ti,^ers  are  seen  there,  but 
bears  and  wolves  still  more  jilentifnlly.  The  Indian,;  !.  aie 
these  last,  by  takiii,;;-  them  4iiite  small,  and  trainu).:;  :;:-.'in  ',  > 
hunt  like  do,';s,  unless  indeed  the  auliua'  of  the  liiehin!. 
M'hieh  I  follow,  has  not  taken  for  w;)ivi;s,  do,Li;>:,  sucii  as  th' 
Canada  tribes  use,  and  which  have,  as  I  myself  remarke  1, 
si :  ni^ht  cars  and  a  lon^'  muzzle,  like  wolves." 


:'4 


1  As  til  tiu'.-c   IiKlians,  Hce  .loutcl.     (..iid  ti;r.'iv«.     La   liiirpc  (.Idunial  His 


ji.  ^4, -Mnrli  (.Meniorias,  .Ms.).  !>!  i- 
11  sn,  I'.!  I'cR'fxi'iiin  Sciitintrioiiul  A;- 
lanti'.  unlbrtuimtc'ly  c',,!!  s  not  givi 
any  dc-criptioii  iit'  tlii'  In  'inns. 

'-'  Joutcl,  p.  1','S.  and  ra,iu;r  Anas- 
tar  ivi-  (L''('li.'r('<j,ii..  ]<\i.  oTl,  &c.),  arc 


t  ;i'ii|iir.  ■[).  -M'l)  s]ii  ak»  (if  li'Uin,  ai\il 
dcsi'i'ilji's  tlit'iu  a  I'ciltlish  iuiiinal  ni' 
till'  six.  1.1'  a  Korsi'.  .As  to  tlic  use 
i)f  -wdlvcs  in  liuntin.i;',  ("iiarlcvoix 
si'L'nis  tn  liavi' r.'ail  hastily,  J(mtfl,p. 
o"i4.    Sei'  '.'harlrvdix  (Frcncii),  vol. 


»<  [o  br  irs  ami  wolves,  lions     iii..  (i,  110 


UlSmilV   ()'>■    NKW    vl'ANCi:. 


r? 


Small  c,'nmo  swavins  in  llio  conntry,  nml  tlio  river--;  are  iC- 
wi-U  stocked  with  lisli.  They  would  apiiari'iitly  lie  still  ^-^•' 
luoro  so,  -were  tlioy  not  lull  of  alli.^ators.  The  prairies  are 
alive  with  rattlesnakes.'  Oii  all  :-iili  s  you  can  pei'eeivo 
only  quit(!  level  ])lahis  extending-  out  of  si^lil,  imt  aeree- 
alily  intersected  l>y  rivers,  lakes,  and  small  woods,  wliicli 
form  a  charuiiiii;;  landsca'^e.  Tho  lields  produce  a  number 
of  herbs,  to  wliicli  p;reat  virtues  are  ascribed  ;  it  is  oerlaiji, 
at  least,  that  tlie  Indians  use,  tlanu  freely,  witlumt  bein.i;' 
subject  to  any  important  malady. 

'.rho  most  commoji  trees  in  tho  woods  arc  chestnut;;, 
walnuts,  n'ulberri(  s,  palm-trees  of  many  kinds,  and  several 
others  unknown  in  Europe.  They  all  grow  exceedingly 
tall.  There  are  several  trees  which  bear  excellent  fruit. 
Tlie  vines  with  vdiich  all  tlu-  woods  are  studded  bear  white 
and  red  grapes.  ISesides  the  ordinary  walnuts,  there  arc 
others  larger  and  very  good.'  Tilbcrts,  mulberries, 
and  banana  tigs,  iiro  found  everywhere.  Among  th(>  fruit.; 
peculiar  to  the  country,  there  is  au  egg-shaped  mw.  that 
ovows  on  a  thorny  hush,  and  is  very  refreshing.  The 
Spaniards  call  it  Tsounos,  and  arc  very  fond  of  it.' 

I'llention  is  also  made  wi  a  root,  very  common  in  tins 
district  of  llorida,  and  which  some  have  supjiosed  to  bo 
(■iiiger.  The  Indians  pretend  that  it  makes  the  hair 
grow,  and,  under  this  conviction,  rub  the  head  with  it 
after  chewing'  it.'  It  seldom  rains  in  that  country,  yet  the 
soil  is  verv  fe:tile.  Xor  is  salt  wanting,  the  sun  forming 
it  on  the  sea-shore  and  the  banks  of  sonii!  lakes,  so  that 
it  can  bo  had  with  little  trouble;  beyond  that  of  gather- 
ing it.' 


'  •T<nitol  lioro  mentions  tlio  ITnrni'cl  fruit    of   tlio    oinintia    vuliraris,  oi- 

Fnw,  111).  l'.3S_l:iO.  pvickly-pcnv. 

-  .jouti'l   mentions   ncithev   cln-t-  '  .imiii'l  nn-l  F.  AniUitn-iiir   arc  si- 
nut      nor     nmliierry     u.M'-   i:!---'i  ;  lent  u<  to  this  plant, 
tliouirh  r.  Aniis!a-ius  mentions  t)ie  ■' .loiitrl,   p,  100;    Cavetier,   lii'Ia- 
liitter.     The  largi'  nut  is  the  peean.  tion.   p.    15.     'I'hc  most  rcniaiUahir 

3  .Icmteh    p.    Kt,'.       Perhaps    tlic  Salt  lalu>  i-;  in  Hi(la!'_'o  couti'y. 


^  t' 


78 


UISTOUY   OF   NEW    FKANCK. 


1^  '^; 


'"^5'  A  litllc  i'uillicr    iiilaiid    tlicic  ;!'•(>  sovcral    otlicv  trilM'S 

who  livt'  aliiiost  iu  llio  Hamo  inaniiL')'  as  tlio  Clainooct^  : 
that  is  to  say,  who  liavo  no  fixed  abodes,  and  do  iiotli- 
iiit;'  scai'ccly  but  Iniut  and  Jlsli,  cncanniin^'  wlicrcvcr  ni,L,dit 
ovevtakes  tlimi  ;  but  tbc  l''rcnfli  liad  no  intc'vcoiirso 
■\\"itli  tluMu,  and  Joutcl  nn'ivly  f^'hvs  us  tlio  nanios,  witli 
wbicli  I  dei'ni  it  useless  to  (Micunibcr  tliis  liistory.' 

About  a  ]:un(bvd  Ica.L^ucs  t'artlici'  nortl!,  you  eomo  to 
the  Ceiiis  or  Assenis,  wlio  seem  inucdi  iiioro  huinano ; 
they  avo  more  sedentary,  cultivate  the  ^'round,  plant  In- 
dian c'(U'n,  beans,  squashes,  water-melons,  and  other  sim- 
ilar ve^^'etables.  They  also  ])lant  tobacco,  and  raise 
liorses  in  great  numbers,  generally  using  tlunn  to  bring 
homo  the  fruits  of  their  hunts."' 

These  Indians  make  war  quite  dillerently  from  all  tlio 
other  FloricL'i-  triljes.  They  are  all  mounted,  equij-ped 
with  bufValo-sLiu  (lui'crs,  full  of  arrows,  slung  across 
the  ba>-'k.  They  carry  a  bow,  and  a  small  pad  of  Imll'alo 
iiido  on  the  left  arm,  to  ward  otf  arrows.  They  have 
no  bit  to  their  horses'  bridles,  except  a  hair  cord.  Their 
stirrups,  whieh  are  sustained  by  a  cord  in  the  amo 
wav,  a.i'e  attaclied  to    i    doeskin  folded  over    twice,  and 


•  Ho  names,  p.  ISO.  npimri'iitly  bc- 
frinniii},'  ut  Fort  St.  Limit:,  ih,.  Spi- 
clH't'ts,  Kiilayi's,  Tln'uiiiu'iiis,  'I'lu- 
aui'i'iiu-ts.  Kiiilioliii,  Cliaiinii'iirs, 
K()Uiiii>,  Arlinu,  iMiciiiului'.  Alion- 
crlMii'ilu  iiii,  Koii!iilui!n'.  Koiiko- 
lu',  OiiK'aossi',  Kcrciiu'ii,  Alu'lujcn, 
Mivliny,  'I'cfaiin'ncz,  UU'iiinarhi'iii, 
Kuiiayau,  ilcracimman,  on  iIk^ 
voiilc  to  thi.i  {.'cnis,  and  to  tlir  •vest 
anil  noftliwcsit  ol'   the  Malifrne  riv- 


tlii 


KnnneliDUan,   Tolialic,    l'( 


liir,  ('(lyalii'^'iix,  Onnpien,  Picliar, 
'I'lilian.  Ivia^.si's,  Clianens,  'JVcra, 
Uiicretti's,  T.-epi'linen,  Feirontilm, 
I'lmcjco.  I'etao,  Petal',.  I'et/ai'is,  I'ei- 
.■<;  rill),  I'eihoum.  ami  Orcainpiim,  ai'- 
(iiiilinj,^  to  till' orthi'LTiapliy  of  Jon- 
tel's      nuum^i-iipt.        .Imiirl     wrote 


tliiri  aiuoiij;  the  Teao,  where  ho 
heai'il  nf  till!  Ayano  and  Canoliatin- 
110  wlio  1  U'luleredtlieSpanianls.  It 
i.s  iinpo^siMi  now  to  iiulenlity  them 
trilies.  Anions  tho.se  enumerated 
by  Father  Morti.  lew  1)ear  any  re- 
t<eniblance.  'J'lie  Konkone  may  bo 
the  Coco;;  who  weie  near  lirazoH. 
The  Thecamons  and  'J'eeameiie/, 
may  be  thi>  Tacames  amoiiu-  whom 
the  .Mi.-:sioii  of  I'lirissinia  Conceii- 
cioii  of  Aeuna  wa.-;  t'ounui'd  in  1 ;  Hi. 
La  Harpe's  li.st  of  tribes  nrar  the 
Ceni.<,  Journal  Historiipie,  p.  .'us, 
only  increases  the  confusion. 

■-'  loutel.  Journal  llii^loriiju.',  jip. 
2M-5,  ^'V'tl.  *'T  :  fonipnre  La  llarpe, 
Jonrnal,  p.  '.^13  ;  and  i'enieaut.  cli. 
xiv.,  Ms. 


<i  'U\ 


lllSTOliV   Ol'   NK\N    I'lt.vNCi':. 


7'J 


serving  as  a  siiddlo  ;  tlicso  stirrnpM  avo  siiinll  strips  of  "^^j. 
Mood  tlireo  iuflies  wide,  and  livo  1()1i,l;.  Thi'y  uro  lino  "^-"^ 
liorsomeii.' 

It'  their  prisoucrs  can  escii[)o,  and  eiitor  ouo  of  tliuir 
c'a!)ius,  thoy  cannot  1)0  put  to  deatli,  uud  ovcu  beuouio 
free,  and  nicni!)(a's  of  tlio  nation.  Tlio.so  wlio  arc  not 
fortunate  enough  to  osc'ai)o  aro  put  to  d^'ath  in  tlio 
following  manner  :  They  raise  a  IVauie  siniilar  to  that 
used  by  the  Illinois  and  other  Louisiana  tribes  described 
elsewhere,  with  this  dilVurcnce,  that  it  is  about  nine 
feet  liigh,  and  the  prisoner  is  fastened  to  tho  u[>per 
cross-piece  by  the  wrists,  and  to  the  lower  one  l)y  the 
ankles,  with  well-tightened  eords,  which  thus  sujiport  liini 
in  (he  air.  The}'  remain  in  this  posture  half  an  hour  in 
th(!  morning,  turned  towards  the  rising  sun,  and  as  long 
in  tlie   evening,  turned  towards  it  setting. 

The  first  day  they  are  not  subjected  to  any  other 
torture ;  but  they  receive  nothing  to  eat :  ami  all  the 
time  that  they  aro  uidjonnd,  they  are  forced  to  dance. 
The  second  day  tlioy  aro  tied  up  before  sunrise,  and  im- 
mediately the  whole  village  assembles  around  tho  frame, 
men  and  women.  Each  family  lights  its  lire,  and  heats 
a  dish  of  water.  As  soon  as  the  sun  rises,  four  old 
men  M-ith  knives  cut  gashes  in  the  arms,  legs,  and 
thighs  of  the  suil'erer,  and  catch  in  dishes  the  blood  that 
Hows  from  his  v>(niuds.  They  tiien  carry  this  blood 
to  other  (jld  men,  who  boil  it  in  kettles  juid  give  it  to 
the  women  and  children  to  drink.  Tho  author  of  the 
manuscript,  from  whici'  I  draw  these  details,  does  not 
say  Avhether  these  poor  creatures  are  bi;rnt,  or  allowed 
to  expin^  in  the  frame  ;  but  ho  adds  that  when  they  are 
dead,  they  are  stretched  on  a  table,  cut  in  pieces,  and 
these  pieces  distributed  to  tho  whole  assembly  ;  that  every 
family  cooks  its  share  ;  that  till  it  is  cooked,  all  danct', 
after  which  thev  eat  it.' 


'  I't'iiicaut,    Ht'latiou    ou    Aiiualo     uicaut/liulrttionoii  AiiiiiileVrntulilo. 

Veritable,  cli.,  xiv.  ^  5.  cli.  xiv,  ;;  .T,  wlioiv  ho  duijcriljHti  liis 

■'  This  iiu\ttor  is  tukoii   from  Pr-     own  vi.iit  to  thi.'  CViiiH.     It  in  no'   in 


4  ^^ 


80 


lllSTUUi    V[!'    M;\\     I'li.ANi  1;. 

Tlic!  CV'iiis  liiivo  US  iiL'i,L,'lib()r.s  tlio  Ayt'iniis,'  witli  wlioiu 
llicy  live  ill  hiiriiiouy,  iuul  who  arc  iVwcr  in  miinln'i', 
all!i(ii!';li  tilt'  Ci'iiis  tliciiiselvos,  iicconliii;,'  to  Joutul,  Imvo 
not  over  ii  tliniisaiul  iiicu  ulilu  to  licai"  ui'iiis.  Tlio  L.vo 
iiiilioiiH  ni>i)aiviitly  at  lirsl  constituted  but  oiu',  tlicir 
laiii,'uaj.';t',  tlu'ir  customs,  and  tlicir  toms  of  mind  In.'ini,'  al- 
most identical.  Tlu'ii"  cabins  aro  <jiiitc  i'ar  apart,  each 
family  liavin--  ils  iidd  aioiuid  its  own.  Tlicsc  cabins 
aro  round,  and  Joulil  comp.ii'cs  tliciii  to  b.i;-liivcs  or 
coclr  1  luiy.  There  iiro  lar^e  cabins,  not  used  as  hal)- 
itations,  but  only  for  assemblies  of  Ihe  iu!0|i|i',  either  for 
amusement  or  tlie  Iransactiou  of  puhlic  all'airs. 

Those  used  as  re  lidences  are  also  Ljeiieially  very  lar.L; '. 
Some  aro  wixty  fi'el  in  diameter,  and  contain  fifteen  or 
twenty  households,  havin;^  nothing  in  common  but  the  iire, 
Avhieli  is  in  tlu?  middle  of  the  e  ibin,  and  is  never  aUowed 
to  J4-0  out.  To  iuiiid  one  of  th(!se,  cabins,  they  plant  in  a 
circle  trees  as  tiiick  as  a  man's  thij^h,  in  such  a  manner 
that  they  touch  on  top  ;  they  are  then  connected  by 
crosy-jneces  to  hold  ihe  grass  ■with  Avhicli  the  cabin  is 
thatched.  Th.'  furnituvo  of  theso  Indians  consists  of  a 
few  very  well-dressed  bulValo  or  deer  sldiis  and  somo 
liuely-worked  iaats,  and  well-made  eardienwaro.  Thcso 
they  use  to  cook  their   moat,  sagamity,  and  vogetables. 


.Iciitfl,  pp.  212-337,  Futlicf  Alias- 
tiiniiis,  liO  CliTCq.  ii.,  p.,  IWll,  II  ir  in 
CtVcIicr,  lichition  du  Vnvnuc,  pp. 
;!J,  iMc.  Kiiilicr  Morli  iuclii.l.'s  un- 
der the  11:, uu'  of  Tt'xns  (wlilch  lie 
I'XpUiins  iis  'I'cxiii,  "  t'riunils")  the 
'I'l  XiUs  AKiimis,  Niivoilaehiis,  Kult- 
codiiche.a,  Niiroirdo  •hes.  Niidi)COi;B, 
Ahijites,  ('()diif,'diicli.  .;,  and  Nas- 
soniti.  These  Texui',  in  1T(!1,  were 
governed  by  Snunte  Adivia  ((ireat 
I-iidy),  a  chiel'tainess  with  tour  luis- 
hniidr.  Penieaii*  [itati's  (juitu  dear- 
ly tliat  tile  ]  risoner  was  Med  to 
deaih  (ill  tlh'  iinme, 


'  lilviih'iitly  a  nii.-ipriut  for  As- 
Sony,  mentioned  liy  Jouti^l,  .lour- 
nal  lIi.;tori(|Ue,  p.  213.  Tliey  met 
n  man  oi'  this  trilio  who  showed 
them  a  printed  Spanisli  dociimunt 
(.loutel,  p.212;  l.e  (Mercq,  ii.,p.  ;!.>1)  j 
but  thip,  ])rol)alily  I'rom  State  mo- 
tives, is  not  hen-  mentioned  by 
Charlevoix.  Cavelier  aNo  men- 
tions, p.  1:J,  fitidiiiir  nmonL,'  a  tribe 
next  to  the  Bruoaiuos  a  column 
with  the  Spanish  arms.  The  Asso- 
nis  are  evidently  the  tri'ii-  else- 
wiierc  called  Nrssonis.  Le  Clerc(], 
ii,,  p.  'i'''>. 


! 


mSTORY  Ol"  NF.W   Fi!AN(T.,  81 

The}-  have  also  biiskets  iiiadi!  nl"  ('iiiie.-i,  in  wliii'ii  lliov  '^^S' 
keel,  their  Iruilrf  and  other  provLsioiis.  Tlieir  beds,  raised  ""■  ' 
three  feet  I'roin  tlio  j;r(muil,  are  made  of  a  iVauie-worlc 
of  canuiS,  neatly  arranged  with  mats  and  skins  dressed 
with  the  hair  on.  Both  tlieso  serve  as  mattresses  and 
OTVerlcts.  The  beds  are  also  separateil  by  mats  huii^' 
as  curtains.' 

When  the  season  is  come  for  tilling  the  i^'round, 
scnuetimcs  a  hundred  persons  assemble,  men  and  wouicn 
apiirt.  Thus  they  laliur  till  they  have  cultivated  a  eer- 
/ain  portion  of  f,'round,  the  owner  of  which  then  re.^ales 
the  laborers,  and  the  rest  of  tho  day  is  spent  in  dances 
.and  diversions.  The  next  day  they  bej,'iu  again,  and 
this  lasts  till  all  the  lieUls  are  tUled.  Tho  labor  is  not, 
liowever,  toilsome  :  they  content  themselves  Mith  turning 
over  tho  surface  of  the  ground  with  a  large  stick,  split' 
at  the  end,  inserted  in  another  stick  that  serves  as 
,a  handle:  for  tlieso  tril)(>s  have  no  iron  implements.  When 
all  tiie  lields  are  tiuis  i)n'[>ared,  the  nuju  withdraw:  sow- 
ing the  seed,  as  wi'U  as  all  the  indoor-work,  beiug  left 
solely  to  the  women. 

These  Indians,  both  men  and  women,  are  well-formed, 
and  their  features  arc  not  miturally  disagreealjle  ;  Imt 
they  prick  and  [)aint  themselves  like  the  Canada  tribes. 
This  they  fondly  regard  as  a  beauty,  although  it  disilg- 
ures  them  greatly  in  tho  eyes  of  Europeans.  They  are 
not  l.etter  dressed  than  the  Clamcoets,  except  when  the 
north  wind  blows  :  for  then  they  cover  themselves  with 
bultalo-rob«;s  or  well-dressed  deer-skins ;  but  they  never 
ha^e  any  thing  on  their  heads.  Their  manners  are 
not  very  ilill'erent  from  those  of  the  Louisi.uia  tribi;s. 
The  womea  are  not  very  ditlieult  to  S(;duc(j ;  bat  if  sur- 


-TCCJ, 


'  .Tuutol,  Jcjuiniil  Ilist()ri(iue,  pp.  madu   cloth  nf  Jkiiv  and   uf    fcatli- 

C1T-','11)  ;  FiuIkt  Aaasta.siu.-i,  in  Ll^  m's, 

Clorcii,  Elabli>3ciiu'iit  do  la  V»i,  ii.,  ■  'I'lii^^  sli.iuld  Imj  "  iidiimMJ."    .Tou- 

p.  tl20.    Cavoliur,  F.clatiiin  du  VdV-  U-\.  Jonrnul    llisturbiiio,   [ip.    ^I'J- 

aj-u,  pp.  o'.i-U,  luiuii'iuti  that  iliuy  i'M. 
Vol..  IV. --11. 


82 


iiisToia  (M'  m:w  riLwrr: 


i'')'^5. 


r 


i 


'  f 


jiiisud   liy  their    Imsbamls  in    iuliiltrrv,  they  I'.'iro  bri  l(y. 
Tlio  I(.'ii-l  tliiit  tan  hul'iiU  tlicni  is  i.  piiili.ition. 

Tlu'V  liavi)   no  d  n;[)lij  or   imy  lliiii;r   Ji  n()lii>,L;'   tui   or- 


ilcirt'il 


;ion 


Avursliip      Yet  tin  v  do    not   .'-acih   devoid   of  ndi- 


or  v/iHi 


1  tl 


■rain  is  v'un\  tlp'V  "•ivthor  a  cfrt 


ur 


quantity,  uliirli  they  ]>nt  into  ;i  liaskot,  end  tlicso  liaskol^ 

arc   placed  <  i)   n    kind   of  podc-tal,   .si't  ai'art   c-jH'i'ialiy 

for  tliis  puqio.ic.     Tlun  an  old  in;;n,  i.vtcndiiiL^'  his  liandu 

over  them,  roeites  (iuilu  n,  loir^-  foi'nmla,  beloro  lio  dis- 

Iribulcs  the  c-nrn  among  tho  v.. »nion.     [t  is  not  lawl'id  to 

eat  tlio  Jicw  corn  till  a  v/cek  afti.T  tliis  cc  remony.     Thi- 

same   ceu  niony  is  ol)si'rvcd  in  some  ropasts  which   arc 

inado  in  common.     Tho  sa'^'uniity  is   not  handed   ai'ovnid 

to  tlii>  gnosis  till  it  is  |int  in  a.  ^■ess('l,  set  also  on  a  stool, 

and  an  old  man  has  recited  .    ■  nirmuLi  ovi-r  the  viands, 

wilh  outspread  hands.    So,  too,  when  ii  yi  ang  man  is  armed 

for   the   iii'st   tinu',   and   is   on  tho   point   of  sowing   lii^s 

ground,  his  arms  and  .seed-corn  aro  similarly  coiisecrutedj 

as  it  were.' 

Air.  flola       ■^re.anwliile    do   l;i    Kale    .".t    last  completed   his  fort,  to 

i((  scfk  till)  V, inch  lie  gav<3  tlio  name  ol  bt.  Louis.      Ihen,  uiialue  to 

by  .sea.'  abandon  the  idea  that  the  Mieissipi  enjptied  into  the  liay 

where  he  l;ind<;d,  and  which  he  called  also   St.  Louis  bay, 

lie  resolved  ti;  sail  aroniid  it  iu  his  frigate,     jb^  (  nibarked 

in   the  m.iiith  of  Octolior  lea\ing  in    his  fort   thirty-four 

'  ,Ji)Ut(.'l,  i.ji. 'M'l-"JV!"i.  li'Miy  n  lii  s.     Mddi,  .MriMnrius  ii:irn 

'  .Iii\i1il,   ;■,     I2'!.    clooi'ilii'.s    this  l;i  histori'i  do  In  |iMviii('iu  ui' '^l■Xil^. 

I'cirt  as  nboii' '.^7    N.,  two  Icr.jrui.a  iu-  It   wcmlil,  tlu-n'tViri\  nvm  tliiu   tln' 

laiiil   Inim   tin;   buy,  .iml    near  Uk;  1"1  t  «iis  uii  tlic  Sun  AiUonio,  wliicli 

rivrr,   (Ml    a    liiU    in    lliu    inurir.-i,  iiiii)tic.s  into  ^i^•l'i!•itl.I  Sieito  buy, niul 

with   tliii  l..ay   S.  uiul   W.,  uml   \\i::  not  (in  the  I^nviira,  w'.iich  (.■inpiiu.s 

liver  !•".  (()  N.     A   lilufV  run   ulmi!;  into  .M;.ia>;iir(lu  l)uy,  n"  us-.nnu(ll)y 

<lic  riviM',  nnil  l)'-t\v<.'(.'n  til..' blu'il  iipil  Spurlis.    l.ili.    vi    l.a   [>uk'.    p.    l;JI  ; 

til'  Ibrt  bill  Wiis  a  .swuinji.     'Hie  ?it"  l^'inc'-dl't,  Hi.  t.  ol'  the  V.  Stutc!'.,  iii., 

wus  visited  by  Dun  .\nilr.  .-i  ilc  Vr:-.  p.   l^ii;  Vdukiim.  History  (it  Texas, 

in  I'iSO  (li,,!'('i;:,  Kn--uyo  ('i'i.no|...:i('o,  p.  I'.i.  nlujin  we  follij-.vi'd  on  p.  ds. 

;>.  'Jl).")) ;  un  1  on  tlu'  lllhol'  .\]'i :!.  1  i'J .',  I'l c  l!iM-nuhi"d  \.  i  i     i-  (p.  ',  'r  |ih\cc3 

a  iii'.v   oc:.i  :'.;■■. il  i'"rl,  culli  .!  ^'..lllu  I'.n- pn>',;i  i  of  l.ni,;.)  ■  ii  .Mui;i;;'.nla 

Abii-i.i   ilo   i.or,  111   (!i'    la    iiuliia   lUI  i'.iy.  w  liil,.  bo  u.infiis  Hut   llir  laiw- 

]'.,., iiii:u   .'aut'i,  wus  bu'.it    ii"i'i,  on  ^-iou  \vu.:  mi   tii>- .--un  Ajiionio  ;  bn!, 

iIk-  t-iio  oi'  b.i  S.iIK'h,  by  (lie  .Sj.uu-  iViiin  ->lorliV  hiui.iaiiii,  tli.'  ;  losiuin 

iauis:.     \\ ',:  :  ■  >'ii,  __,■.',;;■,  tlicy    louul  .vi,;  el.  ,u'ly  or,  ;:>;.iri.i\  S:.!;,.' I  .ly. 


ni:9T0H\    OF   NKW    FnANCl'!. 


88 


■rsoiis    wnilcr  tin;  coiniiiaud  <>[   .li)nt(  1,  fi.vl)iil(lin"  t!i 


)(1 


OUICC 


to 


riH'i'i\( 


!I1V  (>l 


tl 


Ki.-iO.   wliuiii    lie   IdoI;   with    liiin, 


tmliiss  till  V  liiiiuli-'d  ill,  a  letter  in  liin  liiuulwiil; 


[f^ 


was  V.  very  ^^ood  i.)iina;j;or.     IIu  was 
loss  do  la  Halo  most  ktioulv  roKi'ottod. 


ouo  o 


f  tl 


lOftiO 


wh 


After   tho   departure  r' 


1^,85.6. 


'lad  roeiMitly  Inst  the  Sii'tir  Le  Ores,  who,  having'  Ixnii  i>il 
iiy  11  rattl'.'Siiakc,  and  iinl  kiiowiiifj!  tho  prcsoiit  rtMiudy 
'oviiid  o\((iTv.li"ro  Imi'  tniit  Mti',  liad  bciii  oMij-'vd  to  stili- 
uiit  tl)  an  au;|.uliilioii  ol'  thi^  I17;,  and  died  somi  iil'tcr  tho 
opei'ation."     Tliis   storckiM^por,   useful  iu    ii'aiiy  rcspocts, 


OSU 


L.ato,  more   linn    three 


months  ckpsoil  boforo  f  ly  tidinr;s  roacliod  (F(irt)  St. 
Louis.  At  la-it,  towards  tho  middle  of  January,  Knii,  very 
'^ail  iuti'lii'^onco  was  brou^dit  by  tlin  Sicur  .Duhaiit,  whose 
Vdun^-cr  brotlior,  Douiinic!,  had  r.'Uiainod  at  IIp.^  fort. 
Tho  filler,  who  iiad  followed  do  la  S;do,  arri', ed  v.!ihi>ut 
briii;,nii^  fujy  Kltcr  from  him.  Ho  was  ulouo  in  a  (.'aiioe, 
;i!id  was  hoard  uno  ni'^lit  calliD^' his  brother.  The  sonli- 
•lel  iiotiliod  tho  commandaut,  who  at  iirsi  feared  l!i  if 
.some  mi'laiichiily  aoi'ident  hi^.d  h:!pjM.'i:ed  ;  ho  advaiiood 
to  addi'css  Diihaut,  a)i  1  after  the  latter  had  assured  hin; 
that  lie  la  Sale  A\as  iu  perfo'-t  health,  ho  aslceil  him 
whether  he  had  his  wiitten  pcrmissiou  to  ri'tuni  to  the 
I'ort.  Duliaut  replied  iu  the  ne;j,ative  ;  but  he  e'avi;  so 
nj-ipareutly  sinren'  ini  aeeMmd  of  what  nceasIiHicd  his 
return,  that  Joutel  believed  he  mi:^ht  waive  eiifurcin^'j;  the 
order  already  uumtioued.  He  ueeonliiiely  ])ermitteu 
Duhaut  to  cuter  the  fort.'  Thi'  man's  aeeuuut  of  liis 
■adventures  was  as  J'ullov.s:  On  arriviiif^  iu  si,e;jit  of  his 
.1'rigale,  do  la  Sale,  he  said,  sent  live  of  his  best  men  to  it 
fujoiniug-  them  to  advise  the  pilot,' from  him,  to  sound  the 


uiehora''c   h)    n 


boat. 


The    pihit    obeyed,  aud^sjient    a, 

'  Jeiiti'l,  Journal  lii-tiriijuc,  IK!,         •  Ilr  ilicd  .\ug-,   -JIJ,  lO^o.    Juuti  l 

III!  tluTu  clian,-".-*  with    iiincoimry  p.  II'J. 

till!  nwiuiii   lit'    F.    Aii!islasius   (l.c        ■■  .Foulel,  .leiinml  Iii«-lnii(iiii'.  jip 

Clurcq,  Ktablisscnii'ut  de  In  l-'ni,  11  .  lOtl-l. 

p.  2'.li!i  as   til    wliat  btur.^s  Im    Imil.         '  'i'liis  piln!, 'I'.'vicr,  was   in    ('(imi 

Cavflii'r,  lu'laliiui  ilii  \'(ivaui',  ]).  in.  iiiaiul,  the   iMi.tuiii    having'    iIumI  nf 

savii  tlu'y  sfi  out  N')V.  1,  Ulbo;  Juutfl  tiibijam'.     Pmci'-.s  N'nlju!,  ,Ms.      Hut 

;  .;■■<  in  IX-tuliiT  sci'  imtf  4,  iiugcj  b(i 


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Sciences 

Corporation 


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nrsTORT  or  new  FUANi^n. 


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•ill 


1686.     •n-lmlo  (lay  in  tliis  duty;  ni  nij^litfnll,  njiparortly,  fmdiii;,' 

"^ '  "^^  liiiiisclf  tir(>il,   111!  went  aslioro,  witli   those   wlin  ln'mi^ht 

Scvoini  <if   liiiii  (li,.    (inlor,  ami  Imilt  u  fire.     Tlu'ii  (liov   fell   aslcoi-), 

111.'   Kr.'iKh      .  .      '  .  .  •'  '  ' 

iiiiui-iicre  I   williont   takiii''  aiiv  precaution  against  tlio  Indians,  wlio 

si'ciiit,',  liy  tiic    liri',    tliat   tlioy    were   Frcnflinicn,   cniil 

ii|>  dnriiij,'  tiio  !iiL;lit,  killi-dtlio  sixinen  wliilo  sound  asleep, 

•  and  di'sfroycil  their  bnat.' 

Ji.i  Sal(!  not  seiMn.L,'  them  return  at  the  tinio  appointed, 
went  liimsclf  foi  them,  ami  found  the  sail  remains  of 
tiieir  corpses,  whicli  wolves  or  other  carnivorous  beasts  had 
almost  completely  devoured.  H<3  especially  de])l<>red 
his  pilot,  a  skillful  man,  and  soon  had  still  ^i-eater  reason 
to  rej^'ret  him.  Jfe  then  made  the  frij,'ate  eome  further 
up  the  hay,  and  sent  on  board  ail  tho  provisions  which  he 
needed  fin*  tin;  enterprise  that  he  meditateil,  and  left 
in  it  some  of  his  j^i'ople,  whom  lie  forbade  to  leave  it 
without  an  order  from  him,  or  ^'o  ashore  without  an  escort. 

'I'his  do!i(\  he  embarked  with  twenty  iniMi  in  two  cmoes 
to  cross  tho  bay,  and,  as  soon  jis  he  reached  the  other 
side,  h(!  sunk  his  two  canoes  in  the  wat(>r,  and  j/ursued  his 
joiu'ney  by  hind.  After  some  d.iys'  march,  he  canu!  to 
the  banks  of  a  tine  river,  which  he  called  tho  3Iali,i,'ne  : 
a  litth'  farther  on.  Duhaut,  havinj.,'  loitennl  behind  tlio 
rt>st,  1,'ot  lost,  and  before  he  knew  it,  f(mn<l  himself  in 
sit^ht  of  Fort  St.  Louis.  As  there  was  nothin,!^'  improb- 
able in  his  story,  Joutel  could  not  refuse  to  credit  it,  and 
contented  himself  with  a  close  watch  on  DrJiaut's  move- 
ments. 

About  the  middle  of  the  month  of  March,' de  la  Sale  ar- 
rived iit  St.  Louis  in  a  most  wretched  j)lij;ht  with  his  brother, 
Mr.  C.avelier,  his  nei»hew  Moran.u;et,  and  f;v.>  or  six  m(Mi, 
ha\In,n'  sent  the  icst  to  look  for  his  frigate,  as  to  which  In; 
felt  sonu'  anxiety.     Althcmgh  he  Innl  not  found  what   he 

'  Jiiutil,  .Icmniil   llirtor'M|iii'.  jip.  •■  .Imiti-l.  .Iimrn;i)   I!ist(irii|iii>.   |i|i. 

I'.M-;!;  CiivMi".  Ilcl.ition.  p.  :)().  V.':',-i;;i>.  T!ii' IVoci'sWtIiuI  nayn  the 

'  Diiliiuii's  statiiuc'iu  in  .Tmitcl,  p.  !2  Itli  iif,Marc)i ;  C'lvclior.  Hiliition  dii 

VJIl.tiiuki  sl,ii  S;vll.'wii  1  \v.f  lin.ili  T,  V.iyii^'c,  p  '.".i,  says  Miircli  ;^0,  lOsi!  ; 

(';ivcrKi',  on  lio:inl  (it'ihr  IJuUi; ;  liut  !•".  .\lms!a3iu4^LcCl^.■^Cll,ii.,u'JiiJiaT» 

('aVkJicM'MluT.iUiit  (.'lualiuri.  '>H»l. 


HisTouY  OF  Nr:w  riiANci;. 


85 


Boiil^lit,'  lio  Roonii'il,  on  tlic  whole,  sixtislircl  with  his  cNciir-  i''S6. 
Rio.i,  iiiul  said  tli.it  ho  liful  Iruvcrsi^d  vcrv  line  distilcts.  ~""~<'"~ 
'I'iiis  dill  not  iiii]irove  his  alViiii-.-5  um<h,  as  no  one  knew 
l)rtt<i' than  hinisi'lf;  but  ho  felt  the  iicocssity  of  not  dis- 
(.'oiiMi^in^  his  men,  and  he  was  an  a('Ooni|ilislu>d  master 
oi'  the  iirt  of  oloakin^'  his  disa])i)ointnunt.  Tho  si;:ht  of 
Dnhant,  whom  ho  (h^oinoil  u  deserter,  troubled  him  some- 
wli  It  at  lii'st.and  1h>  asked  Joutel  why  he  had  roocivrd  him. 
ooi  trary  to  ordi^rs.  Joutel  oxphiinod  his  reasons,  and  he 
seeiiu'd  satistiod. 

';"he  next  day  ymn;^  Cavelier,  his  nephew,  and  all  whom 
he  had  sent  to  look  for  the  fri,L,ato,  returned  to  the  fort, 
and  told  him  that  tliry  could  learn  nothing  of  it.  This 
tlinw  him  into  a  ^real  perjiloxity,  bocauso  ho  had  left  on 
l)oard  his  linen,  olothos,  pap(>rs,  and  most  vahiablc  ctVicts. 
]\r<roover,  his  design  was  to  uso  this  vessel:  first,  to  ascmd 
som(M)f  the  rivers  that  he  had  discovered  ;  tli(>n  to  dis- 
paU'Ii  it  to  tJK:  "NVost  Indies  to  ask  assistaneo  ;  or,  to  em- 
bark in  person,  and  reconnoitre  all  the  shore  of  the  (lidf 
of  !\rexico  till  he  found  tlm  ^NFieissipi,  il  hi  -honld  lose 
all  hoiH"  of  enterinj,'  that  river  by  one  of  the  streams 
emptyiuL,'  into  the  bay.' 

lie,  howevir, adopted  his  course  with  his  u-<iial  Tirmiiess, 
anil,  towards  the  c  nd  of  Apiil,  set  out  on  a  new  expedition.' 


'  .louti'l,  )i.  lliT,  says  "  nltlmimli 
l;e  iinil  iii't  liiiiiul  till'  filial  rivir," 
T.'t  Cnvclirr  pi-.'icnilH  (Hi'lution  dii 
Viivii,;,'!-,  \t.  •,".)!  tlint  he  ilid  rcncli 
tl,.'  M'!>sissi|i|.i,  MnrHi,  Kith,  llisc, 
:uiii  li'!'i  61)1111.'  nun  in  a  t'nrt  tlnn'. 
iifUT  liillinp  in  witli  Konii'  Shitw- 
iiOL'.*,  wlio  liail  liiliMijicil  to  thr  ]!inly 
wilii  whidi  he  ilcwi  iiiU'd  tli.'  Mis 
:<i»Ki|iI'i,  in  KiStJ.  Knilicr  AnnslnKius 
(I.o  CliTci),  ii..  11.  'J71I;  lli'inu'iiin,  \i. 
',M7i  pays  "  Tcli.  l.iili,  Iti^il,  lie 
tho'ight  Im  fniinil  the  rivrr."  In 
'I'unty'rt  Wdik.  ii.«  t'lbl  I  ."inU'd,  Cave- 
lier Baya  tlii'  Baiiio  (  Vnyagi'H  au 
N'lirJ,  v.,  \\  IVl) ;  but  Juutul  rul'uli.'» 


it.  .Tiiiininl  Ilistorii)iir.  ji.  .iri.  S'M' 
Kariy  Vnyiifi-i's  iiji  and  down  llic 
Missi.-iuiii;ii,  ]i.  'i'.K 

'•'  .loiiti  1,  .Iimrnal  Histnniiiii',  \<]<. 
lliT  S  ;  ('avt'lii'i'.  iiflatiiin  ilu  Voynf;!', 
11.  CD  :  F.  Anaslasiiis,  in  I.i"  ('lirc(|. 
Klalilissiiiii'iil  di'  hi  Fni.  ii.,  |i.  Vl'.is. 

"  .Iimtfl,  ■Iiiiiriial  IlisHiiii|Ui',  |) 
1  to.  Cavi-liiT.  Iiiliiliiin.  p.  ".',  siiyf 
April  llitli  :  liiit  Cavi'liiT.  in  tin' 
ToMty  in  thr  V.  nil  Nurd,  v.,  p.  ]">. 
and  Falhrr  .'.naslasius  il.r  CIitcci. 
ii.,  p.  "0;>;  Ifiiiui'piii.  p.  201 »,  eay  the 
2','d.  FutliiT  Anastiisiiis  dii  lares  hi- 
was  oni^  111"  till-'  party.  Joutol.  pj) 
110-lir,  is  coulubod. 


80 


rilSTOItV    Ol'    NIAV  FRAN'Cr,. 


1 1 
I 


J    ■    1 1 


1686-90.  Sonic   days  after  his  dopfirtiiro,'  Mr.  do  Clicfdovillo,  tlie 
""^^'^~~'   ^laiqiiis  di'  l.'i  SaMouiiii  ri',  and  somo  nf  tin'  oilier-','  wli) 

Wreck  of  ],n,|  remained  on  tlu;  I'clK  ,  arrivod  at  St.  L  )uis  in  a  lioat, 
witJi  his  clotlus,  a  )iai"t  of  his  ])a])-'>r  ,  liis  liiuii,  and  sonio 
provisions.  Joutd  askod  thciii  whom  liio  fii^'ato  was, 
and  tlii'v  rcpUod  that  it  IkuI  run  ashore,  and  f^ono  to 
pioc-s.  Tlioy  rolatcd  to  liini  the  circnmstan  •  's  of  this 
now  niisfortniK>,  whioii  (h'jjrivcd  d''  la  Sale  of  the  only 
rpsourco  on  whic'i  ho  could  v^'ly  alter  si.  many  disa])- 
pointmcuts.  Accordin;.:  to  thorn,  it  happoiiud  iu  this 
way  : 

Tho  ship  boinp;  out  of  water,  tho  Siour  Plantoro-o  wont, 
with  six  othors,  to  ;^'ot  a  frosli  sniiply  fro;a  tho  noan-.t 
rivor.  As  they  wori>  returning  o!i  hoard  with  their  I  )a  1, 
head-wiinls  detained  tln'm  a  long  time, and, night  overt  il:iiig 
them,  thov  (MHild  not  I'eaeh  tho  vessel.  Those  on  lioard,  who 
liad  witnessed  their  oil'orts  to  return,  liglitod  a  tiro  to 
guide  them  in  tin*  darkness;'  Imt  when  tho  ih'o  wont  out 
soon  after,  no  one  thought  of  rel.indling  it,  and  neither 
the  boat  nor  any  one  belonging  to  it  ever  apjieared. 
'I'hey  waited  for  them  som^'  days,  but  in  vai.i  ;  at  la  4,  the 
crow  of  tlu!  frigate,  ]n'ossed  l>y  thirst,  or.^leavored  to  get 
nearer  in  to  tho  settlement,  which  was  only  two  haguo.s 
oil',  on  the  bank  of  the  rivei';  but,  th"  o\treme  wo.ak- 
iiess  in  whioli  all  had  fallen — jierh  ips,  l,)i),  waiil  of  skill — 
prevented  their  working  the  sliip  in'opialy,  and,  an  advorso 
wiud  sjiringiiig  uj),  the  vessel  w.as  driv,  ,1  a-iioro  on  tho 
opposite  siih^  of  tho  bay,  and  stranded.' 


.leulvl,   ■Iciurn:il    I!istiirii|ii('.   p. 


tiTII. 


.avcncr  .'^, 


t''n  sliiii 


;io. 


Krtili' 


.\ii!ista.-i'i 


liy  il;"  l!i!ic'ua'is.    Hilntioii,  \y  II'). 


'I'll.'  !• 


V, 


•rliiil   tri'ii! 


|U:I 


I'licMcvilli',  llic  «'ai)tnin,  iiinl  Inur  in  Inlsc.  niul  cliarjios  ihiit  iho.j.'  on 
othrr-i.  !.(>  ('IiTiii.  lCl:l!  'is.icmriU  tin'  lirlli'  cill  tin"  c.iMiS,  and  WiTi! 
c!i'   la  V»\.  ii,,  \>-  -ll!'.    .louiil  m!\s    cndi'nvDi'ing  to  jrit  to  m  a,  whi'ii  slic 


(.'lifCilcvillc.  tlic 
(plhiTf.     .Jniiriial 


■  iiii'i|Mis,  all 

1..  :;i. 


1 1    r<| 


iliT  (■  niai'.n'Hi 


MVSlT.iS     It 


Xl'l,    111" 


■  (  T. 


ilot 


■'  ,Ii)iiti'1,  J.ne'M.-il   llisliiriiine,  p)).     — a  sccoii  1  iiiit'  1  I' tln' niiiii.;.  appar- 
Itl-'J,  citiiur  Mr.  ClirM.'vill.'.    '111.'    .nily 
lire  was  biiiiply  a  camlh'  in   a  Ian- 


illlnliV    or    NKW   rilANC!:. 


«7 


Tlu'so  poor  jiiMj.l-,  tliiis  wrci'l;.- 1  in  ,i  (ksjl.-ili-  CDiuifry,  i''>^^>-0°- 
ami  (Irstitiilc  of  lioiits,  siiw  no  means  nl'  isim[io  luit  !iy  ^""^  ~^' 
biiililiiii,'  It  ral'l  t.)  cro^;  tli.'  Lay;  \,'.\[  tli 'V  Imllt  it  so 
urctclicill;-  lliat  lln'  IVw  who  risktil  iIumumIvi  s  on  it,  w.  ris 
nil  ilrowiicd.  'I'll"  otliiTs  Imilt  a  sceonl,  whicli  pi'ov.il 
lH-it(n'.  On  tiiis  tlicy  put  fill  they  coiilil  save  of  the  :ri,-;.itc', 
aiu]  crcssiil  ovrr  sat'rly.  TIkt  then  rcinaiiuHl  so;neti:ii'> 
on  ihu  short!  in  -nat  |icr|ik'\ity,  bee  lu^i^  tiiey  durst  iu>\ 
Oil  iu\Mnnt  oi  lh(>  Imb'aiis,  hazaiil  inakiii;^'  ihi-  rest  (.!' 
Ih,'  way  !y  huid,  aud  their  ral't  could  not  ii-.(ind  tlii> 
lisir,  At  last,  they  foninl  a  wretched  cuiioe,  whieli  they 
repaiiv  I  as  Well  as  tliey  could,  and  in  it  reached  St. 
Lo'si--.' 

'J'w'o  l!l')nlhs  tlicll  ]ia  ■  .ed  willioill  th.'ir  liein;,'  a''!.'  to  Mutiny  icd 
learn  what  had  lieconi:'  ot'  delaI'Mle.  .\or  was  1  hi.-,  pro-  l.uuis.'' ' 
loniM  d  absence'  what  nio4  dis.^•u^l,  d  the  conunandant  :  to 
his  LMi>'i',  he  beheld  his  colony  daily  diminish;  siekne ■•; 
carried  olf  his  best  men  :  tlu'  Imlia;!.-,  lintehei'ed  all  \\  ho 
strayed  oil',  hnntin,:;  ;  some  desei'ted,  and  wer.'  nu{ 
ashamed  (.>  tak(>  rel'ii.je  amon.i,'  the  sava,v;es,  and  conl'i-nn 
to  their  lilV'  ;  iinally,  scmu'  be;;an  to  muiinnr,  and  from 
nnirnnirs  diey  proceeded  to  th.'  mo.st  odioun  plots. 

The  elder  Diihau;,  wIms.'  yoiin.^'iM'  br.)tiier  had  !,'ono 
uith:Mr.  de  !a  Sale,  ]iut  himselt'  at  tlie  head  of  the  mal- 
contents, and  .Touted  learn.'d  thai  he  pretended  to  nothin;.; 
lehsthan  niidun;;-  himself  the  li/a  I  of  tlu'  band. 

Ye!:,  to  all  apjiearance,  tilis  wr.teh  had  m)i  yet  I'dvnu'd 
th.;  bl.-ick  dosi;^'n,  which  ho  subse(piciitly  ciirried  out. 
Tho   hciL;ht  of  wickedness  is  reached  oidy  by  de;^r,.L.es ; 


and  ])nhaut   had, 


IS   yei,  no    iiii.iivo    to    inniel    him    tr 


(•••mmit    a,    parricide.     Thc^  fact    is,  that    on  the    threat 
made  by  his  commandant  to  a.i-.  -.■   1 
ti)  cabal,  ho  restrained    himself 


iin)  II   Iw  contiinii- 
jnvt.y   well,  till     Mr.  d, 


la  Sd/s  return    to    o:,   L  luis,  in  i!i:>  inoiiiii  ,,i'  Au  ■iist. 
lie  ill 'a  leaviied  the  lo^s  of  liisi  i' 


ri,,a..'  Willi  an 


i[uaii- 


Jm-.A,  JnuriMl  II.-.:  )i;.i!i  ,  1  p.  U.'-l:  s  •  .•  Jlviin.'i.ai  in  V,.y; 
-Nvinl,  v.,  p.  '.'l-i. 


!• 


88 


iiisiouv   or  .m:\v   I'ltANcK 


\l 


\\  '  ii 


I 
i  1 


m  ■■• 


16S6-90.  iniity,    tl.c   nmii'  iHlniiniMc',  ns  In-  liad,  ('iiriii;^  his  voy- 
^^^''~'~^  iv^r,  iii'l    with   irniiiU'filtli)  Idsscs.' 

Mr.  .lo  i:i      ][^.   |,;|,1   |M  ii«lrat(.'(l    to    tlic  Ciiiis,   with    winmi    ht;  IkuI 
(iii>i..ii  .0  fonui'il  an  alliaiRM',  ainl    lie  was    iiici'ssantly  I'xlolliii;^' tho 


II.'    \,<*r<    a 

purl  111   lii- 


bcailt' 


III-  I'mIU 
mcli. 


y  and  cXialK  nee  of  tlir  country  whivh  lie  Iiad 
travcrsfd  ;  Imt  ho  was  no  wiser  as  to  what  lie  soM,:.',ht, 
and  thcj  wliohi  inolit  of  his  excursion  was  reduced  to 
live  horses,  loaded  with  sonio  provisions,  furni.-<hed  hy 
liis  new  aUies.  On  llie  otlu'r  iiand,  out  of  twt  nty  n  en 
wlioni  lie  had  taken  with  hiiii,  he  brought  liaek  only 
einhl.  On  arrivin;^',  he  in(|nired  wlu'ther  youii^  Duhaiit, 
I.e  C"Iere(|,  liurier,  and  two  others,  who  are  not  named  in 
my  memoirs,  were  in  tho  I'ort,  to  whii'h  he  had  ;^i\en 
tliein  leave  to  ri  turn.  He  was  toiil  that  not  one  of  tliMii 
hail  maile  his  appearance.  Ho  iidiKnl  that  the  Sinir 
i>ilioreI  had  got  astray  on  tho  way,  and  hail  not  lieeii 
seen  afterwards;  that  Dunienil,  0110  of  his  ser\ants,  had 
lieen  dra,i;;-;ed  under  tlie  water,  and  devouiel  hy  a  croco- 
dile ;  and  that  four  others  had  desi'iled  whiK  he  was 
!iiuon,L(  tile  Ceiiis.'' 

So  many  losses  ])roduc:d  a  iiad  impression  on  all 
wlio  remained  at  St.  .I.,cmis.  La  Sale  did  not  j;iv(,'  Mif- 
lleieiit  alt(  iitioii  to  this  fact,  and  at  oiici'  dLlenniiK d 
on  a  third  expedition;  hut,  as  the  heat  was  excessixe, 
lie  deemed  it  hest  to  defer  it  till  tho  month  of  Octo- 
lier.  Tini  Cliinicoets  kept  harassiii^L;  him  incessantly, 
and  killed  two  mole  of  his  men  almost  before  his  t'ves. 
This     continued    his    already-lorinod    resolution    to    gel 

'  .Iciiihl,   J.r.iiiiiil   Ui.-l  iriiiui'.  |i|p.  troiijri'or  Wi'i'iMTs,  |)as.-iiii;  till- Kini- 

11T-1.")I.     1".  .\n:isiH -ius  il.i' ('li'!vi|,  ii.iiiiis,  till   llii'y  rcucli.d  ilu>  ('ini>.. 

ii..  i>.  ;JJ7:    Ili-Miniiiii.    |>.  ',M"i)  sav.s  lliic  l,u  Suit' ami  .Miiniiij,'rt  IMl  r-nU, 

iic  r.-acliiil  llii'  lull,  (JcloliiT  17lli.  uiid    timr    iiii'ti     iksi-rii'il.     C)ii    lii.-; 

I'aVfliiT  f;ivr,-  nil  (late.  n.-i'i.vi'rv  l,a  Sale  flarlcil  hac!;.     .\ii 

■'  .\s   III    lliis  i_'\]irililiiill   Wi'   have  a.-<l;;siifi,    ill    I,.'  Clrl'i'ij,  ii.,  ;;(i;i-:i'.i7. 

till' ail' units  111'  KalliiT   AlUl^tll^■ius,  Sparks  ( Lilo    nl     l.a   Salic,    \.    l'>'.i} 

mill  111   .'ill-.  I'avi  ili-r.     'I'licy   inaifli-  lliiiilw-    In-    n-,-^il    tin'     ( 'uliirailo, 

eil  N.  1'...  |ia.->iim'   liiiliaii>  i  viilnillv  Dia/.os,  aini  'J'liiiiiv,  aii'l  i'.':irliril   a 

ill  iiiiiTriiiii'.--'  Willi  S;  a  Ilia  Ills,  rios^  iininl  iii'artlu'  lii'ail\vali'rs..l   iln   Sa- 

iiiu' llu'   liiilu  k,  Maliiiiii',  ami   lliriis  liin',  lK';uci.'a  ihi.- Triiiiiv  a:u|  lii  il 

riviTs;  lliiii  "iriirk   K.  lollii'  Hi.-ka-  livirs. 


IIISIOU^     til'    NKW     lUANt  K 


89 


aw.'tv   ti')iii  iliiisi' suviit'i's. 


'^'f'H  \v;is  to  fiiili'.ivor  to 


1^x7-90. 


rcacli  llic  llliiiitis,  iiiiil  lie  was  1(11  llic  |ii)iiil  of  lit;,'iiiiiiii,'^ 
liis  iiiaicli,  wlicii  Ih-  was  .iKackrd  l.y  a  viol'Mit  hernia, 
wliicli  tiltli^ctl  liiiii  to  ilclVr  liis  <l('|tartiii'i'. 


mill  I,   HJL'Ui^'   liiiii   III 


llii> 


^tat( 


il   ti>    iiialvr  (lio 


j(;nnii_\  witli  lil'lccii  im  n,  Imt  his  (MI'it  was  noi  atx'i'iitcil. 
FiR  Sale  tiiM  hiiu  tliat  iii^-  ini'sciu'c  was  lll•(•t•^sal;v  at  tlio 
llliiiiii'-,  and  that  licwishiMl  Ihcin'i'  to  dispali'li  his  liroth-i', 
{'avclicr,  to  France.  'I'oward  the  end  <il'  Diceiuliei'  lie  was 
relieved  Iroiii  Ills  iiialadv,  and  nmdi;  serious  |)re|iaralions 
for  liis  .naivli.  lit;  wished  Joiitel  to  aeioiii|ia:iv  iiiiii  on 
this  trip,  and  in  his  stead  a|ii>oiiited  tiie  Sieiii'  Daihier  to 
coniinand  at  St.  JA)iiis.  Siiicu  his  rotmn  Injin  tiie  Ceiiis, 
he  had  I'ortilied  tiiis  |iosl  i|uite  well,  and  he  llattered  him- 
self that  he  had  put  it  bevoi.d  reach  of  insult  I'ruin  the 
Jiidians,  Jle  left  as  'iiiicli  provisions  as  was  re(|uired  foi' 
all  who  wci'e  to  remain  there  :  that  is  to  say,  lor  twenty 
[iersun->,  iii.'ludiiij;'  seven  wonu'n,  or  ^,'irls,  the  iteeolhet 
i\uh«!rs  3Iixiiuiis  and  Ziuiohius,  .Mr.  de  C'heldeville,  lliu 
Maniuis  de  la  Salilonniere,  and  a  surgeon.' 

After  j^iviii.L;-  his  iinal  orders,  he  lieu^aii  his  march  .Jaiiii-  n 
ary  12tli,  llJoT,  with  sixteen  men,  iui-ludin;^  his  lnother, 
Mr.  C'aveli  ■!■,  his  nephews,  Mor.iiii^et  and  the  youii;;»;r 
Cavelier,  Father  Auastusius,  Joiiti'l,  i^idiaut,  Larehevcipie, 
de  Marie;  .1  (ieiinaii  from  Willeiilierg,  naiiied  Hicns — an 
old  liuccaneer,  eiij^a^t'd  at  Petit  (ioave  ;  l^iotoi,  a  siirj,'eon  ; 
the    pilot    Tessier,   yoiui;,^  'I'aloii,  Sa.i^et,   .Mr.   de   la  Sale's 


•   ~.I-  nlll 

lor  111.' 
IIUiioIm. 


'  lliciviUi',  i  1  a  niitutn  an  cxlnK-t  d.c  ('lirci|.  ii,,  p.  :;:;|  1  iiii'utlniis  any 

tViiiii    'I'nloii's    Inti'rTouaiidiis,    m^vs  iiiniilirr.     Jnlni   Dai'ii.-i  'i'lilnn  -hvk, 

lluc  (iiil'iicl    Minimi',   er    I!:iiliic'i'.  in    lii>    iiiti'ii'.'j.i'iinns,    iwiniy    1  r 

was  i«!'  :\Iontn'al.  an.l  llna  In'  kiirw  iwriily  live. 

liim.     Harliiir  imiirit'il,  ai   lln- I'urt,  Sonii'  call  iniii  .i.'iiini..  an.l  sav 

u  t;ii'l  \i'li()  iiail  ninic  nwr  witli  llir  1h'  was  an  j'ji^'i.-sli  Miiili.'i';  Ina  tlic  y 

(•i.liiny  iViim  !•' 'anci',  ami  acliilil  waM  ai'f    n|'[;arc'nily  nii>tal^i'n.     i//i'ri>- 

lidrn  of  till' ni  i(in.  rn  .r.     'fliis   i-»   wlatfil   in  tlir  Inter 

•  .Iipuii'j,   ,lo  irnal    ll:>,(ii'ii|iu",  pp.  rnjralit.n-i  iaili'>  Ti    I'lcrrn   c!    .ban 

l.M-7.  <'one|ila  ns   iliai   oilnTs  nnnle  'I'aldn,  .'^I'pl.  I  I.  lliiis.  Ms.    Ilfnnrpin 

tlic  nniHlicr  11  iirli  lai,i''i'r.     .Nriilicr  think:.  IIu.ms,  nr  Hicns,  a  nii.'iiaUi-' 

Cavfiicr  1  pp.  .'i-'t-l!)  noi- 1'".  .\ntt.stasiu.'<  for  Hans.  "  .John." 
Vui,.  IV— 1',' 


i 


w 


lll-loij\    Ml-  N'i:\\    I'l!  WCK 


if)S7-yo, 


I   \ 


lackey,  (iipl  II  ;,'(Miil  liiilinii  Innilcr.  Tin  no  ii;iiiich  lui'  nil 
.vi^^l^  11'^  iIh  \  u'll  :'i.  ijii.  iitiv  nci-iir  in  (lie  siiniij.  '!'■> 
h|i.Mr  t  lie  li'a\(  li  r-.  .|i' 


Im    S;||,.    I(.;,.1.  il    Ihr   li  \  r   li 


tliat 


111'    lliul     I'i'illlvllt     ll     'I    file    ( 'cllis  W  it'l   lllr    '.•iratil'    pari    i>r 

til''  lifiLt^'a'jf  ami  (irnvi^ioii.s. 

Alllioii^'h  IJK'ir  ctiiivsc  lay  Hikmiu'Ii  h  very  Uiif  cniiiitw, 
tli'V  Hi  vcrtlii'Icss  snirmd  (•niisicjcvalily,  cspt'cially  by 
icjKi'ii  i)t'  llic  rains,  whifli  liaii  caii-'MJ  most  dI'  tin'  riv<  is 
I"  iA(  rlliiw  tin  ir  I'anl.s.  Imlii  iis  were  lV('i|iic!'tly  riicnnn- 
t.  I'l  li  :  ik;  la  Sale  cniiciliatiil  llain  all  liy  liis  Uiinl  niaiiiicr; 
\m\  tills  dill  not  tlirov,- liiiii  oil  liis  j^imnl,  or  lU'i'Viiil  liis 
<  iicaiii|'iii.u  V.  illi  till' ;^n  alr>l  ]irrcaiill')ii.  As  tln<  dillicnl's 
<it  I'inssiiiu'  til"  livfTN  iiiciiasi  I— soiiK'  lli;'.t  tlicy  caiin'  Id 
lii'im^  vci'y  u  iiif,  ami  w  itiio'.il  lu'ds — lU'ccssity  su^^i-ti  ■! 
till'  iii\i'iitii)ii  I)'  a  raiiui',  wiiiiii  'vas  cariaeil  on  poli's.  mul 
jnovi'il  liit,lily  iisi  I'l;!. 

As  tiny  advaiuiil  iiiln  llii>  coiiiitiy,  tliey  l'i>nii<l    it   iiioi'o 
tliiilJy  |i(Mi|>l(d,  and  \>  Li  ii  .1  ily  Idity  Icaj^'iiosfrom  the  Ci'iiis 
I  hey  Irariicil  that  tlicKWasa  i''ii  nrlimaii  innoiij^'tlic  fmlidlis. 
On  till'  ITtli  of  .May.'  ^I(iraii,e(  1,    \\hil<'   out    liunliii-,  liav- 

'   Imt,  1  I'lv.      Ill'    c  i\!,-,  l-;r  ,  lai  .'v  Iv,  ll.'    j'iiv>  ■'!    tin-   t^!iiiii->.   l!io 

•  ■i_%-  iItv  vv  -.■  1 ;  in 'll'.       •'•    Mi:.'.  uii   (,!,.•     ilvii-.    i!,.'    (.^iiiiin    mrl 

I]..  I'm-Si     (■;i\    li>T  siivi--  ti..    It'.;  Aniirliiin  inn      liiiliaii''.    iiml     Itiil.i'C 

•mil     '  'lit   l.;i    Siipr    111,  I,    'J-   III.'!,  livr.   '111!  'linn  crii.-sini,'  tin'  Suli 

I  lli'lli' ''111,  I'.  ;■"!  I    (  Mtl  ■•?■  Al'ii'-'iiilis  I'  mil'    ■.   tJii'V    Ii'iirlu'l  llii'  .Mlilii'lli' 

lin  I,!' f '!' rcq  fill'' in  liinii'i  ill' -.iv^i  !Ki''i.  ;.'■,    wlnri'  hi'  iiindi'  lii!)  liiilc 

ll'  n  i-cl.i;  'J(>  ni '11.  Hii'l  i-tii'ti'i|  till'  '  1  nt  i.ti'iiii  1  :  Anii^lii>iiisi,nni!.  ci-nsi* 

;i)i  .Iiiiiiiiin ,  Ifi' ;.  ill;,  l>i'|'i    (111    I"   ll;r    I'liin-  i.lnuti'l. 

'    I't.r.  \\:i(i  11  iMiiiir-v.'c'i!,  Ill  ).ii'r~,  |i.  1 1ll  .  ni'i'iin'ii'lv   Mii'    Hm-hs    ii\cr 

T'lViT'.!    uitli     liuHiilii-rkiii.    !i    l"i'it  "i'    1".    .\  111. -Infills  (  |i,  ii:i.")i.    pn^^'iiii; 

lil;i' til'    nn>'uiit   ririirli' <),■  tin   1  in-  iMiion-    triln's.   lAlilf.  p.   i^.i      l.n 

Ml  l.-Ii'v     .Jiiiiii  I,  |>.  1  >  ;'l!'    ilitn    s-tnicl;    X.    \.    i: .    iir.tl 

II      li-nmi'il    itii'^   l-Vn.    i;,  iri'in  ;'.i-].''l     tin'    'I'ttniliii.    Tyiikii|.ii.iii, 

till' Ti'iii'S.     111.,  ]'.  I>;!.  .iiiil  t'liliitiiin.   i.\iiiiMii!-iiIs,  I  Cavi'licr 

•  (  iiurli'Viiis     1.  1''      I  a-.-^i's    nvcr  in.ilitrt   I.ii   Snllc  rciirli    tliciii.  .liin. 

tiii'i  1'    iiii'iilliH.        I.:i    Siill.'    I'l'iu'Iicil  -'n,  ■,'•.',  mill   111!'  Ci'iiis.  l'\'li.  t< :    iiit 

rriiii'i.--     riv.r,    tin'     liriiticli   ul'    ii  lii-i    dulcs     urn    rviilciitly    wrmiir. 

rni'i- il'.wii!  ;•  ii\ii)  tl IP  liny  und,  ni  -  .lnun-l  innkis  lin  ."^ullo  nrii\i' tiiinlly 

ii'ili' til  rro.-s  it,  ii.-i'i-iiil'il    it»  Imnk,  Miiou,'   ;hi'    Ti-inw,   I'r;.  ii'Ik    ul    tin' 

tliriiUfrh  cniU'    ainl    thicket,  to   thn  Ayiinn.  <ir  ('aiioliiainiio.  uloutel.)  l!y 

IIi'IiiiliiuiiiiH   (•!•    Bni'-iini'm    i.Iijutcl  :  Kcliriiiiry     2(».  tiny    (anir    ti-    the 

('uv«  lii-n.  whi's.' war  i  riiit-s  upuiiii-t  I'liiii'iucchiiuiii'       ur      l*alni)UcsM)ii 

tin'     la'iyoaiiiiu    111-'  iiiol    'rjdii   alicr  i Anabiuaius.  j>.   tlil'ii,  iiliics   ul'    the 

surtiuij.    (I'".  Anastasiuij  i     Kccj'injj  Ciiiiis. 


! 


I 


lllSTui;"!    ()|.   M.;\\    I'liwri;  91 

ill},',  it   i>i  siiiil,  si'iikt  II  iii-iilliii    \\  to   r)ii!i.iul,  (fiiii-:.   ;iii(l        ''    _' 

till'    sui;^'(iii     Liiilnl,  liiCM'    tlncc    iiicii   Vi'Siihnl   io    iiiiiK^' 

awiiy  with   liiiii   its  spciilils  iis  iins.siMc.  mnl  tn  l'i'.;ii'   l)y 

'M,\   (1.     lii   .Siil"''s  lacKrv,  ;iiiil    Nici,   lii^;    Indian    Iniut'r. 

ulio  ;ittruilcil  Minan^cl,  iiii'l   ini;4lit  ill  iVinl  liiai.' 

'I'liiV    lil'ojichcii     tliuil'    (Irsiua    to     iiiU'cllc'VcqlU'    (.111    \n     M'jinnjr.t 

.    .  "* '' "  '" 

'IV.-sicr,  till'  pilot,  wjiu  ;ii>iii()V(ii  it.  mill  olforcd   to   ioin  m  hMi.'Hi:ii'- 
,  ,              .               .                       ,.  '"'  V  '""' 

c-iri'viii^  it  out.     Tliry.-iii  I  iiotliiii,'  to  iln-  Siciir  di!  .Mnilr,  un'u-r   .■-■ 

who   \\;i>   with    iIhiii,  .lid   \'i  liom    tin'V    \wnili!   ijiidly   hasc 

L,'ot     iUVllX.        'i'iic      Ur\l     lli,:hl.     wllil"     I  hi'      tlll'iN'      iiiilor- 

tniiatf    viciiiiis    ol'    their    ^' ii,t  laiici'  Wi'ic   ijiiii'lly  ashi  j-. 

I.iotul    dealt   each    sev   ltd   Movv.-;    with    a   hatidii-L  on    Ih' 

head.     The   Indian  and   th  ■    laej^ey  e\|Mi('d  on  the  .■.p"!  : 

.Moran.Liet  >at  n|i,  hiil  wiunait  iitteriiiL;  a  sin',d(.'  word,  .md 

tlie  us.s.a.'^sinH  cuinpi  lied  the   iii'icnv  de  Marie  lo  iini.sji  liini, 

threatening',  if  ho  rel'used,  to  deal   witli  liiai  as  iliey  liad 

with  th<<  re.sl  ;  they  doul>lle.HS  wi.sli.d   i.>  la  ike  him  an  ae- 

<()iii|)liee  ill  their  eriiiu',  SI)  as  to  iiiaiu    Mile  that  he  Would 

liol  aecilM'  liieiu.' 

Neverlladehs.  as  it   i.s    rai'i-    that     i    t'u>t    crime  is    not 

hijiiiwed  liy    thai    une;i-lii'-.s    'vliieh    t!ie    most    h.aideni    I 

lainuna's  have  always  -uiiie  troiiiij'   in  eahiiiiiL;',  the    miu- 

dvii  Is  I'elt  that  it  uoiiKl    not  he  ea'.y  to  (  >ea|ie    La  Sale's 

just  vun.^'ea.nee,  unless  they  aniiei|iated   him,  and  on  thi.- 


'  ('ri)!-»aiic<-'iiii'"' I'ivi  iMin  ihc(rt;i  ihi>.     I.'nuii,    lliius,     uuil     I'u'.iuir, 

Miiirli.  l.ii  Sail''.  ciM  tlin    Ijili,  ^..  Ml  ili-ru     nil',    iiiiil    IWrmi  il     ilirir    jilut 

oft"  l»iiliiiul,  lliiiis.  I.iiitot,  Kiliii.  lui'i  .IiMie'i..l(Hiiuiil   llif^torii|iic,  jip.  l.i;- 

Jjiiiii't.  Id  jrct  s'liiie  iiriiviMdiislii'  linil  llii'. 

|UU    ill    11    iiii-/ii\  oil   his   last    tri|i,  .Inui   :.    ioiivniil    !l>eii'i.|U",  )!,• 

'I'lii'Sf   ijii'y  riiiiiul  !i|)")ill, 'lilt    killrii  ID'.-S.       l-'ailuT      Aimstusiii'^      il,^- 

luD     liisuii,     anil      liiuiraianil     \\\i-  Cli'ini.  ii.,  p.  liiiT  ;  llciiiir|iin  in  Vny 

UH'ui.     LcarnMiir   tlll^   li'mi    S;i.4'.  ' ,  „._,  s  uu   Nuni  ,    v..   j..  -.'It)    Vuake- 

Ln  Sail.'  sent    .MiM-aa,:;ri,  (!,•  .Mi,il(,  .\:,,i-mi;;i't   lin  ror  two  lunirs,  li.iniiin 

lui.l  Sag'.'!,  topaihe  m.'at.     .M.irHii  i,i.,    „si,r,l,  r,  is,   kr.       Tin-    ii.-c.„„ii 

gel.  fimliiifrtlmt  tliey  ImillMiiiriuiiiri  ,,iv,.ii    liy  !li.'  iwn   'falun.s  i  liiicno- 

it  lu^rorr  it  wa>  siillirinaiy  ilry,  ll.'W  ,,.uiMiis. '&•.),  RippoM-.l    loiir  killi-tl. 

iiiiu  u  1  iit^si.m.  ami  tuul;  !Voni  tliim  ■p],,,   j,,,!,.;,,  X\k»,  or  .Nikaiui,  aii.y 

llu'  iMarrow-lx.iio.M  unil  iiuni,  wliidi,  ),,,.,,.  i,..,,,  ;i,,,  ,„„,  ^jv,.,,  .„  i.,,  M,ii'. 

am.riiiug  to  ciioti.in,  tlicy   lm>l  luiii  |,_v  -.,i.,,.  ir.iiuoi.s  ii"rtli..n,-ik>/i;nc, 

I'bidu    tn    idiisf,   us  pcr<iiiibili:s.     Oil  ;,|  ii;i,ii      (, 1,1,11. r.   Mf 


09 

1 68  7 -go. 


IIISTOHY    ul     NKW    I'UAN'K 

tlioy  ii'siilvod.  AftfV  (Itlilii  riitiiiv;  to'^'clliir  <>ii  tlic  nifini'^ 
of  sitciTss,  tliov  flnni'.'li)  it  till'  siirist  |ihin  to  "o  forwMi'l 
to  iiiitl  liiiii,  nmrilrr  nil  wlio  opjiosi'il  tlpir  'li-si,  i'.  iiiiil 
tliUM  o)>iii  ;i  wav  for  llir  imrriritlc,  wliicli  tlicv  i  icditati'd.' 
So  stniii;.'!  (1  rt'solntioii  coiilil  Iw  iiiH|iirci1  o'lly  liv  lliat 
Mind  drs]iMir,  wldcli  IinrrirK  oiiiniiiids  infotlic  aKv^n  tlx-v 
liiivi'  dii','  for  tliriusclvcK :  hut  jiii  iiiciilint  v,-ImcIi  tlifV 
'>otdd  no)  liii\i  fi.K  seen.  )>liu'i'd  ill  tlirir  liMiidv  tile  victim 
tlicy  so\i"ld.  }  yiM'V.  wliicli  divided  tlicin  iVon  fin  ciiii)!. 
niid  wliicli  liiid  swollen  coiisidcr.'dily  iiftcr  tli'if  )>jissiiiLi 
it,  dctiuiird  titciii  t^^d  dnys ;  mid  tliis  dclii\,  wliicli  ill 
first  seeiiii'd  nil  oli'^tnole,  facilitntod  tin"  cNffution  of  tln-ir 
de«ifrii.  I>i'  Im  Sale,  siir|»riH(^d  at  not  sooinj^  lii>t  iio|>Iir>w 
rrtnrn,  nor  tlio  two  nwn  wjin  n<'roni))iiiii<'d  hi  ii,  resolvod 
to  fro  I'iniscif  to  olitniii  sonio  tidiiifrs.  Tt  \va'.  rcniarkiMl 
tltnt,  ft  tlie  nioniont  vlicii  lie  startr'd.  lio  scciniMl  tionliliNl, 
aixl  fi><l<"  (1.  with  a  kind  of  nnofmiucsH  nimsnal  in  liini, 
wliotlior  ]\rorMnj.'i  t  liad  not  liad  a  niisiindcrstnndin;,'  witli 
Komo  one,' 

TTe  tlieii  called  .Toiitel,  committed  the  control  of  the 
eanip  In  jiim,  instnictiiiL'  him  to  make  the  r(  iiiids  from 
time  to  time,  not  to  let  any  one  stray  o(V,  a  nl  to  li.Lrht 
fires,  so  that  the  smoke  miidit  serve  to  hrin^'  liim  to  his 
tino  course,  in  case,  on  liis  wav  hack,  he  slio  ild  lose  it. 
He  set  ont  on  the  "iOth.  with  Father  Annstas  its  and  an 
Tndinii.'  As  he  apiironclicd  the  spot  wIkm'c  th  •  assassins 
had  halted,  he  )ierroived  eajrh's  flyinj.'  quite  lear  to  it  ; 
this  led  him  to  think  there  was  a  carcass  of  some  kind 
there,  and  he  fired  his  crun.  The  cons]iiratni>,  who  had 
not  perceived  him.  inferred  that  it  was  ha  Salo  npproacli- 
iii'.',  and  ])re]iared  their  aries.* 

'  .l(iiitil..Iiiiiiniil  IINlnriiiiic.  p.His.     l!l!l-';a(l        I'"ntliiT    A  iMSliisiim     (l,i- 

'  .loiui'l,  p.  1!i!i.  siiys  li(>  nskcl  <'I»T<<1,  ii  .  pl'-  ■'•l'^-!'  Ili'niii'piii,  p. 
wliiiluT  I.i'itdt,  Hicni),  nnil  Diiliniit  IVh  spcakH  of  |,n  Snlli'V  pimiv 
lind  not  Klinwn  ilisrontont.  ronvorfntion    on    t!ic    wn.v.   iiii<l    of 

'  Fntlior  Annstiisiiis  (I,i-  Clcrrci,  liis  Kadiic-".  He  si.vw  Mint  nffor 
Ktiili1i!^»iiiicnt.  ill'  In  Koi,  ii.,  |i.  l!;iSi  poinfr  two  |i'ii_rii'''  I'li'.v  foiiinl  tin' 
wiys  two  Indiiiiis.  iiml  nirntioii«  the  hlooily  rrnviit  of  tin'  liu'lu'V, 
20t)i  ns  tlic'dnti'.  Tiiliinvnysonly  r.  fmiw  thi' <'n'.r!rs.  iiiiil  ti'rn'i\  c'd  nom.' 
Annstnsiii'*  of  his  iicoplo.     IK'  li  ^'S  iioi  nt"' lu' 

*  .touti'.l.    rouiiia!    llist<jri<iiui.  p|i.     firi'd 


\ 


I 


IIIS'IOlt\    <»K   NKW    I'UA.NCI  0.1 

Tlir  livcf  wiiH  lii'lwcoii  tlicm  niitl  liim  ;  I">nliinit  ninl  Fiivr-     _ . ''   ^', 
clu  V((|ii('  cioHsi'ti  it,  mill.  |i<n't'iviii<,'  di-  la  Sale  advaiiriii^'      iiu,'!!' 
kIowIv,  liallt'il.     Piiliaiit  liiil  liiiiiM'ir  in  llic  tall  ^'lass,  with    mV.  •i,\n 
liiH^'ini  ioadnl  a)ii1  cocki'il  ;  l,ar('li«'Vi(|Hi'  I'lvaiicril  allttlo 
ftlillii  r,  and.  a  ii'inni'iil  aft(  r,  dc  l:i    Salf.  iccd^'iii/iliij;   liilii, 
iinl>'d  liiiii  wlii'iT  Ids  ii('|dir\v  INforMii'.'rl  was.     ]\i'    ri'iilit'd 
tlifd    ln'   was  ali  ii<.'  tlir    river.'   and  lliat    instant    Dnliant 
fiidl.      |)t<  la  Sale  iTciivcd  the  liail    in   1;is  licad,  ami    i'l-ll 
«tink  dead.     Fo  Jcnitcl  Vflatrs  tli<'  fact.'     He  liad    l.arncd 
it    rinni   Katli.T   Anastnsius,  wlio  was  lu.'scnt,  an<l   wlmsc 
t(  -liniony  caniio   lie  susp('ct(<d. 

I'atlicr  Fjonis  H(Miiioi>iii,  who  a1s>cili's  his  rcliow-vi'li- 
i;i<in-.  lait  wlio  is  far  Ifss  cvt'dililc  than  Jiaitrl,  jirctiMids 
that  di'  la  Sale  lived  an  liiMir  afte''  li"  was  Wdundid  ;  tliat 
he  made  a  kinil  of  p-nernl  ooiifof-sinn  to  I'atlier  Anasta- 
siiis,  ].ai(loia'd  his  innnlerevK.  and  enti  red  with  a  ureiit 
ded  of  ].iity  into  all  the  other  sentiments  sii;,'i,'ested  to 
hii  I  I'v  his  confessor;  that  h(>  received,  with  lively  tokens 
of  relipiuii,  ahsohilion  for  his  sins;  and  thai  he  had 
niiproachi  (1  th(  sacraiiicnts  before  settinj,'  out  on  his 
niandi.' 

\  n)aiiuscri|it  nlalion.  which  T  had  i.i  my  hand,  and 
which  is  ])resor\('d  in  the  l)e)nit  de  la  "Marine,'  and  the 
anthorof  wiiich  seems  stron,t,'ly  ju-ejndiced  aj^ainst  '!\Ir.  do 
la  Sale,  in  re-.'ard  to  whom  he  e\|>ressi's  'limself  in  a  very 
co.idemnatorv  style,  auroes  with  Joutcl  as  to  the  manner 


'  Till-  cxi'ri'HPinii  "i.  In  drrivr,"  lit- 
t'riilly  "mliil'f."  is  I'xiiliiiiii'tl  I'.v  .Tmi- 
til,  11.201,  tniiii  an  'HloMu'tlic river." 
I".  .\liiiMtiihiiis  -iiVM  tiiry  Ii'iinlcd. 
llllll  llmt   I.!l  Sllllr    Win  ^'oillf  ill    tlllll 

cliri'ciiim.  wlnii  two  ol'  llifiii  I'lriil, 
cni'  luiH^inir.  tin'  diIht  s'rikUij;  liiiii 
in  till'  lii'iiil.  Ill'  Hiiy-*  lliut  La  Salli' 
iliril  nil  liour  iiftrr.  lie  oxpreted 
tlio  tiixim-  fall'. 

•  .loiili'l.  .Inuni'il  Ilistnriinii-.  1'. 
','01 

■  ilcniii'liiii.  ill  VnyiiLri'saii  Noril.v  , 
|>.  'JtH.  (.'liurloviiix  ovirli'iik;'  Futli'T 


.ViiiisiasiiisH  own  ai'dnuit,  as  pivin 
in  l,i'<'liii'i|.  I'.ialilissi'nirnt  di' hi  Koi, 
ii.,  p.  ;i;i"-:in.  m\i\  \\\\wU  ii  mrrely 
ni|iii'il  liv  lliiric|iin.  I",  .\imvlasin8 
ailils  Iliiit.  iil'ici-  I,a  Salli'  i^Npirril,  lie 
wnipp  •(!  liiiii  ip.  liiirii'il  liiiii  :is  wcH 
as  111'  conlil.  ]  lariiiL,' 11  rroh.i  (in  hin 
(.'i-aviv 

'  TliiK  i>  a  (lofiinii'iit.  oiitilliMl 
"  Intt'rroL'ntions  I'aitos  ii  I'ii^rri'  la 
Ji'im  'I'nloii  par  onlrc  dr  Mr.  !.• 
CoMi'i'  ill'  ('"Mi'liartiain,  .i  Irur 
arrivi'i'  ili'  la  \'i  ra  I'riiz.  li'  11 
SptfuilMr.  1(11)8." 


ill 


I 


i087-f;o. 


lllsrUKV    u\-    M.W     KIlANCr 

i'l  uliicli  lir'  was  l.illiil  :  l^nt  it  i'linn'j;i>H  intiiiy  (•iivMi'i^fan- 
ns  ill  tilt'  iifciiiiiit  of  lli<>  iiiiiiiliT.  fi:nvlitVii|it(<  is  r\u'\'o 
stvlcil  d' Yvilol.'  .'iikI  iici'liiips  IxM'c  liittli  li.iiur.s  ;  no  i>ir|itl(ili 
is  iiiiilf  fit'  tli<'  ( liiiii.iii.  .'iiiiis,  lull  ill'  an  Kii'/lish  ><i)|(lit>i', 
wIkmii  it  culls  ■li'iiiiiii',  nnl  of  out'  .Miinii'i.'  [t  luMs  tliiit 
it  \v,i«  II  scrviiiit  III'  lli(>  Sii'iir  irYvolut.  nf  wliniil  .ir.  (li> 
hi  Silc  iisju'il  where  \Iiir,iii;_'(>t  wits,  iiinl  tlivt  he,  iiicofdhi^ 
tu  Ills  iiiMHter's  orders,  replied  ,'iliru|ill_v,  with  hi->  li  it  on. 
Hint  lie  WHS  aloiiv  the  river;  that  In  S'iU>.  sliocivi  d  at  this 
iiiN'>|<iil  I'asliioii  o|'  iiiiswrr,  threatened  the  servant,  who 
replied  still  more  insolently;  thai  la  Sali'  iidvancrd  to 
strike  him;  that  tin  servant,  as  Mv,'reed  upon  aiijon;^  the 
assassins,  started  to  nm  tow.inl  the  spot  v.ln  !■■  the\ 
were  coiieealed  ;  and  tiial  when  do  la  Sale  canie  within 
n  acli,  they  all  lired  to;.;tther ;  lint  only  one  aimed  W'dl. 

lio  that  as  it  may,  sindi  nuarly  was  tho  trai.;iciil  end  o'" 
i.'olierl  Cavelier,  Siciir  d"  la  Sih-,  a  man  of  a  CMpaoity, 
.'jra^p  lit'  mind,  cniirauv  am!  Iiimiie--i  of  sold,  that  iiii,v{lil 
iiave  raised  !i;m  to  soiuc  jj;raiid  achievoiiieiil,  ii",  with 
all  tin  se  ;:>Mid  (|iialitie-;,  ho  fonld  have  iu:ister>d  his 
somlire  and  melauclinl',  disposition,  cnrlied  his  se'vority, 
or  r;ith<  r  the  harsluie-.-.  ol'  his  leinper,  ami  r<  pressed  the 
lian.!.;htiness  with  whieh  \\o  tuated,  not  only  those  who 
dep(  iided  entirely  on  Mm,  Iml  evi'ii  his  assooiiiles,  somn 
of  wlioiii,  as  ^\e  are  assured,  esjietdally  two  of  his 
assassins,  iial  advanced  a  i^'eat  part  of  the  fiinds  for 
his  eati-rprise,  and  ciiii-ri|iuiii''.  weii^  di'eply  interested 
ill  it.' 


'  Tliix'   HiaifinciitK    an-    i\<<     in  iiriii!i>u«  a  yo  m.;  imui,  nf  liiiyoiinr, 

my  rMriu'l.  wliirli  xIhuh  iluii     liii  iii'iiarciuly  m'   u    (.-ooil    riiiiiily.  nuil 

Imiii    iiiul   Jaiiirii  killi'l    llii'ir  I'liir  well  .-.'iiivitiil.     He  wa-<  c.arii'il   olF 

I'lmijiiiiii'iif,  laiil  lay  ill  wnii  lor  I.ii  liy  tli,-   Simniiinls.    wnli   omulr,   a 

Sulli':    iliat   Uiilriut  lir.il  liisi,  ami  Niilnr. 
kilk'il  liiiji  nil  till'  el"'!.  •  Si'c  .!i  utiTs  (iiivrrcintiiiii  <it  iiis 

•  I'iciTi'    .^^•ll^nil■l•    is  ni'iuiijiuvl  rliarartiT    i.Iiiunial     llist(irii|iii',    \\ 

ns  ri'iiiiiiir  to  tli    ('.■lu^-,  with   I'riir  ".'(IVi,   nii'I    I'ntln-r    .•\iiH'*l;i>lii-i's,  Lo 

Tnldii.  aft. -r  till!  HHMii-j-iiuuicii.     J.ar-  1'Iitci|,     ii..    p.    U3'J;    Veya,'os  nit 

rluivii|\it'  in    niL'iilidinil  ill  till-    "itli  Niinl.  v.,  ii.  ^41. 


HISTmH\     Ol'    NK\\     KKANn, 


m 


]]i    lin><    ;il-c)  liiiMi    jii-'ilv  n'|iri>,ic'!i(Ml  willi    ih'\im'  i  i';-  '     '''*'' 

itig    «'<Ulli.s<l     i)f      illV    (il|i>.    jiIhI     liiivili','     liunr      tllttll    nlH'i'     |||,  I  i  n^. 

niiiicl  lii«t  itViii-  Itv  (111  iiliMtiii.i.'v  Hint  ii  ttliiii','  cmuI'I  """''■ 
ovrrriiiiic  or  jii.lilv.  Soiiii  liiiM'  (Ircliiicil  Hmi  tlii>< 
!ia|>iii  iM'il  in  rfj^'itnl  to  iln'  iniiiili  >il  l!ii'  Mi:'is.-.i|pi, 
\«lii('!i\vjis  |Miiiil>'ii  out  III  liiiii,  iitil  vsliicli  I|M  womII  unt 
<  M'li  '\iiiniiii',  licfiiiisc  li.>  |,,i>l  lir!;rii  it  iiilu  liis  Ii<'tii| 
lliut  it  i'niilii  lint  lie  tit  tlir  jHi^itliiii  itiilic:ili>i|.  lie 
ilonl'llcsK  tlid  111)1  know  or  p  ili  it  tli.tt  tl.  •  rorcinn.'i!  men 
ill  till'  world  ji.ivi' nit.'ii  ii' I'll  iiiil.litc.l  lor  llicir  ;_ri'!il(.'.-*i 
sttc'C"  js  lo  jK'isoiis  fur  iiil't  rior 'li»  lliriii  in  iin  rit,  ainl 
that  tliosc  ari'  wis.  si  wiio  lii-iiivr  lii'l  tlirv  cm  [iroii' 
liy  tlic   iiitrlli^ciu'i.'   ami  uilviiu!  of    lum  U-ss  Hi'lf'l  ''kih 

tlll'lll^l'IVt    N, 

Yi  !  \w  lllUv!  imt  I'K  'lit  fill  lli;i*  iiii  <  Ikcii  jiiilili-'iiMl  I'aiiriiiiili. 
o(  Ills  |irctcllill'i|  \io|i|lf(,  ^Ulj  less  olliir  llUH'r  iiho-  ''',V;1|J|.!'|' 
cioiix  nrclis.itioiis,  i'V  wiii  'll  lii-  i  lu'lilics  liJlVO  .'-(ill  ill  to  '"'" 
Itlaclvi  II  liiiii.  Niiiir  li:ivc  soii:Jii  (o  iliiiiiiiisli  til"  liiir- 
lor  oi  llir  criiiic  iiiiiiiiiii'i  ■!  on  hi ;  pcrMiii,  li\'  vin,.;  limt 
lio  killinl  youiii.,'  |)iiii:!iil  w  itii  liis  own  liiiinl,  tiint,  he  iiml 
isiiiiilailv  Invited  .s.  nral  oilici^,  niid  lliat  t'n'  d'>i''i'  nf 
avi.'ii::iiit;  so  miicli  Mood  .dird  wiilioiit  any  '.(I'oniiil,  Mini 
ft.'ai*  ol  a  lil  o  i.ili'.  dro\.'  i,nii.  wiioiu  on  i'VcI'n  occasion  lie 
had  ti'tiiti- 1  lu'iiiiilly  and  lorccd  to  r\li  iim  <.  tn  tlic  ri'so- 
lutioii  of  assassiiialin-'  liiiii.'  A^aiusl  siii'li  (•aliiiniiioiis 
fliar'-'i's  wf  .should  ho  will  on  oiii  ■^itaid,  as  nu'ii  arc  Init 
(oo  iuoih'  to  cxa.v'^^i'i'ati)  tli(>  faults  <if  the  iinrortiiii.iti',  and 
iiii|>iiti'  to  tin 'in  iinni'  than  tlicv  ically  |io>scs-('d,  cs]  .  ci.dly 
when  llii'V  havi'  contriimti d  to  tin  ir  own  ruin,  and  havi' 
tailed  to  iiisnin'  altachiiieni  to  llnir  iMrsmi-.  'i'hi'  s.nidi  st 
ciiviiiastanci'  ot'  all  in  rej^ard  !o  tiir  nnnioiy  <  f  lids  eeielir:,- 
led  iii.in  is,  tliat  lie  was  re-Telted  li\   luil  l'«  u.  ,iiid  (i!;it  the 

'  Hi-' l!-itiTi<i'iu  liii'k  iiy  Ui/iia.ii.'U.  .MiciMins    wn     In     ^llui^ill!l  ■     Lii 

I'iti'il    i:.   Till  ums-iv,    ti.'oloj;!,.    I'l;;.  I'ajv  ,lii    I'imi.',   i  .i\ii1.;;i'   l.a>"lnii. 

liilltc    (k'  111     Limisiiiiir,    tli>iv(fris    cf  dl'  IVllnr  I.avill.     'I'lirV  lirr  in  1!  :r  a 

'"""•  (Nmivciiux    \'<i_viiui'!<,  I,  ]i.  Mil.  Iiiit 

'    1      llo     not      lilldW     wluTC     tlli-r       hi-.  U.irU   i>.    |«.~ir.ii)r  ID  (   l.lilllVllix, 

clinrps  Will' Hindi'  ;  nut  in  DuuhhiI,     nn  I  lii'wcopi.jiliini  iilniust  llirully. 


I'i 


IIISTOHV    !)l'   NKW    i"i(;\.MI- 


i 


i 

]V 


'■  I 


uv 


»'     4 


'''-^'^'    fiiiliirc  III'  Ills  ('Ut(>rprisi's  uiiulf   liiiii  sccni  ii  lUiTc  advcii- 

tnicr  to   tliosf   who  ju(l!,'('  only   liy   iipp:ariinc'os.     I'l'is, 

nnfortnnat(?ly,  comprises   tlic   majority,  and  dtH'idos   llio 

public  voice. 

Whatoc-       ^Icainvliilc,  Father  Anastasius,  liavinj;  soon  do  la  Sale 

ournd  after       ,,  i   •      ,.  ,  i  i 

liiH ui;ith.  lall  at  ins  ieet,  (^\pl't•ted  that  the  murderers  woiikl  sluw 
him  no  mercy,  if  only  to  rid  themselves  of  such  a  witn  -ss 
of  their  crinu; ;  Jut  Duliaut,  approaciiin,!.-.  reassured  liim, 
tloclariug  tliat  the  deed  he  had  just  committed  was  a:i  let 
of  despair,  and  that  he  had  long  liarbored  venge.iiice 
against  -Moranget,  who  had  sought  his  ruin.  At  that 
moment  his  accomplices  interru[)tod  him,  stripped  the  d(  ad 
body  to  the  very  shirt,  a?ui,  after  insulting  it  with  ewry 
indignity,'  dragged  it  into  some  bullies,  where  tlii'y  left  it, 
unburied.  There  is  no  foundation  f«>r  what  Father  lle)i- 
ui'pin  ha<  written,"  that  Father  Auastasius  buried  Jiim, 
and  [ilanted  a  cross  on  his  grave.  Jouttl  does  not  men- 
tion it,'  and  wo  cannot  but  believe  that  that  traveler,  who 
outers  into  the  greatest  detail  as  to  what  occurred  before 
his  eyes,  would  not  have  omilted  the  circumstance ;  he 
himself,  IkuI  the  thing  been  possible,  wmil  I  not  iiave  i'ai  ed 
to  join  Fatlier  Auastasius  hi  rendering  tiio  last  rites  to  a 
master,  whom  ho  had  always  esteenud.  The  assassius, 
after  thus  giving  the  last  stroke  to  their  |)arricile, 
proceeded  to  the  camp,  b)  which  tlu^y  had  already 
sent  the  fruit  of  tlu'ir  iiuiit  liy  some  Indians,  who  \\it- 
ue^ised  the  ali'air,  and  were  scandalized  at  what  lliey 
bi'lield. 

It  was  from  Father  Anasiasiiis  that  IMr.  Cavelier  learned 

'  Ijiotot,  i.'r.|]rciaUy,  iusuliiil  it,  dc  I'iivnir  ciilr.  .r,  ct  luis  nil-' ciniN 
call iujj  out :  "T'n'rr  ymi  iut,  <"!:iii'l  Mif  ^'ll  Iojsmv"  It  is  not  rijfht,  Iriiw- 
liaslmw  ;    tin.'!' '  vou  urel"     .lout 


.luuriiiil  lli!<t<iri(iiic.  I'. 'JOi;. 

■  lliiiii('[iiii,  Voyaj;o  a  uii  I'avr, 
Ac;  Viivairi  s  nil  Nonl,  v.,  ;  ;>. 
0l;l-4. 


ever,  to  iiiiikc  1.  Mnopin  ri'spoii-'blo 
in  this  case,  as  ho  follows  TailiL-r 
Anns;ar.iii!-,  who  stati's  it  hiiii.rll'iii 
liis  aic-uuiit,  j;ivL'ii  in  Lo  l!r:Ti|, 
IClnlilisi-t'ini'iit  Jo  la  l-"oi,  ii.,  i'.    'il. 


"  Joutul  is  not  luticl)- bilcnl  asto  .Joiiti.'I  wa-  nc  I  in  cainp  \vli"ii  lli'' 
tln'sf  points.  Ill-  s!Lyie,  fsprfss-lv  :  a.Si-a^hiii;;  <-.uui'  in.  unl  I'onM  ii^il 
"  IVicn   loin,  onininc  .lit    u.i  auunir,     iiav<'  aiilni  Auastasius. 


UlSTu.n    OK    NKW    I'HANCi; 


his  l)r(>tlioi''s  doatli.'  Ho  at  unco  told  the  ctJiihipirators  i6S7-(;o 
that  if  it  was  tlieir  ilcsi^'u  to  riil  thciiisi  Ivt.-^  lu  him  alho,  ■— ^- — 
he  panloin'il  thoni  his  dcalli  hcfori'lian.l,  aiid  tliat  tlieoiily 
favor  lin  asked  was,  tliat  tlicy  would  ,L;iaiit  liiin  a  (|Uai'tei' 
of  all  liour  to  invpaiu  to  die.  Tlicy  iciiUi'd  that  lie  had 
uothiii,^  to  fear,  and  tliat  no  uiie  eoniplaiiied  of  him.' 
JdiUi'I  was  not  thea  iu  tlie  cami) ;  Lari'lieve<|i;e,  wiio  was 
friendly  toward  him,  started  out,  to  warn  him  tlial  his 
deatii  was  decided  u[)on,  if  he  showe;!  the  least  rtMntineiit 
at  what  had  happened,  or  j)rel(uded  to  e\(  rt  the  authority 
conferred  U|)Oii  liim  hy  de  hi  >Sale  ;  but  that  if  lu;  held  his 
peace,  ho  (Larcle'Vecpie)  would  assure  his  lii'e. 

Joutel,  who  was  of  a  very  mild  dis[)osilion,  rejilicd  that 
they  should  bo  well  .satisliod  with  his  conduct  ;  lliat  he  be- 
Heved  they  all  were  pleased  with  the  inaiiner  in  which  he 
liad  exercised  comniaiid  ;  and  that  In;  would  be  but  too  well 
pleased  to  have  no  pari  in  it.  They  tjun  returned  to 
cam]),  and  Duhaut,  as  soo.i  as  h,'  saw  .font-'!,  cried  out  to 
him  that  eacii  one  luust  eoniman  1  iu  turn.  Ide  had  liim- 
.self  already  .seized  all  authotity,  and  iiie  ilrst  (fXerciM'of  it 
was  to  take  posNessioii  of  all  the  stores,  wiiicli  he  shared  with 
[jart'iievc(]ue,  sayiii,i^  tliai:  all  iuloM^cd  to  them.  It  is  as- 
sert(Ml  tliat  there  was  tliirty  tiiousand  francs  in  .Lioods.  mid 
twenty  thousand  iu  specie  and  silver-))lat(\'  Tlu'  p.iiri- 
cides  had  streiii,'th  and  audacitv  on  their  side,  and  liad 


The  :o:l- 
sills  ii— mill' 
c'uniiii:iiul. 


'  .limti'l,   11.   2tr:'.      l-"iitliiT   .\iu',s-  -  .li.iurl,  .(iiiu'iinl  HisKiriijiir.  |.|i. 

vn.sius  s;iys  tli.Ti  ho  I'litcri'd  th-' I'uhiu  '.jO-;-.").        FalliiT      .\ii:isiii'.iii~t     (Lc 

first,  ami  tlmt  I'uvfliiT,  tiffing  liiiu  ('ltn(].  ii..  iip.   m|:1-Ii  snvr.   lie  iuid 

in   tears,  lunl    tin;   (■(nuliict    of    tin-  lln'  Ctivclifis  till    oii   their    kiUMf, 

lucii,  who  licgiin  iihiiuU'riiifr,  fried  ami   tlmt   I'lf  iiv^;i->'n-  wcif  ll:;,^•^•(l 

out:  "All'  my   lircithfr  is   il.'nil  !"  to  shuif  thi  in,  o;i  CDiflilupii  of  tlifir 

Lf  (.ifirii,  ii..  ji.  ;!l:l  :   llfii!if].in.  ]>.  mit    I'ftuniiiif,'    to   I'raiiff  ;    thnuirli 

24"i.      'I'iilciii    (Iiiii  TMiraticins,    .Ms.)  smiif   wliii   wishfil    to   jro    lufk    to 

says  that,  ci.i  futcrin;;.  Oiihi-.ut  tnUl  France,  were  to:  Uilliii::  tip  ;ii. 

tile    Cavfl.ei-s   wliat   lie    liad    donf  :  '   I  do  not  l.iiew  wliere  I 'liailevnix; 

thai    l.f  hud  done  it   to  ave iiiv    his  t'onnl   lliis,      Nolhinjr  of  ilie    Kind 

brother's  deieli  ;  and  that  ilifv  fould  apjuais  in  t!ie  iiapers  of  Cavelier, 

retire    wlicre    they    pleased,    ns    he  wlio  states,  howevfr,  that   the   taiii- 

riMiM   no  l.iii{;er  bi'ar  the   sight  of  ily  ;,(lvanced   iiio>t    of  the   IJdO.ollO 

thfin  iivves  tliat  llie  ex]u'dilinn  ("'.-t. 

Vol,.  iv.-i;i. 


i! 


'.'    I 


liisToiiv  OF  m;\v  rijANCL:, 


r 


I* 


•I  '^ 


N  :.r 


i-7-';0, 


I.I  ii>  iih 


sliowii  llicn;'~.'!vis  c;i])iilil.- (jf  tin-  !j;i-i>ato.st  crinKS  ;  lu'aco, 
llirv  iiit't,  at  lir.->t,  no  ivsiMtaiicc. 

'J'iioicxt  (Liv,  May  *Usi,'  all  {\h\  Jm-imuOi,  with  soiiio 
fiiilians,  M-'t  out  for  the  Ccnis  villa  ^o, -wliirh  was  Jiot  I'ai- 
ili  .!aiit  ;  luit  llic  \vi  uIIk  r  wrs  so  biul,  aiui  tlio  road  so  (lilli- 
L'lilt,  that  ihcy  wen:  soon  coiupcllwl  to  lialt.  Oil  the  ^'.Jii; 
•fuiiu'i  was  (li;t:u;lu  (!,  A\itli  tlie  siirift'on,  Liotot,  Hiciis,  an,] 
TcsMtr,  to  set!  v.hotlur  thrv  fonhl  not  obtahi  soiuo  ])rovi- 
sio;is  i'i-(,iii  tli(>  Cciii.--.  O'i  til,,  ih'st  ilav  th^'v  inM'f'ivcil 
thi\'e  wcll-inouiittHl  Jmliaiis  one  ilivsscil  in  Spaiiisli  styh', 
vlio  earn  •  io  moot  thi'iii.  'J'hcy  al:  lirst  took  this  one  for  a 
(o;il  Sp.iiiiar.l,  laorc  csijoci.iliy  as  thoy  liad  lioard  .say  that 
S()!i~a'  were  ciiiiiiiiL,' to  join  tl.i  C'ciiis  against  auotiKH'  )iati(jji  ; 
and  as  they  wcro  iiuu'h  afraid  of  ladling  ivio  [\ic  hands  of 
the  Spania.rds,  wiio  wore  loth  t-<)  sec  otlnn'  Ivaropeans  ii 
their  vieinity,  their  llrst  thought  was  to  make  away  with 
this  on:',  and  then  lake  liight  at  once," 

tiowcve;',  Joiite!,  goiii;;-  aJiead,  hiet  him,  and  aihlressed 
hini  in  Siianisli  and  Lt.di;ni.  The  Indian  re|>lic,l,  in  tlu' 
('  'i.i-  lan,.;n.i;;'e,  that  he  did  not  understand'  what  he  said, 
a  a, I  this  answer  relievt-d  hiin.  Tlu;  two  otJier  Indians 
wvf  iiak  ■(],  and  one  of  tin  ni  had  a  line  gray  i  ,are,  eai'i-y- 
ing  two  mat  ]i.Lniiiei's,  made  o'i  vane,  and  fnll  of  parehiil 
indian-corn-inea].  i  Le  -oreseiited  some  to  the  J-'i'ench,  and 
.ulded  il.a!.  his  iiiiu.ter  was  impatiently  iiwaiting  them, 
•'outcl  !ts!.{>d  whether  tiiere  wen;  any  Spaniards  amon  ; 
!hem.  'j  ia>y  replied  that  Ihen^  were  none  among  them, 
hut  that  there  wcw  sonn'  aniong  a  ii.'ighhoring  nation." 

The  Iii.lian  dress;  d  in  Spanish  garl>  added  thai  he  Jiad. 
'•een  i'l  ihi'ir  coimiiy,  ;nd  ieid  returned  e((nijipiMl  as  d.ey 

'   .)culi'l.    ^|.l•:lKil\;;■  ol     I.:'.  i-::V.i-.-  ii.    \k   oil):   llri.n,-|.iii,    |i.    •,>!;:)  ...-ivb 

''.■;i;li,  .-.'VJ  ';>.  IV'ii  i!i:i:  il  !i.'i;i;h.ii.'!1  llii'  r.ilii  ;  liiil  .l.inn  i  :■.■,. ni  J  Mcnnit  ■. 

■i\  t!i" '.'i':'i  :  iiii-l,  ill  anntliiT  ])\:\i-'         -'  .Iduti'l.  .'I'liiial    I!is'i.ii(jiii'.   ,  :■ 

;i.  -JOI  ..  Ill- .-ii.VT^.i:!  il.r  iiiiii-iii.tlmt  ','ll-.>--.MO. 

1.   li:i|'|)ciii'il  ilii'  r.Mli,  «hic-li  !ii;i..|'-i         ^  "  ('ou>~iiM — 1     do     not     iiih'.i  r 

sviill    llKisI    111'  till' nvrolluN.      I!ilt  il  f^rniil."      Jdlltrl,  Juurmil  llistoriqilr. 

ruist  1».  r.'i'i  nil."  r."l  t'liiit  li.'iiiil  ni.i     ji. ',!11. 

1  iniM'if    |.iiii;     li':^:    work.        CJnii'i-  '   Airoii;;-    lhi>    A:-;n|iys,       JoiUrl, 

f  >  ■!■.     Fntlior  AiK','tn..iiu:i  (I,,.  CNtcii.     .Tonrii'tl   lii--tovii|H.>.  ]).  '.M'.'. 


iiisroiiv  OK  .\i;\\   FifANri-: 


siiw  him.  He  llicu  (lit'\.'  Inmi  liis  imcki't  u  ]>riiiti  ;  Iv'iii-  . 
i->li  5);iiif'r,  ooutjiiniiip;  the  iiuliil-i'iicrs  <j,i:iiitiil  \>\  ihf  i  li.iy  - 
S;'e  1(1  tlic  ijii^siounrii's  of  Xcw  ]\[iNici, ;  ;iii,  r  wliicli,  iic 
ami  liis  l\v(i  (•(Piii]i,iiiiMiiv>  ( (Miiiniicl  tlicii-  i mil"  (iiwiird  [t'-- 
i'Aiii\i  ;  llicv,  iicM  I'lhclcs-,  i'li;iii:;.''l  tlicii' hiihils  iil't'TWaril. 
■iiitl  rclniciil  tlii'ii' sicj.s.  Tlic  l''r.  iirli  culN'd  tlicni  luirl;, 
.■iml  otlrl'cj  tllOUl  foou.  >'l)<)lll_V  ;iiV  r  rali'l-j',  ;.-  ni-^llt  h:;:! 
;^:'l  ill.  tlic  I'micli  (Ijil  iiDt  wish  i'l  ;m»  uiiy  I'm  llicr,  an  i  lie 
iir-t  I'ldiaii  rciiiaiiKMl  w  i;ii  llicii  ill'  two  oli'-r-^  n  .-.inai::,; 
ilr  ir  rDiitc  to  llicir  vi!ia,u;c  . 

'J'li(>  r'rciicli  ami  Ihi'ir  new  ^lu-l  Wi'Ul  ila  .  >•  in  flic  ini  n  :i- 
iii.U,  and  inofcrilid  diiiclly  ti;  l!i(^  cliicrs  imImii  ;  Im!  lii'-y 
liad  sc  irccly  a|)[!rar('d  a;  tlic  cnlraiu-c  of  th-a  viila,ui\  v.-in  u 
till  y  ]ic:\<'i\t'<l  the  old  incii  (aniiiu.';  la  c  u  laoiiy  ti>  nictl 
tlaiii.  Tlicy  h.id  across  their  slrail  1.  rs,  a  ^  n  .(-■.  d;  vsi'd 
(h'or-slciiis,  pahited  various  ciloi-s,  nr.d  mi  lli.  .'r  hi^ad  a  nit'i 
'if  fcaliic!  ■;,  t'orhiiiin'  a  kind  ol'  cro\'..M,  Soia.'  wire  sijUarc 
sword-liladcs,  such  as  ^S|lalliards  iisi^.w  ith  >!i-  hili  mioi-acd 
iv'itli  feathers  vA  hells;  others  wiVi'  aiuiid  v.ilii  iiows, 
arrows,  and  tomahawl;s.  Some  had  j;rcat  ]m'C;  s  of  whili 
eloUi  ])a->iiiL;'  I'roiii  one  shoulder  imdi'i'  ihc  oiccr  ;  all  had 
ill!  ir  tiua's  dauhed  wilh  i'lack  and  ud. 

'j'hese  old  lucii  \\ eii  i.  el'ic  in  nnniijer,  and  iKe-sed 
amid  the  youn^  Juen  and  warrior .,  van^^ed  in  liii'.  in 
2;n()d  o!'d(>r.  As  soon  as  tla  y  v.cie  i:car  iMione-h  '  >  lie 
French,  the  ^aiide  of  the  latti  r  motion,  d  lo  them  to  hall. 
.and  the  old  men  at  once  rais(  d  their  hind.-  aliove  their 
heads,  utteriiej;  loud  cri^s  ;  tljey  tin  n  ia:i  u[)  to  embra.ce- 
the  French,  and  e-ave  theiii,  in  their  t'a;'i!on,  evi  vv  hiiii]  of 
caress;  next  they  jiresent'al  them  with  j.ijicr,  ,ii.d  loli.aceo, 
and  at  last  hroueht  them  a  Frtnchman  from  rrovencc 
oao  of  those  who  had  ih  serted  from  de  1  i  Sale  on  hi-.  lli>! 
journey.  Ho  was  naked,  like  i]n.  Judians,  and  co  lid 
scarcely  spoak  his  own  lanun.i^o.  Ho  seemed  cliariiiei!  io 
BCO  men  of  his  own  country  .and  .acijuaintance. 

The  French  were  conducted,  Milh  the  e.-cort  just  de- 
scribed, to   the  cliief's   cabin.  whcK'   thevwiie  verv  we.l 


'il 


:  'I 


I 


in;) 


lIlS'l'iiUV    dl'    m:\V   I'liANC 


.f 


■i  i 


H  M 


^■1 


'    * 


if)8;-f;o.  received,  'riieiu'c  iliey  Were  led  to  n  still  lar.L'er  ealiiii,  ii 
"■^''~~^  (|Uiiiter  of  11  league  distant  from  tlie  first,  ;tin!  set  ii]>art 
for  pidilie  r<>joiciii,i,fs.  'I'luy  found  tlie  floor  spreid  wilii 
mats,  OH  uliii'h  tliey  won;  made  t<i  sit  down,  (lie  old  im  n 
vaiijjiiiu;  tliemsclvos  around.  Tlio  Indians  Iie^'an  liy 
livin'^in;'  them  sajjaniity,  and  ■\c<j;ctaliles  of  all  iiinds; 
during  tlie  uieal,  and  while  oat-h  smoked  his  pi])e,  tliey 
t'oiiversed  witii  thorn  on  sonio  warlike  projects. 

'J'he  l*i-.)\iii(;al  lived  in  .-nioiher  \  i!la<j,e,  to  whii-!i  he  took 
the  !''re!i(  ii  p.'iily,  and  tliere  thry  were  received  nearly  as 
they  Were  in  t!ie  lirst.  Xi^ht  coniini;-  on,  tlieii-  j,'uide  took 
them  to  his  cahin,  where  they  siieiit  tiie  iiij:lit.  The  next 
day  tlie  oM  men  of  the  liist  vilia!.r(!  came  for  tlnun,  and 
took  them  to  the  eahin  where  they  had  boon  feasted  tlio 
day  Ix'i'ore.  Hero  the;,  oiiiained  prcjvisiotis  in  exc!ian,!j;e 
for  goods  ;  liut  as  tlun'e  was  not  ^rain  onou,!j;h  in  the  ^  illago 
for  the  wants  of  th(>  Froncli,  Jontel  sent  his  c()i;i])anio!is 
liack  to  camji  with  the  Provencal,  and  remained  anion;.; 
tlie  Cenis  to  .uet  the  I'ost  of  his  supplies. 

Anothor  motive  also  induced  him  to  remain  some  time 
amoii}^  tliese  people.  Ascert.'iiniuL,'  that  there  were  two 
uioie  of  la  S;iie"s  desi-rters  amoiij.'  a  nei;<hl)orin,L;  nation, 
he  hopi'd  to  derive  mo/e  information  from  tiieni  than  lai 
had  from  the  Provencal  in  regard  to  the  ^lieissipi,  and  the 
route  to  be  taken  in  order  to  reach  the  Illinois.  Ho  ac- 
eordinpjly  liad  those  two  men  sent  for,  and  one  night, 
while  he  was  lying  in  a  cal)in,  but  imt  asleep,  ho  heard 
s«me  one  walking  softly  beside  his  bed  ;  he  looked,  and, 
by  the  light  of  the  tire  in  the  lodge,  perceivi'd  a  man, 
perfectly  naked,  with  a  bow  and  two  airows,  who,  without 
11  word,  sat  doAvn  beside  him.' 

1I(!  regarded  him  iV)r  some  time,  addn  ssed  him  several 
questions,  and  received  no  answer.  This  silence  excited 
his  susj)icio'i,  and  made  him  grasji  his  two  pistols.  Then 
the  man  lose,  and  sat  down  by  the  tii'c.     .loutel  followed. 


,5- 


'  Joutrl,  .lounial   Ilistoriquc,  \<\'    >M-l-(i.  l!:;0-;5. 


rilSTOHY    OK   Ni:\V    KUANCK. 


101 


,1 


and  t,■y^^i\  liini  (•l.)S:iy.  wIumi  tlic  ii'i'tnidiil  liulian  fell  i;!i  i'')87-9o. 
his  iH'di,  iiddrcsscd  liim  in  ]'r(>ncli,  find  made  hiuisi'lf 
known  as  ono  of  tiu>  dosorlcrs  wIkhh  lir  sou^dit.  .loutol 
asked  liini  wIk'I'c  Ids  comrado  was,  and  lie  i'e])lied  that  ho 
had  not  ventured  to  come.  Th(\y  wen;  liotli  sailors ;  this 
one  was  a  Jireton,  named  liiiter  ;  the  other,  (Irollet,  was 
from   la  llochelle. 

They  liad  in  a  sliort  time  so  completely  adopted  Indian 
haliits,  tjiat  they  would  never  have  liecni  taken  for  Euro- 
peans. Not  only  were  they  7iaked,  lait  they  Imd  their 
whole  body  jiainted  and  tattooed.  Tiiey  were  married,  and 
had  several  wives.  The  Cenis  Imd  taken  them  on  their 
wars  ;  and,  as  lontj  as  their  powder  lasted,  they  had  won 
admiration  liy  the  elVeet  of  their  muskets  ;  but  as  soon  as 
their  ammunition  failed,  they  were  (jbli^ed  to  liandle  the 
liow  and  arrows.  The  ioose  life  which  they  led  had  great 
attractions  for  them,  and  lli<v  had  scarcely  a  sentiment  of 
rejiprio]!  Jt.fi. 

Jontel  pavo  Hutei'  an  account  of  do  la  S.ile's  death  and 
iiiat  of  his  nei)he\v,  Moran^'et,  and  he  seemed  touched. 
When  asked  wliethcr  he  had  not  heard  the  ('cnis  speak 
of  tlio  Micissi]ii,  ho  told  Jontel  that  he  had  not :  that  he 
luid  oidy  heard  it  said  that  there  was  a  iiie.-it  river  forty 
leagues  to  the  northeast,  the  banks  of  wliit'h  were  densely 
peopled,  and  where  they  had  seen  men  mad(;  and  clothed 
like  us.  This  river  Joutel  felt  confident  was  that  which 
ho  sought;  and,  as  he  had  k  solved  to  jtart  company  with 
la  Sale's  murderers  as  soon  as  possible^  his  only  thought 
was  to  ascertain  tlie  route  to  be  followed  in  order  to  reach 
tliat  great  river.  Uuter  returned  home  the  next  day, 
Jcmtel  giving  him  whercAvith  to  make  some  little  pres- 
ents to  his  Avives,  and  begging  him  to  persuade  his 
comrade,  Grollet,  to  come  and  sec  him. 

On  the  (Ith  of  Ajiril  they  both  arrived  in  his  cabin, 
equip]ied  in  the  some  manner,  except  that  (irollet  had  not 
tattooed  his  face,  nor  consented  to  cut  his  hair  in  the  Cenis 
fashion — a  fashion  odd  enough,  as  it  consisted  in  wearing 


I 


(>■, 


'( 


I 


*,■  -i 


\i  n 


'4 


'I  J 


i  ^. 


102 

1687-91 


Jiiiircli-nr,-. 
imrl  «itli 

lllf  oil  l|:i. 


iii>n>:;v  oi'  m;\v  i-kwci;. 

till'  hair  v.rv  :,li,ii>l,  ..\.'('].liii,i4  'i  till'!,  which  the  liiliaus 
l(>:iv(>  f)ii  llic  toji  of  Ihi'  h(  ,1(1,  (ir  soiiK'tiiiK  s  011  tlio  sides, 
mill  l'r;iiil  in  :i  (|ii<mi('. 

(ii'nllct  coiiliriiK  .i  his  coiiira Ic's  slMlciiiciit  (o  .loud  1  as 
to  a  Lii-.v'f  river  lo  flic  northeast,  on  llic  liaiil<s  ol'  whicli, 
Enrojieaiis  had  l>e(  n  seen  ;  and  lioth  oM'ered  to  accoiiipaiiy 
hiiM  to  Ihe  camp.  Jie  was  clianned  with  tliis  resolution; 
and,  on  t!i(!  Kih,  two  J'^reiiciinien  liaviiii';  come  lo  (he  Cenis 
with  a  lioisf!  to  cari'V  tlie  inovisions  purchased  hv  doutel, 
all  set  out  io.uether,  and  arrived  on  tiio  Idlh. 

DininL;  Joutel's  nlisence,  la  Sale's  murderers  had  m  -;sed 
apart,  ami  t'oianed  the  desii;n  of  returnin;.;-  to  St.  Louis,  in 
ordi^r  to  Iniild  a  lioat,  and  proceed  to  the  West  Indies. 
>iothin;.;'  was  more  cliiiiierical  than  this  laojecf.  'i'liL'\- 
lacked  most  of  the  tools  necessary  lor  tliis  work,  ami  not 
om^  of  tlnuii  had  ever  lear'a'd  how  to  handle  any.  ]>ut  il 
was  the  iu\st  elfect  of  the  verli-o  with  which  (lod  oi'ten 
punishes  those  wlio  have  tilled  up  the  cup  of  their  iin(piity. 
Vet,  as  He  did  not  desii.oi  to  involve  the  innocent  in  the 
misi'o'-lune  Aviiich  His  justice  laid  iij)  for  the  ^uiUv,  He 
inspin'<l  the  foi'iiier  with  llie  desi-n  of  separating'  from 
the  latter  ;  and,  in  fact,  their  only  tlionght  was  to  tak(i  up 
the  route  in  the  direction  v,  here  they  deemed  the  Illinois 
to  be.' 

:\lr.  Caveliev,  who  was  at  their  head,  liavin-,'  learned 
that  j)uhaut  and  his  accomplices  were  ju'eparini^'  to  send 
to  tiie  Cenis  to  buy  hoi.-cs  lo  cairy  their  baggagi^  to  St. 
Ii(juis,  went  tohi!ii,  and  told  him  tJiat  he,  with  some  others, 
whom  he  named,  we!(*  too  exhausted  to  undertake  the 
march  he  contein]ilated  ;  thai  it  was  their  idea  to  remain 
for  some  time,  at  least,  in  the  first  Cenis  villa.c^e  ;  and  ho 
be.irged  Diihaut  to  make  them  a  jiresent  of  some  axes,  a 
little  powder  and  ball,  and  to  add  wliat  would  enable  them 
to  buy  provisions;  that,  if  he  wished,  he  nii,i.dit  even  .set 
down  the  ))rice  he  re([uired,  and  tlnit  he  would  ,t;!\ehini 
his  note  for  it. 


'  .loutf!.  .ronrnal  Ui-loriquo,  pjv  ',':;i-!l. 


I 


I 


li;sTou\    ui'  m:\v   Kiswri' 


loa 


as 


Dnhiuil  (Ifi'iTcil  his  iinsv.cr  to  tlic  ui\[  (Liy  ;  ainl,  iit'tci'  i''^~-yo. 
coiisiilliii'4  \vi;ii  his  Imnd,  he  l"M  Mr.  Cr.iiiT  tliat  l:c''^''~~^ 
C'oiis.'iili'd  !i)  c;ivi'  Iil' i  liall'  ilic  .-tii'c,-  tliat  wt  re  It  It. 
Ho  a.iMi'il  till!  if  !m'  alrl  lii>  il'l  .1)1  suri.'.cil  ill  iilliiililii; 
abaii.lluy  wniiM  r.  tnin;  aiul  liia'  in-  woiilil  iln  thriii  a 
faviii-  ti)  aci'iiiiuilatf  in'iivisioii.s,  at  all  liaz.anls.  -V  I'cw  ilavs 
afliT,  lit  rhan,i,'t'il  his  iniiitl  abnut  rt'tuiiiiii;,'  ti>  St.  Lmiiv, 
and  |irii|i.)Sftl  ti)  iii-;  fomrailt's  t  >  rcjuiii  Mi'.  Cavclit  r,  and 
pi'ijfi'fd  In  till'  llliniiis.  I  lirii.-.  aiiil  sniih- nthfi's  Wfi'e  nt)t 
of  tills  ()|>iiiii)ii,  and  ili'iiia!iil''d  llitir  ^liai'i-  til'  llif  ;.'iH)ils, 

Diiliaut  raised  iiliji'ciiDiis  ;  ihfv  (jiiariflfil  ;  and,  at  last,  .-.vi  m,]  <  i 
Hifiis  ili'fw  his  |iisti.],  and  shot  Diihiuit  in  thtj  licaiL  i.icnni. 
He  sl.i'j^cri'd  liiii''  jiatM'S  IVoin  llif  s|iol  Avhfi'f  In-  was,  aipi 
ftdl  ilcad.  Ai  til''  saiiif  liuif,  liiilcr,  the  Jhftoii  sailo;. 
wimiii  Joiittl  had  hi'oii^hl  iVoiii  tlu'  Ccnis,  and  who  had 
takfii  sides  Willi  lliciis,  tir-d  hi  4  lllll^kl■t  at  Liolot.  the 
snr;;i'.in.  That  \.-rt'tf!i.  although  he  rt't'eived  tlirrf  hilis 
in  his  hixly,  iiiiLi'crc'il  soini'  hours,  and  was  so  hajipv  as  {>> 
rPCt'i\('  the  saeraiiicnt  of  iieiiaiiee,  al'tei'  whitdi  the  one  who 
wonnded  hiin  shot  iiini  thail  with  a  ]ii>-iol.  Thus,  tlie  two 
who  niui'tU'rt'tl  de  la  Sal"  mil  his  ne|ilitw,  were  the  l'ir:>:, 
vit'tiiiis  of  the  sjiirit  of  niatbiess  wliieh  they  hail  ini'nsed 
iiiio  thai  ill-staired  ctiloiiv.' 

Joutel,  wlio  witllessetl  this  Iiiassael'e,  at  taiee  sid/.  d  his 
Jimsket  It)  tlefend  liimstdf,  in  case  they  soiiLiht  his  life  as 
W(dl  ;  Imt  llieiis  t-alletl  out  to  h'lii  not  to  In?  al.u'ine.l  :  that 
lie  iiad  no  ohject,  exeejit  aveii-in^'  the  ilenlh  of  his  iiatr^.n  ; 
he  added  that  althouuh  he  had  heeii  in  Duhaiit's  jiiot,  he 
ha>I  i.ut  I'onsonted  to  his  pairieide,  ;iiid  would  have  jUi  - 
ven,,ti  it  had  he  laeii  pre^en:.     The  Iialians  did  not  know 


'I" 

^1 


'    .IciiHi'I,  .Ii>i!rn:il    lli-i(iric|U",   y]<.  On-   \n<[   iiti>,  oin-  i>\'  tl.c  n.-si: -si.i.s 

^41-;l.       i'lalii'.'   Aiin.-iiir-iii,-.   wh.i  Is  ii.v.i  u  c.iii  1  i.^ur  al   lii>  lifU.l,  wli;^  !i 

lus<  .'.  t  i'iIimI,  -,1;.'   Duhaut  vm.s  shut  >.  1    lire  lo  hi-  liair  iilul  cldthfs.  iiii-l 

thniu-:.  til.' l,.art.     l,i't'l.'ir,|.  Kuili-  tins    li-    p.-nsii.tl.      Iliiil.       I'i.'H;.- 

ii.ssrni-iit  (ic  111  l-'oi,  ii  ,  |i.  :M(i;  llrii-  'l\iUn\   u-\  rvM\,\>,   Duliiuit  »;•  lolli-l 

m-liiii,  |>. ','17.      'I'hf  ilnuli  (.!'  l/i  )r.it  'ov  .Jiuiii>,  .hir.U's  l.y    IhitiT,  lauur 

III!  ili-iTiiMs  as  liTl-ibli'  :     ,\i'i.r  al-  Iv  11  siii-friini.  wlm  lied  ti^  tlic  I.olios, 

lowininn  .ol't'i.-  in-i.'Sfs  t'M^iv,.  Ii;m  a'l  1  was  k;';li,',l  in  \,-ar. 


1  ^j 


104 


HlS'l')i;V   (»!••   M;\\    lUANCE. 


1687-90.    what  to  tliiuk  of  tlicsc  nuuili'is,  wliicli  scaudiili/od  tln-m 
^— v—'  gi'i'iitly.     Tliey  wwv  ri^^lit,  and  iiii;^'lit  iiiori"  justly  treat 
tlu(SO  l''renL'linu'U  as  sava.m's  lliaii  \m',  \>y  any  ri^lit,  coiiM 
I'l'^'ard  tlifiii  as  siicli.' 

Still,  as  tlicy  witu  ui'L-dcd,  Joiiti'l  t,'avo  tliciii  to  uiidcr- 
staiul  tliat  tiii'su  two  iiiou  d<'.s(  rvid  tlio  tivatim-iit  wliioli 
thoy  liad  just  fxporicucod,  for  liavin;^  dipjuid  tlioir  hands 
iu  tho  blood  of  their  fomniandci's,  and  vinlintly  s('izin,L( 
what  did  not  l)clon;^'to  tlu.'ni  ;  ami  this  LXplanatioiiscenicil 
to  satisfy  tlifni.'  Laic'lH'\i'(|Ut!  was  not  at  tiic-  villago  whilo 
all  this  occurred  ;  lio  had  -^imii  oil'  early  tiiat  very  day  to 
hunt,  and  llii'us  was  hent  on  treating  luni,  on  his  n'turn, 
ns  he  had  just  dono  Duhaut ;  but  ]\Fr.  Cavelier  and  Tather 
Anastasiiis  suceeeilcd  in  dissiiadiu,!,',  and  Joutel  went 
iu  search  of  Jjarcheveiiue,  to  warn  him  oi  tiit;  peril  that  ho 
had  been  in.  lie  tlien  look  him  t<i  i liens,  and  thosi;  two 
mou  niutuall}-  plcdj^etl  their  wmd  not  to  allempt  anything' 
a},'ainst  eaeli  other. ' 
Some  of  Ai^'jr  this  reconciliation,  they  a;4ain  i)roceeiled  t(j  delin- 
:i('!(iinpaM.v' <5i''do  on  tho  course  to  1)0  pursued;  i)Ut  iliens  deelareil 
""  wiir.*'"  tli'^t  lie  had  i)romi?M'd  the  C'enis  to  i(o  to  war  with  tiiem, 
ami  that  if  thi'}'  clioose  to  wait  anioni^  thoso  Indians  till 
his  return,  they  would  then  see  wiiat  was  best  to  be  done. 
Mr.  Cavelier  and  his  party  were  obli^'ed  to  ac((uiesce  in 
all  that  tlujso  niadnien  proposeil,  inasmuch  as  tho  ju'operty 
was  not  y(  t  ilivided.  They  accordingly  proceeded  with 
them  to  the  C'enis  villa,ge;  and,  early  in  March,  Hieus  took 
tho  war-path  with  tint  Indians,  toL-etlier  with  hix  i-'rcnch- 
mon,  all  mounted. 
\ictoryc.f  On  tho  I8th,  those  wlio  r>'mained  in  liie  village  wore 
''"'  ''"'^'  much  surprised  to  sei>  women  entt.'r  their  cabins  oarly  iu 
tho  morning,  all  daubed  witli  clay,  and  begin  to  dunco 
around.  Tliis  lasted  threo  hours,  afier  wliich  tlio  master 
of  the  I'abin  gavi;  the  dancers  a  piece  of  nati\e  tobacco, 

'  Jiiutfl.  .I(jiinial  pp.  2  Ill-T.  ^  .IdiUrl.   .luuiiiiil    lli»toric|Ui",    ji. 

'  Jo'iti'I   says  llicy  only  iilU'gcil     ^  |8  ;    Fiitln-i-  ,\iiii«tai-ius  (Lo  CUtci). 
takingtliP  powder  mil  ball  (p.  3tS).      ii.,  p.  ;;i(ii. 


IIISTOIiV    (M-    .NTW     I'-HANCK. 


1U3 


iTUelty 


wliicli  rosi'Mil>loil  ours,  cX('7'|)l  tliai  i':.   iciivrTwi'U' ■ffTTiflttti.  i'fi;-9 
'I'lic  Froiich  wi'i'c  tlii'ii  iiifniiucd  (liat  tin*  Ciiiis  liiiil  won  n  ^-^'-^ 
com] (let I'  victorv,  uiul  tlii'  licncrof  tlic  iiitolli^^'ciicc  aveni.il 
tliit,   lor    liis    j)iiit,  lie    had    IvilKd    alunit   forty  of    tlio 
oiiciiiy. 

'i'lic  woiiioii  nt  oiico  1)i',L,'an  to  )tropiirn  rcfroshmouts,  in 
order  (o  },'o  and  iiu'it  tlie  vietors,  who  reached  the  vil]af»o 
ill  the  aft-riiooii  of  the  :,aiiie  day.  Tiieir  eiieiuies,  the 
Caiiiinhatiiiiios,  liiidawai^  d  them  resolutely  ;  but  the  uoiso 
and  elleet  of  the  Frcneh  liro-arms  so  nliirnieil  them,  that 
they  took  ili,L,dit  after  the  first  volley.  The  Ceiiis  pursued 
them,  and  killed  hirty-eigiit  men  and  women.  Of  tlieir 
pri.soners,  they  s[)ared  only  two  little  boys,  whom  they 
brouuht  to  their  village,  with  the  scalps  of  the  dead;  all 
the  rest  were  butchered  on  the  sjiot,  except  two  women, 
whose  fato  was  still  more  de]iloral)Ie. 

One  was  sent  home,  but  not  till  her  seal])  had  Iieen  torn  TiiLii 
ofl';  a  charge  of  jiowdcr  and  ball  was  tlieii  ]>ut  in  her  hand, 
and  she  was  told  to  carry  that  jireseut  to  her  mition,  and 
warn  them  that  the  Cenis  would  S(jou  c(jme  to  visit  them 
again  with  that  kind  of  arms.  As  for  her  comjianion,  nhv. 
was  delivered  to  thoso  of  her  own  sex,  wlio,  armed  -with 
large  pouited  stakes,  took  her  to  a  [ilaee  a])uit,  where 
there  were  none  but  women.  Tliere,  these  furies  began  Iheii- 
work  :  some  Ijy  giving  her  a  thrust  with  the  point  of  the 
sticks  ;  others  dealing  blows  on  her  body  with  all  the  might 
of  tlieir  arms.  They  then  tore  out  her  hair,  and  cut  oil'  her 
lingers  :  in  one  word,  subjected  lu'r  to  all  tortures  that  cau 
be  imagined,  in  order  to  avenge  on  her  the  death  of  their 
friends  ami  kindred  who  had  been  killed  on  various  occa- 
sions. At  last,  Aveary  of  tormenting  her,  tlie_)  .itablied  her 
to  death.  Her  body  was  then  cut  into  pieces,  which  they 
made  the  slaves  eat.' 

The  next  day  was  set  ajiart  for  rejoicing.  The  chief's 
cabin  was  well  cleansed,  then  s])read  with  mats,  on  wiiich 

'  Jouul,  Jouriuil   Ilistori(jU(\  jip.     lintinos,  not  cnptiiri'd  tlji'ii.  but  long 

'J  i '.(--.")( ;.      'I'lii'   ^liivi's  wcr,'  i'liiiiKi      pri\  ioiisly  tiikcii. 
\..!..  1\  .  -Ij. 


'I'lieir 


4 


i] 


i 


!>iA 


I 


' ) 


10(5 


IllSI'dU^    111"   m;\v    I-I{\N«K 


I't 


>'.  ho  siiclu'ius  mill  till'  Frciicli  woro  scati'il.  Win  ii  (jacli  oin 
•—,-'~  liiid  tiiki'ii  his  pliicr,  Jill  oral"!'  rose,  iilid  iiiMilr  (piitt!  ii  h'U'j, 
S))Ct)i'li,  n)ipaitiitl\  in  )M.ii  c  dl'  tlic  wairiors,  niitl  thiij^rcat 
801'vic'o  Avhicli  llii'ir  jji  wallifs  hiul  jiisl  umlorod  tho  nation. 
Thou  il^\■o!ll!Ul  aiipcavcd,  lioidiii;^' u  Ion;.'  reed  in  her  hand  ; 
(lio  waviiovs  I'oHowcd  hrr,  cacii,  afcordin„'  to  his  ran!;, 
carryin','  a  how  and  two  arrows  in  Iiis  Inind,  ^^reccdcd  l)y 
tla'ir  wivrs,  vlio  hon'  tlic  seaips  Ihrir  iinsliands  hail 
hron.Ljht  liacl^.  'VUv  two  voiin;;  prisoners,  whoso  lives  wero 
spand,  closed  tlio  line;  and,  as  ouo  of  llioin  liad  liocn 
wounded,  lit'  rodo  on  hor.-eliack. 

As  t1ie-e  waiiiors  pasf,i(l  before  tlie  orator,  Ihev  took 
tlie  scalps  from  the  hand-,  of  their  wives,  and  presented 
them  to  iuni.  lie  reeeived  them  with  Imtli  hands,  turned 
them  toward  tlio  four  cardinal  j)arts,and  laid  them  on  the 
ground.  After  the  procession,  fjroid  platters  of  saganiit_\ 
wove  st-rved  np  ;  and,  liei'oie  any  one  tnuelieil  it,  tin' 
orator  took  some  in  a  hiri(0  wooilen  bowl,  and  presented 
it  as  an  oll'erine  to  the  scali)s  ;  thon  he  li,t,dded  a  pipe  of 
tobacco,  and  l)lewsome  o''  the  smoke  on  the  same  scaljis. 
This  done,  the  ban(]uet  l)e,'jan.  ]>esi(Ks  the  sngamity, 
they  served  uji  the  tonf,'nes  of  tln!  enemy  who  had  been 
killed  ;  somo  of  the  llesli  of  the  woman,  whose  torture 
has  been  described,  was  brouL,dit  to  the  two  youn^i,'  in-is- 
oners,  and  they  were  forced  to  eat  it.  The  whole  termi- 
nated with  sons:s  and  dances,  and  the  ceremonies  were 
then  renewid  in  other  cabins. 
Cour^cpui--      After  this  expedition,  there  beiiii;  nothin;,'  to  detain  the 

BUC  1   bv  till.'  ,  ,1  .ri         •  1  111  11. 

French.     J.' rencli  amoUL,'  the  Cenis,  they  assembled  to   take  their 
final  resolve. 

Hiens  bep;an,  at  first,  by  declaring;  that  he  did  not  ap- 
prove the  project  of  endeavoring'  to  tlnd  tin;  Illinois;  that 
he  foresaw  in.surmountable  ditriculties  ;  and  that,  iiKu'e- 
ovcr,  he  did  not  wish  to  return  to  Franc,-',  to  lay  his  ]u>!id 
on  the  scalTold.  The  last  argument  was  unanswerable  ; 
but,  as  it  Avas  the  only  one  that  had  really  induced  Hiens 
to  take  the  dospernte  course  which  li"  rollowed,  thos(>  v.ho 


*l 


UlblOUY  UK  NKW   1-K.VMK. 


lOV 


I 


liid  iiDt  iVol  guilty  iii'iisihtnl  iu  llic  iiroject  <il'  |Mi->!iin^;  (Hi  i^H'-go. 
to  llio  Illinois,  uiul  that  vt  rv  iliiy  1k,';;;iii  to  [injiaro  in  ■'".■""' 
riinu'st  t'di'  llic'ir  ili'|iartiiri'. 

'rim  Indians  liail  viX'atly  cxiigf^cmtcil  to  ,Jnu(fl  tjic 
tlaii,L;iis  to  wliirji  111'  ( .\|io>((l  liiniMtll'  iiy  tiavi'i.sii)g  so  vast 
an  I'xtfnt  of  cuiintry,  wlu'iv  ho  couM  not  avoid  uici^tiii;^' 
ninny  unknown  nations,  nor  oxiioct  a  friendly  rt't-cption. 
'L'hcv  used  t'Vfi'v  ai'unnu  nt  (o  induce  him  and  his  iiartv  to 
i'/nniin  w'lli  tln'iM,  Iml  tin'N'  diil  not  jircvail.  llu  he ;,',!.■;(; d 
tlicni  to  I'uniish  liiui  guides,  to  whom  hu  pvoniisud  a  lai'.i,'« 
reward,  aii''  iliusc  tluy  (.'liccrfully  alt'ovdod  him.  Jlims 
^'avo  Joulil  all  lir  a.-.k('d;  hut  tho  latter  know  well  that  lu^ 
niusl:  not  ask  mnel;.  This  ruJlian  retained  possession  of 
uhuost  all  <lu  la  Sale's  elieets,  and  inid  donned  his  ;^'old- 
laeed  scarlet  coat  ;  Imt,  het'oro  {^'ivinj,'  any  thiuf,',  he  exacted 
of  Mr.  Cavelier  an  attestation,  written  in  Latin,  and  signed 
hy  his  iiand,'  exoiieralint,'  him  from  .all  suspicion  of  com- 
plicity in  iiis  lin.lhei'",s  murili'r  ;  and  it  i^,  jurhaps,  soh  Iv 
on  the  i'ailh  of  this  document  that  some  have  pulilisiicd 
that  he  renily  took  no  part  in  that  ci'ime,' 

Those  who  took  uji  their  march  for  the  flliiiois  were  .sonv  20  to 
sevi'U  III  mimiHr,  namely:  Messrs.  Caveiie.r,  uncle  and 
noph(!W ;  [''alher  Anasta^ius ;  the  Sieiirs  JiaiLrl  and  do 
Marie;  a  yoniit,'  Parisian,  named  Jhirthelemy;  nnd  the 
pilot  Teissier.  Larcheve(]iie,  Mnnier,  and  Ituter,  had 
piedj^-ed  tiieir  word  to  join  the  ]>arty  ;  but  a  Hj>irit  of  liber- 
tina^^'c  retained  them  amouf^tho  Couis  ;  and,  to  all  appear- 
ance, tho  same  fear  thai  seized  Heins  made  an  impression 
on  Larcheve(|ue,  still  more  guilty  than  he.'  M'c  shail  see 
in  the  seijuel  what  liecame  of  these  men,  after  Ave  have 
followed  the  lirst  jiariy  to  France. 

I  shall  not  stop  to  dcseribo  their  journey  iu  detail.  Tiiry^Miivr 
Jouiel  has  made  a  very  circun'stantial  journal,  which  con-  '"AkausM." 
tains  nothing  very  interesting  for  our  purpose.     T"hc  only 


'  .Iniitel,  .luuniid    llis!ciri()iic,  pp.         •'•  Jiiulcl,   .lomiinl     lii^<t<M■i(|lll■,    p. 
-'."i()-'Jt;:l.  '.'(nJ.     [■'ntlicr  .Annbtubiiis  U-'' Clcrcci, 

'  I  do  mt  finrl  thip  Pl.atPtl,  ii.,  p  ;ilT|  fav5  they  ^\■,_■\■r^  only  six. 


i 


!■ 


^i 


f  .1 


;  1 


(IS 


friSTnllV  i>K  M w    ii(\.\(|; 


I.  •?    I 


i6H7-yo.  nntdwfiid  nccidciit  which  li(>f(II  tlicm  in  thi'ir  loni' niid 
tfiilsdinr  tiiiiich.  aviis  tiic  Iohh  of  thf  Kiour  dc  sialic 
nccfirdiiiL'  to  Juiilol,  a  vorv  woilhy  ninn  who  wn% 
drfiwjiod  oil  the  21th  of  Jinio,  whilo  bathiiii,'  in  a  river.' 
On  tlio  2nth  of  Jnly'  thoy  nnivod  ainony  tlio  Akansps, 
wliiM'f  thi  V  found  two  Frciu'liiiKii :  one,  naniod  Prlniinny; 
the  otlicr.  a  cariti'ntei',  calhil  (Vnitiiiv/ 

Tt  wftH  a  Liroat  joy  for  tho  trav(  lors  to  lind  tlu'mwclvos 
Ko  Hear  till'  ^ricisNi)ii  mid  in  a  known  country,  'i'hc  two 
Frciiclinicn  h.'id  Iummi  sent  to  tlic  .Vkansas  hy  tlic  Cheva- 
lier I'onti  on  his  return  from  a  voya{,'i<,  wliich  he  liad  nnide 
in  ]ierson  to  the  month  of  th<^  river,  wlierc  dc  la  Sjih'  hud 
proposed  to  meet  liim.  'I'liey  Imd  hcuun  a  Iionse,  and 
HPomcd  roHoIvpd  to  s(  ttle  tlicre,  liavin;,'  lost  all  hopes  of 
receiving'  .'Uiy  tidings  of  de  la  Sale.  ^fr.  Cavclier  informed 
tlicui  of  liis  tra;,'ic;d  end  ;  lait  it  was  af;recd  amonf,'  tlieni 
to  say  nothin;,'  aliont  it  to  the  Indians,  who  had  been 
held  in   awe  liv  the  mere  name  of  tiie  deccnscd,  and  iVum 


^< 


i! 

' 

^ 

..<- 

■>'^ 

'  .Icmti-l,  .F(iiini:il,  p.  '-'M  ;  An.">t!i 
HJiiK.   1,1'    ('l('iTi|,    ii  ,   |i.  ;'"i1.     'liny 
|iiiKSf(l    Crniii   tlic   <'i'iii-  ti   tli.'    N;i 
lidtidiUlir,  tlic  .\ssfini!^,  or  Nii'sunis 
(O")  IcnL'iw.-*  1'.  X.  I"  I.  ulicrc. stiys  K. 
AnastnKiuK,  tlicy  »|irnt  tlii"  optnvc  of 
("(iriuis  ClnistK.Iuiic  fiK  .loutcl  Fiiys 
thi'V  left   .Tuiip  l:t,  nnd  went  N.  R, 
or  N.  N.  K.,  iK'ros^  I'onr  Inrirc  riviTs. 
with   till'  lliii|ui   liiiliiins  (III  till'  I'"., 
Nnliirl  (or  Niiliirii  and   XminHi  up 
jiiiri'iitly  on  tin'   \V.      On    tlu'   ',''.M 
tlii'V  lii'iinl    lit'  rill'   Kii)i]i!i».   wlinin 

C'ttvclier  n triii/i'il  ii.~  n  trilii'  iml 

by  Ills  liriitlicr  on  tlir  Mis><isslii|'i. 
(Joutcl.  )i.  OrO)  On  till'  '.':!il  tiny 
rcarlicil  tin'  ('nilnilarclnw  (I.i'('1iiti|, 
Ii.,  |i.  :!-1!h,  forty  Iriiirucs  from  Na-;- 
sonis  (ill.,  ]i,  \)i\(\),  whom  .Joiitrl  liicn- 
tions  (('uilo(lii(|uio)  ns  ono  of  four 
allies,  the  othrrs  hi'inif  the  Abisony, 
Nalsiilio-^,  and  NiitchitnH  (ji.  278  :  or, 
ai'i'iT  iiim-    ill    Anar.tiisiiis   (p,    li.'j'Jl, 


N'nti'lioo.<  (Niiti'hr/,  in  V.  an  .Nonl, 
v.,  )).  '.'."ill,  Niitihili»i,  niid  Oiiidii'hiH, 
t'li'  his'  iiaiiii'  proliiilily  nmri'  nir- 
riTt  than  A^^nny,  in  .loiitil.  'I'licn 
jnarrliini;  twintylivc  li'iiirni'S  K,  N. 
K.,  (hoy  rciirlicd,  on  the  (itli  .Inly, 
thi'  ('iihaynolioun,  or  Cnlmiiiilioim 
(till'  <'nliiniiiii  of  Aiiiistasiiisi.  At 
law,  |iriiri'rdin;;  sixty  loairms  fiir- 
lliir  K.  N.  K,,  ihi-y  cainc  to  tlio  (>:■ 
sotti'oo/,  or  Oisotclioui',  nil  Arkaii 
siis  tr'lji-.  and,  to  tlnir  iiitt'iihi'  Joy, 
iliscrird  a  cros.*!,  and  fi'll  on  their 
kiu'i's  to  thank 'Ood,  (.loiitol,  \>. 
\<]\  ',".IS-n  ;  Aiiastiisiu..<,  [,|.  Clorcii, 
ii.,  p.  •>oi').)  For  the  death  of  tlio 
.■>ii'ur  do  Mario,  ftv  Voyn^'os  nu 
Nonl,  v.,  ]),  'J.')!). 

•  This  (Into  KocinH  correct.  Coin 
pare  .loiitil,  pp.  207-8. 

'■'  Hoth  were  of  Koiien.  Joiitel, 
.loiiriud,  p,  2!is ;  Tonty,  Memoir, 
l^ouisiana  Historical  <'oll.,  p.  71, 


iiibTKUY  or  .m;\\   I  i:.\Nrt:. 


109 


wl mil  tliry  Htill  wiHhfd  to  dlituiii  iiroviHimis,  i-iiiioi'H,  ami  168--90, 
glliiliH.'  ■— 'r-^ 

Mr.  Cavi'lii  r  tlnii  ln'^'t,'iHl  Coutiiri*  lo  ^40  to  hoinc  at  tlir 
cliitt's,  iiiid  </\\r  tliiiii  to  iiii(U'l'Htuii(l '  that  di'  la  Sale  liail 
IciiulhI  ti  very  tine  Hottlenioiit  on  tlio  Ciiilf  i>f  .Mixint ;  that 
llitisc  who  Iinil  ju«t  ^'ivcii  hi:ii  this  wt'lcoino  iiili  IIi'i.tuci 
iiili  iitUd  to  |)i'occ((l  to  Canada  for  ^'oods ;  that  this 
would  snoii  return,  with  a  i^'irat  iiundM  r  of  Frrnciiiin  n.  to 
wtth'  in  their  country,  in  onlrr  to  defend  them  a;iaiiist 
their  ciieinies,  iiiid  all'ord  tlicin  ail  the  iunelits  i>f  re^^ular 
coninicrci"  ;  that,  in  order  to  n  at'li  the.  Illinois,  they  lioped 
to  obtain  from  them  the  sanio  aid  that  they  had  received 
from  all  the  nations  wlmm  they  had  met  mi  the  wny. 
Tho  Akansas  ashciiililed  to  delilicratc  t'li  these  |)rn|H)si- 
tions.  and  mranwhile  rcL'ali^d  their  new  i,'iiests  \\ith  the 
best  they  had,  and  smoked  the  calumet  with  them.  Tliey 
novertlielcsrt  liesitatt  d  to  turnisli  tin  in  euides  lur  so  Ioiilt 
tt  voyage  ;  but  promises  and  |)re.scnts  siicceeiled.  The 
yoini},'  I'arisiiin,  who  was  unable  to  walk  any  I'lirlher. 
remained  amoii^'  the  Akansas,  and  Couture,  for  a  time, 
ncconqiaiiied  tho  others,  Tlioy  set  out  the  "JTtii  ;  doceiided 
the  liver  of  ihe  Akansas;  and  the  same  day  reaciud  ;i 
village,  called  Torinian,  wliore,  for  the  first  time,  they  saw 
the  ^Micissipi.  The  crossed  it  on  the  "JUtli,  and  the  same 
day  reached  the  village  of  the  Kapjias,'  where  Couluio 
tool:  leave  of  them. 


'  .Imili  I,  .Idiiriiiil  lli>|(irii|iii',  |i|i. 
MiO-1.  !■".  Aiiai<iii>ius,  l.c  Clii'iij. 
ii.,  ii|).  Iloli-i. 

'  .loutil,   .louniiil    IIist(>i'ii|iif.    |i. 

;;iiii. 

■*  Jiiiitrl  siivs  ill  his  .Idiirniil,  lluit 
this  villii::(.  is  the  lust  iil'  llii'  Arkan- 
sas; l)ut  it  npiH'urs  frimi  (farcilnswi 
lie  la  Vi'ira's  Ilistorv  ol  tlic  ('(m(|iii'st 
of  Klnridii,  tlint  tin'  Kajiiuis,  in  the 
tiiuc  of  I'"i'nliiiiinil  ilc  Soto,  wire  ii 
B('])iii'at(' iiiid  viM'v  iiiiniii-diis  niitinn. 
Noni'  ninv  i-i  ni.Tin  :  lu  Iraf-t,  in  I.ou. 


i^iiuia.  ('idirhioij-.  ^if  .Idiiicl, 
.Iiiiirnal  llisti)ri(|iic,  pp.  ;!(ii)-:;i."). 
'I'lifv  ri'iulii'd  till'  Kappns  un  tlii> 
:!(llli.  (ill.)  Ah  the  ynajiaws  slill 
I'Xist,  it  is  not  I'lisy  to  sec  li  i\v  Cliar 
Icvoix  oviTlonkcd  thcni  in  lii<  time 
Tin  _v  now  alonr  rc]irrsi-nt  tin'  .\r 
kanstts  :  the  Toriinan,  To;rinf;a,  &(*,. 
having'  di.<appi'arc(l.  'I'lioy  liad 
lii'cn  on  the  Oliio  iliravicr.  .lonr- 
iial,  ]).  1(1),  and  wcri'  diiviii  down 
tlic  .Mist^issippi  \'\  till'  Illinois,  who 
lonp  rnllc  d  the  Oliio  tho  i-Imt  of  Mi.' 


f^ 
^ 


r 


i 


It 


L!* 


110 


i.i.;ioi;i  Ui.'  ^LA'  FUAM  !•:. 


ili; 


1687-yu.       On  tlie  iid  of  S<'](t(mil)or  tliey  entered  the  river  of  the 
'         Illinois,'  and  on  the  1  Ith'  rearhed  Fort  St.  Louis,  where 
TIkv  nacii  the  Sii'ur  de  Bellel'ontaine  lield  I'oniiiiaiid,  in  tin;  al)scnce 
I,  .lii-c'i  liio  of    till!   Clievaiier  de  Tonti,  who  had    ,^ono   to   join  the 
iiiaUc'iiiJ  Martinis  de' Denonville   in  the  war  against  thc^  Scuecas.' 
wiioiii'iiuv  livery  oni'  eagerly  asked  for  news  of  (ie  la  Sale,  and  thoy 
I'il'vr'tii-.t   I'l'pli'Hl    that   thi'y  liad   left   him   forty  leagues  Ironi  the 
^'smi'('  i' '   ^'"-'"i^-     'i"I"T  t^ii^  not  deem  it  well   to  be  more  exi)licit, 
full  (4  hu'.  .^^  they  wished  to  j)roeeed  to  Canada  as  soon  as  possililc  ; 
needed  assihtanco  to  make  that  journey,  rendered  dilH- 
cult  and  dangerous,  since  war  had  been  declared  against 
the  lrot|Uwis  ;  and  feared  liuit  this  ;issisiance  would  lie  re- 
fused, if  iiifi.vii.aliou  were  given  of  de  la  Sale's  death. 
Tiiivnio        Jlaji) lily  for  them,  tlu'  Sieur  d(^   IJoisrondet,  his  agent, 
«iiri"iiiii    was   ]n'e])aring  for   that   voyage;   and    the  meeting  was 
equally  agr< calile  to  both.     They  endiarked  on  the  18th, 
but  they  did  not  go  far;  bad  weather  eom])ellod  them  to 
return   to  the   tort,  fi'om  which    they  had  started.     This 
accident  disconcerted  them  all   the  more,  as  it  deprived 
them  of   all  hope  of   passing   over  to  Franco  that  year, 
and   sending  assistr'nce  to   such  of    their  ]ieoi)le  as  had 
remained  at  tlie  sell  lenient  of  St.  Louis,  near  St.  Lernard's 
Bay;  but  they  had  to  be  ])atient.' 

On  the  *27th  of  Octobt'r,  Mr.  de  Tonti  arrived  at  Fort 
St.  JiOuis."     .>[r.  Cavelier  deemed  it  necessarv  not  to  be 


Akaiisus.    or    AlkansuH.     illi.  ;   com-         '•'  Ji)Utcl.    ji.    ;!>'ll,    savs    prooisi'ly 

pure  l!i'uiic|.iii,  Viiy.  au  Xiinl.  v.,  p.  Suinlny,  Si'pl.   II. 'J   ]'.  .M.  :  Annstii- 

'i')'!.)     'I'his  iiu'n-is  Willi   li('ikr\,cl  ^■^ls,  in   l,c  t'lrrci|,  ii.,  :j(i7  ;  llunno 

d'f.  iiiiii  iclciuitics  his  'ralliu-'wi.  or  \>'m.  Viiv.  uii  Xnr,!,  v.,  |i.  '.'.i:^. 
Alk'ui'wi,  nl'ih''  l)^'ln\vnl•c■^,  willi  llu:         •  Tiiiily,  Mciiioii-,  in  .Mai'trrv,  Kelii- 

Avkaiisii:-.     ! Ili'i'ki-wi'lcic!,    An.'i.unt  linn-;,  iVi'.  ;    l,(lui^ialla  II.  I'.,  i..  |i;i. 

of  tli.r    liulian   XH!inii-i.  |i|i.  'Jll-;!!).)  (i!l-70, 

'I'lie  nanii',  wlicihi  r  Ak:.iisas,  Alkim-        "  Joutrl.  Juurnal   lIistorii|iu\  \t\< 

sas,   Arkansas,  Allrnvwi.  or    'I'nlli'-  liol-."). 

gowl,    is   i'vi(lcntl\    the    AI,ffoni|iiiii         '  ■rouU'l,    .loiirnal     Historiiiiu'.    \i. 

name  for  tln'  nation,  ir't  llicirmvn.  lilH:  'loiily.  Memoir,  in  MarLTiy.  and 

'  .Toutcl.    .lonnial    Ili^   oriijiii',   ji.  in  I..  II.  Coll..  i,  p.  70.     His  nniiioir, 

o'.'il.     '•'.  .\nas!asius  i  he  i  'lorri|,  ii.,  |i.  as  -ivrn  in  \"o_v.  an  Xord.  v.,  y.  l.")0, 

;jl!(ii  sa.\s  the  ."itli,  an  l  inakrs  a  loii_'  niaki's  hini  iTlnrii  to  his  I'ort  at   tin' 

.ittucli  on  Miuiiiiiiic  .Tnil  .loii.  1  end  nl'  Ma\-, 


i 


il^>r.JliV   UK  .NKW    ll'A.NCK 


111 


; 


f 


more  frank  witli  liiiii  tliiiii  lie  had  Imtd  witli  tlic  otlior- 


ill    l68;--(;o. 


rogavd  to  il(>  I;i  Sale's  dcalli  ;  aiui,  as  lie  liad  taken  t]i.>    ^■. — ' 


l)re('anti(in  to  (jl)tain  from  his  brother,  1 


)t'iore  Ills  I 


leal  I 


h'lt 


•r  of  cri'ilil,  to  rc'C(  ivc  in  tlio  Illii 


lois  a  sum  oi  nionov, 


0  him 


or  its  vahio  in  ])i>ltrios,  Tunli  did  not  insitati^  to  luiv 
goods  to  the  vahn^  of  four  tiiousaud  francs.  Our  travel- 
ers, a;  hast,  left  llie  Illinois  on  the  '21st  of  Mareli,  IfISS, 
witli  iioisrondet,  and  Faliier  Allouez.'  who,  iinding  no 
oiieiiiiig  lo  ]ilant  a  ]iermanent  mi.-sion  among  those  In- 
dians, wa.s  ix'turning  to  St.  Jose]>li's  Uiver,  where  h,o  died 
soon  after,  among  the  3Iiamis.- 

On  the  lOtli  of  3[ay  they  arrived  at  ^riehillimaddna-,' 
where  tliey  made  l)ut  u  sliort  stay;  and,  on  the  14th  of 
duly,  Mr.  Cavelier  landed  at  IMontreal,  where  his  [lartv, 
wiiom  lie  had  left  at  Laeliine,  jouied  him  on  tl'e  ITtli.' 
Tlierc  they  met  Messrs.  dc  Deiionville  and  do  C'liami)i;.;ny, 
wlioiu  they  informed  that  they  were  obliged  to  ])ass  over 
to  Franco  as  soon  as  possil)k.,  ju  order  to  send  aid  to  Mr. 
lie  la  Sale,  and  those  gentlemen  believed  them  on  tiieir 
word.  A  ii'w  days  after,  Teissier,  who  was  a  Calvinist, 
made  Ids  alijnraiion  in  the  parish  church  of  :\[oni!va]; 
all  tJieii  end  larked  for  (,)uebec.-  Tliero  they  did  not  long 
await  a  vessel ;  they  lauded  at  la  Kochello  on  the  otii  of 
October,  and  on  the  7tli,  Messrs.  Ca.velier  and  Joutid  set 
<mt  lor  liouen,''  where  I  saw  and  couversi'd  at  h  nvlh  witli 
this  latter,  in  172;]. 


Tlh'V  jvim 
OVIT 

to  riMiicc, 


I 


SI 


m 


K 
I' 


'  J.mtt).  J.,iirnal   ni.^toriquo,   pp.  .April  (!,  1(;s8,;uh1  tlicir  cn,ir..nlnirnl 

"•■■'-•■•"''*•  cfLft  SnIli'V(ic;it!i. 

•For   l,a   Snllr's   llo^lilit\■  to   Al-         '  .Foutri.  .Iniininl   lli-.i(,n.|U^'.  j.p. 

idno!!,  ».■,■  i.'ucr  (•:' l.ii  Salli',  ill  if;so.  :;."i;M;a. 

(Tliomastiv.  (i;'.)l<c.-io  l'r:uif|UO  do  la         -  Tlirv   r.'ac!,.'.!    Ciui'lKc,  .]v.]y  'T 

L.msi.ims    pp.     l!);)--;(ll.)      AWonv?.  L,.    t'N  irq.   ii.,    ■.,■,:■    Il,.ni„riM  'in 

.hoaatlMirtSt.  .I..MM.I1  ill  109O.    II,.  V.,v.  ;r,i  Xiu-d.    v..   p.  -Jlil,  or  •J'Jtli 

had  ronio  to  Canivia  in   1 ':.>•,  .^nd  .lo„t,.l    ,pp.    :!(;i!-i),.    ..mlwrUrd  for 

aa^r  la'. ring  at  Tinv  liivcivs  nii.l  FraiKv,  .\iiuust  'M-\.     ,11,.) 
Mont:    d,   wont   wosr.  in   Klii.-,.  and         •  ,1,  „;,.]  ,,,,,.  ]„.  roacli.^d  Rorli.-llo, 

cniiiiniird  ill  that  fioldlill  liir^dealli.  i-aliirday.  (V'^olxr  !).   li'.s^^;    and    a 

■^.Ii'Utrl,    Journal    llistoriiiii.'.    p.  nuMiioir  of  M.  Plot,  our  ol  tho  lirirs 

;?.■)•).     La  l.ontan  ii..p.  IMlmcnti  m^  ,,f  Ln  Snilo,  sav.s  tho  same  c'  <av 

lliKir    Kvrival    „.     Fort    St.    Jo8,.|.!i,  lior.  wlio   roacijod  riicbor,  ,ln!v  ■.; 


MM 

1 


m 


1 1 :» 


I  \^^  a 


'H   •> 


I*;* 


Mt' 


■'.(    '«■,! 


112 


lliSiuUV    UK  NKW    1  KANlK. 


\Vll:ll  liC- 
Cillilrof  till 

PClllclllcUI 
'.f.Sl.l.Mlis, 


1687-90.  Ill  all  piubtibility,  hfid  these  gentlomen  not  boon  obli.ijrd 
^-^r^^'  to  winter  among  tlio  Illinois,  but  reached  Franco  .a  year 
sooner,  nietisures  might  have  been  taken  to  relieve  1  r 
withdraw  the  little  colony  left  by  Mr.  do  la  Sale  at  8(. 
Louis,  among  the  C'lameoets ;  but  when  they  reached 
Paris,  they  I'elt  that  it  was  too  late  to  think  of  it;  and, 
had  they  thought  of  it  sooner,  it  would  have  been  boot- 
h'ss.  T1h>  C'l.'imeoets  were  not  long  in  learning  the  deatli 
of  the  leader  of  the  French,  and  ihf  dispersion  of  his 
party  ;  and,  at  a  lime,  when  the  settlers  at  St.  Louis  lea^-t 
suspected  it,  they  fell  u]ion  and  massiicred  them  all,  fx- 
ci'pt  the  three  sons  of  Talon,  their  sister,  and  a  Parisian, 
<if  good  family,  Eustace  de  Breman,  wiiom  tlioy  carrieil 
olV  to  th<>ir  village.' 

An  Italian,  who  had  traveled  IVom  C'an,;da,  by  land,  io 
join  de  la  Sd",  and  who  undoubtedly  would  have  been  of 
great  service  to  him,  by  iidorming  him  of  (he  rout(^  he 
should  take  to  r.'ach  th(>  Micissipi,  had  Ik;  reached  that 
huider  in  season,  also  saved  his  life  by  quite  a  curicnis 
stratagem  :  As  some  Indians  Mcn;  prejiaring  to  kill  him, 
h'.>  told  lliem  that  they  would  do  a  great  wrong  to  kill  a 
man  v,]io  l)or(!  tliem  all  in  his  hearl.  These  v.^ords 
astonishi.'d  llio  savages,  and  tlie  ilalian  assured  them 
tli;il,  il  ihcy  wonld  give  him  till  next  tlay,  he  would  i!Oii- 
viiice  IIh'ui  of  the  truth  of  his  iissertion ;  adding,  that,  if 
l!(^  deceived  them,  they  miL'ht  do  with  him  as  they  chose. 
Wilhdul  any  dilliculty  he  obtained  the  ilehiy  he  sought; 
•i!id.  bavin;:  adjusted  a  little  mii'ror  on  iiis  breast,  he  went 


f.n.l  Ici'i  it,  Aujr.  ;iO.    (Plct,  .Mciiioiro        '  JnuTroijaiioiis  tiiiu'.^  i\   I'icviv  ft 
j'.Hii'  Irs  '.■uliuits  I'l  licriliri's  tin  siiui'    Jean  Talim,  piirorilri'  dv  M.  Ic  Couui' 


I'.  1''lit.  Ms.,     Cavrl-iT  kc]il   up  I'i-; 
Ci'iiii'i'.iiiu'ut   of    till     ^■:ll^•'s    (i''aiii. 

(  Ili'lliiMVilli',    in     .\.     ^  .  e'n!.    t)nC..   ix.. 

\\  AV.'i  I  J'A-cn  ill  rfiiiu'i',  lie  cuit 
(M'lili'il  it  from  tlic  I'aiuiiv  and  civiiii 
iirs  of  l,ii  Salle  for  two  vears,  ami 
rvliiiiij;'  to  Koiicn,  to  tiio  house  of 


ill'  !'oiilcliarti'ain,  a  lour  arrivro  di; 
Vera  Cruz,  1  \  Si'|it.,  Kills.  .\!s..  An. 
■"i  ;  H;,i.'i:i.  Ijisiivo  ('roiioloL;ieo  |iani 
!u  hisloria  li''  la  l''loriila,  p.  '.'It")  ; 
Moi'li,  Meiiiorias  jmra  la  liistoria  de 
'I'rxas,  M;s.,  Lib.  :i,  ),.  11  As  nl- 
v:u]\-    remarked,    In    identifies   the 


Mndiine'    Fortiii,    n    Cavelicr,  died     Clamiwts  witli  t!ie  (.'ar.;iiea;;uace.s. 
there.  iV.ir,.) 


lllSli)l;V    OK   NKW    |.-|vAN('K. 


113 


I'.vciitiirps 

uf   SOIIU' 

I'rciicliiiii'ii 


to  t!ii>  Indians,  wiio  wore  lanoli  surin'iseil  to  spc  tlioiu-  1687-90. 
si.'lves,  jis  they  supposed,  iu  the  heart  of  this  iiuui,  and  -^-^f-"^ 
tlicy  spared  his  life.' 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Sjianiards  of  New  Mi'xieo,  vaiious 
greatly  alarmed  by  do  la  Sale's  exjieditioii,  resolved  to  '('.t'snim 
leave  uothiiij;-  undone  to  defeat  it.  Tliey,  at  iirst,  sent 
five  hundred  men,  wlio,  on  arrivinj^  anion--  the  Ceiiis, 
found  Lareheveipie  and  the  Itoehelle  sailor,  (Imllet,  wiiom 
they  took  prisoners."  It  is  not  known  whether  these  two 
men  told  t'.ieni  ol'  de  la  Sale's  death;'  but  it  is  eertain  tiiat 
some  limo  after,  anotlier  party,  of  two  hundred  Spaniards, 
arrived  at  the  same  jilaee,  nieetinj,',  on  tiie  way,  ^[I'lnier, 
and  Peter  Talon,  bi'olhcr  of  tliose  just  nu'ntioncd,  and 
took  them  to  the  Cenis  villa.^-e,  wli('i-(>  thev  were;  toh'rablv 


'1  • 

(4 


1 


9 


'  'i'lii.i    story    Iiki'is    ;i]'iicryiilml.  Li'oii,   nf     tlic    liisrov.Tv  of    tlip-'' 

ami  is,  I  tliinh.  older.  Frciiclimcii.  who  attested  I.a  Snlle'.s 

■  Accordiim     to    liiirci.'i.    EiiBityo  alii|i\vreck   mid   ruin.     Dim  Aloii/.u 

Croiiologifo   ])nra   In  Hi.-.|cirin  de  hi  do  Leon,  (ioveriior  of  (.'oaluiilii,  wh-; 

l-'lorida,  ]i.  ','-^7,   Itapliael   lluitz.  iui  tiien   sent   (Ilaivia,  'iST-S);    an!,  in 

l-;n<,''iislnnan.  and  a  prisoner  at  lla-  January,    liif-O,  set    out   fVoni   Coa- 

vaiia,  in  lOSS,  assured  tlie  (ioviinor  hiiila,  accomi'anii'd    Ijy   Katlier   Oa- 

that  the  Kreiieli  liad  iinuh'  a  set  ;le-  iiiian,    says    jMorIi     \\   5-1)    ri'aelied 

iiient  on  tlie  (iiilf  of  Mixico,  uhii  h  F(jrt  St.  l.oiiis,  Ajirii   -Vt.  and  lound 

li(^  liad  visited,  aud  descrilie.l.     On  threo  dead  lioiIi,\s  ainnn^- the  niin-i 

this,  a  fri.irati!  was  sent  to  Vera  Cruz,  (Carta,  in  Smilli,  Cole,      ,n  de  Docu 

to   inform    tlie   Viceroy,  ilie  Count  nientos,  \i.  'iXi  \    I5ar.',;:.  |ip.  iJ'.ll-.-n. 

(k'  .Moni'Iova.     Alter  examining  tlie  They    learneil    that    the    iiiasMK  r  • 

iiKiii,  he.sent  Pmiii  Andrcrfde  l'(  s  ill  a  took     place    tlirec    ueiiths    h.-fore, 

lri;r.'ite  aiidai!  IS-oared  l.'iiicca  lo  ex-  afler   tin'   Frenidi   lost  one  luindieil 

plore.     Tliey  leit  Vera  Cruz,  Mareli  l,y  siiiall -pox.  tCarta,  .^Iay  is.  \\'\\\K) 

•,'■),  IfiSS,  and  soon  readied  .Mobile  ;  .lames   (irollet,  and    .lolm    Larche- 

IiereHiefriL'ntewassafelylaidup.and  vimur'.  df  Bordeaux,  two  of  livc>  who 

I  lie  f  ■! urea,  with  twenty-livemen  and  wer.'  aiiioncr  the  Indians,  srave  them- 

ilie  iMiulishmr.n.  coasted  aloiii;-  .■  e;  selves  up  (Hi.,  •,",).■)),  ar.ii  were  taken 

days,  till  they  reiudicd  tlie  I'alieada,  to  Spain,  when'  it  was    decided   to 

or  .Mississippi,  and  seem  to  have  run  fortily   Peiisacola.      Then,  in   I(!!)'^ 

up  thirty  li'agues.   liiidiuj,'  iio'lunji',  I'cs,  v.'itli  Crollet  and   l.archev  (|ue, 

the  Knirlishman   was  iiut    in  irons,  explored   the  coast   I'r.ini   Ti  n.-:iio!a 

but  suli.<equently  tried  iiK  a  pirate,  to     tlu'     Missi.~-iippi,     wliicli      tiiev 

niid  Hi'ut  to  the  galleys,     liarcia  re-  leached     May    .">,       Harcia.     Ihi-avo 

fcrs  to  the  description  made  hy  John  ('roiiolocric.  i,   p,  .'ia;  ;    .-ee  l>i:;covirv 

Henry   I'.arrnto,   the   pilot.     On   the  of  llu'   .Missi>si;'pi.  p.  Ol >.     Chari,' 

ISih  of   Se]itc>mher,  .Mcjiiclova.  and  voix  follows  Ta!i  ii, 
t'ount  (I'alves,  who  liaci  come  tore-         "•  It     is   evide;,;,   from  'I'aion  and 

I'lace  him.  were  informed,  from  Now  liarcia,  thai  ihey  <.\'A. 
Vol,.  1V,-1.V 


Ik 
I 


J4i 


fill 


:i 


I 


*\ 

III 


114 


IIISTOHY   OF   NKW   I'liANCK. 


Si 


fi' 


I 


fi  ''■'' 


1 


if)j!7-go.  wi'11  trciit.'il.  Willi  llio  fnir(>  wore  soiiio  Fraiicisofiii  IViiirs, 
•-"'^ —  who  wislioil  to  sctllo  amoi]^  tlicsp  Indians.  Sfciu;^; 
that  tho  two  Frenohracn,  who  nndovstooci  tho  hiuj,'uaj.'o 
of  tlio  conntrv,  niifj;ht  be  of  great  assistance  to  these  new 
niissionaiies,  lliey  tlionght  it  a  ilutv  to  imlnce  (lion,  by 
iniklness,  to  remain  with  those  Fathers.' 

This  kind  treatment  induced  Tah)n  to  tell  them  that  his 
tlireo  bvotliers  md  a  sister  were  slaves  among  tho  Chim- 
eoets  ;  and  a  detachment  was  at  once  sent  olV  for  them, 
lait  the  detachment  could  only  bring  the  two  Talons, 
their  sister,  and  tho  Italian — the  Clamcocts,  who  had  tid<en 
a  liking  for  them,  being  very  loth  to  give  them  up.  Tlie 
next  3'ear,  two  hundred  and  fifty  Spaniards  returned  to 
the  same  village,  and  drew  from  it  John  l>a])tist  Talon 
and  Eustace  de  Ureman  ;  and,  at  first,  led  tliem  io  St. 
Lcniis  de  Potosi,  a  city  in  Ni'w  Mexico,  and  thence  to 
'^^<•xico,  with  tli(^  two  othei'  Talons  and  their  sister  ;  and 
t;ie  Vieevoy  took  them  all  into  his  service." 

LarehevH]ue  and  (Irollet  had,  at  lirst,  been  sent  to 
S]iain,  where  they  were  compelh^l  to  re-endjark  for  Mexico 
some  time  after.  There,  they  were  ])ut  into  prison,  await- 
ing an  ;)eeasion  to  sen  1  them  to  Xew  iMexico,  a])parcntly 
to  work  in  the  mines.  Tlie  Italian  was  traus]iorted  to 
Vera  Cruz,  where  he  was  eonlint^d  in  prison  ;  and  it  is 
very  probal)le  that  he,  too,  left  :  only  to  be  sent  to  the 
mines.  AY(>  are  not  informed  what  became  of  Eustace 
de  Breman.  He  was,  ])crhaps  on  account  oi  iiis  youth, 
treated  iike  the  Talons  ;  for  it  is  supposed  that  the  reason 
why  these  were  betti^r  treated  llian  the  rest  was,  that  they 


i    i 


' 'rnloii.  liitciTOLi'iitidnH.Ms.  Hiuviii  rcc(..-crc(l  lln' Tiiliiii^.    Ijcdii  iiicri'ly 

<locs  nut  mention  tlhis  socond  cxijc-  luiuvl  i if  other  Frenclinien  Ijpj-ond 

(lit  ion,  (ir  tlie'l'iilons  ;  but  Mmli  siijs  i  lie  'IVnus.    Siiiilli,  Colcciioii,  |i.  u'd. 
timt    Ddiirimo   'I'ifiiu    lir    los   liios,  'rnloii,     IntiTrogations,    .Art.    ."i 

tiovcnmr  (,r  Cnnlniihi,  set  out   tVnni  IliervilleV  note,  diitcil  KOI,  s.iys  tlial 

Moiielovii.  Miiy  l(i,  lli'.U,  witli  tit'teen  all  tlu' siirviviiin'  Freiirh  were  res 

r.  liirioiis.  iinil  ten  soldiers  ;  l)iit   tlie  iMied  I'min  tlie  Indiiuis  liy  Don  I'V.'in 

soldiers,  rmdincr  winter  too  severe.  I'iseo  IM.'irtine.  wlio  cotnniniideil  tin; 

insisli'd    on    returning.     'I'l'.is  imrty  liisi   t\v<i  imrlies. 


msioiiv  oi-'  m:\v  I'-hanck. 


llf) 


were  of  an  tigo  wlicu  tlicv  could  not  liiivc  acquired  any  i6S7-<;o. 
knowledge  ol   the  country,  wlule  the   others  were    men  — ^, —• 
grown,  who  might  e.se;i|)e,  and  give  inteIHgence  in  Franco 
of  wliat  tliey  liad  observed  in  tlieir  various  journi'ys. 

At  tile  end  of  eigiit  years,  tlie  lliree  eldest  of  the 
Talons,  being  of  an  agn  to  liear  arms,  wore  enrolled  in 
tlic  Armadilla,  and  shii)])ed  on  the  Christo,  which  was  the 
N'ice-Admiral.  This  shi[)  was  taken  in  Ki'Jii  by  the  Chev- 
alier des  Augiers;  and  the  three  brothers,  having  thus 
recovered  their  liljerty,  rtiturned  ij  France  ;  and  it  was 
from  them  that  all  the  circumstances,  just  related,  wvnt 
hjarucd.  It  was,  subsequently,  ascertained,  that  tla; 
N'iceroy  of  Mexico,  who  had  retained  near  himself  their 
youngest  brother  and  ilieir  sister,  having  been  relieved, 
took  them  both  to  ^jjaiu  with  him.' 

Such  was  the  disastrous  result  of  au  enterprise,  which 
many  circumstances  contributed  to  defeat.  It  would, 
a[)|iiirently,  have  had,  at  least,  a  portion  of  the  succt'ss 
expected  from  it,  had  there  been  in  view  only  a  settlement 
at  tiie  uiouth  of  tho  Micissipi,  as  many  people  were  per- 
suadrd;  for  it  is  certain  that  de  la  Sale,  seeing  himself 
cast  ashore  in  St.  Bernard's  IJay,  and  ere  long  convinced 
that  he  was  west  of  the  river  he  sought,  might- -had  he 
iio  design  but  [o  find  it — at  the  time  of  his  tirst  j(juni('y  to 
the  Cenis,  have  obtained  guides  from  those  Indians,  since, 
in  the  sequel,  they  gave  guides  to  Joutel ;  but  he  was 
desirous  of  approaciung  the  Spaniards,  to  obtain  inforina- 
li(ni  in  regartl  to  tiie  mines  of  Sanl.i  Barbara;  and,  in 
-endeavoring  to  do  too  much,  he  not  only  did  nothing  at 
all,  but  ruined  himself,  and  was  lamented  by  none.' 


What  (Ir 

Icalrd 

:\  Sali^'.st!ii 

t('i|iris(.'. 


1 


■H 


i-^i 


■II 


■  Taloa.  liiiri'nijratinn:-.  M>.  liiin  U)  liavo  In  en.  a^  an  (xplnrrr,  of 

■  'I'liis  iiii-a  ol' iharlrvdix  is  nji-  Uic  iniuns!  iiicaiiacitv.  lii  (Ivxi-ml- 
lii'ld  by  llciiiii-'piii,  in  liif  Nnuvclli'  iiitr  'lit'  Missi>si|i|.i,  lio  iiM-nlv  tdl- 
Dccouvi'i'tc;  but,  in  l.ii  Salle's  actual  lnwrd  \hv  ciiir'riu  a  shurt  distanct: 
I'Dsition,  sei'ins  wild,  iia  he  liail  mi  lievoiid  Mar(|ih'tte  and  .luliei's  limit, 
force  lij  co]ie  with  the  I'celjlesl  I,efi  lo  his  own  i-esoiirces,  lie  showed 
Spanish  setthnncui.  In  fact.  Iiis  no  enerj^y,  skill,  or  judgment.  After 
course,  after   hi.s   shipwrecli,  shows  discovering'    the   fVni.-.    lie    should 


ri 


'n 


y 


^  » 


■M 


I' 


I  '    rl 


,   ^^      j 

Hi: :  f 

r    I' 


IIG 


IIISTOUV   <.)1''  MiW   I'UANCE. 


i687-(yo.        Wlini  it  wiis  soon  what  dofoutcMl  his  onterpriso,  iiotlilii^ 

— . — ■  was  (>asii>r  than  to  prolit   l)y  liis  faults  to  carry  ont  tlxi 

liiiiritiori'i  icallv  solid  pari  of  his  i)roieft  :  liiat  is  to  say,  to  socuro 

(HI  Mr.  '-  ... 

(If  III  siiuv  (li(>  whole  course^  of  the  Mioissipi  ;  us  it  was  of  very  ttroat 

iniulllcl.      .  '  "     " 

iiiiixirtaiici'  tor  us  to  liavo  a  scltU'inciit  in  that  part  of 
Florida,  wcro  it  only  to  ^ivo  us  a  crnisiiij,'  statiou  in  tho 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  to  strcui^'tlion  tli.'  iVonticra  of  Now 
F^'ancc  in  tlH>  direction  of  the  Ji]ii<,disli  colonies.  It  was 
even  as  nnich  to  the  interest  of  tlaj  Spaniards  as  of  our- 
selves to  put  tins  ])arrier  beyond  iiisul(,as  they  niif^hl  well 
li.i\c'  foi'',!^  ".  n  that  the  English,  masters  of  one  part  of 
ancient  J''rei:ch  Florida,  to  which  they  had  given  tho  name 
of  Carolina,  would  not  halt  there;  but,  step  by  step, 
woidd  p;idi  (heir  settlements  down  to  St.  Augusthie,  as  has 
I'li'.ily  hapj  "IK  d  by  tin;  settlement  of  New  Georgia;  that 
Ihencc!  Id  iiH'  Aricissipi,  nothing  could  long  stop  them  ; 
that  it  would  then  be  easy  for  them  to  cross  that  great 
rivei',  and  give  them  nuich  trouV'e  in  Old  and  New  Mexico  : 
when  as,  if  tluy  found  the  French  on  the  banks  of  the 
Jlicissipi,  the  jealousy  of  these  two  nations,  naturally 
incomj'atiiile,  '.vould  insure  their  safety. 

But  men's  minds  in  France  were  still  so  preoccupied 
with  the  mines  of  Santa  J3arbara,  that  they  long  obstinately 
clung  to  the  desh'o  of  realizing  la  Sale's  chimera.  They 
even  liaiiered  themselves,  soon  after  his  death,  that  they 
had  succeeded  by  an  intrigne,  set  on  foot  with  the  Count 
do  Pinalossa.  This  resource  faiUng — a])parenlly  l)ecauso 
the  Count  raised  his  pretensions  too  high,  and  because 
there  was  no  security  on  cither  side — the  charm,  it  seems, 
vanislied.     Philip  V.  had  ascended  the  Spanish  throne,  so 


liiivc  sent  Hoiii''  on,  to  liiid  the  MU-  i)i'oili,iriously  ovcrmtiil  :  luid  tlint  lo 

sissiplii,  iis  tlicy  would  I'iiriily  have  iictiuil     in(.'n|iu'ity,   nil    Ids    inisfor- 

iloni',  iind  tlioii    brought  uii  all  liiw  tuurs  .iru   |roM,>ily   to  bo  nscrib<'d. 

men   from  iMivt  St.  Louis;  but  it  is  IIo    Wiu .   do;llltIl•^s.   :i     ]iri-suusive 


i'vidriit    that    111'  scut   out    no   cs-     iind  id!iiriu^- tal 


■ttini'  forth 


;ilorir.-,  only  went  on,  in  a  sorl  ol  his  jiiojrcts,  tbMnj;Ii  vt\i  r\y  iiicapa 
:  iMud  horoic  way,  wiih  no  fixed  bio  n/  inii'yiir.r  omi  v\.  n  ilii-  bini 
[iur|io,.-i'.     To  mo,  ho  srcins  a    man     i^h ■<; 


1IIST0I5V    (»!•■    NHW    KUANCK. 


11^ 


thill  the  court  of  Franco  would  not  have  pcriiiittod  the  S|  mii-  i  (^^ ;  ■)o. 
i.mis  in  America  to  bo  nioh;st<ul ;  but,  after  the  death  of  """v—- 
Louis  XIV.,  the  phin  iirojiosed  in  the  Council  of  the  ile- 
^eiicy,  namely,  to  plant  a  strong  colony  in  Louisiana, 
t'liabled  some  adventurers  to  ])r(jtit  by  the  disagree- 
ments that  ensued  bei-'reen  the  courts  of  France;  and 
Hpain,  and  revive  the  project  of  the  Sicur  do  la  Sale.  On 
the  faith  of  some  apocryi)hal  relations,'  they  indulged 
the  hope  of  soon  pouring  into  the  kingdom,  treasures 
which  never  exi.sted,  except  in  tiie  heated  imaginations  of 
some  men  ;  ■  I  this  new  enchantment  ])roduced  still  more 
di'plorablo  results'  than  those  we  have  just  seen.  We 
shall  have  occasion  to  speak  of  them  in  the  course  of  this 
history,  of  nhich  it  is  time  we  resumed  the  tiiread. 

'  .Mludinir,  iii'iinnutly,  to  Sngcan.  •'  'I'his,  ot'coiiiVL-,  iiUiiJis  to  l.ftw's 

Sft;  Kxiniit  elc  In  IJi.'lii'.iun  des  Avnn-  Minsissiiipi  ]ii-ojc('t. 

turos  rt  Voviipcs  (ii' Miitliicu  Siip'aii,  IJcs'ulcij    tlio    ri'l'mMici's     iilrrudy 

New  '\'iirk.   I>*1).  |iriiilc(l  in  an  iib  nivcii,  tlio  ri'uder  iiiiiv,  iii  rrl:itiiiii 

riilu'iid  I'oriu  ill  till' .MiTcuriMiiilaiit,  to  Uiitrl,  thi'  ^ail(l^,  ami    liis   mhi, 

NovimbiT,  ITU.     Ilisidrical  .\laga-  si'-' i'.vb..u.  i'.  l'.'"). 
■/.iiii'  iv.,  1"J8  ;  X.,  (ip.  (il-"). 


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1\  the  position  ill  wliicli  tlic  Coniit  do  l'"roiitt'iuu'  found  i6<;o. 
the  allairs  nf  Now  Fmiico  on  liis  n'suiiij)tion  of  tlio  (icii-  -^  r"^ 
vral  (iiivciiiiii.iil,  we  hiivo  socii,  ;\l  the  close  of  Book  XTI, 
how  iin|iortiiiit  it  whs  to  ;,'ive  tho  Kii.ulisli  omploymout  at 
liomc,  and  ivstoio  the  vopntalioii  of  tlic  I'rcm-li  anus  in  tho 
minds  of  thi>  ludiaiis.  It  was  tho  solo  moans  <if  hunililiiif,' 
tho  insolence  of  the  Iroquois,  and  niakin;^'  them  nioro 
tractable,  by  showiufj;  thoin  that  tlioy  must  not  rely  so 
much  ou  tho  assistance  of  tlie  CJovcrnor  of  New  York. 
In  this  way,  our  allies,  seeing  us  chanf<o  au  ill-managed 
defensive  to  a  vigorous  otlensive,  could  not  but  resume 
their  former  sentiments  of  esteem  for  our  nation  ;  or,  at 
least,  ajiprehend  that  their  new  alliance  with  our  enemies 
would  entail  ui)on  them,  at  our  hands,  the  very  wo(>s  that 
they  sought  to  avoid  by  abandoning  our  interest,  and  t'\u3 
bind  them  to  us  more  closely  than  ever. 

'i'ho  Count  do  Frontenae,  having  formed  his  plan  ou  this  Fiomcnac's 
principle,  began  hy  notifying  de  la  Durantaye,  who  still  com-  ,„',;'i7,r'p,. 
niaiided  at  Michillimakinao,  that  he  could  assure  the  Hu-     '•■"'"'"'• 
r(  ms  and  Ottawas  that  they  should  shortly  see  a  great  change 
in  affairs.   He  was,  at  the  same  time,  preparing  a  large  con- 
voy to  roinfoi'co  that  post,  and  taking  steps  to  raise  three 
corps,'  \,liieli  were  to  enter  tlu'  Enghsh  territory  by  three 
diO'erent  routes.     The  lii-st  was  formed  at  Montreal,  and 
was   to   be    composed    of    ontt    hundred   and   ten   men," 
French  and  Indians,  commanded  by  Lieutenants  d'Aille- 


'  Canndn  Doc.  I!.,  v.,  p.  yi.  Iroquois,   sixtwn    AlijrniuniiiH,   tlio 

■■'  Di!    Monscignat,    Uflatioii,  &c.,  rest   French  ;    and  Lo  C'lcrcq,  Kliib- 

ICSO-OO.   N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  40('>.  lisscmont  di-  la  Koi,   ii.,  pp.  ;iS7-8, 

says  two  hundred   and  ton,  eighty  also  savs  two  hundred  and  ten. 
Vol..  IV.— 10. 


.      |,|    fill 


< 


").'  ' 


f:! 


i\ 


I'll 


I 


ri'i 


lf>l)0. 


Expedition 

asaiiiBt 

Sc'iic- 

niK'tndy. 


iiisToiiv  III'"  m:\\   I'UANn.' 

Iidiit  (!<'  Mimli  I  '  mill  Ir  Mux  ik-  dc  Siiinlf  Hclciit>,  uiidi  i 
wlioiii  I\rcsHis.  (!('  1I(  |uiili;.'ii_\ ,'  (rilicivillc,  (Ic  IJ'mrcpoH,  do 
1ft  IJrosso,  mid  d«'  ^l()iiti(,'iii,  dcsin-d  ti)  Hcrvi*  iis  voluntoiTH. 

Tliis  ])nily  wuh  soon  ready,  and  took  tin)  lidd'  hcforo  it 
lii\il  dclilx  rati'd  in  Avliicb  dirfction  to  turn  its  iirni.s.  Jt 
was  iidcndofl,  ^'cnomlly,  for  Now  York  ;  bnt  tlm  (-'oiint  do 
I'roiitt'niic  had  left  to  the  two  coniiniindftntH  the  choice  r)f 
tin!  ])Ost  which  tlicy  wcri'  to  attack,  and  tliry  deemed  i( 
(idvisablo  to  announce  notiiin^,'  till  they  had  nearly  entered 
the  enemy's  (eriitory.  It  was,  aeeoi'din^dy,  only  after  four 
or  live  days'  march  thai  they  lield  a  council  as  to  what 
was  to  ho  done  :  tho  French  inclimd  to  luarch  straij,dit  on 
Orani,'e  (Alhany),  hut  the  Indians  rejected  the  jiroposal 
totally,  aud  cue  of  them  asked,  shice  when  lliey  IkuI  j^rown 
so  bold. 

The  reply  was,  that  if  tho  Freuch  had  shown  auy  weak- 
ness iu  the  past,  they  wished  to  redeem  it  by  takinjjf  Oranjijo, 
or  j)crish  in  tho  attempt ;  but  that  he  erred,  iu  attrihutiuf^ 
to  cowardice  the  c<Jurso  pursued  by  tho  Fi'ench  the  last 
few  years;  that  (h?siro  for  peace  had  alono  induc(>d  them 
to  remain  in  that  inaction,  which  had  given  our  allies  occa- 
si(m  to  insult  us,  only  because  they  failed  to  pcuetrato  tho 
motive  ;  and  that  if  they  had  received  some  checks,  it  was 
because  they  liad  relied  too  implicitly  on  tho  good  faith 
of  the  English  and  tho  Iroquois ;  bu*^^  that  he  should  see 
that  th(!  French  had  never  lack(!d  eon       o. 

The  Indians,  aware  of  all  the  di  Hculties  attending  an 
attack  on  Albany,  persisted  in  their  opposition,  and  tho 
council  broke  u]),  without  coming  to  any  decision.  Thoy 
continued  their  march  till  they  reached  a  spot  where  two 


'  NiclioliiH  d'Aillclioust,  Sicur  de  "  Hppentignydo  Montosson.  N.Y. 

JInnt<'lit,  the  lit'th  sou  of   Charles  Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.  400.   Uc  la  Pntlim-iy 

(rAillilioiist,    Sicur   lies  MussentiN.  cuIIk  him  by  the  liUtcr  name.    Ilist. 

was  born  in  1003  (Uiiuiel,  I'nc  Page  tie  rAin.  Sfjjt.,  iii.,  p.  'is. 

de  Notre  llistoire,  p.  '.207),  ;iiul  was  '•  'Die   party   siurted,  from   Mon- 

killcd  in   lliidsou's   Hay,    in     llu'.l  treal,  early  iu  T'luiiary.     N.Y.  Col. 


Charlovoix,  ilist.  do   la   N.  F. 
p.  340. 


Doc,  ix.,   p.  400  ;    Le  Clercq,  Ktab 
littemeiit  de  la  I'oi,  ii.,  p.  3bT. 


lllS'l'nllV  (»K  NKW  I-IIANCK 

vikkIh  nuil :  i>iio  loading  to  Anmny,  tlin  other  to  Holiciin;- 
tiidy  (CorliiD  ;  tlion  Miinti't,  wlio  tlcspaiml  of  rliaiij,'ijjj^ 
tlic  opiiiiiiii  ')!'  Ills  ftllics,  proposed  to  attack  Selienoet.uly, 
and  tliey  a^'i'eiHl.  Tliey  at  ouoo  took  tlio  roiid  loadin;,'  to 
that  town,  riid  for  iiiiio  dayH  tho  forco  had  much  to  sutVer. 
All  were  ou  foot,  somotiraes  kneo-doop  in  water ;  oftcui, 
indeed,  they  had  to  hreak  tlio  ico  to  find  a  place  to  step  ; 
and,  moreover,  tho  cold  was  inteiiHc.' 

One  afternoon,'  ahont  four  o'clock,  our  braves  arrived 
within  two  leagues  of  Schenectady  ;  hero  tho  (Iroat  Mo- 
hawk, chief  of  tho  Iroquois  of  Sault  8t.  Louis,*  iiarangued 
them  with  great  eloquence,  speaking  with  an  authority 
acquired,  not  only  over  tho  Indianw,  but  even  over  the 
French,  liy  his  great  services  to  tho  colony,  actions  of 
admirable  conce))tion  and  heroic  valor,  eminent  virtue, 
f'ud  untiring  ze.il  for  religion.  He  ixhorted  them  all  to 
forget  past  hardships  in  tho  hopo  of  avenging  tho  evils 
sutt'ered  the  last  lew  years,  on  tlu!  perlidious  J'^nglish,  wiio 
wore  tho  i.iain  authors  of  all.  Tnoy  could  not,  lie  added, 
doubt  of  Heaven's  assistance  against  tho  enemies  of  God, 
and  in  so  just  a  cause. 

They  liad  scarcely  resumed  their  march,  when  tiiey  fell 
in  with  four  Indian  women,  who  giivo  them  all  the  infornm- 
tion  required  to  approach  the  jilaco  securely.  (liguicre,  a 
Canadian,  was  detached  at  once,  with  nine  Indians,  on  a 
scout,  and  discii.uged  ids  duty  j)erfectly.    Unperceived,  he 


198 


1A90. 


1 


P 


'  l)i'  Monsi'ifjmit,  Hclulinn,  &c., 
1fis!)-U() ;  N.  Y.  t'ol.  Hoc.  ix.,  pp. 
■liWi-T  ;  Lo  ("Icrocj,  Etul)lissi'mci\t  dc 
III  Foi.  il.,  p.  388. 

•  Snlunlny,  Kcbrimiy  S,  C).  S. ; 
Schuyler,  in  SiiiitliH  History  of  Now 
York,  1",  p.  ()(! ;  N.  Y.  Ducuiiirutnry 
llitstory,  i.,  I).  l!ll  ;  Ccilili'ii'.-i  History 
(if  till'  Five  NatioiiH  (London  IMi- 
tion>,  p.  Ill;  Matlicr'.s  Magniiliu, 
Book  vii.,  p.  0.':^. 

'  Tilt'  Iroijuois  of  this  village  liail 
remained  at  La  Prairio  do  la  Magde- 


li'ir.c  till  the  .Mnssacrr  of  I.nrliinp* 
After  that  cheek,  they  ri-tireil  to 
-Montreal,  where  they  remained 
sometimo.f  At  lawt,  a  litth  before 
the  departure  of  this  party,  they 
H'ttled  op])osite  Sault  St.  I-ouih, 
[('/iiirltriiij'.)  ^'I'lii.e  is  wroii^'.  'I'hey 
left  La  L'rairie  in  |(i7i!.  and  settled 
nl  Portiii,'!'  liiver,  iii'nr  the  pr.'seiit 
cross  of  Catharine  Tehf^nlikwitu. 
Helation,  lliTli.  Here  they  reinainod 
till  after  lUSIi.  +  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ix., 
pp.  138,  441 


i 


ill' 


:  .'11 


'M 


¥ 


r\ 


124 


lllSTO'.iV   OF  NKW   KHANCE. 


I  690, 


!M1     ) 


.-J  I, 


^11'. 


'  5 


Tin-  p.iicc 
surpriseil 

iiiid 
carried. 


recoimoitfii'od  (■v-licnoctady,  loisuroly,  and  retm-iirrl  to  the 
force,  whicli  wMs  only  a  loap;no  distant.  It  was  at  first 
proposed  to  dolVr  the  attack  till  in(n-nin^' ;  bnt  the  (jxccs- 
sivo  cold  clian,!j;ed  their  plan.  They  resolved  to  march  at 
once,  and  attack  on  avrivinj^.' 

Schenectady  was  almost  rectangular  in  form,  and  was 
entered  by  two  gates  :  one  leading  to  Albany  (Orange), 
which  was  only  six  leagues  off;  the  other  opening  on  the 
main  road,  where  our  men  were.  Tlio  order  of  attack 
was  thus  arranged :  Mantet  and  Sainte  Heleue  took 
charge  of  the  second  gate,  which  the  Indian  women  had 
assured  them  was  never  closed,  and  which  they,  in  fact, 
fonnd  o])en.  D'Ibervillo  and  llepentigny  moved  to  tlio 
left,  to  take  possession  of  the  first  gate ;  but  they  conld 
not  find  it,  and  rejoined  Mantet :  so  that  there  was  only 
one  attack. 

The  gate  selected  for  assault  was  not  only  open,  but 
totally  unguarded  f  and,  as  it  was  night,  the  whole  party 
entered,  uuperceived  by  any  of  the  inhabitants."  The  two 
commandants  at  lirst  separated,  in  order  to  r(>counoitro 
all  points  at  once  ;  and,  as  they  had  enjoined  strict  silence, 
they  met  again  at  the  other  end  of  the  town,  without  any 
movement  being  perceived.  Then  a  yell  was  raised  in 
Indian  style,  and  each  one  struck  where  he  Avas.  Mantet 
attacked  a  kind  (jf  tort,  where  he  found  tin:  garrison  in 
arms.  Here  the  resistance  was  (juite  vigorous  ;  but  the 
door  was  at  last  forced,  the  English  all  piit  to  the  sword, 
and  the  fort  reduced  to  ashes.*     Few  houses  in  the  towiv 


'  Do  Slonsoignat,  Uelation,  &c., 
1089-00  ;  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  ]>.  lliT  ; 
Lu  t'lcrcq,  EtiibllssiMiunt  do  la  Foi, 
ii.,  p.  388.  Do  la  Potherlc,  Hiptoiro 
de  VAiii.  S<'[it.,  iii.,  07,  begins  lion- 
nliniptlj- ;  oiuiltilifr,  cvidontly,  ]^;\rt. 

•  JCntry  in  Mortj^airo  Book  15, 
Albany  ;  N.  Y.  Uoc.  Hist.,  i.,  [i.  Ijiy  ; 
Coldon,  History  of  the  Five  Nations 
(Lnn.lou  Eilition\  p  11.");  Smith's 
ni.--ti)rv  III'  Now  V.irU,  I  ',  p    <:'■'.  <]:■ 


inft  Col.  Scliuylcr'a  lottcr,  Feb.  10. 
1US!I-!I0. 

■'  'I'liey  arriviil  at  1 1  P.  M.,  in  night 
of  tlio  town,  after  twenty-three  days' 
march.  Lo  Clorcq,  Etahlissement  dp 
la  Foi,  ii.,  p.  ;!88-t) :  X.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,p.  40T;  Scluiylor  says  on  Feb.  8, 
O.  S.,  after  twenty-two  days'  inarch. 

*  Do  Monsoignat,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix..  (v  lUT  ;  Do  la  I'dtlierio,  iii... 
pii.  ii.->-!). 


11 


IIISTOin-    OF    NEW    FHANCK. 


125 


were  defciulcd.     Moiitigni  tilono  was  stopped  at  one  ;  tuid,      1690. 
iis  lie  persisted  in  endenvoring  to  enter,  received  in  the   --^r"" 
arm  and  bodv  two  blows  with  a  partisan,  which  put  him 
hors  dc  combat  ;  but  Sainto  Heleno  coming  u]i,  the  door 
was  forced,  and  3Iontigni's  -wounds  avenged  by  the  death 
of  all  who  were  shut  up  iu  the  house.' 

It  was  soon  only  massacre  and  pillage ;  but,  after  two 
liours,  the  h  adei  s  thought  it  necessary  to  place  gur.rds  at 
all  the  avenues  to  prevent  surprise,  and  the  rest  of  the 
nin-lit  was  s])ent  in  refreshing  themselves.  Mantet  had 
"iven  orders  to  spare  the  minister,  whom  he  wished  to  take 
prisoner;  but  ho  was  killed  without  being  recognized,  and 
all  his  papers  were  burned.'  Coudre,'  Mayor  (,f  the  place, 
escaped  across  the  river,  and  seemed  preparing  to  en- 
trench himself  with  his  servants,  some  soldiers,  and  In- 
dians, who  had  followed  him.  The  Commandant  sent  to 
sunnnon  him  at  day-break ;  and  as  they  did  not  wish  to 
hijure  him,  because  he  had,  on  several  occasions,  acted 
very  humanely  to  the  French,  d'Ibervillo  and  the  Great 
JMoiiiiwk  umlertook  to  summon  him.  They  not  only  pr(mi- 
ised  him  quarter,  but  also  assured  him  that  they  would 
touch  nothing  belonging  to  him.  On  this  pledge  he  laid 
down  his  arms,  followed  the  two  deputies  to  kSchenectady, 
alter  troiiliiir  Ihcm  hospitably  ;  and  they  strictly  adhered 
to  all  they  had  promised.' 

One  of  the  first  cares  of  the  chiefs,  when  they  saw  them- 


'  IS'iirnuivc  of  Occurrences,  lilSi)- 
iiO;  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  4(18;  Le 
Clorcq.  Ktablissenient  de  la  Foi,  ii., 
\,\\  8i)-00. 

-'  NaiTati'-e  of  Occurrences,  1089- 
!iO:  N.  Y.  C  ol.  Doc,  is.,  p.  408;  Do 
hi  Potiiin-ie,  iii.,  p.  00.  This  cleiiry- 
man  was  Kev.  Peter  Tnssi  maker,  a 
naiive  of  lloUancl.  lie  had  previou^'- 
ly  1,'een  at  Khiirston,  and  Newcastle, 
i)el.     N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  108. 

'  John  Sander.s  <ilen.  O'CalUighiiii, 
in  N.  Y. '  'ol.  Dof.,  ix.,  p.  40.S  (note); 


Sehuyler.  in  f>initii,  |i.  07.  De  la  I'o 
therie.  iii.,  ji.  09,  writes  "  Cendre,  " 
which  th{!  copyist  of  the  Froiicli 
doeunients  wrote  iJondrc,  and  Char 
levoix's  printer  transformed  into 
"  Coudre." 

'  Narrative  of  Occurrences,  1089- 
1)0:  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  408; 
Frnntenac,  ( 'anada  Doc.  11.,  v.,  p.  83  ; 
De  la  Potheric,  Hist,  de  I'Air..  Sept., 
iii.,  p.  69;  N.  Y.  Doc.  History,  i.,  p. 
191  ;  Colden's  Hist.  Five  Nations,  p. 
11. -J. 


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inSTOIiY    OK  NKW    FRANCE. 


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1690.  solves  complete  niiisters,  was  to  stave  in  the  barrels  of 
"'*'"~^  liquor,  I'or  fear  the  Indians  slioukl  beconu?  intoxicated. 
The  houses  were  then  set  on  fire,  only  the  Mayor's  being 
spared,  with  that  of  a  widow,  to  which  Moutif;ni  had  been 
carried.  There  were  about  forty,  all  well  built,  and  well 
furnished ;  and  no  plunder  was  taken,  except  what  could  be 
readily  carried  away.  Life  was  granted  to  sixty,  chiefly 
women,  children,  and  old  men,  who  had  escaped  the  first 
fury  of  the  assailants,  as  Avell  as  to  thirty  Iroquois,  who 
were  recognized:  the  object  being,  to  show  the  cantons 
that  the  French  struck  only  at  the  English,  whose  loss  was 
estimated  at  400,000  livres.' 

They  were  too  near  Albany  to  remain  long  in  the  ruined 
town.  The  army  decamped  about  noon.  The  booty ;  Mon- 
tigni,  who  had  to  be  carried ;  the  prisoners,  to  the  number 
of  forty ;  and,  after  a  time,  want  of  provisions — as  they  had 
neglected  to  provide  siifficiently, — greatly  retarded  the 
march  homeward.  Several  even  would  have  starved  to 
death,  had  they  not  hail  tifty  horses,  of  which  only  six 
were  alive  w;h'>n  the  victors  reached  Montreal  on  the  27th 
of  ]\rarch.  'Hiis  uearth  of  food  had  even  compelled  chem 
to  scatter.  Some  were  attufkcd  ;  three  Indians  and  six- 
teen Freuchnion  were  killed  or  taken  ;  so  that  want  of 
forcf.is'i:  cost  this  party  much  more  dearly  than  the  attack 
on  Se-iicnectady,  where  they  lost  only  one  Frenchman  and 
one  Indian." 


I  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  i>.  0!) ;  De  la 
rotheric,  lli:-toiro  dc  rAun'riqun 
Scpt.,iii.,i'i).  li'.i-TD.  La  Ilontan  pives 
a  slinrt  accmmt  ot'  this  cxiu'ditioii. 
Voviigos  i.,  p.  'JOI ;  ]a'  Clcrcq.  Etali 
liHHciucnt  d(!  la  Foi,  ii.,  ;JS!)-Ii0.  He, 
says  tUcy  sparod  ninety  ;  the  Narra- 
tive, lii'twren  fifty  and  sixty.  Thu 
"la.^tot'y' people  kild  and  destroy- 
ed, y<-  l»tli  day  of  February.  KiS," 
makes  sixty  killed,  including  a 
French  girl,  prisoner,  and  a  Mo- 
lia\vk  ;  those  carried  off,  twenty- 
t-even    X,  V.  Doc.  Hist.,  i.,  pp.  1110-1. 


Coldon'8  History  of  the  Five  Nations, 
London  ed,,  p.  115,  says  sixty  three 
killed,  twenty-one  Ciirried  oU'. 

•'  He  Jilonseiguai,  Kelation  de  ce 
([ui  s'estpass'  ;  X.i".  Col. Doc.,  ix  .  p. 
W< :  Canada  Doc,  II.,  v.,  p.  8i.  Char- 
levoix is  careless  in  his  figures.  The 
narrative  says  thirty  per.sons,  and 
makes  sixteen  horses  get  through. 
'I'he  English  sent  one  hundred  and 
forty  Mohawks  and  Mohegaus,  un 
lier  Lawrence,  in  pursuit.  N.  Y. 
Documentary  History,  i.,  j).  l'.)l. 
Leisler,  in  a  letter  to  the  Bishop  f)f 


HISTOHV   UK    NI'.'A'    1I!A.\(  K 


V27 


In  tlio  miiuls  of    tho  Imliaus  tliis  expedition   fully  ro-      1690. 
stored  tho  ro])ut;ition  of  the  French  anus ;  but  tho  joy  it   ^~>       ' 
producod  in  tho  colon v  was  soou  dash    1  hv  ouo  of  those  EiTiit  pro- 

accidents,  not  to  bo  forescciu,  which   dunrivcil  us  of  tho   iiii3  uou- 

....  i(i"'*t- 

vory  man,  in  all  the  world,  whom  it  was  most  vitally  im- 
portant for  us  to  ])reserve,  situated  as  wo  wOiO,  and  wliich 
tended  to  array  our  most  faithful  allies  in  arms  against 
each  other,  at  tho  time  when  we  had  most  need  of  uniting 
them  all  against  our  enemies.     Thus  it  happened  : 

Lieutenant  Tilly  do  15eauvais,  and  seconded  Lieutenant  iiiir  Mh-t 
La  Brosse — tho  same  who  had  served  at  Schenectady —  e:ich  otuei' 

.  ,      witlioiu  i-L'- 

determined,  with  four  other  Frcnclimcu,  to  raise  a  party  coirnizhii;. 
of  Christian  Iroquois,  of  whom  tho  Great  Mohawk  as- 
sumed command.  They  embarked  at  Montreal,'  and  de- 
scended tho  St.  Lawrence  to  the  Sorel  lliver.  On  tho 
2(jth  of  May,  their  scouts  heard  some  musket-shots,  and 
soon  after  perceived  two  iield-cabms,  containing  fourteen 
Iro(iuois.  These  they  attacked,  and  captured  to  a  man. 
From  them  they  learned  that,  on  tho  route  they  wort; 
keeping— and  Avhich  led  to  an  Enghsh  fort,  that  they  de- 
signed attacking — they  would  iind  a  party  these  Indians 
had  recently  loft,  and  which  comprised  more  than  thirty 
men,  without  reckoning  women  and  children. 

This  news  gave  great  pleasure ;  but,  when  they  least  ex- 
pected it,  they  fell  into  an  ambuscade.  They  cut  through 
it,  however,  gallantly,  killed  four  men  and  two  women, 
and  took  forty-two  prisoners,  eight  of  them  Englisl)." 
Learning  that  seven  hundred  Mohegans  awaited  thoni 
a  day's  march  further  on,  they  judged  it  best  to  retreat, 
not  being  strong  enough,  and  being  too  much  iucumherod 
with  their  prisoners  to  expose  themselves  to  the  risk  of  so 
unequal  a  struggle.    What  induced  them  to  take  a  dif- 


Ssilisbury    (ib.,    p,    l9o)   says  tln^y  '   lii  cauojs,  on  tlic  IStli.     Di,'  la 

kill'jil  Iweuty-flve  of    the  French ;  Pothorii',    lIiMtoiru    du    rAmeri'iuo 

thougli  Van   t'urtlandt,    to  Andros  Septentrionalf,  iii.,  p.  81. 

(il).,   p.    194|  says    Hfti'cu  ;  Smith's  •  Kii'j;lish  woiiirn.     licUitiond.' sf 

History  of  New  York,  p.  C(i,  tiays,  qui  a'cst  pati.si',  I(i8i)-!I0;  N.  V.  Cil. 

killed  or  ti.ok,  twenty-five.  Poc.,  is.,  p.  17:1 ;  Canada  Doe..  I.,  iv 


'I 

•I  I 


m 


ill  .1 


.1 


lb 


Ik 

'-i 


^i! 


.  ii 


ft'i' 


it 


128 


I; 


u 


i 


% 


1690. 


Dcjitli  of 
tl  Greut 
M'   lawk. 


IIISTOUV    UF    NKVV    I'UAN'c •!•'., 

fercnt  route  li'tnieward  from  tliiit  they  lind  c  mic,  I  ktion 
not ;  but  it  wns  to  cost  tliom  dcur. 

On  the  4tli  of  Jiine  they  found  tliinnsolvt^s,  at  noon, 
on  tlic  banks  of  Sahnon  Piivcr,  which  empties  into  Lake 
ChampLiin.  As  thoy  Lad  left  their  canoes  at  some  dis- 
tance from  this  point,  they  deemed  it  most  (expeditious  to 
make  new  ones;  r .id,  without  loss  of  time,  set  to  work. 
In  the  evening,  at  the  time  when  they  were  ut  prayer 
together,  they  were  discovered  by  a  party  of  Algouquins 
and  Abenaquis,  also  out  on  the  war  paili  -'Mrainst  the  Eng- 
lish. These,  taking  them  for  enemies,  attacked  th(!m  in  tlie 
morning  before  day.  The  Groat  Mohawl;  was  killed  on 
the  spot  with  one  of  his  men ;  six  other  Iro(piois,  two 
French  aen,  and  two  English  slaves,  were  wounded,  and 
prisoners  takeJi  on  both  sides.' 

Tlien  it  was  that  thoy  recognized  each  other.  The 
ra-isnic'iit  ..n  regret  on  both  sides  was  extreme ;  biit  the  Irocjuois,  in- 
ivnd  liow  lu"  consolable  f(n-  the  death  of  tJieir  chief,  refused  to  set  at 
himsi'ii.  liberty  the;  prisoners  whom  they  had  taken.  This  refusal 
irritated  the  others,  a  bitter  feeling  ensued,  and  every 
thing  was  to  be  feared  from  this  mutual  resentment.  The 
Count  de  Frontenac  needed  all  his  prudence  and  xbility  to 
quell  the  rising  storm  ;  and  he  succeeded  after  much  nego- 
tiation. It  was,  at  last,  arranged  that  the  aggressors 
should  send  deputies  with  a  belt  to  Sault  St.  Louis,  to 
j)rotest  that  the  whole  aft'air  was  accidental,  and  to  ask 
for  tlieir  l)rotlircn  ;  that  their  protestation  should  be  well 
receive  i,  and  all  the  prisoners  exchanged.  The  Abenaqui 
orator,  wiio  was  si)okosmau,  used  the  most  sensible  and 
touching   terms,  and    eoneludod    by   showing    tliat   the\' 


Fronton 

.ic's  cniljar- 


W  -i! 


'  Itrlation,  &c.,    KISO-'.M):    N.  Y.  iinqai,  and  had  Ix'on  a  sluvo  in  lio;-- 

(\)\.  Doc,  IK.,  11.  -173;  Canada  Hoc,  ton  (Hook    ii.,   \).    OK),   coiumandL-d 

I.,  iv.,  1)1'.  ;i(J.J-47I;  IX!  la  Pothcric,  Ids  tribcnici;  at  Salmon  Falls,  an. I, 

Hist,  do  rAinLTiquo  Sept.,  iii..  ]).  .*>-;  proliably,  on    tins    occasion.      Sip 

i.,  \\  ;!4T.     .Mathi^r,  in  Ids  Mairiialia,  Pii'dick   Occurrcncis,    Boston,  Scp- 

givi'S  till'  lU'Hth  of  lIopoliooJ  ill  tlds  tcinbcr  'i't.  I0'.)l),  in  llifltorical  .^Ia;;a- 

way  :  lloi'c'.uiod,  who  was  an   Abe-  zinc,  i.,  p.  ',';iO, 


i:  I' 


i  I 


:\ 


niSTUUY    OK   NKW    KUANCIv 

ftliotild  'j^'wr.  tlio  (lopai'tcHl  theii'  tears,  witlioiit  iIistiu-1)tiiiL'o, 
a  I'rieinlsliip  wliicli  was  touiuled  on  volition  alono. 

Tho  Gi'oat  Mcjhawk  was  not  less  deploi'od  by  tlio  rrencli 
than  by  his  eountrynieu,  and  it  was  tlic  niissionariis  vho 
most  of  all  rosivttod  this  loss.  This  neophyte  was  himself 
a  zealous  missionary  ;  and,  on  tho  plan  wliicli  he  adopted, 
would  perhaps,  had  his  life  been  spared  a  few  years,  have 
converted  his  whole  canton.  His  conversion  to  Christian- 
ity had  been  tlic  v  "ivk  of  God  alone.  Ho  did  not  yet  know 
any  Jesuit,  and  had  scarcely  hoard  our  religion  spoken  of, 
when,  by  an  impulse  over  which  ho  seemed  to  have  no 
control,  ho  felt  moved  to  visit  his  brethren,  who  bad 
settled  at  La  Prairio  do  la  Magdelcuic.  Yet  lie  would 
not  go  alone  :  ho  imparted  his  design  to  several  Mohawks, 
and  as  many  as  fifty  volunteered  to  accompany  him.' 

They  were  extremely  surprised  to  see  their  countrymen 
transformed,  so  to  speak,  into  other  mcu ;  all  that  they 
observed  in  tho  town  charmed  them,  and  they  declared 
that  they  woidd  not  leave  it.  They  were  instructed  ;  the 
word  of  God  found  in  them  docile  hearts,  and  they  wore 
liaptizcd.  Their  example  and  words  drew  many  others  ; 
;uid  tho  Great  Mohawk,  especially,  was  so  penetrated  with 
the  holy  lire  that  makes  apostles,  that,  down  to  his  death, 
he  never  ceased  laboring  to  obtain  adorers  for  the  true 
God.  Heaven  blessed  his  labors,  even  lieyond  his  hopes. 
Yet  with  this  he  ovoi;  maintained  tho  high  reputation  he  had 
accpiired  in  war  ;  and  it  was  out  of  esteem  for  his  personal 
merit,  and  still  more  for  his  virtue,  that  tlio  I'rench  gave 
him  the  name,  under  which  alono  ho  is  known,  in  tho  me- 
moirs of  that  period, 

The  Abenaquis  and  Algonquins,.  whose  error  had  such 
fatal  results,  had  quite  recently  arrived  from  Acadia,  where 
they  had  been  greatly  distinguished  in  an  expedition,  no 

'    Do    la    PothtTio,    llistoiro    do  Shea's   Catholic   Missions,  pp.  'JTl- 

rAmi'ririui'    Septentrionak',    1.,    pp.  2'J'J.    IIi:  (ivoi throw  tlit'   Mohctran* 

U47-iJ ;  Uclation  do  la  N.  F.,  1072-3,  (Do    la    I'othorio,    p.   olTi.   and    is 

p.  .'io  ; — Ifli^-ll,  p.  143;  Mission  do  ovidontly     the     Kryn    of    Kjglish 

St.   Xavi'i-    do.^    I'K.'i.,   IPTI,   M.", ,  ticcouuts 
Vi.L,  IV.  — K 


129 


1 690, 


i 


v>  i>  1 


i4 


L     i 


m 


t*  ■  1/ 


:f..t  ■ 


3fL 


130 


lUSTOUY   OV  M-;\V    |-|!A.\(K. 


1690.      Iti-s    sncoossful    or    lioiioviil)]'!    to    IIk;    Fn^ucli    than    lliii> 

^— >-— '  n;.':iin,-;t  S'-lu'iicc't.uly.     Mr.  iU'.   I'mntonno,  Jis  I  luivo  10- 

Miiir      niMkiul,  had,  during  tiio  wiiter,  formed  throo  purtics  to 

111  I'll'I'rtCX-  1  n  ]•     1  •  . 

I'cdiiioii.  enter  the  Liiujlisli  territory  at  tlio  .Siiiuo  tnuo,  in  tlireo  dit'- 
fcnut  directions.  Tlint  intended  to  aet  agiiinst  New 
York,  and  wliicli  took  elleot  at  Selieneetady,  had  been 
i"iii.-;cd  at  IMontreal ;  tlie  other  two  Avcro  raised  in  the  Gov- 
emnients  of  Tiireo  llivers  and  (Jueboc  :  tlu;  Cniueral  intend- 
ing, in  this  way,  to  ereate  an  einukitiou  between  these  par- 
ties, wliieh  seldoin  fails  to  produee  a  good  effect,  wlicn  n'A 
otli'-r  eonsidei'ations  are  carefully  exchuled,  as  well  as 
every  thing  that  tends  to  ik'gradr  a  laudable  emulation 
into  a  ]'(  ruicious  jealousy. 
s.-iiiciitiis  TI.e  (lovcrnment  of  Three  l\ivers  wa^,  at  this  time,  verj- 
'  iiui  thinly-settled,  and  could  raise  only  lifty-two  men,  including 
'  '*  "^ ''  live  Algonrjuins  and  twenty  Sokokis  ;'  but  tlicy  were  led  by 
a  colonial  otlicer,  to  whom  the  conduct  of  au  enterprise  of 
this  nature  could  bo  most  fitly  confided  ;  this  is  the  testi- 
mony 1 101  no  liim  hy  the  Count  do  Frontenae,  in  a  letter 
writli  11  a  I  tho  time  to  Mr.  do  Scignelay.  This  oilicer  was 
the  (Sieur  Hcrtcl,  whoso  captivity  and  virtues  have  already 
been  noticed.'  In  the  little  troop  under  his  command,  lio 
had  three  of  his  sons,  and  two  of  Jiis  nei)hews  :  tlie  ISieur 
Crovicr,  Seigneur  of  Saint  Fr:uicis;  and  the  SieurGati- 
ncau. 

Ho  set  out  from  Three  Eivers  on  the  28th  of  January ; 
struck  inland,  due  ':;^uth,  leaving  Lake  Chamiilain  on  his 
left;  then  inclined  eastward;  and,  aAer  long  ar,d  severo 
marching,  arrived,  on  the  27tli  of  March,  ncnr  i<n  Englisli 
town,  called Scmentcls,"  which  Ik^  had  ivcomioiten.d  )>y  his 


'  \)v  .Monr^cifruat,  UoUuiiiu  <h  ce 
i;iii  s'oBt  paHs:',  &c.,  IfiS'.M.'U;  IS.  V. 
Col.  Dnc,  ix.,  [).  in  ;  Pe  la  I'otlu'ii", 
llistoiro  do  l'.\iii('i'j(|ur  !S(']it.,  iii.,  p. 


iliiV,l:>    V.rr,'      C.  UlllUUHli  (i     \,y     lIo])(; 
h.:o,i, 

■■'  Anti'.  \ol.  iii,,  p.    1;! ;  MauuiuU, 
ilia;-,  (lo.i  .-VbrnrJiis,  p.  '.(.i),  ii.    Frmi.. 


^;3  ;    Lo    C'K'i'O'i,   Kialilisscim  nt  <lo    ci»  llcrtul,  Sit-iii'iii'CliniuMy,  (li!.'il  al 


la  Foi,  ii.,  p.  'Mi') :  W  iiVuii.i.si.n,  Hint. 
Maino,  i.,  i'.  (ilS;  liclkiiui.V  liist. 
New  Ihnuii.-liirc,  i.,  'Ji,'?,  .-.iv:'  'lir  lu- 


llouchcrvilic,  ^!ay  'JU,  K','.'.    Daniiil, 

I'ln,'  I'iige  i!f  N'oivi'  H!:-t.-,;r,.',  [i.  I'l'.i 

^  This  phr.f,  tliL-n  cailvd  i^aliuui'. 


I 


'  -If 


IIIS-!Mi;V    ol-     N|-\V    |-U,\N<'|.; 

scouts.  Tlioii  li(M]ivi.l.  .1  iii-  Laiiil  I'litu  llircc:  tlr^  (Iixt,  rM.ii- 
sisting  of  lii'tccii  iiioii,  litul  ordrrs  to  iittiufk  a  liir^o  i'.ii  lii'icd  " 
liouso  ;  tlic  second,  •.•(Uiiiirisiu^-  only  cli'Vi'ii  iiicii,  lie  sent  to 
si'izc  a  siiickadi'  I'diI,  wiHi  rouv  biistimis  ;  tlic  lliird,  uliicli 
lio  coiamaiiilc.l  in  iicvson,  was  iiitciidi'd  to  aliack  aiintlicr 
,'111(1  lar^'cr  I'ort,  luouutcd  with  artillery.' 

All  this  was  carrli^d  out  ■\vitli  a,  skill  and  hrav.'ry  wliicli 
astonisliud  the  Euj^lish  ;  thoy,  at  lirst,Kho\vod  a  ]n\  il  \  iiold 
iVont ;  liut  they  could  I'.ot  stand  the  first  lire  of  the  assail- 
ants :  the  bravest  Avcro  cut  to  pieces,  and  the  rest,  to  the 
number  of  fifty -four,  were  made  jirisoners  of  war.  It  cost 
the  victors  only  one  .F)'enchmau,  who  had  his  thit,'h  broken, 
.'ind  died  tho  next  day.  Twenty-seven  houses  were  }e- 
duccd  to  ashes,  aud  two  tlmusand  head  of  cattle  perished 
in  the  stables,  which  were  llred."  Senuuilels  was  only  six 
leagues  from  quite,  a  largo  town  in  Neu"  England,  called 
Poscadovii't,'  which  was  able  to  send  out  a  force  sulUcjieiit 
to  surround  Hertel,  aud  cut  oli'  his  ivtn.'at.  In  fact,  on  the 
evening  of  the  same  day,  two  Indians  came  to  warn  him 
that  two  liuudred  men  were  advaucing  to  attack  him.  Ex- 
jiecting  this,  he  had  taken  his  measures  to  didVat  those  of 
the  enemy,     lie  arranged  his  men  in  fighting  order,  on 


];ii 


I  '>'/0. 


■9  ;1 


.'* 

■  ■ 

), 

',; 

(1. 

I  ' 

"*'( 

i 

Kallr),  is  iKiw  licrwirk,  N.  II.  N.  Y. 
Col.  IJoc,  ix.,  p.  4T1 ;  Williuinwon'H 
MaiiK',  i.,  p.  (il8;  Dr  hi  rotlifrk',  Hist, 
do  rAiiu'ri(|iu'  Sep*  ,  iii.,  p.  70,  calls 
it  '■I'l'iutMirnls,'' aiidl>i!('lcirii  (ii..p. 
;iiil).  "Si'iiU'litals";  aiul  I  ha  1  alwavs 
cciusidcruJ  ''Sumcntcls"  a  l''ivm-li  cor- 
niptidii  of  Salmon  Falls,  like  "  Kas- 
ki'bt;,"  for  Caseo  15ay ;  "Muniinilin," 
for  Merry  Mi'i^tiiii,'  ;  "  Ki'-pan,''  for 
Ca])!'  Ann;  yet  Maun'.  :,liistoirodcs 
Alu'uakis,  p.  !200,  n..  gives  it  as  an 
Indian  name,  and  says  the  place  was 
formerly  so  called  from  tho  Abenaki 
Sciumenal,  "stone  beads,"  from  the 
<|uantity  of  pebbles,  at  that  point,  on 
the  Pi-;cat;.i|\ia.     Mather,   linwi^'er. 


gives  "  Newichawnnnick  "  as  the  In 
dian  name.     Uook  vii..  p.  7:.!. 

'  One  piece  of  cannon.  De  Mon- 
seitjnat,  li'elation  d(^  cc^  s'est  p.isse; 
N.  Y.  (,'ol.  Doc,  ix,,  p.  471  ;  1).^  la 
Potherie,  Hist,  de  rAiueriiiue  Sept. 
iii.,  p.  77. 

-  De  la  Potherie,  llistoire  dc  I'Amc'- 
rique  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  77,  says  seven 
liou.ses  ;  but  de  Monscignat,  N.  Y. 
t'ol.  Dor.,  ix.,  p.  171,  says  twenty- 
Eeven. 

"  I'harlevoix,  in  his  Errata,  eavB 
"  Pe-scadoue."  'J'his  is  e((uivaleiit  to 
Piscataway.  It  is  now  Portsmouth, 
N.  11.  According  to  Maurault,  P''k- 
cadoue  MK  ans  a  "  iiarkMime  i)i;ii'e,  ' 


.1: 


'in 


r,  I 
i  •' 


II 


■IV" 


182 


IllSroliV    Ol'   NKW    KliAM'K 


n 


1  fii)ci. 


Tho  Sicur 
Hcrtcl  ic- 
pill-c-  llir 
Kll'^li^-U  111 
n.  lii'iil'j:c'. 


llo  joins 

Mr.  do 

PortiK'tif. 


till'  li.'Mik  ol'  ,'i  liviT,'  over  wliich  tliiTi-  was  ji.  vr  ry  iin'  nw 
liridi't' ;  llic  liciul  ol'  this  briilgo  lio  liad  scizi.'d,  loavinu  tin- 
Eii^nlish  no  otiicr  way  to  iip]ivoii(']i  liim. 

TIkj}'  jircssod  forward  to  cross  tho  bi'id,L;o;  uiid,  desi)isiiig 
tlio  ftinnll  uuiiibcr  of  tho  French,  ciij;(iji;(>d  Mith  great  C(iii- 
CuUmicc.  Ik'i'Lfl  id  llioiii  advance,  wiflioiil  liring  a  siiol  ; 
then  sndihiily  sprangupou  tlieni,  sword  in  liand ;  at  tlio 
first  Idow,  lie  killed  eight,  wounded  ten,  and  forced  the  rest 
to  abandon  tho  Ijattle-lield.  In  tids  action  ho  lost  liis 
nci/liew,  the  gallant  Crevier,''  and  ;i  Hokoki  Indian.  La 
Frosulere,  his  eldest  son,  received  a  musket-ball  in  tln^ 
knee,  of  which  he  will  bear  tho  glorious  marks  to  Ins  gi'ave. 
H(!  is  still  a  captain  in  Canada;  ho  distinguished  hinisi'll' 
subsequently,  on  many  occasions ;  and,  as  became  the 
eldest  sou,  shared  his  father's  piety." 

After  so  brilliant  an  action,  Hertel  tliought  only  of  re- 
treating, and  did  so  with  judgment  and  success  ;  but,  after 
marching  some  days,  ho  was  compelled  to  leave,  in  tho 
hands  of  tho  Indians,  his  son,  who  was  unable  to  sustain 
any  longer  the  hardships  of  tho  march.  At  tho  same  place, 
[fertel  learned  that  the  party  ^rom  tho  Government  of 
(^)u'.'bcc  was  only  two  .days  distant,  and  Jiad  not  yet  conio 
into  action.  On  learning  this,  lie  dispatched  his  ne[)hev>', 
Gatiuean,  to  the  Governor- General,  to  report  tho  success 
of  his  own  expedition  ;  he,  at  tho  samo  time,  pormittiid 
the  Siour  Maugras,  who  had  brought  him  tlio  five  Algoii- 
quins,  to  return  with  them  to  Saint  Francis,  and  he  hiniseli' 
prepared,  with  the  rest  of  liis  party,  to  join,  at  Kask'jbe, 
that  from  (Quebec' 


if  hi 


k:  ,,i 


'  Woiistoi- Kivur.    Belknap's  New  ICSJ."),  ami  Ciijitain  in  ITOl.     Daniel, 

llaiiiiisliiro,  i..  207.  Une  Pasrt'  ile  Notro  llistoiro,  )).  470. 

'  Du  Monst'ignat  .«ays  four  killed.  ^  Narrative  of  Occurrences,  N.  Y. 

N.  Y.  C"()l.   Doc.  i\  ,  p.  471  ;  De  la  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  472.   The  prisoners 

Potlierie,  iii.,  p.  77;  and  Le  Clt.'reii,  were  loft  to  the  Indian.-! ;  andCottmi 

F.talilissenient,    ii..   jip.  :Wl-5,   "jive  Mallior,  Mairnalia,  Book  vii.,  (i.  CD, 

no  nunilier.  details  their  sutl'erinus  at  tho  liands 

■'  Zachary  llerlel,  Sieur  de  la  Fres-  ofllopehood,  tlie  Indian  chief.  See.al- 

niere,  was  a  seconded  lieutenant  in  so.  Drake's  Indian  raptivitius.ii.  109. 


i 


IIISTiiIiV   (»!'    Nl'W    I'llANi'K. 


i:i;» 


'i'liis  jiMrly  WMS  CLiiiiiiMinlcil  liy  Mi'.  ilc  I'lirtiicul',  lln'  \fi)o. 
lliird  sou  ol'  tlic  Jlavoii  ol'  I'ckniicDurl,  .'iml  liiMitcn.uit  of  -"  .  ~ 
]\l!iiiiu;Viir.s  coiniiuny.  I'vontoii.tc  luul  orckivd  him  tolako 
all  Unit  foiuiiaiiv  whicli  wus  in  Aciuliii,  luciuise  do  AImu- 
TK^val,  liis  I'iiptaiii  and  lu'otlu^',  was  Ciovoriun'  ol'  ibit. 
proviiioo.  Ilaisiuu',  also,  some  Canadians,  and  sixty  AIh';- 
naijuis,  from  the  Falls  o*!  tlio  C'liaudicrc,  ho  fict  out  from 
()n('l)(>c'  tho  samp  day  that  Hortcl  h-ft  Tlirce  llivors.  TiUi 
do  Coui'toniaucho  acted  as  Ins  lioutLMiaut.' 

From  tho  pi'ovailin,L,'  iloiirth  of  provisions  that  yoar  in 
Caimda,  the  authorities  could  allow  tl  .ait  scanty  stip- 
plios.  This  eompelli'd  them  to  hunt  ou  tho  way:  so  that 
it  was  tho  middlo  of  Tday  bei'oro  thoy  reached  tho  AIk'- 
uatini  village,  where  Porliicuf  had,  apparently,  reckoned  on 
swelling  his  force.  Finding  no  one  ihero,  ho  ]>usli(>l  on 
to  a  second  village  of  the  same  nati(m,  on  the  banks  of  tho 
Kiniboqni,"  where  ho  learned  that  some  warriors  liad 
recently  returned  from  a  raid  on  the  l^nglish  territory,  in 
which  they  had  killed  six  men.  Ho  persuaded  the.so 
braves  to  follow  him,  as  well  as  some  Indians  of  tho  neigh- 
borhood;' and,  on  tho  2otli,  ho  proceeded  to  eneani|)  foui' 
h^agues  from  Cas':'  ■  (Kaskobe),  uliich  lie  had  resolved  to 
attack.* 

Casco  Bay  (Kaskobe)  was  a  town  on  the  sea-coast,  witli 
a  very  well-built  fort;''   it  had  eight  pieces  of  artilleiy 


'  Dc  jronspisrnnt,  Kclaticn  ilu  cl> 
<|iii  s'ci-t  pass.',  &(•.,  lOMMJO;  N.  Y. 
("ill.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  4Tii ;  and  Lo  CkTcc), 
i;tiibli.-;si'mont  dc  ia  Foi,  ii.,  p.  yui, 
{rives  liim  fifty  Fronclinion.  Tilli  do 
Ri'[)cntifrny  CourtunmnclK-,  il).,  p. 
3'J',>.  Tlu'V  left  (Quebec,  Jainmry  'JS. 
Tlio  New  Eiiijrland  accounts,  which 


•  Kennebec. 

■'■  IjO  C'lorcq,  ii.,  \>.  •Ml,  says  150, 

'  Do  lu  I'otherio  says  thoy  readied 
iveskeliaye.  May  2;!.  llistoire  de 
I'Am.  Se|)t..  iii.,  p.  TS  ;  Imt  tlieXar- 
lative,  X.  Y.  t'oL  Dnc,  ix.,  p.  Ii  ; 
and  I.e  Clercq,  ii.,  p.  '<")i ,  say  'S>{h. 

■''  'I'he  plac:'  oallud  l)y  the  French 


sadly  confuse   French  names,   and  ''  Ivasliebe  " — their  mode  of  writiiii;' 

divide  Do  Portncnif  into  himself  and  Casco  I!ay,  which  tlioy  took  for  tl;<' 

one  UurneH'e,  also  briui.'  in   de  St.  name  of  the  town — was  Falinniitli, 

Cast  in  as  acting  a  iironuncnt  part  ;  now  Portland,  Maine.   The  fort  v,;'.:) 

but   it   is   pretty  clear  ho  v;as  not  Fort  l.oyal.     It  stood  at  the  foot  of 

there.     Piobineau   de  Portneiif  was  King  street.     Maine  Hist,  t'oll..  i  , 

a  brother  of  de   Menneval  and  do  p.  2i)-l :    N.   V.  Col.    Doc,    ix.,     \>. 

Villeb.m.  472  ;  Willis,  rortland,  p.  2^1. 


ii 


I 

4 

xni 

A 

V''ll 

P 

V 

•i 

m 


I 


i!n 


.'•<! 


X\  1 


>iH  II 


,<* 


:tj 


IIIS'I'OIIV  OF  Ni;V\    KItANC'i; 


# 


:  ,.:^i  '■■■ 
I' 


'} 


I  I' 


\f'()o.     inoiiiilc'l,  mill  I;ii'Kr(l   iirilliiT  !UiiiiniMiiiiiii  imr  |iiuvisioiin. 

■— ^r —  'J'lw  c'lisiiiiip;  nif,'li(,  foiu'  Indians  and  two  FiiMirluiuii  pi'o- 

sic'.iof    i'(  cilcd  Id  lay  tin  finiliust-.idc  ((nito  near  tlu'  fori,  iin  1  mi 

Mini  srvcrai  l''.n:-:!i.-ilniian,  falliii!;-  into  it   ul  da_vl)ival<,  was  shiii'.'      I'ii" 

(ill.cr  iDl'lr).    T        1-  1  '111-  1)1  '!•.■.  1' 

liHUaiis  al  once  1  .MM  iMIicic  «'i'\  ;  .■aid,  .'.IpmiiI  noon,  li'lyol 
the  !;'a. /ison  advmici'd  in  j^ood  ordi'i'  (oward  tiu'  ;;iot 
tVoiii  wliii'ii  ihc  I'rics  s.  oiiuhI  to  conic.  Tluty  wore  f.lmo.^l 
npon  it,  lict'oiv  tlicy  iu'vccivcd  anything' ;  but  our  ni  'n,  ,soc- 
in.y  tlii'in  ap])roa('!!,  poured  in  a  volley  tit  ten  ]iiict.'.s'  ilis- 
t.'uici'  ;  llu'ii,  williout  f^'ivin;.,'  thoni  tinu'  to  rocovor,  rn<';i'd 
on  tlicni,  sword  and  tomahawk  in  liand,  andHOwell  ava'l  ■  ! 
t]i('ni--clvi  s  ol'  till'  disorder  oi'casionnl  l>y  tlu^se  two  sud  Icii 
attii''l<s,  thai  only  four,  and  tlicy  Moundeil,  .suoccodcd  in 
riMiriii;,'  wiiiiin  tlio  fort.' 
'I'Ii(I',ii!j:1Mi  'riii'i'c  were,  near  C'asco  J5ay,  four  otliur  snniUor  forts, 
fi.ur  loiiv  wliii'li  o]k'iiihI  on  tlio  a-<sailants,  coiapclling  tlirni  to  drnv 
olV  a  little,  afti'r  liavini^'  one  Indian  killed,  and  a  Freii  di- 
niau  wounded.  In  the  eveiiin;',  ISlv.  de  Portneul"  soiit  to 
summon  tlie  Governor  of  Casoo,  who  replied  th.it  lie  a,-, is 
determined  to  hold  out  till  death.  Portucuf  was  sonii- 
what  at  a  loss.  ]Ie  had  L'ono  too  far  to  recoil  with  Iionor  : 
yet  Fronteinie's  oiders  forbadi^  him  to  attack  any  fortitled 
l)lace,  and  I: is  commis.siou  authorized  him  o)dy  to  ravaLjn 
the  fields;  luil  he  found  them  strippc'l,  and  tlie  seflliTS  on 
lli^'ir  j^'iiar,!. 

Moreover,  ii.;  had  iieeii  informed  of  the  eajiture  of  Cor- 
lar  (.Scheiieei.idy)  ;  while  Ilertel,  who  had  just  joined  him, 
had  shared  in  the  success  at  Scmentels,  and  it  ';'a1le<l  liiia 


'  liobiTt  liiv;i.-im.    Davi.s':*  Di'clu-  r.ViU('rii]iii'  Si'pt.,  iii.,  p.   i'.i.     W'll- 

riitinii,  Mas.s.  llii-t.C'oll.,  i.,  p.  lUi-.j.  liaiiisun,  liisldry  n!'  Main  ■,  i.,  p.  (l.M. 

''  Dii    la    I'othi'rit',     liistoiru    do  Bnvrf  C'liirk,  and  thii'tix'u  ii'll  at  tlu' 

I'Ani.'r'Kpi"    Si'pt.,    iii.,   p.    Ti(,  say  fu'st  fire;  bill  in  r  note,  nn  p. 'l',"i,  lie 

thirty;    and   tlii:4   is   confirniiMl    by  brings  tbc  name  matter  in  again  as 

Davis's  IXTJaraticin,  anil  by  William-  a    masi^acrc,  nl'tor    tin.'    .surr.'iiiltT. 

son.  Hist.  Maine,  i..  p.  Gii),  who  say  Uov. Bradislreet, inaletterli)  l-ei-ler, 

they    \v<re    cuiii  iiaiuk'd   by   Lieut.  May  IJO,  lOi'O.O.  S.,  n.ak(':<  tlie  j  irly 

'i'haddeus  Clark  fallyiiii;   out.  twenty-six.     O'Calla- 

"    De    la     I'dtherie,     llistoiie     de  -hiin's    D<:C.    Hist.,    ii.,   p.    lit!. 


ll.-.i'u:U    VI'   NKW    I'hANCK, 


in; 


not  ii  littl(i  to  rotnrii  with  loss  '^Inrv  tlinn  his  onllcjir^nos  ;  1690. 
hosidos,  Hiiioo  IIiTtci':!  :ii'rivnl,  liis  wIh.Io  loirc*  cuMVily  — r— ' 
clftiiiorod  to  he  li'.l  01:  lo  i\u\  assault.  All  tliin^'.s  well  0011- 
siilcrod,  li(>  coiicliiilcil  that,  Mitiifilcd  as  hu  was,  \w  uu^^Ul 
iutoi'prcl  Iho  (loiicnil's  will,  luid  it  was  i'csi-IvlmI  to  cou- 
timio  tho  attack  011  (Jast-o  Bay.  On  their  sidis  tlir  Kn-- 
lisli,  se(;iii;,;  tlio  iaipasslhility  of  holding  so  many  forts  at 
onto,  cvaeuntcd  tho  four  smaller  forts,  coiieontratin;,'  all 
the  men  to  roiufoi'co  i;i.'  ;j;arrison  at  Casco  TJay,  and  put 
it  in  a  bettor  ooaditiou  to  hold  out. 

On  the  iii;.'.ht  of  31ay  -JO  7th,  tho  besio-crs  cncajnpoil  on 
tho  sfa-shon>,  tii'ty  i)aeos  from  the  fort,  coM-rod  hy  a  very 
stoop  hill,  whore  l!'.oy  had  uothiuj^-  to  i'oar  iVoiu  tho  nrtil- 
lory.  'Iho  next  ni.idit  thoy  opened  the  tivnchos.  \oilh(!i' 
(.'auadians  nor  Indians  had  any  oxperionco  in  tliis  mode  ol' 
attack;  biit  crau'a,i!,o,  and  a  desire  h  r  \iftory,  atoiiod  lor 
want  of  skill.  All  worivrd  witii  tho  f,'voatest  ardor ;  and  as 
tho'y  wore  fortunate  oiioul!;1i  to  lind  in  the  abandoned  I'orls 
all  the  implements  needed  for  throwin;.;-  u[>  t!ie  earth,  tho 
works  advan(!ed  with  such  celerity,  that,  on  the  eveuinj;  of 
the  28tli,  tho  besieged  asked  to  ]iarlev. 

They  were  told  that  Iho  i'i-,ii,.:i  wished  tho  i'oi-t,  with  e;i-c..  mh- 
;dl  its  aminnnition  and  t^upjilivs.     They  asked  six  days'  lo  iJ,I"iCiTi'im 
dolilKrato,  hoping  to  be  relieved  in  tlio  interval;  but  .mly  "",''',".!.!,"' ' 
that   ninht   w;is   grant. 'd   thoni,    anil    tlio    irenohi'-i   wore 
pushed    on.     The    noxi    day    they    throw    ont    a    nuuh^-'r 
of  grenades,  whicli   did   no   execution  ;    the  French    ap- 
proaclied  tho  palisade,  i)iv]iarcd,  as  soon  as  they  got  ii!i, 
to  set  jire  to  a  tar  bai'i''.'!,  and  other  intlamund)l(i  mr.ftor.'' 

The  besieged,  s<.'oi;ig  this  raacliino  constantly  advance, 
and    having   no    ni^ans  of    prev^Mitlng    its    o[)oration — 


n 


»! 


1 


i 


>i  ■ 

''''■Si| 


if' 


N'.  Y.  t'ni.  Doc,  ix.,  ]ip.  irv)-!  ;  t':uui- 
ila  iiuc,  i.,  iv.,  [1.  :■(,,■),  .>.c'.  :  l>i'  In 
l'ct;ic':-i  ,  lli.-tniri'  d.i'  r.\ini'ri.|iu,' 
r^JIi'..,  ill  ,  I'l'.  ;'J-Sl);  l)>'clai;i;li.ii  of 
Sjlvauust  UavN,  .\ii..  ,,  Hist,  ('till  ,ili  , 


i..  pp.  101-113;  .Miitlicr's  .Mni,niu!iii, 
liook  .vii,  p.  7'i;  ^Viliis,  liist.  of 
I'.inUoi'l  ;  .Miiiiiij  H.  ('.,  i.,  jip.  '.'o:;  .1. 
•  I'rnilstiVL't  ti)  LrisliT,  iiu'nliDii.i 
tlii'  u.si'ol'liiicli  l.ark  to  llni  tlii'].lni'.,' 
()('iilia,i;liiiii'H  1).h;.  Jli.^t..  ii.,  p.  II';. 


"ill 


m 


mSToKV   (il-  NKW    FR.VNCF. 


\f'<i'\ 


I 


■iiii'i-;iiL£ii-ii 

ill'livr  Inn 

lllc  In  ri'- 

Ikvu  11. 


lliiiM'  who  |Misliiil  il  (111,  liciiii^'  I'dvcvi'd  l)_v  tlir  ticiu'li  • 
iiiisi  il  Iht^  wliiti)  tla^'.  Do  Poi'tncuf  then  told  tlu' (iovcriKir 
lliiit  lid  must  (Xiicct  no  coiiditions,  hut  HUiToudcr  as  a 
jirisoii  '!•  of  war,  uith  all  liis  f^'ai'risoii.  Scciii;.,'  no  altcriia- 
tivo,  tliat  oHiiU'r  at  oiico  maivliod  out  wilii  nil  his  knvo, 
aiiu»uiitiii^  to  seventy  men,  besides  women  and  cliildnn.' 

Hearcely  was  the  fort  evacuated,  when  I'oiir  Diitish  sails 
hove  in  sif^dit,  bearing',  as  was  subsequently  ascertained, 
troops  (o  relievo  Casjo;  imt  tliose  in  command  seeing'  no 
Jla,n'  living'  ill  any  of  tlu'  forts,  fidt  that  they  liad  come  too 
late  ;  that  if  they  had  force  enough  to  iielp  a  p;arriHon  hold 
a  fort,  they  had  not  enou<^di  to  besieyo  it ;  so,  after  wait- 
ing' ji  time  to  see  whether  any  sir'nals  were  made,  they 
determined  to  sail  olV.  On  Ills  side,  de  rortneuf  began 
by  seizing  all  that  suited  liim  in  tlio  forts,  then  sot  lliem 
on  In-e,  carried  olV"  the  cannon,  and  laid  in  ashes  every 
house  for  two  leagues  around." 

!\rost  of  the  prisoners  remained  in  tho  liands  of  the 
Indians;  the  Governor,  Captain  Denys,"  the  two  duugh- 
lers  of  his  liculeiiiiiit  wiio  was  kiileil  during  tin,'  siege,  and 
some  of  tlio  principal  olUccrs,  were  taken  to  (Quebec,'  wluch 


■;( 


'  l)f  Moiisi'iKiiat,  Hclfilinii,  &c., 
1(!8!)  !(0  :  N.  Y.  Cnj.  Doc,  ix.,  i>.  4T;i ; 
•  'aliiulil  Dni'.,  II  .  v.,  p.  Il',>  :  l.i- 
rk'ifii,  ii.,  \>.  o'.li). 

•'  ('liiili'Vi)ix  evidently  iiiisiniiitH 
"  c'lilivci' "  I'nr  "  clmirr."  Thry  coiiNt 
imi  curry  nll'iU"  cimu  )ii.  wIi'm'Ii  wpi'i.' 
hpiUi'l  (N.  Y.  fill.  Due,  is.,  1'.  IT;!), 
iiiiil  llirown  iiilotlii'  Hca.  l,c('l('rn|, 
ii..  p.  :!'j:!;  Itrlalinii,  UMI  tlO;  .\.  V. 
(.'nl.  Dnc,  ix.,  'ir;!. 

'  Lo  Clercii  eavb  two  liuiiiln'il 
houses.  Brailstri'i't  m>.'ntiou3  tlu'ii' 
fallinu'  oil  NVclls  and  Kittcry.  N.  \'. 
Doc.  Ili.^^t..  ii.,  i>.  II.;. 

•*  'rii(>  cimniaiuliT  ni'  tin'  fort  was 
C'liplaiii  Sylvi'iius  l)avis,  who  had 
HUccicdi'd  Cajit.  Wiilard.  His  Dic 
lanaion  (.Mass.  llisi.  Coll..  III.,  i.. 
PH   llU-lO'i),  giM'^  111"  dull'  nl'  111" 


Rttnck,  Jfay  Ki;  and  th'  Hiirn'iulc'r, 
Jhiy  20,  iliUO,  O.  S.  Sue.  al.^o, 
.Mathi'r'rt  Mat^nalin.ii.,  p.  'ii\.  Davis 
bclonjfcil  to  one  ol' till'  oldest  I'.imilics 
in  Maini'.  He  was  at  Slieepscit  in 
1(1.")0.  and  was  wounded  in  llie  Iniliun 
wai-  of  KiTii,  at  Arrowsicli  (Cliurcli's 
Indian  Wni',  ii.,  p.  \ll).  He  seltled 
at  l'"alinoiith  in  l(is(),  and  liuilt  a 
t-awniill  till  •■e.  He  was  a  prisoner 
at  Quebec  IVoin  May  loOct.  1.5,  Ui'.Mi. 
On  his  return,  ho  bocnmo  Councillor 
lor  Sagadahoc,  in  ICOl ;  and,  nfler 
irpen<rmg  his  latter  (hiys  at  Hull, 
Mas.s.,  died  in  1701.  N.  V.  Col.  Doc. 
ix.,  p. -IS!)  ;  Maine  Hist.  Coll.,  i.,  p. 
'Md  ;  Church'.'S  In  iiaii  WanDexter'ii 
ed.).  ii.,  p.  I  I. 

'  l,e  Cien-(|.  lO-ilalill.sneluont   de  la 
I'ol,  ii.,  p.  o'.lo. 


,\fi 


s 


( 


inSTuU\    (IK    NKW  FRVNCK 

vln  PortiR'uf  ruachcil  ou  i  hf  'J:J(1  of  Juiu\  after  twi'iity-tlireu 
vlays'  nmivli.  Ont>  of  his  Froudimon  had  uii  ari/i  iii-okoa 
ill  tlio  tiviK  liL'.-;,  iiiul  I'll  liiiliuii  f.;ot  u  uniskct-IiiiH  tin  )ii;,'li 
Ills  ana.'  Tliis  w-.v-i  all  lliut  liis  Inilliaiu  cumjUw'.slcDhl :  L-jt 
tlu'ii  lie  IkuI  uolhiu^i,',  huvo  the  glory  (. I'  lia.-iug  'lisplayed 
great  vtihir  aiul  skill.  Mos-sieurs  Horti  1,  do  Courtoi  laucln.', 
and  all  the  voluntooi's,  also  disstinguishcd  thciusclvos,  and 
thv.  Imli.ui:-.  roudfri'd  oNccllont  survicc' 

Itcstoi'iu;^'  tho  iTputatiou  of  tho  rr>'iich  anus  was  not, 
in  itself,  sutliciout  to  roassuro  oiu-  allies.  It  was  uccossarv, 
moreover,  to  put  them  ill  a  position  onablliiLfthoia  to  diHiieiisi! 
with  Kii,L;lisli  trad'',  and  to  be  free  iVoia  fi'ar  of  any  rIVorts 
of  tile  Inxjuois.  FnmttMiae  tlioiii^iil  of  i'vwy  thing  at  ouco; 
and,  wlu'ii  dc  Pdi'tnctif  rcaelied  (^)iiebof',  it  was  a,  nnnith 
after  tjji'  dt  partnrr  from  Montreal  for  Aliidiilliniakiimo, 
of  a  f;reat  convoy,  undi  r  tho  direction  of  the  Sienr  d.-  la 
Porte  Jjouvi^e:ny,heeoi',  led  captain,  acooiu[)aiiii'd  by  Nicholas 
Perrot  :  the  latter  ii"aring  i>ivsonts  from  the  (rovernor- 
(Jencu'al  for  the  Indians  ;  tho  former  to  remain  at  Michilli- 
makiiiac  as  Commandants.^ 

There  was  nothing  to  bo  said  against  this  select imi. 
Mr.  do  Louviguy'  Avas  one  of  the  most  accomplished 
otficcrs  then  in  New  Franco  ;  Ijut  men  were  somewhat  sur- 
prised to  see  the  General,  without  any  i)rctext,  recall  Mr. 
<le  la  Durantaye.  whose  Avisdoni  and  lirmncss  liad  retained 
for  the  King  all  the  aib/ancod  posts  in  most  critical  times, 
and  who  luul  lived  then:  in  most  perfect  disinterestedness. 


lU? 


I  (iC)0. 


(iliUL    cull 
Vl>\     :.l'lll 

loMiihil 
lllii:ilkiiiii(;. 


KniiU  of 
Mr.  ,|c.  Ill 

Duriiiitayo. 

Hlsciil'jcy, 


'  Tlirouprh  tbc  li'g.  Di  laPotln'iii-, 
lii.,  1).  81  ;  Hfliuion,  Uiyj-Dl)  ;  :>.  Y. 
Col.  Doc  ,  ix.,  \i.  IT:;. 

-  La  IlDiitiin,  Voyages,  ii.,  :2U!,  in  a 
Joosc',  iunccuruu'  account  of  this  ex- 
[ifdition,  iimkcs  I'lL'  I'ortiiput',  with 
thi-cr  liuiiilr.'ii  iiit'ii.  tiiKc  KciiilitUi. 

^  Mciiisoi'^'uui,  lu'liiiioii  do  ro  (lui 
a'est  pasKi',  lObJ-UO;  X.  Y  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  p.  47U:  I'limtfiuic's  Di.-iiiatcli, 
Nov.  20,  101)0  (Tuilliuii's  Perrot,  p. 
■'fUIi).  Tlie  latter  dncvaiient  caHs 
Vol,   lV_]fi. 


hiiu  Loiiviirijy  di!  la  I'ortc.    Do  m 
i'dthiric,    ili^toirc    dc    rAmeiiqilo 

Si'pt.,  iii„  ji.  ■; !. 

*  Lii.<t  in  lliL>  wivck  of  th<'  Clm. 
inrau,  in  ITiu,  when  (jovcnior  olrot 
oi' Throo  Hivcrs.  t'hdrkvuir.  liuho 
W  i.-^''ii)siii  Ili.st.  ('(ill.,  w.  p.  lus, 
tlii'n-  is  a  ^lii'tcli  of  Li. 111.,  lir  la 
l\)rtL',  Siuur  ilo  Louvigny,  by  L.  (.'. 
Diaper,  Esq.  IIo  coiiniiiuided  iit 
Mackinaw,  li;fi0-4 :  mi  I'i)rt  Frmi 
teiui'',  l<i9',t. 


''I 

M 

I*)   i 


4 


138 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


ill 


1   ^' 


I  ,4  n 


1690.  Some  attributed  his  disgrace  to  the  fact  that  lie  niain- 
^— ">  tainod  too  good  an  nnderstauding  with  the  iiiis.iionarics  ;; 
and  it  is  certain  tliat  tliis  concert,  deemed  !>}■  tlie  Marquis 
de  Denouville  so  vital  to  the  good  of  th  i  service,  and  un- 
doubtedly of  inestimable  importance  to  the  progressof  reli- 
gion, was  not  to  the  taslo  of  Mr.  deFroutcnae.  Tiloreover, 
merit  too  generally  applauded,  and  the  ])urest  virtue,  give 
umbrage  to  many,  and  always  raise  up  the  envious,  who 
rarely  let  slip  au  opportunity  of  ruining  those  v.lio  over- 
shadow tliem,  and  are  at  no  loss  for  an  occasion,  when 
they  have  to  deal  with  superiors  liable  to  prejudice. 
This  Mr.  de  ^a  Durantaye  experienced,  to  his  sorrow.  AVlth 
merit  of  evei-y  kind  that  can  raise  a  gentleman  to  military 
honors,  and  al'ter  rendering  essential  service  to  Xeu 
Franco,  he  never  attained  a  higher  rank  than  he  bore 
Av.lien  ho  came.'  Forced,  in  his  latter  days,  to  leave  the 
army,  ho  entered  the  magistracy,"  where  he  was  distin- 
guished for  his  integrity;  but,  relentlessly  pursued  by 
misfortune,  he  died  in  poverty,  leaving  to  his  children 
only  a  noble  example  and  gentle  birth,  with  nothing  to 
maintain  it.^ 
Tho  con-  De  Louviguy's  convoy  was  escorted  by  one  hundred  and 
cd  by  the  forty-tlirec  Freuchmeu,many  of  whom  eagerly  embraced  the 
"''  opportunity  to  go  for  furs  Mhich  tliey  had  in  tlie  store- 
houses of  Michillimakinac,  but  had  been  unable  to  bring 
down,  for  fear  of  Irocjuois  war  parties.  Six  Indians  also 
embarked  M'ith  them  ;  and  a  detachment  of  thirty  men, 
commanded  by  Captain  d'Hosta  and  Lieutenant  de  la 
Gemcraye,  was  ordered  to  escort  tin  ix  for  thirty  leagues." 


'  IIo  was  .1  ciiiit.iin  in  the  C'arigiiun 
Salirro:i  i'i.':;iuK'ii',.     Churb'roLr. 

'  Ho  (lied  a  (.'ouncillor  in  the  Su- 
perior Council  of  Queljci .     lb. 

'  Olivier  ^lorel  ile  In  Durnntayp, 
wns  born  at  Notre  Diuiie  du  d'iiure, 
Nantes.  In  lOTO  lie  iiinrrieil  Franre.s 
Dunuet.  llis  ilesccmltinls,  who  are 
many,  are  spoUrn  of  in  terms  of 
culopy  by  Ferland.  ii ,  p.  20^. 


*  Monscigunt,  Relation  de  ee  qui 
B'est  piisse,  1089-nO;  N.  V.  Tol. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  1T() ;  De  la  I'otherie, 
Ilistoire  <Ie  I'Amerique  Sept.,  iii., 
pi>.  Tl-3.  They  were  to  escort  them 
as  fur  as  the  Calumets,  on  thu  Ot- 
tawa, sixty  leagues  from  Montreal, 
(lb.)  Frontenai:'s  dispatch,  Nov.  20, 
KiOO.  savB  in  nil  one  hundred  an''- 
seventy  men. 


}^ 


HISTORY  Of  NEW    [-HaNCE. 


139 


They  set  out'  May  22,  and,  tlit>  u;>xt  day,'  discovered  "i;o. 
two  Indian  canoes  at  a  place,  called  Los  Chats.  D'llosta  ""■ 
and  de  Louvigny,  concluding  that  tluy  were  not  alono,  sent 
thirty  men  in  ihrci;  canoes,  and  sixiy  by  land,  to  surround 
the  enemy  on  all  sides.  'J'jie  iirst  I'J'.rty  fell  into  an  aiul)us_ 
cade  ;  and,  al  tlie  outset,  received  a.  ueavy  lire,  almost  at  the 
luuzzie  :  the  Iroquois,  whom  they  eould  not  see,  picking 
their  men,  and  aiming  surely.  lu  ue  la  Gemeraye's  canoe, 
the  first  that  attempted  to  lai'd,  tLtn-e  were,  after  tlie  iirst 
volley,  only  two  men  left  unwounded.' 

Louvigny  v/as  in  despair  to  see  his  men  thus  slaughtered,  Def  at  of 
■without  his  being  able  to  help  them  ;  for  Perrot,  whom  ho  iroji'iois. 
had  express  orders  to  obey  on  the  way,  would  not  permit 
hiiu  to  advance,  for  fear  of  risking  the  presents  in  his 
charge.  At  last,  however,  he  yieLljd  to  the  imtreaties  of 
the  Commandant  and  Mr.  d'Hosia.  They  at  once  put 
themselves  at  the  head  of  fifty  or  sixty  men,  and  rushed 
upon  the  enemy;  the  attack  was  so  sudden  and  so  well- 
timed,  that  thirty  Iroquois  were  lulled,  several  woun(h-Hl, 
aud  some  taken ;  the  rc^st  with  diiticulty  reached  their 
canoes,  and  escaped.  'I'his  party  consisted  of  thirteen 
canoes,  and  its  defeat  j.'oduced  a  good  effect." 

Messrs.  d'Hosta  aud  do  la  Gemeraye'  havinu  soon  after 


'  FrDiii  the  u[i])(Ton(l  of  Montroal 
Island.     N.  Y.  Col.  Uoc.  ix.,  p.  4rO. 

-  Juno  2.  (lb.)  De  la  I'otlicrii'  says 
tlicy  halted  bolciw  Le.s  Chats,  twelve 
days  alter  :^'arting-  (iii.,  p.  T.j). 

=  Four  wrr.'  killed.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  I>.  -ITl;  De  la  I'otherie, 
iii.,  7.).  Belmont,  Histoire  dii  Ca- 
nada, p.  32,  iri  a  brief  uotice,  says 
they  lost  live  nun,  and  nieiuious 
only  ten  lroi|uois  as  killed.  Le 
Clerei).  F.tablisseraent  de  la  Foi,  ii., 
p.  o8(i,  gives  the  wholu  loss  in  the 
action  as  seven. 

••  Four  prisoners  were  taken  :  two 
men  and  two  women.  Only  foiu-  of 
the  tli)rte(!n  ranoes  escaped.     N.  Y. 


C-oI.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  471  ;  De  laPotherie, 
iii.,  p.  70, 

'  Cliristo;)her  Dufrost  de  Lajeni- 
morais  was  a  Breton  pentleman  (nnn 
Medri'ae,  in  the  diocese  of  St.  Mi  o, 
where  the  family  still  subsists.  'I'ho 
fie!',  which  gave  them  name,  seems 
to  bo,  properly.  I.a  (iesmcrais.  Tie 
was,  at  first, midshipman  at  Kocho- 
fort,  and  cam.-  over,  in  lOsT,  as  en- 
sign. He  ros,',  by  his  valor,  to  a 
lieutenancy,  and  was  made  coni- 
nuuulant  of  Fort  Front(  nac  in  1097. 
lie  died  in  170S.  By  lii.s  wite,  Mary 
Renee  de  Varenue-;,  gran<i-daughter 
of  Peter  Bouclier,  of  'J'hrec  Rivers, 
ho  had  six  children,  tiie  most  distin- 


i  hi 


m 

> '  ,1 


,1  ■ 

.j'l 

I'; 


«■ 


.1' 


I  )| 


il  i !•■*•' 


n 


140 


L'SJTOHY    OF   NEW  FRANCE. 


1690. 


r' 


f  ( 


i  s 


I       -'v 


Pprlidv 
cf  tlic 


returned  to  Moutreal,'  from  that  point  ilispatclied  one  of 
tlicir  prisoners  to  tho  Coiuit  do  Frontenac,  avLo  resigned 
liini  to  Ouroouliarc,  wlio  was  (juitc  touched  by  tiiis  mark 
of  coulidencc.  Another  was  taken  to  Michilliiaaldnae,  and 
given  u})  to  the  Ottawas,  ■who,  to  show  the  new  Comman- 
dant that  tliey  had  no  farther  thouglit  of  m;d<in;.,'  any 
terms  with  tlie  Iro(iuois,  burned  him.  This  change  wan. 
tiie  result  of  our  victories,  of  which  the  convoy  bore  tho 
tidings  to  tiie  Indians  at  a  time  when  tlieir  ambassadors 
Avero  preparing  to  set  out  to  put  tlic  finishing  stroke  to  an 
irrevocable  treaty  with  the  Iroquois  nation. 

But  when  they  beheld  tlieFrencli  coming,  victorious  over 
all  their  enemies,  loaded  with  merchandise,  and  in  suffi- 
cient numbers  to  inspire  them  witii  conlulence  against  any 
attempi  of  the  [rociuois;— then,  charmed  with  the  presents 
delivered  to  them  by  Pcrrot,  who  knew  admirably  how  to 
make  the  most  of  them, — they  became  more  attached  tlnin 
ever  to  our  interests,  and  were  not  slow  in  giving  us. 
unmistakable  proofs.  One  hundred  and  ten  canoes,  loaded 
with  a  hundred  thousand  crowns'  worth  of  furs,  and  manned 
h\  over  three  hundred  Indians,  of  all  the  Northern  nations, 
soon  after  sot  out  for  Montreal,"  where  they  found  tlio 
Count  de  Frontenac,  who  had  come  up  to  l)e  nearer  at 
hand  in  defending  tJuit  settlement  from  a  threatened  inva- 
sion. 

All  hope  of  peace  with  tho  Iroquois  had  vanislied.  Wi^ 
have  .^(H>n  that  these  savages  had  arrested  the  Cluivalior 
d'Eau,"  and  the  French  wiio  accompanied  Iiim,  although 
the  Governor-General,  in  deputing  that  olticer  to  Onon- 


guisheil  of  wii)i)i  was  Mary  Mai'OT-  in    Ifi!/!.      Charlevoix,    il.,   \h  104; 

ret,  wlio,  alti  r  tho  death  of   her  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  14,  p.  o2'2. 

hushaiui,    Francis   You  d'Youville,  '-'  Do    Monso'jrnat,   liolation,  &c. ; 

son  of  <nio  of  La  Sallo'H  coiuijaiiions.  N.  Y'.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  pp.  4T1-8;    Le 

i'onndotl   tho   Sistors   nf  Charity  at  Clorc').  ]';tabli-^s(nn(  nt  lio  la  I'oi.  ii.. 

Montri'nl,  called  Siours  Cirisoe,  and  liSli,  AUii  h'n  ;    i'"ro.itoDac'.s  d;si>'itch, 

a  General   Hospital.     Sec  Faillon,  Canada  Doc,   II..  v.,  ]).  110;   Po  la 

Vie    do    ]\[adamo    d'Youville,   8".,  Potliorio,  iii.,  id. 'Jl,  says  fivo  hund- 

pp.  1-0.  red  Indians. 

'  D'lTosta  was  killed  pt  Ln  Prairie,  '  See  note  next  pa<^e. 


fl 


i 


I 


m 


HISTORY   UK  NEW   FKANCE. 


Ul 


irl, 


s 


daga,  intended  to  giY(?  tlisit  canton  .1  mark  of  confidence 
Mliicli  should  have  iluttered  it.'  Tlicy  did  more:  they  sent 
him  to  New  York,'  to  couviuco  tlie  Eiigllsli  th;it  they  were 
very  far  from  any  reconeiliajion  willi  tlie  French.  In  Ihic, 
llicy  carried  perluly  so  iar  as  to  viohite  the  hxw  of  nations  : 
tliey  bnrned  two  of  the  i''renclimou  who  accompanied  tliat 
olhcer.'  i  do  not  k)io\v  wluit  prcveuteil  the  autliorities  in 
Canada  fi'om  lea^ni!l^'  this  treacliery  at  once  ;'  but  tliey 
soon  susjiected  that  tlie  cantons  were  bent  on  prosecuting 
the  war;  and  the  Governor-General,  without  delay,  took 
precautious  to  prevent  a  surprise.  He  gave  wise  orders 
for  the  security  of  the  districts  most  exposed  to  the  ravages 
of  these  Indians  ;  and,  for  this  purpose,  he  formed  two 
detachments  of  jiis  best  troops :  the  lirst,  intended  to 
watch  the  southern  bank  from  Montreal  to  the  >Sorel  liiver, 
was  commanded  by  the  Chevalier  de  Clermont,  seconded 
ca])taiu  ;  the  second,  which  was  to  put  in  a  safe  position 


i6go. 


'  Aiuf,  p.  r,i. 

"  Le  Clerei|.  KlablissLiiieiit  di^  la 
Foi,  ii.,  p.  10!'.  La  Ilontau  iinvir- 
rectly  says  l!>  Boston.  \'oya,i:v^,  i., 
p.  200. 

-  t'hampigiiy's  dispatdi,  May  10, 
IC.Ol  ;  N.  Y.  (.'ol.  Doc,  ix.,  pp.  411!!, 
50.i ;  uiul  La  Ilontaii,  Voyagt's,  i., 
p.  20(!,  Ray  they  burned  nil  f  I'.c.  ( 'Iicv- 
alii.'i-'s  companion:. — th:it  is  Colin 
and  two  others.  Lo  ('lere(|,  Etab- 
lihseiiient  de  la  Foi,  ii.,  p.  -tOl,  re)i- 
resentu  them  all  as  taken  uninjured 
to  Is'ew  York.  Smith,  liicitory  of 
Is'ew  Y'oik,  p.  08,  says  the  Chevalier 
nud  the  rcfct  of  the  Vn  nch  lne:^^:en■ 
gers  were  treated  with  the  utmost 
in(li;.'-nity,  and  afterward  given  up 
to  the  Enl;■!i^^l.  Frontenae,  in  his 
dispateli  to  Pontchartrain,  ilay  10, 
lUUl  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  40,")). 
ppeaks  of  two  of  the  French  as 
killed,  lielraont  ,say.s  Colin  was 
burned  and  Bouviat  killed  (.Ilistoiro, 
p.  32).    The  Relation  de  or  qui,  &-c, 


10!)0-1  (X.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix..  p.  .jIG), 
on  apparently  delinite  intt'Uigence, 
gay.s  (.ne  was  liurned  at  Seneca,  one 
at  Unondnira,  and  that  one  died  of 
h-iekness  at  .'doliawk.  Nevertheles?, 
Duplanty,  a  soldier,  was  given  up 
as  one  of  his  party.  (lb.,  p.  ."iS'i.i  Tlio 
Chevalier  d'Aux  was  given  up  to 
Leish-r'.s  envoys,  apjiarently  in 
May.  (Leisler,  iu  N.  V.  Doc  Hist., 
ii.,  p.  i;;8.)  lie  V.-P.S  at  Xew  York  in 
.June,  (,1b.,  p.  I.jO.)  lie  is  said  to  have 
been  sent  subsequently  to  lioston. 
lie  escaped  in  August,  10!!',',  and 
reached  ( 'anada.  (X.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  is., 
pp.  .j;io-.54:l.)  His  name  is  given  as 
d'i^au,  d'O,  d'Au.  Ferland,  Cours 
d'Hi^'.oire,  ii.,  p.  I'.iS,  give.-i  it,  from 
his  aiitograi)h,  d'Aux.  He  wrote  an 
accoinit  of  his  embassy  and  cajrtivity. 
■■  They  made  efl'irts  to  capture 
Iroquois  with  this  view.  (N.  Y".  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  4S2.)  They  did  not  learn 
till  April,  1091,  by  the  arrival  ol 
two  Mohawks.    lb.,  p.  -WO. 


% 

m 


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1 

■»*i' 

a 

1 

1 

SI 


I 


fi. 


*  It . '  '^ 


i  'i 


.  V. 
IS.1 


I 


/  . 


142 


HISTORY   OF   NKW  rilAN'CE. 


16 ;o.  fill  tlic  it'sc  nf  t'lc  couiilrv,  lis  far  us  the  capitul,  was  UDilcr 
■— > — '  tho  orders  of  the  Chevalier  do  la  Motte,  also  a  seconded 
captain.  Tho  Chevalier  de  Clermont,  on  rcachiiig  tho 
nioutli  of  tlie  river,  learned  that  some  boys,  while  fjuardinp; 
cattle,  had  been  carried  oil"  by  the  Iro([uois:  ho  pursued 
them,  rescued  tho  boys,  except  one,  whom  the  .savages  had 
k  !'.cd  at  once,  because  he  could  not  keep  up  with  them.' 
Nc\y  hostil-  At  the  samo  time,  auotlicr  party  of  Iro([Uois,  having 
their  part,  desceudcd  on  tlie  Island  of  Montreal  by  Dcs  Prairies  llivei, 
was  discovered  by  a  settler,  who  gave  uotico  to  the  Sieur 
Colombet,  a  secoiuled  lieutenant.  That  oilicer  at  once 
collected  twenty-live  men,  and  hastened  in  pursuit  of  the 
euemj-,  who  advanced  half-way  to  meet  him.  Tlie  Iroquois, 
beiug  mucli  sujierior  in  numbers,  charged  (ho  Freucli 
with  great  resolution.  Colombet  was  left  on  the  ilelu,  witii 
some  of  his  men;  but  the  Iroquois  lost  tweuty-livo.'''  Some 
days  before,  another  troop  of  these  Indians  hud  carried 
oil"  fifteen  or  sixteen  women  and  children,  near  T.u'ki'.ncourt 
River.  Tliey  were  pursued ;  but  the  onlj- efl'ect  was  that 
tlie  savages,  to  facilitate  their  escape,  Imtchere.l  ;'.!]  tin  ir 
prisoners.' 

In   line,  there  u'as  no  security  anywhere ;  and  a  con- 
siderable part  of   the   huul  coulil  nt;t  be  soMcd,  jnoduc- 
ing  a  very  great  fiMiiino  the  next  y(>ai-  througho;;t   l!ie 
colony. 
Arriviii  of  ;i      lu  tho  vcrv  height  01  tlieso  alarms,  on  the  18th  of  August, 

LTcat  ion-    .1        ,,•  11      ,.1  •  11  1  i  1'      ,    r 

vov  from    the  bicur  ilc  la  Lluissaiuue,   who  eommaiulec.  at  .L'orL  Jja 

Mioailliinn- ■ ■ 

Icinac. 


'  Dp    Monscigiiiit,    Hrliiticni,  &o. ; 
N.  Y.   Col,   Do.'.,   ix.,  p.  474.     Tlii., 
iiidiiin  piu'ty   comiirisod   one  Kng- 
lislnimu     I'roni    Albniiy,    who    was    Ilistoi 
killed,  and  liis  commission  taken.         I'.  S'3. 

■  De   Mon.^-,'i.ij;iia!,  HeUitiou,    &c.  ; 


It    eiuptiep   i.pposito   Tiirei'   Kiver^. 

Di' .MonseigniLl,  Relation.  &e.  :  N.  \. 

Col.  Doc,  is.,  ji.  474  ;  De  la  Potherie, 

du   rAuierimii.'    Sept.,  iii., 

■*  Joh     Bouillet,  Sieur  de  hi  ('lias- 

N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  ]).  4T4;  Uc  la  saiijne,  captain  of  a  company  in  tie 

Potherie,  Hist,  do  l'Ain('ri(|iic  Sept.,  marine  serviee,  was  irom  Parny,  in 

iii.,  p.  So  ;  I.e  Clere(|,  Ktablisseinent  the  County  o!'  Cliarolais.    (Ferland, 

de  la  I'o',  ii.,  p.  liO!).     The  French  ii.,  p. 'JiO;    N.  Y.  C  il.   Doc,  ix.,  p. 

lost  twelve  men.     The  action  took  41^.)     In  ITd'J  he  wus  sent   to  the 

place  ot  Pointe  an  Tremble.  relief   of  Chambly,   (lb.,   8:>4.)     In 

'ThnriverwnHll, en  c:\lbd  Pnp.nto.  1727  ho  was    Oovernor    of    Throe 


.  1: 


^1 


inSTuiiY   OF  NKW    r-'HANfE. 


143 


Chine,  was  iiiforiued  ;hat  u  flotilla  of  caiioos  had  appear.jil     1690. 

on  J.ake  St.  Louis.     Tiiere  was  scarcely  a  doubt  but  that  ' < — 

they  Avcro  Iroquois  ;  and  Mr.  do  Fronteuae,  who  had  been 
for  three  weeks  at  Montreal,  was  already  niviuM  orders  to 
notify  the  settlers  in  the  country  parts  to  retire  to  the 
forts,  when  Tilly,  Sionr  do  I'lsle,  came  in,  assurin-  them 
that  it  was  tho  groat  convoy  from  Michillimakinac,  already 
mentioned.' 

The  joy  everywhere  was  intense,  and  proportioned  to 
tlK)  alarm  at  first  occasioned.  The  little  fleet  arrived  at 
Montreal,  and  a,  as  welcomed  with  the  acclamations  of  the 
whole  city.  On  tJie  22d,  the  General  i^^ave  public  audience 
to  all  the  chiefs ;  they  .spoke  quite  well,  and  seemed  to  be 
111  the  most  favorable  disposition  in  ret,'ard  to  the  actual 
position  of  aliairs.^  On  the  following  day  trading  began  • 
but  it  was  soon  interrupted  by  La  Plaque,  an  IroVoiJi  of 
Sauit  St.  Louis,  and  nephew  of  the  great  :Xroluuvk. 

He  had  been  sent  on  a  scout  toward  Albany;  and,  while 
returning  to  report  what  he  had  seen,  lie  halted  an  eighth 
of  a  league  from  the  spot  where  the  Ottawas  and  o"ther 
Indians  were  encamped,  and  carrying  on  'neir  trade.  He 
took  it  into  his  head  to  give  several  death-veils.  The 
Indians,  supposing  the  enemy  was  at  hand,  ran  to  arms  ; 
but  when,  after  some  time,  they  saw  nothing,  regained 
confidence,  and  rcsum-xl  their  trade. 

Meanwhile,  La  Plaque  entered  the  town,  and  told  de  Fro„to,mc 
I' rontenac  that  he  had  discovered,  on  the  banks  of  Lake  of"'?!';""!,, 


St.  Sacremeut,'  a  whole  army,  engaged  in  building  canoes  ;  all^Ku'ibi, 

and  Ii-o- 
quois  army. 


tiiat  he  had  repeatedly  approached  them  to  endeavor  to    "'"' ''"- 


make  some  prisoners,  but  always  in  vain  ;  and  that,  before 

Kivers  (!b    990);  and  wa,.  Rent  to  ■  De  Mon.seignat,    Relation,    &e.. 

Crovmior   Uurn..t,  of   Xew  Yo.-k,  to  1089-00;  N.  Y.  Col.  Do.    iv    ,,  478  ■ 

rom.nstrato  a.ain.t  Imiklin^  a  fi.rt  IV  la  Pothon:.,  Histoin:  '.^oVAu,^'- 

o^2::r';]^'t^ '''-' 'T1' "  '•'''"''  '"•^'- "'  •  ''''•  ''-'■  ^— « 

t/-10   n      f        '"''•    ^'■■•'•■^"''■»'  ""'='1«'-   ^^■■-    LcCl.rc<,,ii.,,,.401. 

I).  4W.  t  harlovoix  b  noto  here  says  :  '  August  2',> 

••  Ifc  (lied  fJov.irnor  of  Montreal."  «  Lake  Gporge. 


■     K    m 

M 
m 


v;  4 


i 


u 


Ik  I 


a: .    1 1 


1    { 


i 


H 


i    .    'V 


144  niSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

1 690.  Milliilrawiug,  he  had  taken  three  "  cassott'tos"  to  a  cabin,  to 
tell  the  enemy  that  tliey  were  discovered,  as  Avell  as  to  d(>fy 
tliom.'  La  Phique  was  a  bravo  lunii— a  very  indii'l'cicnt 
Cliristiai),  tliough  warmly  attached  to  tlie  Frencli.  1  have 
spolcen  of  liim  elsewhere,  and  have  mentioned  that  he 
was  a  lieutenant  in  our  army."  It  was,  accordingly, 
deemed  ini[)ossiblG  to  doubt  the  sincerity  of  his  repf)rt ; 
and  the  Cfcneral  judged  it  his  duty  to  neglect  nothing  to 
put  the  Governnu-nt  of  Montreal  in  a  state  of  defense. 

His  first  thought  was  as  to  means  of  retaining  his  allies 
near  him :  lie  gave  them  nuirks  of  great  friendshij) ;  regaled 
them  with  profusion;  then  told  them  all,  in  a  geiu'ral 
assciubly,  that  he  was  charmed  with  the  disposition  in 
which  he  behehl  them,  to  make  neither  peace  nor  truce 
witli  the  Iroquois ;  that  they  could  no  longer  doubt  his 
own  resolution  to  pursue  them  without  relaxation,  till  he 
had  brought  them  humbly  to  ask  peace  at  his  haiuls ; 
that,  moreover,  he  wished  them  to  rest  assured  that  ho 
woidd  not  grant  tin  Iroquois  peace,  exce]it  on  conditions 
cqualh'  advantageous  to  th(!  French  and  their  allies,  since 
both  were  equally  his  children. 

He  then  added  that  ho  believed  them  too  brave,  and  too 
sincerely  attached  to  himself,  to  leave  him  on  the  eve  ol' 
his  being  attacked  by  an  army  of  their  common  meniies  ; 
and  that  the  only  point  to  be  considered  was  whethei'  it 
would  be  most  expedient  to  advance,  and  meet  this  ami}', 
or  sternly  await  their  coming.  Then,  without  giving  them 
time  to  answer,  he  performed  the  ceremony  of  puttuig  the 
hatchet  in  tiieir  hands,  saying  that  he  was  well  assured 


'  Dc  Monscignat,  ReUition.  &c.  ; 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  1).  !TS  ;  D.'  l.a 
Potherie,  Ilistoirc  dc  rAiin'ri<iue 
Sept.,  iii.,  ]).  90.  They  (>xi)].iin  "  ciis- 
Botutes  "  us  clubf!  (if  till'  siiapo  of  a 
cutl;^!^s,  on  which  they  iiialii'  ligures, 
showing  who  oominand.s  the  jiarty. 

•  La  Phiiiiio  in-obably  followed  his 
uncle  to  Canada.  His  father,  who 
remained  on  the  Mohawk,  La  Plaqiu' 


once,  in  buttle,  was  about  to  kill, 
when  he  recognized  him.  (Charle- 
voix, Journal,  p.  IIOO.)  lie,  at  first, 
lived  iiniong  the  French  ;  was  a  line, 
well-formed  man,  and  received  a 
lieutenant's  commission;  but  went 
back  to  the  Indian  life.  He  was  so 
dissolute,  that,  at  the  Sault,  it  was 
at  one  time  proiwsed  to  put  him  to 
death     (lb.,  ;B2-3.) 


t       1 


IIt:H 


i 


lllsrolJV    OF  XKW     l-ltANCK. 

thcv  WDiiid  use  it  well.  'v  did  iiol  even  dociu  it  hcncilii 
lii-;  di,i;iiiiv  lo  lif^du  to  sing  his  Aviu-soug,  tomaliinvk  in 
IuuhI  :  wishing,  in  tliis  w.iy,  to  sliow  tiicni  tliat  it  was  his 
intention  to  combat  at  thcif  head.  Anv  thing  Ijccomes  u 
man  wlio  knows  liow  to  do  cvci  v  thing  with  dignity,  and  in 
soiison.  Tiio  Indians  were  enciiantrd  witli  (he  conduct  of 
th(!  Count  d(!  Fi'oidoi  ac,  and  re|ilicd  onJy  liy  acohui.ations, 
wliich  assniud  liim  of  tiicir  consent.' 

On  the  -I'.hh  of  Aiign.st,  tJio  Chevalier  de  Ck'rmonl,  who 
had  n  cei\ed  order.s  to  ascend  tiie  .Sorel  JtiviT,  in  oider  to 
Nvatcli  the  enemy,  arrived  at  Moidreal,  and  repoited  that  Jio 
hail  perceived  a  very  large  force  on  J.ake  Cliahii)kihi,  and 
thai;  he  Jiad  even  l)een  ])iirsued  to  Clnuid_)ly.  Tiieriaqion, 
tlie  signals  were  given  (o  a^;.■,enlble  the  regulars  and  militia.' 


US 

\(h)0. 


An-iM5 

Ml 

Miiruiwil. 


'  Dr   MuMM'ijrnnt,    lli'lation,   kc,  niul  the  fiv  Nations,  one  tlu.iisnnd 

N.  Y.  l'..l.  D.ic,  ix.,   p.  4TS;  IV  In  cifrhi    hmulivd    mid    t«ciity   iiu'ii. 

I'othri-i;',    ili.^toirc    <1,'    l'Am,'il,iiie  (J.ci^lcr  to  Slircw.-biiry,  S.Y.  Col. 

Soiit.,  iii.,  l.;^  !lG-7.  !)..,■.,  iii.,  p.  :rA.)     Vovinn,  •„  uttucli 

■III.    SinuuL-i'ly  ciioiidi,  the  wii-ly  on  Cas-o  (•oihih>'I(i1    .M.H^aclmsriis 

Niw  Vorl;   liistoi'ians  arc  entirely ni  ami   J'ly.nontli  to  ivtain  tlieir  men 

t'anlt   in  n'::aril   to  tills  ex|ie(lilion.  at  lioine  (il.,,  p,  7,>r) ;  Inn  i  In' others 

Sniitli,  In   Ills  Ilisiory  or.Xew  Voi'U,  pivjiaivd   l.i    talie    the    liekl.      Th.j 

alhiiieri  to  it   merely  in  a   unte   (]i.  Wesiei-n   li-o(|uoi>  were  to  nie  ■>  at 

'lit),  where  he  cites  the  Life  (.ri'liipps  I'ort  I. a  .Motte,  an  abandoned  I'lvneh 

iiiid  ('l;arlev(ax.  as  though  lu' knew  worli,  on    Lake   Ciiainplaiii    (X.    V. 

ofiioNew  i'cn'k  docninenls.  ('olden.  Col.  Doe.,  iv.,  ]i.  |'.i."e,  and   ;-o  ,]i,\v,i 

lli.slory    or    th(.    Fly,.    Nutioii.s.  S'-',  the   Sorel,    (.Milet,    l.'.'hition,   p.  lii.i 

London,    p.    i'.';,  I'oiil'oiind.-,    ii    with  The    Whiles,    with     the    .\l(ihauks. 

.■^Iiij<.r   Peter  Selaiyler'M  exiiedition,  Oneida.s,  and  .M.,liej;aiis.  uviv  appai 

.01  Ki'.ll.    'I'l.e  Freneh  aeeoiint.seanie,  ently  to  meet  at    Lake  li,'.,ri;e.  and 

ol   eoiirse.  iVom   scouts    and   Indian  tnarcli    i,_v    hind.     (.Milei.)      ())'   the 

-talenienis.   yet    are.   in     the  main,  invuuy.    the     I'leiich   aecimis    ::.\ 

"''"'■"'"■  lh:U    nine  litiiulrdl   took   t!ie    iield 

The    expedition    was  (Mie    toe.,.  (I  )e  la  I'utheiie,  iii.,  [.p.  l-2ij_7  •  X  Y 

op-rnle^uiti,     I'hipps-    epenitinns  Col.  Ho,  ,  ix.,  pp.  oLjLji  ■  and  .a' tie' 

again-t  (,>uc!,e,.,  by  atla-kin-  .M„ie  .^b,!la^vks,  Oneida.s,  iind   :\!oh.-ans 

'''''■•''■     "•'  t'"'    1^!   "f  -V'.iy,  PJjil,  a:,  .l;i,i,     ,]!,.,      'n,,.     s:,,,;,!)  p..,.      |',:.,,|  ,. 

i:i  •emeu,  u;iseni.-re,l  int.,  beluver,  out     i .;     lie-    We..i:Mn     IndiMe 

'■■■'^"-  •'"■!   ainh. grilles, ,:■  (■ i'ld.li.K  Ocm,  rmc  s  M-M,   !■,.!,■;..„ 

necticnl.  lV-i.i,,„iid   I'iyne.iH'i,  l,>  ]     j),,,,,,..  li,.,     n,,.,,„,     Sep.      -'", 

M-hieh     \,-,v    Inik    u,!.|,,    i■|nn;^^  hi'.o.     Hi..,     y,,..     ;      |,    "Olii-and 

V'" '"""''■"'  'i"''i:<''iiie.-lie„i,,,„e  Vii'le.  hif  in    ih.    ..„i;;ni,  r   !„ ht 

J"""li'''l  and  tinny  live;  H„so,n,.,ne  in    word   thai    thev  ,-„nl.l  nM   s.md 

'"""'"■'^^^"l-'^=>-''bm.a.h   ..;.,>.  i,„    ...,,v   ,;.,.^    (■,;;    i,,„.    „         ,,,-   , 
\<.i      l\-       ,0. 


ml 

r 

% 

!|t;l 


■'•ft  j 


I'  ■. 


'■i-< 


i  ■ 

H 


■  'I  k 


1 


146 


iriSTOKV  OF   NKW   FHANCE. 


1690, 


"    ^il 


)| 


'  ;;':r 


I    ':^ 


;  h    ' 


y 


i- 1; ' 


(il'illKl 

('liiiiuilini 

Us  c)|i('ni- 

tioiis. 


Early  oji  tli(!  iiiorniiij,'  of  tlio  '!1st,  tlic  ('t)niit  do  Frojitonac 
passed  over  to  La  Prairio  do  la  Ma.ndi'lciiu',  ■\vhirh  lio  had 
made  tlu!  ^•oiioral  nMidczvous ;  and  the  Indiana,  wlioin  I'o 
had  invited,  canio  into  tJKi  camp  in  flu^  eveninij,-,  not  leav- 
ing a  sin.^le  man  in  their  quarters  to  watch  their  f^'oods. 

The  next  (hiy  ho  revioM'od  his  army,  ■which  amounted  to 
twelve  hundred  men;  and,  in  the  afternoon,  some  fudians 
from  Sault  St.  Louis  invited  the  chiefs  of  t!ie  oUht  nations 
to  me<'t  at  tlie  tent  of  their  Father,  Onoiilhiu,  who  had  an 
important  communication  to  make  to  them.  They  came, 
and  -when  all  were  assembled,  Louis  Atherihata,  one  of  the 
most  intluential  ciiiefs  of  Sault  St,  Louis,  delivered  a  very 
line  address  in  the;  name  ot  all  tlic^  L'o(|Uois  Christians. 
He  he^'an  hy  exh(irtiii^'  all  tlu^  Indians  to  open  tlieir  hearts 


It  ilni's  lint,  indccil,  seem  tlint  any 
Indinns  aswniblcd  at  I'"iirt  I/.a  Motto 
— Scliiiylcr  not  allmlinir  to  iiny, 
(;itlifi'  g-oinjifor  iTtuniiiiL,''  from  Wood 
Crock  to  Liil'riiini'.(N.Y.  Doc.  Hist., 
ii.,  lip.  1(10-'.'.)  'I'lic  Moliuwlis  iind 
•Mbany  Volunteers,  under  Miijor 
Pi'tcr  Sclinylor,  sconii'd  to  liavi- 
pushed  oil  curly  to  Wood  Creek. 
Leisler  sent  up  son'o  troops  from 
Now  York  to  Allia.iy,  romplained 
of  as  boys;  and  Connectieut,  two 
eoiupaiiies,  under  I'iudi  and  .(oliii 
son.  (N.  ^.  Col.  Doc.,  iii.,  ]).  7"i'.' ;  iv., 
p.  1!1;l.)  'I'o  maintain  his  men,  Leis- 
ler seized  u  lot  of  poor  pork,  and 
disease  liroke  uit,  tlie  men  ilyiiif; 
"  like  rotten  slieep.''  (I/iving-slon  to 
(foveriior  Nieliolsoii,  il>.,  iii.,  p.  'i"'T.) 
Thi'  smal]-liox,  at  the  time,  juvvailed 
at  All)any.  l''or  the  conimand  of  an 
exjiedition  thus  -wretchedly  liceuii, 
the  New  England  colonies  urired  th(^ 
appointment  of  Fit/,  .lohn  \.'''>throii. 
already  conimis^ioiii'd  liy  the  <iov 
ernnr  (f  ('•iiiiiciMi''nl,  to  enmniand 
llie  (iMoj'S  1)1'  t!ia!  cnlniiy.  lJei^!e|■ 
yielded;  and,  after  Wint  1 1  rop  reaehe  I 
Alliany.  .Inly  '^1,  with  lifiy  men  and 
t hilly  Indian.-.  tiMiiiiipl.  |i'  tin  i|U"lii 


of  L't  colony  (\.  V.  Col.  Did'.,  iii., 
p.  7rr3;  iv.,  |i.  lOM),  I.eisler,  .;n  the 
olst,  issued  a  commission  niakinj;' 
him  Major  of  the  forces.  (Doc.  Hist,, 
ii.,  p.  l.'jS.)  At  the  camp,  near  .\1- 
liany,  he  found  every  tiling  in  confu- 
sion, and  the  small-pox  spreadiiei. 
lie  evidently  sided  with  tli.'  .\nti 
I,eislerlan8 ;  and,  in  his  .lournal, 
]irepared  in  KilKi,  never  alludes  in 
any  way  to  Leisler.  (N.  Y.  Col.  Doc. 
iv.,  pp.  1'.);>-II,1  On  the  :i()lh  of  .July 
he  nian-lied  iorward  hy  v,-ay  of 
Stillwater  and  Saratos;;!,  ilelayed  by 
M-arcity  of  canoes.  (Hist.  .Ma,i;-,i., 
p. '.''Jil.)  On  the  (Itli  of  Au^rust  he 
iiieamped  at  the  Fork  of  Wood 
Creek  ;  and,  tlie  next  day,  witli  part 
<>•'  his  men,  went  down  to  llie  l-ake. 
where  he  met  Schuyler,  the  lniri;ii 
ers,  and  the  Iroquois  chiefs,  (lb.) 
This  was,  doubtless,  the  camp  seen 
by  La  Phu|U(>  and  Clermont,  with 
its  small  parties  prowlinf;  abnui. 
Ilele.  Wiiilhrop  called  ;i  coiiiu-il  .11 
war,  iiiid  asked  the  Indian  ehielW 
for  llieir  advice  as  to  the  best  W:iy 
to  jirosecnte  t\w  war.  They  left  it 
wholly  to  him,  but  finally  advised 
1  Init   I  lie  wliiile  .iniiy  should  1      \' 


J! .  -?. 


,»/l 


,T|, 


IIISTOin    Ol'   NKW     KIJA.NCK. 

to  tlioir  ('oiniiioii  h'.-il  Ihm  ,  mikI  U>  conrc'il  iiDtliin.;-,  Iiowrvcr 
sccrot,  iliiit  liiul  ofcurrcd  of  Into  years.  I'lu'ii  ;iililLTssiiig 
the  ( )tt;i\V!is  (liioctly,  ho  told  tlioui  tliiit  liu  was  luvtue  uf 
all  their  iieL'oliiitions  with  the  Cantons,  ami  was  ikjI  i,Liiio- 
raiil  tiial  tliev  iiail  j^iven  il  all  up;  Imt  there  still  remained 
a  shade  of  distrust:  and  lifiiei'  he  iie.n'ged  tin  in  to  dochire 
distinctiv  what  Jiad  iiulueed  tlieni  to  treat  wiili  the  enemv 
without  the  kiio\vled;.;t!  of  their  bather,  and  wlnit  was  their 
actual  disposition  toward  the  I'^reneh.' 

"It  is  ti'ue,"  re])lied  tin!  Ottawa  orator'  "that  we 
restored  to  the  lro((in)is  soun^  slaves,  and  pioniised  to 
return  others;  hut  consider  tin;  way  in  which  we  were 
treated,  ajnl  say  wjiether  we  were  wrong.  After  involving 
us  in  \v.[\-,  ihe  rrench  forced  us  to  stop  ail  hostilities;  then 


(ll>..  ]■.  1!)."».)  riicir  coiuliict  WHS 
liri'iiii''!  iiM!-nti>tiictory  liy  Wiiitliruii; 
til"  roiiiiiii>si()ii(i-s,  iit  Atbany,  si'ui 
woi'il  lliiit  llii'V  ciiiild  ol)t:iiii  iiu  jiro- 
virions;  siuiill  pox  briilic  (lut  lit  tlir 
l'"()i U  ;  mid  tlic  Indians  t'ouiKl  it  iiii- 
possililr  Id  iimlic  (■aunos.  (W'in- 
tlirii]!'.-;  Joiiriial,  il).,  pj).  195-0,  con- 
(irniinfr  tlic  l-'ivncli  apcounts  ;  N.  Y. 
'•ol.  Doc.  ix.,  pp.  r,V.',-i;  !)(.!  la 
I'dtlii-ric,  iii.,  ]ip.  ]'2(i-7;  I.i'ttiT  of 
Mgr.  di"  !,aval,  Nov.  20, 1(190.)  Allyn 
to  IamwIci',  Doc.  Hist.,  ii.,  ]).  1(10,  says 
the  Indians  rct'usud  to  accompany 
thorn,  or  l'urni.sli  canoes,  tl.ougli 
Iicislor  denies  it.  (Col.  Doc,  iii., 
p.  i.-).].)  Wintlirop,  then,  on  the 
KJti'i,  calh'd  a  council  of  war,  wliidi 
concluded  to  I'alt  back.  (.lournal, 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  p.  190;  Doc 
Uist.,  ii.,  pp.  102,  109  ;  Hist.  Mag., 
i.,  p.  239.)  Tlie  next  day  hu  sent 
out  Caiitain  John  Scluiyler  with 
forty  Cliristiana  and  one  liundred 
Indians  (Doc.  Hist.,  ii.,  p]).  l()()-2) ; 
and,  returning  to  the  Fork,  broke 
up  his  camp,  and  marcho<l  back  to 
the  llall'-Moon,  near  All)auy,  wliere 
ho  turneil  ovur  thu  command  to 
Captain  Fitch,  and  went  to  All>any. 


(Journal,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,iv.,  ji.  lilli.) 
Ho  does  not  mention  tliat  licisler 
tliere  ariesleil  liini,  and  pul  hini  in 
prison.  (Allyn  to  l.eisler,  September, 
109(1,  N.  Y.  Doc  Hist.,  ii.,  p.  I(i2), 
accusing  liim  of  cowardice  (IlLst. 
.Mag.,  1.,  p.  229)  and  treachery  (hot- 
ter to  lirad.struet,  Seiit.  l."i,  10!)0; 
llutcliin.son,  i.,  p.  134),  as  well  as  of 
adultery  and  <itlier  crimes.  Tlio 
Indians  interfered  ;  and,  at  their  re- 
ipiesi,  iioisler  released  him,  and 
allowed  liini  to  go  to  Now  York  to 
make  his  defense.  (Leisler  to  Shrews- 
bury, N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iii,,  p.  ',V)3. 

VVinthrop  was  a  son  of  (fovernor 
John  \Vintlirop,  of  Connecticut.  He 
was  born,  March  14,  IGiJO  ;  was  sent 
to  England,  in  1094,  as  agent  of  tlio 
colony ;  and  was  Hovornor  from 
1098  to  his  death,  Nov.  37,  1707. 

For  the  Frencli  statements  of  tlie 
lossi's  of  thn  English  and  thi'ir  In- 
dian allies,  .see  post  and  notes. 

'  De  Monseignat.  Uelatiuu,  &c., 
lilS9-90,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,p.  480; 
De  la  Potherie,  llistoiro  do  I'Ame- 
rique  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  99. 

■  De  la  Potherie  calls  him  Mani- 
touchagan. 


147 


I  (lyo. 


■i 

(  I'l  I 

m 

\ '  Vjil 

'''  J  i 


'A  'f  ■ 


ill 


1  '1  ■■. 


4l 


-L 


V  ij'  ii 

m 

■  I..'  ■ 

km 


Il    '  t 


I 


t  i 


''     "I 

I 

I        t 


\}'\ 


.^■ 


/. ,. 


•m 


148  i;iKi'«)iiv  •,ii-  m;\v  I'ifA.vci". 

1690.  we  wove  coniiu'llod  to  talui  up  tlic  linlclict  U',';iin.  witlioiit 
"— '>""~''  ,'iiiy  I'casdii  liuiii;^'  ^'ivcii.  Wc  cdiiM  iiiiikc  iiotliiiiL;'  of  all 
tliis  ticklc'iic'ss,  mill  \wvv  still  mom  ,sm'i)i'i.s('(l  iit  tlu>  Wiiiit 
ol'  vi^or  sliowii  ill  canTiiiL,'  on  (lu>  war.  At  last,  fearing 
that  till'  I'Vcncli,  hard  luishril  to  ilclVii;!  thi'iii.sclvcs,  -wiuild 
luavt'  us  to  bo  ci'iishi  il,  in  tlu'ir  iiialiilitv  to  ,','iv(>  11s  aid,  wo 
t'cit  bound  to  look  to  our  own  si>cnrit_v.  We  aet'ordiii,yl_v 
scut  and  ivcoivrd  pvojiositions ;  but  this  iiop^utiatiou  caiiio 
to  no  hoad.  Tln'  I'.rst  of  oiiv  aniba-sadors  di{Ml  airioULj  flic 
Scuecus ;'  tlic  others  returned  ^ricliilliinukiuao,  witliort 
eoniin^  to  anv  detinite  conelusion.  At  this  jnnctiire,  wo 
learned  of  the  return  of  (UU'  old  Father  ;  and  as  soon  as  lio 
niado  known  his  will,  we  Itanislicd  all  thouf,'lit.s  of  uudiin,^ 
terms  with  the  Irocjuois,  and  liavi;  eonii!  down  to  learn 
uioro  explicitly  our  Father'  intentions."  ' 

As  soon  as  he  ceased  s])eakinp;,  the  Huron  orator''  rose, 
and  said  that,  for  his  part,  "he  had  neve)'  forsaken  tiu! 
['"reiicji  alliance,  oi'  the  obedieueo  he  owed  to  his  Father, 
to  whom  he  was  resolved  to  be  ever  faithful,  come  what 
mieht."  Aleu  knew  what  was  to  be  thouj^lit  o''  lis  pro- 
testation ;  but  it  was  no  time  to  make  rei)roaches,  and  no 
answer  was  made.  All  the  oth(>r  Indians  declared  that 
they  shared  the  o|)inions  e.\[)ressed  by  these,  and  deFron- 
touae  was  much  iudobtod  to  Louis  Athcri!-ata  for  f^ivini;- 
occasion  to  this  little  exitlauatiou.  He  broke  up  the  con- 
ference, lest  it  should  de.^ener'ite  into  a  wrangle,  and  said 
that,  as  soon  as  ho  liad  repulsed  tiie  enemy  from  his  terri- 
tory, eveiy  <   w  could   ■eturn  home. 

The  next  day  the  scouts  came  in,  reporting  that  thoy 
had  seen  nothing,  .'.nd  observed  no  trails.  On  this,  th<^ 
army  was  dislmndrd  till  further  orders,  and  the  settlei's 
went  to  hurry  in  'ueir  crojis,  as  to  which  there  was  consid- 


,1 


V-k 


i '    ! 


'  III' ih:  ciillrd  ill  I'lTiii  11,  r,".  ;\'titp  l'Aiiu'i'ii|U  ■  Sr|it.,  iii.,  ji.  i)!l  :    X.  \. 

liiirini'.     Di'    hi   J'ulliiTii-.   iii.,   iH)  :  Cul.  Dor.,  ix.,  p. -IsO. 

N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  1).  4b0.  -     =  Tins  I'liicf,  ciilli'il   -  'i'lir  Huron," 

•  Di'    111     I'otlierio,    IlistoiiT    ilr  was  iitrailoi',  nnil  joinod  tin' Kn^'lisli. 


'   ./■ 


,11 


llisr()i;v  i»i.'  NKw    i'i!.\\('|.; 


149 


craMc  ;ni\i(ty.'    Tud  dnys  nl'tcr,  !iii  lni(|U()is  luivty  fell  on       1690. 
11  111  if,'lil''!()(l,  calli'il  L:\  Soiu'lic,'  only  tliioi'Miuiii'tois  of  ji  ^— v^— 
iiiilo  from  tlu^  spot  wIutc  tli(>  army  liiid  ciK'iiiiiiX'd.     They      f.i.uw 
foiuul  ilic  scltli  rs  1111(1  sonic  soMicrs  scaltcrcil  in  the  lldils  i,'m"ii,'(i,! 
r<  .ipliig,  ahlion-li  (iid.T.s  had  lie.  u  !.;ivrii  lo  lin  (Mii^tanlly  "'JiVpi iv.,l!' 
on  the  alert  and  iii'ar  laiotij^di  lu  liclp  cacii  otlna'.      Alo-;t  of 
them  AVi'iv  iinKctl  imarnii'd,  and  tlio  conimandaiit  of  thai 
([uartov  liad  I'vcii  nc.i^ltadcd  to  jiost  sentinels,  as  liad  heeii 
expressly  din cled. 

Still,  some  made  a  resolute  defense,  and  the  lro(|uois  Idsl 
six  men.  On  tin'  French  side  there  were  ten  soMiors, 
eleven  settlers,  and  four  women,  taken  or  killed  ;  many  cat- 
tle slan,inhtered,  and  houses  and  hay-slacks  lairiied.'  The 
enemy  tiallered  themselves  that  they  would  not  slop  liere 
in  this  -vork  ;  lii:(,  perceiviiii;-  a  coiisideralile  force  advancing' 
from  ^lontreal,  they  r<';j:ained  tho  woods.  This  ])arty  was 
only  adelachmeut  from  the  army  discovered  hy  La  I'laipic, 
the  fate  of  which  we  shall  see  in  iliie  season.  The  Co.  at 
de  Froiilciiac  was  (juite  nettled  at  haviii,^,'  so  easilv  creii- 
ited  his  .seouls,  and  experienced  such  a  reversi>  hefore  ilic 
eyes  of  his  allii's.  He  felt  all  the  dan,i;vr  that  he  'vould 
have  ineuri'ed,  liad  tlio  whole  force  of  the  enemy  then 
fallen  on  him. 

On  tlie  4th  of  Septeinlier,  the  very  day  of  this  adventure, 
the  General  assembled  the  Indians  for  the  last  time,  as  thev 


'  Di'    Mdiis.iiinnt,    lidiilinn,    \t..  O.v  Vrinr]\    l.^vc   dicii'  cuiup,  uinl 

N.  V.  Col.   Viir  ,   ix..   |i,    Isl  ;   Dr  1,1  iiitMi'kicI    tlir     mm    in    tlii'    ficlils. 

I'titlu'ric,     llisliiiiv    (Ir    I'Aim'r'Kiiir  (An,'.  0;!,  ().  S.,  Scjit.  I.  \.  S.)   'I'lii'v 

S.'|it.,   iii.,  p.    101.      'I'll!'  scouts  nc-  look    iiini'ii'i.ii    iiri-ioncr.-:    luiil    >ix 

tuully  pns.'^cd  nn  Iroiiiii.is  Inic,-.  Ill,  sculps,   "  imioiii;-    wliirli    wvv.'    Univ 

-  l.ii   iMiiii'chc,      D.'   Ill    Pntlicric,  w.inivu    lulU,"      Tli.y    killiMJ    (in(. 

iii.,    p.    101;    N.    Y.   Col.  Ihtc.  ix.,  liumln..!    and    fifly  licnd  of  c»tlli.. 

!'• '"^1-  111' iiicntioiis  only  one  liidiiiii  l<illc.d 

■' Dc    iMtmsciu-iuit,    l!(.lation,    Ike,  011  liis  side.  Tlicy  killrd  two  Fniicli 

N.  V,  Col.   Doc,   ix.,  p.   Isi  ;  Di.  hi  prisni'Ts  1,11  tli.'.  lioni.-w.ird  niiir.'li. 

I'olhiri,",    ilistoin-    dc.    I'Aiii.'i'inu,.  iSr,..  al,-o.  LcI^Kt's  Ken.".-,  Sr|  1.  :;o. 

Sciit..  iii.,  pp.  101--,>.     I'liplain  .lohn  ISOO,  Doc  Hist.,  ii.,  |i.  111:1.)   Mi'.t. 

Scliuylcr's  .loiinial  luakcs  his  lorce  Ki.lallcn.  p.  IT,  inak.s  ihis  a  d.lai-li- 

Inrty-two  whilc.s,  and  one  Iiundrcd  mcnt  IVoin  tlii'  force  whicli  was  to 

and  twenty-live  Indians.     They  .saw  niardi  from  Lake  »ii.'oi-''e. 


ii  i  ! 

.'4; ,( I 


0'  i^ 


l4 

i     .'J 

>; 


if 


i 


■fl 


Hi 

1:1 


I 


"i  y 


no 


IIISI'tiHV   i»K   NKW    I'llANCK 


Ki 


>i  4 


I  ^f;i. 


M.  lie  KliMi 

ti'imc  ill" 

lni-»l"l   till' 

tlltlllUI.'<, 


New  clii'ck 
Iniiii  III'' 
Ironiciis, 


i'!iinf>stly  linked  to  1)1' iliMiiiis>(iMl  ;  In'  tnM  tln'in  that  tliov 
t  liiiiilil  lie  siifislicd  witli  tliii  priccH  ivt  wliirli  tlicv  Irul  Ixu'ij 
Mipplit'd  witli  ^'odils;  (liiit  lio  woiilil  liuve  doiio  nioni  in 
llicii'  favor  had  ho  boon  uotiliod  sooir'I'  oI'  tlnir  coniiii^' ; 
lliiit,  on  tho  Avholi),  if  hert'toforo  thry  iiad  iiiiiipliumid  of 
ilir  iiit,'h  ]>i'ic'()  of  oiir  },'()( Ills,  t ho  Fri'iich  could  juslly  n»- 
inducli  tht'iii  ill  turn;  that  ho  approved  I'Vrn  thiiij^'Haid 
in  liiH  uanio  by  his  I'livoy  Povroi  ;  that  tiioy  shouhl  bo 
«'onvini'cd  that  their  inierest  re(|niieil  tliciii  to  make  war 
upon  the  Iro(|nois;  that,  for  his  pari,  lie  would  not  lay 
down  till!  hatchi^t  till  that  nation  was  hniidiliMl  ;  that  ho 
exliorted  theiii  to  harass  il,  ii!i('easint,'iy,  till  lliey  wore  in 
a  ])oMiti(m  to  j^'o  and  attack  Ihrin  in  their  own  country; 
thai  they  knmv  what  he  had  already  done  a.^ainst  tlie 
I'.iiulisii ;  that  ho  was  resolved  not  to  ^ive  them  a  monu'iit's 
r  spite  ;  that  ho  had  tliouL^ht  it  ri;^dd  Lo  be^'in  with  tlioni, 
lieeanso  thoy  wore  the  iirime  movers  of  the  tronblos;  that, 
by  his  orders,  they  had  spared  tho  Mohawks  at  Seh((nec- 
tady  in  the  hope  that  they  would  yield  Jo  tho  exhortations 
ol'  Oureonhaiv  ;  but  that,  inasmuch  as  they  continued  to 
aliusi-  his  Unity,  ho  was  ,i,'oiiiL;  to  ]nish  them  to  tlu^  wall, 
lie  sup|)orted  his  words  by  very  tine  presents  and  tliaton- 
j^'a^in;;'  nianncr  which  he  could  assunu!  so  well  when  he 
\\ished  to  iiain  any  one,  and  tho  Indians  set  out  wvy  well- 
satistiod  witii  him  and  witli  all  tho  French. 

A  fow  days  after  their  departure,  tho  Irofiuois  appeared 
in  several  places,  and  a^ain  surprised  Frenchmen  who 
imagined  them  far  enough  away.  Tho  Siour  des  Marais, 
a  seconded  captain, who  commanded  FurtChateau,!:;ue,above 
Sanlt  St.  Louis,  hi'.viuf^  },'ono  out  into  tho  fields  with 
his  valet  and  a  soldier,  fell  into  an  ambuscade  laid  for  him 
by  three  of  those  Indians,  who  each  picked  his  uuxn,  and 
killed  all  three.'  On  the  iJ-2d  of  Si'ptomber  tho  Choval- 
lier  tie  la  Motto  and  the  Sieur  Murat,  lieutenant,  were  at- 


'  Pi'   Mi)ns('ijriiiit,   l!"liili(iii  dc  ('c     I'otlii' 'ir,    Ilistdiri^    iIi'    rAiiii'rii|U.' 
i|ui  s't'ft  piissr,  \i'.,   HWMJO,  N.  V.     S"pt,,   iii.,  pii.    loi-lil).     'I'licy  ri'])- 

('•'!.     l>i)l'.,    i\,,     pJP.      ISI-'.'  ;       \)v      III       l•^.'^^^'llt  only   Dcf lll'Ullis  ilS  Uilll'll. 


\ 


lilsruUi    Vi  MAN    I'iiAMl,, 


lol 


J 


tacked  l»_v  n  more  nnnicrouH  piirtv  thuii   tliiil    iiinlrr  their     16.^0. 

eiiiiiiiiaiitl ;  tliey  I'l'piilseil  it,  iiesi'rtlu'li.'S;* ;  luit  tli  ■  liniiaiiM  — i-^' 

liitvili^'   returmd   l.i  tiic  cliiir^^'e  ilt  11  time  wiicii  the  l';eiu'li 

nUk'er.s  siiii|M»seii  tlicm  in  full  retn-at,  the  Chi'S.iliiT  il.'  hi 

Motte  w.i^  killed  (in  the  spot,  iiiid  it  Wiis  novel'  alter  Kimium 

what  Ik  eaiiie  of  Sieiir  Murat.' 

In  his  iiiortilieation  at  this  uiiwehonie  news,  Frontenar  riuin.im.'H 

ealli'il  Oiiii'duhari' ;  and,  after  luietlv  explainiii;,'  tn  him  the  Iii'i'i'ii'inimi'i' 

cdiirse  whieli  he  had  |airsiied  tiiwaid  his  nation     Imtli  diu'- 

iii;.;'  his   loimer  administration  and  siner  his   reliirn  iVom 

I'lance-  Traill  he  tliou,i;ht   lie  eould   have  llattrnd  himself, 

that  at  least  gratitude  for  the  iii'nelits  which    l^'   had    pei- 

soii.dly  liestowed  on  him,  would  have  indaeed  him  to  opiii 

th>est.-of  his  t'onutiyineu;  and   tha'   ln'  must  he  eithiT 

quill'  insensible  to  his  kindness,  if  he  had  lieini  wan'inx 

in  this  duty;  or  was  liut  lij^ditly  esteemed  hy  his  nation,  if 

he  had  Iteeu  uiialile  to  make  tluMu  adopt  ideas  more  lea- 

soaalih'  and  more  oonl'ormaltle  to  their  real   intei<'sts. 

TheIr(j(|UoisHt'uiued  uuirtitiediit  these  words.oiw  ideh  he    Tim  ln- 
„,,,,,„  1,1  ,     ■        1  1  ■  11.  11  ,    ilhiii'Hi'i  plv 

tilt  all  ill''  loree,  Init  he  eontauied  hine-ell  nevertlulrss  ;  and, 

without  evinein^'  tlio  least  annoyance,  he.^'^cdlhedeneralto 
roniomber  that  onhisrutuni  IVoin  Franee  he  found  the  Can- 
tons bound  by  an  alliance  with  the  En.'^li-di,  which  it  was  not 
easy  to  iireak,  and  so  envouonied  against  the  French,  whose 
treaclii'ry  had,  so  to  say,  driven  tliem  to  i'ontra<'t  that  alli- 
ance, that  it  hr.d  been  necessary  to  trust  to  time  and  ci- 
enmslances  for  a  more  favoiable  disposition  ;  that,  for  hi^ 
own  pari,  he  eoidd  reproaidi  hiuiseli'  with  nothing;;  his  it- 
I'nsa.l  to  I'eturn  to  his  canton,  where  lui  was  passionatijy 
desired,  should  have  liaidsiied  eve'y  s\is[)icion  of  Ins  lldil 
ity  ;  if,  notwithstaiidin;,'  so  unniistakablo  a  tokttn  of  his  ai- 
tachnieiit  to  the  French,  they  were  so  unjust   as  to  eiitcr- 

l:li;i   airv   Slisiiicjons,  ||>   would     ""iji    dispel    IllrUI. 


Ill  I'Viliiiiil.  <  'imr 
|.    ;|::.  !••  i<  six  I'll 


irill-ilciiri'.  ii  ,  Mill    wiiM   !j-riiiili'ii    |.i    liliii,  .Inly ','li, 

l,:i    MiiMr  ill'  HI'-:;.  H.iiiclii'llr.  'rii|iiii,'nii.liiijl  P. 

liiiKsirTi',   Si'lu'iii'MP    ill'    III    liussiiii-  hii'i|itiiiii,  p.  m'.'I,  xxix. 
ili.'iT.     'I'lic  Sr  iLTiiriny  still  lii'iiriiii;        -' l)i' lii  I'nllii'iic,  lli-itninili' rAiiu' 

lii.-^  Ilillllr  i>  ill    l!ia'Uill::ll,ll     rniilil,,  l'ii{Ui'    Si  { 'I  rill  I  inii.i'i  .  ij  i      p.   IH.I.  iVi'. 


1! 


11 


•'.I 


i. 


i' 


'     (j 


''.I 


Sitnll 


ISiSi  f:l 


^I         '. 


152 


msroliV  OF  XKW   I'UAXt'F, 


^li 


1  i '  ''■ 


III        .     :l 


1690.         Tliis  iv]tly  almost  iiirido  Fniiitoniic  ropont  his  ill-liuiaof, 
'^"^  iu:il  tlio  tUstrust  it  liiul  i!is])iveil ;  lio  f^avo  some  marks  oF 
An  I'.imii-ii  i'lii'iulsliii)  to  Oiueouliaiv,  ami  rc^solvocl  to  devoto  liimscil' 


\y,n\.^  in  In-  Uliiro 


tliaii  rvi^r  to  sccun'  s(.)  rrasoiialiU^  a  man,  IVoui  whom 


HK'iri'  ('iic- 


hi'  \v;i.-;  .satihhcil  i 


U!    C'UUlil    o 


Main  imndi'laiit  sciviccs  ;  Vmt 


h('  soon  liaJ  other  lUiitters  to  attend  to.  On  tlio  li)th  ol' 
Oi-loluT,  as  lio  was  pro()arin!.;-  to  return  to  C^nobee,  an 
olUcei',  who  had  left  that  eapitid  the  day  before,'  ha;ided 
liim  two  letters  from  Mr.  Provol,  Majcn'  of  the  fo. t,  and 
C\imniaiidant  in  his  absence,  tlieru  being  then  uo  King's 
Lieutenant  in  Canada.  The  tirst,  date(l  the  oth.  .'^tated 
that  an  Abena([ui  had  just  brought  in  word  thaL  tliiriy 
vessels  had  s,u1(h1  from  JJoston;  and  it  was  posinve  y 
fstated  that  their  ohjeet  was  to  lay  siege  to  (^)in.'l>ee.' 

This  Jndian,  to  whose  zeal  and  diligence  A'(,'\v  Fraini' 
was,  in  i)art,  indebted  i'or  its  salvation,  had  com>;  in  twe  v.' 
days  from  reseadoue;'  he  further  informed  ]\l.r.  PruV'Vu 
that  the  English  ileet  had  been  six.  weeks  at  sea.  The 
?.fajor"s  second  letti'r,  dated  the  7th,  stated  that  the  Sicur 
de  Canonville  had  imtiiied  him  that  he  had  pcrceivoil,  v.ear 


lie  iviitrs  "Auriinia''."  ('MUlrirr;  i  i;'iii  luc  iiSl.'nUi.m,  uulr^is  n'liiiin-:!.    I.iin- 

i-  '•  Tawcraiifl — 'I'lii  raw.ii  ;."  (I'.isi.  ^■■vin,    Nulis   siir    li's   Afi'liivc;'   ilc 

1.1  til.'    i''ivr  Xatidiis,  l-oii  i  pii,  1717.  .\oii-i'  .I):iiiH'   (ie  llciiii]  i.il,  (.^lu  hn', 

\>\>. '.)',.  111.  l-.'l.)     Annilicr   lOniili..!!  ISdH.  Pari  !..  p.  o'.l,  M'ivrs  lii:^  iianir 

r.irni  1- •■'I'aw  ri.il."  (N.  W  Cni,  1),  !■,.  as     l''i:iuc'i>     I'rovnsI,  I  luliniivili" 

iii..   p.  .'iiiO.)     I'nr-   ill!- -illur   l''i;'iic',i  r.|-iiki- i.r  luMi   as   tin-    most    ii|irijit 

infill.--,  M-i-  OTallatrhaii's  Iii(1i-n.  N.  V.  man  ln'  ruiiuil  in  Caiiaila.    His  aaiii.- 

('ill.  Dm-.,  r,rliii  "  Ori'liaoii'."  a|i|pi-iu-.-  as  'I'liwii  Majcji-  oT   (.liirlni- 

.      '   |);-     Moll? -i.nliu!,     UrIati.Jii,    \-c.,  lis    i-ai-ly    as  lii,;!  iN.    V.    Cul.    Dn,., 

N.  V.  C.il,  l>-'i-.  ix.,  11.   IS.',  sa.v.s  thr  i\,,  p. ',l7)  ;  ..lul  !,- I 'l.-r(-i|  niv.-.  i  l'/,:i: 

iiu-i-si-n^fl-  li-U  l.Jiu-lii-1' the  7lli.      .\i'-  lissi-iui-m,  ii.,  p.   -tO(l)  that    la-    lu-l.l 

count  s-i'iit  ii  La  Fk-m' ili' Mai.  (Hi.  tin- dlUi-i- 1  wrntv  vi-ar.-i :  lie  lamis  liis 

]i,-t."i."i.)  Fi-iinl;iia.-li)SciL;'iii-lay,  Nov,,  wisilcuii    ami    vali.i-.     In    jiilis  lie  is 

'JO.  (11'.,  ".(Jl.l     in  liis  c-i'rata,  ('liai'ic  (-allnl  Kin.r's  l.iciii.-uaiii. 
\i;v    iill.'i'.-   I'l'   iiaiih' "]■  1!,,-  M:!\ci-  -  |)r     .NlMn-.-l.- iial.    iJ'I.lini,     >\r 

..:    ("Il-Il.-C    111  I'r.iV  -•!.   Mlul        ■!       IVi        il,  N.    ^    ,     (    ;.i,      I'.ir.,     i'.    .     |.,     ',y   ,    ;     I  >i       la 

i-nisi  i|iiini  1>  .    ill    111'-    li-N!        I'l-     i:i  I'.illi    li--.      Ili-'u'l'     il.-     IW  iii-'i  ii|ii, 

l>,-ll|.-|  II-     lln--:;     nnl     f'i'.-|'     iii^      lialll-  t'll.i^i.    ]•.    HI:     Frnh|i-ll:|.'    ImI'm' 

liii,    |i.  I'll.     Mmi^  i'-nat   siy.;   I'r--  >iiiri  i- r.  \m\iiiiIi-i   I',',  lll'io-  ,N.  ^^ 

viisl.    (X.  ^.  !'iil.  Mill'.,    i.,   ]-. -1^-'.)  I'liI,  l>-ii'.,  ix,  p.  ■'.:>'•  :  Caiiaila  Di.i.-. 

.Mmi  |).-iu.iivill.-.   I  Hi.,  pp.  :!l)7- :;.'-'-.)  II  .  v..  p.  r.',. 
(■i,„ii,Aii,     Willi!  i    :i.il     li;.\.      hi.i.i'  \l"i'    I  i.il-.,li|-.    ■■  !'•  i,i.i„.iia  I  " 


if 


HISTORY    (IF   NEW    FUANCE. 


163 


Ttuloussiic,  twouty-four  Euglisli  vessels,  ei^lit  of    wliich     1690. 
seeuieil  to  iiiiu  very  Itirt^e.     The  AEiijor  added  tliat,  on  this  "-"r-"^ 
iiifoi'iuatioii,  he  had  detaclied  his  brother-iu-huv,  the  Sieiir 
de.  truandville,  with  a  biseayeinie  '  and  a  well-armed  cauoo 
to  obtain  more  ecrtain  intellii,'eace. 

The  (roveriiov-Geueral  had  some  hesitation  in  crediting  \viiy  M.  a* 
that  such  a  formidable  fleet  was  so  near,  without  his  hav- 


ing had  the  slightest  hint  of  its  equipping  at  Boston.  Ho 
nevertheless  embarked  at  once  with  Mr.  do  Champigny 
in  a  small  vessel,  in  which  they  wer(!  well  nigh  lost ;"  and 
the  next  day,  aliont  three  c'cloek  in  tho  afternoon,  a  sec- 
ond courier  from  Mr.  Provot  informed  him  that  tlie  De- 
moiselles de  la  Lande  and  Joliet  had  been  taken  near 
Tadoussa(;  liy  a  ileet  of  thirty-four  sails,  which  might  well 
be,  at  the  time  he  was  writing,  at  Isle-aux-Coudres :  that 
is  to  s;xy,  witliiu  lifteeii  leagues  of  (^uel)ee.'' 

\\'hat  JKul  contributeil  most  to  deceive  Frontenae,  autl 
trauquilize  him  in  regard  to  Quebec,  was  that  he  believed 
the  English  fully  occupied  on  the  t:oast  of  Acadia,  w  Inch 
lie  had  more  than  one  reason  to  sui)pose  their  ol)ject. 
The  fact  was  true  ;  biit  ho  erred  in  sui)])osiug  that  Acadia 
would  delay  the  Eughsh  longer  than  it  actually  did. 
Moreover,  he  could  not  persuade  himself  that  sutHcient 
force  could  be  sei?t  out  of  Boston  to  attack,  at  the  same 
time,  all  New  Franco  ;  still  less  that  Acadia  had  been 
reduced,  and  that  the  conquerors  could  Ijriug  him  tho  Urst 
intelligence. 


w;is  siir- 
I>ri.si,il. 


I  KhixCiuiciuic  \vu8  a  bout,  sliui'i)  Montn'al,  uiiil  n^portcd  tliirty-thri'f 
ill  liow  iuitl  (Stern  ;  soiiR'tiiiics  with  vcs<:  in.  Dciiiiiisfllc  was  ii  title  then 
masts  even,  Iml   always  udapli'd  Hir     dl' niarrieil  lailies.     Tlie   DeiUdiselle 


■•■  ['"I'diiteriac  to  the  .Minister,  Nov. 
\l.  l(i!)(),  .N.  V  Col.  Doc.ix.,  ]i.|.-il); 
Jneherean,  llistoiie  di'  ['Hotel  Dieii, 
iv  :!I8. 


Joliet,  here  luelilioMeil,  ,vns  the  wife 
of  I.ouis  ,)olieI.  the  eollipailion  of 
Mar.iuelie.  (La  llontaii,  Voyaj;es,  i., 
1>.  '.2I().)  Front eniic's  letter  makes 
the   courier   arrive   eiirlier.      N.  Y. 


'  Oe    .Mon.seif^nat,    Helatioji,  &e.,     <'ol.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  I")!)  :    Aceount  sent 
.S.  Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  4s;i,  s»y.s  tho  .by  La    Fleur   de   IMai  (Ih.,  p.  -ISo) ; 
necoiid  courier  met  him  at   'i  P.  M.,     he  Cl,ic.|,  Etablissemeiit  de'  la  Foi, 
nt    St.   Ours,  iil'leeii    leagues   from     ii.,  p.  117. 
Vol..  IV.     ji) 


m 


H 

■.I 


f 


'>!ili    I 


J 


f:       'I- 


■      1 


■I    ^ 

.'i 


154 


in-;i'oi:v  ok  nkw  FiiAXcio, 


f 

5.  J' 


1 690. 


%■  '■ '  "'*'•' 


i^ 


Tliis  evil  came  from  his  not  bciii'v  siifficipiitly  informed 
-~-^r^~-^  of  the  Avretchctl  state  of  that  province.     Wo  liav(!  seen 
I'ositioM  ill  tliiit   four  ships,  clearing  from  the  poi't  of  Boston,  had 
Aciuiiadiin  ii])p(  iu'cd  iu  sight  of  Casco  Bay,  at  the  moment  wlusn  that 
fori    had  just  surrendered  to   Mr.  de  Portnouf.'     It  Avas 
afterward  known  at  Quebec  that  these  ships,  arriving  too 
late  to  relieve  Casco  Bay,  had  made  sail  for  Port  Pioyal. 
Frontenac  had  i-ercsived,  in  the  mojith  of  July,  a  confirma- 
tion of  this  iiue]lij;enco  ;'■'  but  he  was  not  in  a  position  to 
rfilieve  that  place  in  case  of  attack  ;  nor,  ai^parontly,  did 
he  believe  it  destitute  of  troops,  ]n'ovisio!is,  and  ammuni- 
tion to  the  jioint  it  actually  was. 

Nevertheless,  de  Manneval,  Gov(>rnor  of  Acadi;i,  who 
ordinarily  resided  at  Port  Royal,  had  a  garrison  of  only 
eighty-six  men  and  eighteen  p.ieces  of  artillery,  which 
were  not  ev^n  mounted,  "^riie  last  fortifications  erected  at 
the  ]ilace  weri,  ■-•"  insignificant,  that  they  could  not  protect 
it  against  an  assault,''  and  they  were  in  absolute  neoil  of 
(ivery  thing.  Tlu-  otliei'  ]iosts  were  still  less  fortified,  and 
as  ill  provided.  Moreover,  mot't  of  the  French  settle- 
ments, even  more  scattered  than  iliose  on  the  8t.  Law- 
rence, were  abs.jbitely  without  defense. 

Such  was  the  situation  of  Acadia,  when,  on  the  '22d  of 
"lay,  1(!90,'  a  soldier  and  two  settlers,  who  were  on  guard 
at  the  mouth  of  the  basin  of  Port  Royal,  perceived  two 
English  ships,  crowding  sail  to  enter.  They,  at  once,  fired 
a  horfc,"  th(^  signal  prescribed  to  notify  the  Governor,  and 
embarked  in  all  haste  in  a  canoe.  They  reached  tins  fort 
aboitt  eleven   o'clock  at  night ;  and,  on  their  repin't,  de 


It  isiil- 
l:ickf(l  hv 

tll(! 

EiiKlisll. 


I    J 


'  Ante,    |).    l;!(l.       ■'"(•    MatliiM-Vi  to  tlif  Iiimin  <li'  Bckancourt  iiiid  lo 

Mnirnnl'm,  Honk  ii.,  j).  ;?  di'  ViUrlidn. 

•  Li'   ClcHMi,  Etal)li;.-('iiu>nt  do  Iji  '  IK    McniU'val    to  ilr  Si'if^iii'liiy, 

t\ii,  ii.,  p.  Mil.  Miiy2!),  IC'lO   (in   N.  Y.   Col.  Dod, 

■' Di'   Moiisi'igiiat,    iii'lation,    itr  .  is.,  p.  P'?l  1,  snys  tluit  tlicy  arrivrd, 

N.  Y,  Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.  174,  nn.l  IV.  May  Ii). 

la  I'oHicrio,  Hifitoirc  i'.i'  rAiurriquc  ''  Appai'ontly,   a    bi'iile  ili-    njo'ii.t- 

Sept.,  iii.,  p.  81,  say  Iii'twrcn  nixty  fimicc,  a  siui  11   cannon,  suf   up  vcr- 

and  I'ilzlity.     Tlii'  coniinandcr,  Mob-  tically   and    ]  lir'TSi'd    when   fired — 

imau  i\v  Mfiiiicva',  wiis  a  lirotiirr  n<iiM' lirin  r  tlic  ohin't 


I     . 


i ' 


lllSTOIiV    OK    NKW    KliANt.fc;. 

Mimiu^vfil  !it  oiii'o  fired  a  canuou  to  notify  tlio  sottleis  ti 
tisHomljlc!  at  Lis  (^uiirtcirs. 

On  tlu!  'iUtli,  the  English  sciuadroD^  coiisistiii.L,'  of  a 
forty-gnu  frigato,  a  vessel  of  sixteen,  a  tiiirJ  of  eight  guns, 
and  four  ketches,  auchored  half  a  leagui;  from  Port  Koyal ; 
and  tiie  Aduiival,  William  PJiil)s,  au  ndvcniturer,  whosi' 
UH')'it  was  i)n)])()iti()iiate  to  his  early  couditiou  of  carpenter, 
sent  his  boat  to  the  fort,  with  a  trumpet' r,  to  summon  the 
Governor  to  surreuder  his  post,  with  all  it  contaiucd,  with- 
(mt  any  capitulation,' 

l)e  Manneval  letaiued  the  trumpeter  ;  and,  for  lack  of 
ot'ilcers,  sent  Mr.  Petit,"  priest  of  the  Senuuary  of  (Quebec, 
who  actinl  as  his  chaplain,  to  obtain  at  least  toleralde  con- 
ciitions  from  tlie  English  ('.eiu'ral ;  for,  f:(uu  tlie  outset,  he 
saw  how  useless  it  would  bo  to  attempt  a  defense  with  so 
few  soldiers,  poorly  armed,  discouraged,  without  a  single 
Oiiicer,  and  unable  to  rely  on  the  settlors,  only  tiiue  of 
whom  came  up  in  answer  to  his  signal  for  as.iembliiig. 
He  had  absoluti'ly  no  one  to  mount  and  work  Jiis  cannon; 
and,  besid(>s,  he  'liad  been,  for  two  raontlis,  racked  with 
gout,  anil  was  assured  that  the  enemy  had  eiglil  hundred 
laud  troops  on  board.'' 


'  l)i'  iMousL'igiMit,  KcUitiun,  iV'c, 
N.  Y.  I'lii.  i)iic.,  ]>..,  \'.  ui,  jj;\wa 
ihis  lii'ii'lly,  !Sir  W  ilii;ii!i  l'h'n)V,.s 
siiu  (jf  .Jiinu's  I'liii-;  s,  a  ^ainsiuitli 
tVom  Bristol,  wiis  Iidi-ii  in  wliiit  Ls 
now  l'lii|ii\sl)urg,  >;;:iar;  ljcc;ili',c  u 
slii|M'ar[>cntoriin(l  luililcriit  Shcc-|..-i- 
cot  and  Boston.  Wont  to  sea  in 
11)77  ;  ut'trr  one  I'ailiirc  suiicci'dud  in 
raising'  a  Siianish  trcasurr  ship,  liy 


■'  liov.  Lo!i:;i  I'ciit.  loin  at  Kont'n. 
iu  l(i2i),  canu'  uut  as  a  caiitain  in  tlic 
Hcgimcnt  C.i.igiuin  SaliT-rcs  ;  hut. 
renouncing'  t-i.'  currcr  oi'arnis,  slnd- 
ii'd  at  till' S.iaiiiur,- 111' tjuclicc,  and 
was  ordaini'ii,  l)rr.  :^1,  11(70.  He  was 
chaplain  at  !■  a-cl,  I'roni  lii7'-',  to  '7(1, 
an.l  se:it  to  ,'i  adia  in  l(i?7.  I'lupps 
canicd  hint  t'l  Boston;  bnt  jio  re- 
turned to  i'oji  iioval  the  same  year, 


whic^i    lie    obtained    £1(),()IH)    and  and  c(jntinue'.l   his  h.hors  till  1700, 

knighthood  from  .lames  [1,, in  .lune,  at  Quebec  and    .Ancieune    l.nrette, 

Ki'Sr.     ."lUdro.-i  made  haa  Sheriil'  of  lie  died  at  the  Seininai'v  of  (Juebec, 

Ni  \v  r.ngland.     lie  w;\s  made  CJov-  ,Inne   o,    170,).    aged    eighty   years. 

(  ri!oi- of  Massaclia.-e!!.-  in    lil'.IJ,  re-  Taschereau,  Memoir  on  the  CJiU'bee 

ealh-!!  for  violence  ill  ID'.i.'i.iiiul  died  in  Seminary  Mis^ions   in   .\cadia,  .Ms,; 

I-Dii  loll,  Fi'liruaiy  i '■.  lii-),").  lie >aiU'd  'Mi)"   Anuiv.   du    Seiri,   de   (.Iiu'Ikc, 

i';-(.m  Xantasket,  .'.piil   i!",   i'iiio,  (),  [),  14  ;  !St,  Va.iier,  Ktai  i'l-.M^u, 
^.,  and  reached  i'url  Koyal,  May  11,         •' Ilistoire     (ie(jgraph;(|Ue     (i       ia 

.Mat'uT'si  Magualia,  Book  ii.,  ]).  -17.  N'ouvelle  Kco^j.-jc,  p.  111. 


165 


1690. 


m 


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I' 
'i  ¥ 

ill 


k\ 


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ru 


J  ^  '"I 


.iiii 


166 


'•3  1,'r 


I'i- 


1 


i6f)o. 


Tlie 
(iovcrnor 

liy  (lajiit- 
\ilation. 


HWTOKY   OF  NEW   FRANCF-. 

William  Pliibs  at  first  dcclai'cd  to  Mr.  Petit,  tliat  ho 
iimst  liiivo  tlic  Governor,  his  garrison,  an<t  ./.'  tiio  settlers 
at  discretion.  The  ecclesiastic  resolutely  answered  that 
Mv,  do  Mauneval  would  die  sooner  than  bo  guilty  of  such 
cowardice.  Pliibs  then  asked  whether  ho  came  prepared 
to  otter  any  ]")ropositions,  and  the  reply  was  that  ho  had 
orders  to  say  that  Port  Koyal  would  be  surrendered  to  him 
on  the  following  conditions  :  First,  that  the  Governor  and 
soldiers  should  march  out  with  arms  and  baggage,  and  Ik; 
taken  to  (^)uebec,  in  a  vessel  to  be  furnished  them  ;  second, 
that  the  settlors  should  be  preserved  and  maintained  in 
the  peaceful  possession  of  all  their  ])r()]>ei'ty,  and  tliat  the 
honor  of  the  women,  married  or  unmarried,  should  ho,  ]wo- 
tected  ;  third,  that  all  should  liave  the  free  exercise  of 
the  lioman  Catholic  nOigiou,  and  that  the  Clnirch  should 
not  bo  touched.' 

'iV»  all  appearance,  Phibs  had  already  come  to  a  resolu- 
tion U:  gi'ant  every  thing,  and  hold  to  nothing.  The  case 
I'ith  V  hich  he  consented  to  Mr.  Petit's  requirements,  and 
his  sid)St  (j'.ient  conduct  leave  scarcely  any  room  for  doubt. 
It  is  certain  tnat  he  raised  no  ditticultics ;  but  when  the 
ecclesiastic  proposed  to  him  to  put  the  capitulation  in 
writing,  ho  refused,  saying  that  his  word  as  (ienoral  was 
Avorth  more  than  all  the  writings  in  the  world.  It  was  in 
vain  for  ]\Ir.  Petit  to  insist ;  he  e 'nld  get  no  more." 

Mr.  do  Mainieval  was  not  even  as  dilticult  as  his  envoy. 
Innnediatelj'  after  tho  Litter's  return,  he  wrote  to  the  Eng- 
lish General  that  ho  al)ided  by  the  terms  agreed  iipon,  and 
that  if  he  would  send  his  boat  the  next  day,  he  would  go 
on  board  to  meet  him,  and  give  a  convin(;ing  proof  of  the 
frankness  with  which  ho  acted.  Phihs  sent  his  boat,  tho 
Governor  embarked,  the  capituliition  was  orally  confirmed 
in  the  presence  of  tho  Sieur  des  Gouttins,  King's  Hcrivencr. 
acting  as  Comniissaire  Ordounateur  at  Port  lloval,  and  tho 


I  I)r  >rc'iin''Viil  to Soigncliiy,  N.Y.     cllnrts,  a  iiii-mdir  (CmihuIh  Puc,  III.. 
Col.  ])iif.,  ix.,  p.  ilOl.  i.,   |i. 'JlSi  ii>('i'ilirs   tlif   ciiiituri'   dI' 

'  Id    si)itr    lit'     Ki'V.    Mr.    Petit's     Port  Hoynl  to  him 


ii.ffnS' 


nSToHV  OK  NKW  rUANCE. 

English  Ccnerul  adiled  that  ho  loft  it  to  jNIr.  do  Miuuu>vars 
choico,  to  l>o  tukeii  with  all  liis  garrisuu  to  Frauco,  or  to  ' 
Quebec. 

Tho  Governor  stated  that  he  would  prefer  to  go  to 
France,  and  Philjs  promised  to  send  him  thither.  All 
being  thus  concluded,  do  Manneval  and  the  English  Ad- 
miral landed.  The  former  handed  the  la^ys  of  tho  fort  to 
tho  latter,  and  made  him  master  of  tho  place.  When  lie 
saAV  tho  actual  condition  of  Port  lloyal,  Phibs  seemed 
much  astonished,  and  repented  having  granted  such  hon- 
orable conditions  to  men  so  little  al  ile  to  make  any  def(ms(> ; 
ho  nevertheless  dissembled  till  he  !.)und  a  pretext  for  vio- 
lating a  capitulation  Avhich  he  pretended  had  boon  extorted 
from  him  by  surprise. 

Ho  did  not  seek  one  long:  for  learning  that,  while  the 
Crovornor  was  on  board,  some  drunken  s(jldiors  and  set- 
tlors had  taken  sometliing  from  a  store  belonging  to  Mr. 
Porrot,  do  Manneval's  i)r(;(h^ccssor  as  Governor  of  Acadia, 
ho  declared  that,  as  \vh,;t   l\ad  been  taken  belonged  to  the 
King,  his  master,  he  felt  li inuself  no  longer  bound  to  adhere 
to  what  he  had  promised.     He  then  began  by  disarming 
tho  soldiers,  and  contlmsl  tlicni  all  i:i  tho  church  ;  he  even 
demanded  of  Messrs.  do  ?,lanneval  and  di;s  (u)uttins  their 
swords,  which  he,  nevertlieiess,  at  once  restorml,  ini'orming 
them,  hov.ever,  that  tlii-y  w(>ro  his  prisoners.    He  assigned 
tho  Governor  his  mvu    lumse    as    a    prison,  and    set    a 
sentinel  theie  ;  robbed  him  of  all  his  money,  and  even  of 
his  clothes  ;  gave  uj)  all  the  houses  to  pillage,  because,  Ik; 
said,  he  knew  that  the  farmers  had  concealed  all  their  best 
things ;  and  did  not  even  spare  the  priest's  house,  nor  the 
church,  whore  his  men  c^immittcd  great  iinpietiof 

'  Do  Monscigimt,    Hulatum,    &i'.,  O.  S.,  innitidus  tlic  tuTiviil  of  Sir 

X.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  47.5;  Dk- :-\'u-  Wiliiam   Pliipiis  iit  \\..^.o:i  on  tluit 

n(?Vfil  to  Si'ijrncliiy  (H).,  p.  H'-M).  Tlic  dii.v,  witli  do  .Mi'iiUcViil,  two  ]n-\v^\>-. 

(lati-of  tlicciiptuiTis  Lnvfii  i\s  Mhv  ami     nbout     sixty      ^ol.!il  rs,     witli 

•01.    Dc  MniiR'Viil,  witliltrv.  Mi.-is.  plmulcv.    He  alliidi  s  to  tlic  •' cn^^M'S 

Petit    ami   'I'nii.vt',  wito  cm-ricl   to  and   inumts   lii-okcu   d.iwii.'     N."\. 

15oHlon.     (IV  la  I'ollirrif,  iii.,  p.  ^■•"- >  Doc.   ilist.,  ii.,  p.    IK!.      Ivnowniii 

ISradstroct  to  l.cisl.T.  May  :;o.  Ifi'.io.  Q.^duc  i.idy  iii.\nt;'.  .Ti'.rlicrMii.p  TiT. 


157 


l(><JO. 


riic  rapit 
ulalio.i  i^ 
not  Uipl. 


m 


•i  ',i'i< 

I 


V''' 
}'./> 


m 

m 


k 


44  ,,■•,  I 


'V  ■  -I 
4.1: 'I 

t.j^n-' 

HI 


m 


■i  I; 

'■1     i-l 


1   -ill 

ah 


:i;.i 


f! 


m 


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ii  \j'\ 


IM 


h 


158 


IIISTOKV    OK    i\M-;\V   FKANCi;. 


l6,;o. 


i.s  ]iiii'siii 

liy  ir.o 

Eiiiiiiali 


!  ^'J' 


Some  (layH  beforo  Mr.  rcnol  -wlio,  iiitor  losiii;.;  lie 
oilice  of  (iovLTiuir  oi'  AL-iulia,  liiul  luiuaiiUMl  in  tliat-  ]ii()v- 
Mr.  I'.iiot  iucu  for  liis  i)nviai!  a  Hairs— had  eiubarkfil  in  u  J-..(cli 
witii  tliu  bienr  Duclos,  his  clerk,  wiili  tlio  view  of  tradiiij.,' 
along  tlu!  coast.  On  th(!  27tli  of  jMay,  as  he  was  rctiiniing 
to  Port  lioyal,  unconscious  that  (he  English  wvvo  in  ])os- 
scssion,  he  was— foi'tunatcly  for  hini— (hitainnl  by  a  liead- 
wind  at  the  mouth  of  the  bay.  Then,  not  siehig  the  usual 
sentinel,  ho  suspected  sonielJiing,  and  got  into  a  canoe, 
witli  Mr.  Danioixr,  a  Canadian  gejitleinan,  anil  an  Indian, 
to  ascertain  what  had  hai)pened.  After  advancing  three 
leagues,  lie  perceived  an  English  .ship  at  anchor  in  tlie 
rive]',  on  whicli  the  town  was  built,  and  heard  the  re])ort 
of  several  cannon  and  volleys  of  musketry. 

Believing  that  an  action  was  going  on,  he  hid  his  canoe 

in  the  woods,  and  went  on   foot  to  the  tirst  house,  which 

he  found  abandoned.     Ketiring  in  hasli',  1,(^  jmuped  inlo 

Ills  canoe,  and  pushed  olt  to  his  ketch,  wIul-Ii  he  found  in 

I  lie  basin.     It  had  already  atli'actetl   (he  a:teiitiou  of  two 

l-lugli.shmeii,  who,  learning  of  lii.s  return,  awaited  him,  and 

had  embarked  in  a  sloop  to  board  iiim  ;  but,  as  the  tide 

was  falling,  the  sloo}),  which  was  not  far  from  the  sliore, 

grounded.     Perrot   proMted   by  this  accident ;   and,  afttM' 

avoiding  a  canoe,  which  idso  pur.sued  him  for  some  time', 

111!  reached    his    ketch,  hoisted    sail,  and    left    the  basin. 

The   English   .shij),  which    he   had   i)erceived,  having  al-i, 

observed   him,  gave   him   chiise ;    but,  seeing  it  fruitle.s;;, 

sailed  back  into   i)ort,  and  'Mv.  Perrot  entered  Poi!  des 

>.lines. 

Mr.  Vilic-       ^>ii  the  llth  of  June,  the  Clievalier  de  Villebou.  capt.ain, 

"';!i  'roli'^'^  *-""-'  '^l'  lii<J  !i''"^  "''  iln'  Parol!  of  Pekancourt,  arrived  from 

'li'mi-'iiur  Fi'tnii^'*^'    lit    Port   iio^aJ,   his   company  being   in   xicadia. 

no'ioliiirr  '^^^^'^'^  i"'  '''^iUKi  T'lessrs.  Perrot  and  des  Gouttius,  and  from 

"'^■'•^'      Ihem  l(;arned  that  .Xdmiral  Phii)S  had  remained  there  only 

twelve  days;  i':i;il    !  e  IkhI  carried  oft'  Mr.  de  Manncval,  a 

sergeant,  and  iii:riy-eight   .-.oidieis,   wiiii    .\lr.   I'rtii    and 


1    J 


^l  i 


insroiiv  or  >Ku   i'it.\>;<' 


i.VJ 


iinotlicr  occlcsi.istic,  nainod  I\Ir.  Trnnvi'' ; '  that  iK-tnrc  liis      i6c;o. 
(lc])iiituro  ho  iisscinMcd  tlu!  ccjldiiiHts,  .-tiul  adiaiiiisUrcd  to     — ,^~^ 
l.cm  au  oath   of   fidelity  Ui  tlic  sovciui.^DS  of  lMiL;laml, 
W'illiain  and  Mary  ;  tliat  he  iiad  Kct  up  his  first  ser^;i'aiif, 
OIK!  Chevalier,  as  Couiniaiidaiit  of  Port  lloyal,  and  six  of 
the  lu'ominoiit  settlors  to  adiuinister  justice  as  (•(niiu-illors. 

This  iuforniatioii  greatly  eud)arrassed  the  Chevalier  dc 
ViUobou.  Ho  had  l)ron},'ht  with  him  from  France  tlie 
Sieur  Saccardie,  au  enginoei',  and  consulted  with  tiiat 
olHccr,  Porrot,  and  des  CTOuttins,  what  w  as  to  be  doiu'  at 
this  junctim!  to  save  the  rest  of  a  colony,  of  wjiich  iu^  was 
alone  in  charge,  and  to  put  bi-yond  dan_!.;('i'  the  I'oyal  stores 
that  he  had  Ijnnight  from  Franco.  What  disturbed  liim 
most  was  that  tho  En<,'lisli  wort-  still  in  Port  do  la  Hevc, 
where,  in  less  than  throe  duys,  they  might  be  informed  ol' 
his  arrival;  and  he  was  by  no  means  hi  a  ])osi,ion  In 
resist  them,  in  case  they  returned  to  attack  liini  in  Port 
lloyal. 

All  things  maturely  considered,  it  was  unanimously 
resolved  to  retire  to  St.  John's  Piiver,  whore  the  Chevaliei 
do  Grandfoutaine  had  built  a  fort  at  a  place  called  Ji'niset, 
or  J'embac ; "  to  transport  to  it  what  belonged  to  the  King 
and  the  Company  ;  to  rally  there  all  th(>  soldiers  they 
could — several  of  whom  had  escaped  from  the  hands  of 
the  English,  or  nuinaged  not  to  fall  into  thorn  ;  to  order 
the  Sieur  do  Montorgueil,  lieutenant  in  Yillobon's  com- 
pany, who  was  at  Chedabouctou  with  a  detachment  of 
fourf eon  soldiers,  to  join  his  captain  at  Jemset ;  and,  when 
nil  this  was  done,  to  erect  a  stono  fort  at  tho  same  place, 
and  theuco  send  all  possible  aid  to  the  Indians,  and 
encdurago  them  to  coutinue  the  wur,  which  they  ke])t  ti]> 
with  constant  activity  iiga  nst  the  Englisji.     In  fact,  these 

'  Sc'i'  in\te  vol.  iii..  \\  1  Id.  i',  .l".;:i},  it  is  "  (Irmisick,"  and  said  to 

■•'  III  his  i'rriita.('li!>rl''\i)ix  cdi'I-i'i-,.-  Iv  twrntv-live  loai,aios  uj)  tlu'  river. 

tliis  to  "  Jvnisa--."     Anti' vul.  iii.,  p.  It    was   tlii'ii   a   men?    Idocli  limise. 

ISS,  I-.e  writes  "  i  leiiesie."      In  die  torty  paces  by  thirty.    It  was  rn  tho 

Troces  Verba!,  of  t;ikini,'  ]iossession  east  banlv  of  tlie  river,  o])])ositL'  the 

in  l(i70  (.Mem,  ile  Coinmissiiires,  ii.,  i.reseui  (iap'towu.  N.  H. 


jrll 


\ 


\\l 


%y  ■ 

fj '  ti  .(I 


I 
It 


fc'i'' 


i.r 
i! 


1jui 


I 


if 


'.     )| 


I    '1 


J  GO 


II18T0KV    1)1'    NKW  KUANCK 


■|..v>       ''I 

jilV 


\h 


k*,  -;''' 


1690.  Tnilimis  incessantly  overran  Now  En<j;laii(l,nowlioroHcarcely 
— ^r-~^  mootni}^  any  resistance.  It  was  even  just  annonnceil  that 
I'oity  AV)(''na(iuis  luul  but  recently  ilcfcatcil  six  liunili'eil 
Englishmen  in  open  battle,  losinjj;  only  six  of  their  njen, 
and  ouo  Canadian,  Bellefont,  who,  after  distuif^uishinj;- 
himself  greatly  nt  tiio  sief^'e  of  Casco  Bay,  had  joined  this 
troop  bra-<" 
Kxpidii  oi  [n  0  r  S'fuii';,  ic  of  this  deliberation,  orders  were  scut  to 
(If  Mi)iii()i- de  Monio/'.^.'J'  '..:  evacuate  Chcdabouetou,  which  he  could 
not  dreuru  -  aefen'''  ,{?  against  the  English  fleet,  and  to 
bury  all  the  cannon  laa  he  could  not  bring  oil';  but  that 
oflicer  was  no  longer  on  this  post,  having  sallicul  forth  by 
ti  more  glorious  gateway  than  that  2)rescril)ed  for  him. 
Admiral  Phibs,  after  nuUdng  .some  stay  at  La  lleve,  had 
proeeiMled  to  Chcdal)ouctou ;  and,  landing  eiglity  men, 
had  summoned  the  Comnumdant  to  surrender  at  discre- 
tion.' 

To  this  summons  Moutorgueil  replied,  that  ho  would 
he  buried  beneath  tlie  ruins  of  his  fort  rather  than  sur- 
render it  to  the  enemies  of  his  royal  master  ;  and  his 
little  garrison  promised  to  sustain  him  with  all  their 
might.  Phibs  twice  sent  back  his  trumpeter  to  show  him 
the  folly  of  any  cH'ort  against  so  powerful  a  force ;  the 
answer  was  constantly  the  same.  Ho  then  ordered  an 
attack,  which  was  briskly  made,  but  failed.  This  uncx- 
])ected  resistance  cither  heightened  his  esteem  for  so  brave 
a  man,  or  made  him  drt-ad  the  disgrace  of  a  repulse  before 
a  "shell,"  defended  l)y  a  handtul  of  soldiers.  He  made  a 
fourth  summons,  adding  threats,  which  he  deemed  most 
likely  to  intimidate  Montorgueil ;  but  it  was  as  useless  as 
the  rest. 

Then  he  threw  matches,  which  set  fire  to  a  thatched 
building.  In  spite  of  all  the  eflbrts  of  the  garrison,  the 
fire  spread,     Phibs  seized  the  moment  to  summon  him 


I  Lifut.  do  Montoru-ucil  to  Sriu'iic-     -1,  P.M.     Si-c  Do  la   Pothcrio,   iii., 
liiy,   Sept.    1(1.   l(;i)l).    SUNS  -luiii'    l;J.     p.  SI). 


\i>y 


mSTOU^    OK  NEW   FRANCE. 


161 


twice  more,  and  Muutorf^uoil,  seo"  ,^  that  he  could  not 
prevent  the  phioo  from  boinj^  reiluced  to  ashoH,  thought 
that  ho  mif^lit  capitulate  ;  but  ho  did  it  with  so  much 
haughtiness,  and  showed  so  stern  a  resolve  to  msdie  the 
enemy  pay  dearly  for  their  trilling  victory,  if  they  did  not 
gi'ant  him  honorable  terms,  that  ho  obtained  all  he  wished. 
He,  accordingly,  marched  out  at  the  head  of  his  garrison, 
with  arms  and  baggage,  and  was  conveyed  to  Placentia.' 

There  being  settlers  at  Chodabouctou,  Moutorgueil  had 
not  overlooked  their  interests,  and  the  English  acted  fairly 
by  them  ;  but  Isle  Percee,  which  they  next  visited,  did 
not  fare  so  well.  Meeting  no  resistance,  Phibs  pillaged 
all  the  houses,  antl  unworthily  profaned  the  church.'  O. 
the  other  hand,  the  Chevalier  do  Villebon  had  embarkt  i1 
for  St.  John's  lliver,  on  the  ship  Union,  wiiich  had  brou  u. 
him  from  France;  but,  being  long  detained  at  the  n 
of  that  river  by  headwinds,  two  English  pirates,  who  weri 
in  pursuit  of  him,  had  time  to  over*^alie  liim.  On  tli'  'Wth 
of  June,  while  the  Chevalier  was  making  his  wa_)  \ 
canoe  to  Jemset,  two  Enghsh  ships  appeared  in  sight  of 
the  Unioi),  which  lay  anchored  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

Perrot  was  on  board.  As  soon  as  he  i)ercei>^ed  the 
enemy  he  sprung  his  cables  to  ground  the  vessel ;  ho  then 
ranged  his  eight  cannon  on  the  side  opposite  to  the  Eng- 
lish, and  for  some  time  kept  up  a  brisk  tire  ;  but  as  the 
English  tire  was  superior,  and  he  had  but  few  men  with 
him,  he  thought  it  a  duty  to  see  to  his  own  safety,  because 
the  enemy  had  a  grudge  against  him  personally.  He 
accordingly  embarked  in  his  boat  with  most  of  his  men  ; 
and,  in  spite  of  the  enemy's  cannonade,  which  only 
wounded  a  single  sailor,  ho  reached  land.  The  Union,  on 
which  Mr.  Saccardi  had  remained  almost  alone,  was  then 
forced  to  strike,  and  that  engineer  was  made  a  prisoner 
of  war. 


1 690 . 


'  He  surrendered   June    II,    Ki'JO.  lect  to  Le  Clercq,  Oct.  It.  KJOO.   The 

Mimtorgueil   to  Sei.u'nelay,  Se()t.  Iti,  cliurch    wns   destroyed    1  >  Aufrust, 

lO'JO.     N.  Y.  Col.   Doe.,   ix.,  p.   !)M.  with    inliuiious   excesses.     Hehilinu 

Hehitiou,  &c.,  l(W9-i)l).     lb.,  p.  4r7.  (!.■  In  (.'a'^p.'i-K',  p.  7.     De  l:i  I'o'hei-ie, 

De  la   Polherie,  iii.,  p.  89.  iii.,  p.  <)0. 

^  Father  Emanuel  Junicau,  Recol- 


m 


iIm 


I     .'' 


' 


'hi 


"m 


i.,, 


M 


^i  . 


102 


l;,,f 


lit. 


I'l 


:  f; 


iC>()0. 


His  Recap. 

tlU'C. 


MISTOIiV   Ol'   MOW    HiANCK 

Mr.  Porrot's  lot  was  still  moro  uiil'ui'lniuitc.  'Mui  Sienr 
(los  (ionttiiis  uiiil  lliu  (faptaiii  of  tlio  Uiiinn  liai)  cscapoil 
witii  him  ;  hut  allinui^li  they  all  took  the  saiim  iduk'  to 
roach  Joiusot,  dfs  (loiittiiis,  after  a  tiuu',  t'oiiiid  himself 
ahrno,  without  kiiowiui^  what  had  bi'como  of  tho  vest. 
During  this  timu  tlio  Clu.'valiLi.  ilu  Villt;l)ou,  aftur  visitinj^ 
Jomsot,  was  roturiiiug  to  tho  sea  in  his  eauoe.  On  tlio 
way  he  learned  not  only  tho  loss  of  tho  Union,  l>ut  also 
that  of  his  two  ketches,  in  which  ho  had  discliar^ed  all 
the  cargo  of  that  vessel.  TIo  I'xpected  a  reinforcement  of 
Indians,  whom  he  had  summoned,  and  indulged  the  \u)\)e 
that,  with  their  aid,  ho  might  recover  the  two  ketches; 
but  they  arrived  too  late. 

At  the  same  time  he  learned  that  the  two  ships  which 
had  taken  tho  Union,  were  not  of  Admiral  Phibs'  S(|uad- 
rons,  but  two  pirates,  carrying  ninety  men  ;  tiiat  they  had 
on  Ijoard  nine  settlers  from  the  Island  of  Mariegahinte, 
which  they  had  pillaged  ;  that  they  had  enteri'd  Port 
Koyal,  landed  these  planters  there,  burnt  all  tho  houses 
leading  to  tho  fort,  killed  a  number  of  cattle,  hung  two 
farmers,  and  burned  a  Avomau  and  lu.'r  children  in  her 
house;  that,  after  capturing  the  Union,  they  had  landed 
men  to  pursue  those  wlio  escaped  ;  that  Mr.  Pcrrot,  tlio 
captain  of  the  ship,  and  tho  pih)t,  had  fallen  into  their 
hands  ;  that  they  liad  treated  t\iv,  former  iu  the  most 
shameful  manner,  a[)i)arently  to  force  him  to  tell  whi-ro 
h(^  had  conccealed  his  money  and  pro|)erty  ;  linally,  that  a 
part  of  tlie  Union's  sailors,  the  surgeon,  and  tw(j  soldiers 
had  joined  them  to  cruise,  ami  that  they  were  to  sail  with- 
in two  days.' 

Neither  this  sad  intelligence,  nor  tho  fear  of  a  fati'  like 
Mr.  Perrot's,  restrained  the  Chevalier  from  descending  to 
the  sea  with  tlie  few  Indians  who  had  joined  him  at 
Jeujset.  On  iiiriving  he  [nnx-cived  tlie  two  pirates, 
iiiichored  near  the  sliorc  ;  ho  lauded,  and,  favored  l)y  tins 
Vvoods,  a])proached  close  enough  to  tire  on  them,  which  he 
continued  to  do  without  respite  till  evening.     During  tho 


I 


■  De  la  Potlieric.IIist.  lU'  I'Am.  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  85.   N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix..  p.  4T7. 


1 


IIIHTOliV   OF  Ni;SV   I'UANC'fc;. 


1G3 


next  iiij^'lit  forty  nioro  TmlinuH  joined  him,  uml  tlioso  lio  i6y ) 
li'il  at  (liiybrcuk  to  till' spot  wiiciu'c  lie  liail  tli'cil  tli'i  pii;-  "— ^f^ 
vioiis  uii^lit  ou  tliu  pinit(  s.  His  olijci-t  wuh  to  ])i'(.'vout 
tlioir  wt'if^hiuf,'  iiuchor,  and  tlio  IiuliaiiH  liiul  promlHocl  to 
go  and  cut  tliuirc!il)lurt,  ho  us  to  mako  lliciii  luii  ii^'i'ouiul ; 
Imt  lu)  found  that  thisy  had  K<'i"S  'i"^l  wiu'c  sailiii.L;  wont- 
ward.'  it  was  afterward  a.scurtaint'd  that  tiu)  |)iratij  vcs.sol, 
ou  wliii.'h  Mr.  Porrot  was,  was  taki'U  by  a  FriMu-li  fruo- 
bootor ;  aial  it  is  ccrtaiu  that  this  fi,(!ntlemau  found,  auiid 
tho  wreck  of  his  lortuuo,  moans  to  sotthj  his  family  ad- 
vautaf^'i'ously.^ 

Meanwhile  the  Chevalier  de  Villebou,  seciuf,'  notluuf^ 
more  to  be  done  on  the  sea  coast,  again  went  up  to  Jem- 
set,  where,  havinj^   assembled  tho  ludiaus,  ho   exhorted 

them  to  coutinuo  to  revenjje   on   the  English   their  own 

,  .  Dlsinlcr- 

v.i'ouf;s  and  those  ol  the  I'reneli.     1!l  exiilained  to  them  I'^i'il     zini 
,1  ,     ,  ,  ,  , ,    1  ,  J      1  1.  1  •     1    ,   1        "I"'  iidciity 

that  what  lie  most  regrettetl  was  the  loss  oi  his  ketches,  oi  ii,y  Aim- 
on  which  ho  had  tho  iJl'eseuts  scut  them  by  the  kiuj,' ;  and  '' 
he  bej^ged  them,  if  they  took  any  iini)ortaut  prisoners,  to 
use  them  in  order  t(j  withdraw  from  tho  hands  of  the 
Eni^lish  tho  Freiu'h  who  had  just  been  captured.  Ho 
added  that  ho  Avas  ^'oinjf  to  Qiusbec,  with  the  view  of  ro- 
embarkiii;;- thence  for  France,  where  ho  would  r(>]K)rt  to  tho 
kiii;^  all  that  they  had  dcme  for  his  service,  and  whence  ho 
wcnild  brinf^  wherewith  to  com})easato  them  for  their 
recent  loss;  that  they  should  not  i'lil  to  be  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  the  next  spriu<^',  and  there  await  tidings  of 
him.  They  replied  that  their  Father  Ononthio  had  sent 
them  powder  and  balls,  that  this  was  enough  for  the  pres- 
ent, and  that  they  were  al)out  io  start,  to  tho  number  of 
a  hundred  and  fifty,  to  renew  their  raids  ;  that  they  would 
give  him  a  good  account  of  tho  English,  and  begged  him 
to  be  convinced  that  the  losses  of  the  French  affected 
thorn  more  tlnm  their  own.  They  left  hiiu  with  theso 
assurances,   and   ho  immediately  started   for  Quebec,  to 


'  De    .M()n;~L'igiiiit,    lielntion,    &c.,     now  the  t'i)UnteP8  dc  111  Roche  Al- 
IJ.  y.  Ci'l.  Doc,  ix..  l'.  •IT.').  liircl,  iiud   tlio  wile  ol  I'loidriit  dt; 

'  Ho  K-I'l  two  diuiyliliTsi.    wlio  iiif     Luber       Vlntrkcitii. 


li 

'w.i 

m 


I  I 


'     V 


i! 


iJiMi 


1. '  'I 


1G4 


lIIMTonV  OF  NKVV   FIIANCR 


.1  t, 


•i 


!      1 


1690,     wlii(!h  ho  boro  tlio  first  tidings  of  tlut  EiiKiisli  irni})ti(»ii 

^"—Y-"^  into  Ac'inliii,  anil  th'i  capturo  of  tlio  governor. 

i)'i"n,w-"       Tiioro  tJKiy  hiul  iiln'iuly  lt>,ini(itl  V\,i  rovta-so  sustiiinrd 

i';\';;;)';.',',';,',.  by  tlm  Fi-mwh  t-olony  in  Nowfoini.ll.ind      Tiio   court  of 

'"of'ii'iia  "^  Franco,  as  I  bavo  ulsowhcro  rcnmrkod,  aftor  long  n(»glcct- 

yciir.      i„g  tliis  island,  through  iguorauco  of  its  vahio,  had,  at 

last,  boeu  eonvimuul  of  tlio  advantago  to  bo  dorivod  from 

its  codtishorios,     Tlio  king,  iuforniod  of  tlio  nocussity  of 

fortifying  tlio  port  of  l*lai'"i,tia,  and  creeling  on  that  side 

a  barrior  to  tho  continual  usuri)ations  of  tho  English  on 

tlio  posts  occupied  by  his  subjocts,  had  sont  tho  Siour  do 

la  Poy])o  thoro  as  governor,  and  ho  had  givtui  orders  to 

put  hiiu  iu  u  position  to  maintain  hiuisolf  iu  n  post  of  that 

importance. 

Those  orders  were  not  too  well  oxocutod  ;  Mr.  de  la 
Poypo  sorvod  thirteen  years  with  all  possible  ztsal,  but  with 
aU  tho  annoyauco  that  want  of  ju'oper  succor  can  causo 
a  bravo  man,  who  fools  the  iioed  of  support,  and  who,  for 
want  of  it,  can  undertako  absolutely  nothing,  either  for 
lis  own  glory,  or  the  good  of  tho  state.  Ho  was  suc- 
ceeded iu  1G85  by  tho  Siour  Parat,  who  was  not  better 
treated  at  first ;  but  two  years  after  tho  Chovalior  d'Her- 
vaux  and  Mr.  d'Amblimont  brought  him  twenty-five  sol- 
diers, commanded  by  the  Siour  Pastour  do  Costobello,  with 
pro^^sions,  cannon,  jiowder,  and  all  that  was  needed  to 
revictual  and  fortify  Placentia.  A  fort  was  built,  and  at 
the  entrance  of  tho  harbor,  a  jjlatform  covering  tho  anchor- 
age :  these  two  works  had  uinotoen  pieces  mounted.  Care 
was  taken  to  arm  tho  settlors,  on  whom  much  more  de- 
pendence was  placed  than  on  tho  soldiers.  In  fine,  this 
colony  needed  only  a  commander  vigilant  enough  to  be- 
ware of  surprise,  or  enough  a  man  of  honor  not  to  sur- 
render the  place  to  tho  enemies  of  France  ;  but  they  wore 
deceived  in  their  choice,  and,  as  often  happens,  discovered 
their  error  only  when  it  was  too  late  to  remedy  it. 

On  the  2(jth  of  Febiuary  iu  this  year,  llJ'JO,  the  Gover- 
nor and  his  lieutenant  were  surprised  outside  their  fort  in 


t^:  - . 


HISTOHV   OF  NFAV   FUANCK. 

tlKMi-lirdHliyforty-tivt*  Eii^^'lish  ficchootcrH.  Tlin  soliliors, 
wlio  wunt  iiIho  (lisperHcd  Iiitlur  mid  tliitlicr,  woro  tiikoii 
ami  ilisiinucd.  Tlio  Hutthns,  wlio  liad  had  all  oiiportunity 
to  asHiuuo  tlio  dufoiiHivn,  Hurri^iidiirod  on  tho  throat  mado 
hy  tlu)  onomy,  that  thoy  would  inaHsacro  tho  ])riHonorH  at 
tho  loast  roHiHtaiifc ;  and  tho  English  loadod  tnoir  vchhoI 
with  all  th(^  f^'of.ds.  I'uinitnro,  arms,  lunniunition,  provisiuus 
and  liHiiiiig  ini))lotii(ntrt,  with  which  tho  inhabitants  woro 
protty  woll  HuppliiMl.  Homo  of  tho  cannon  woro  also  car- 
riod  oil',  others  thrown  into  tho  soa,  tho  rest  spiked  ;  and 
when,  alter  tho  raid,  tho  ,  isonors  woro  sot  at  lihorty  tho 
^,'urrisoii  and  iulialiitants  of  Placontia  found  thomselves  in 
about  tho  sanjo  position  as  if  thoy  had  boon  shipwreekod 
on  a  desert  coast.' 

After  tho  departure  of  tho  onomy,  tho  Sionr  Parat 
wished  to  proceed  to  Franco  on  some  ono  of  tho  liasipio 
vessels  llshiufj!  oil'  tho  coast ;  but  all  refused  to  rocoivo 
him.  Hi'  transported  himself,  with  thrco  sailors  and  as 
muny  soldiers,  to  tho  island  of  St.  Piorro,  whoro  ho  found 
son)e  St.  Malo  ships  that  f^'avo  him  passa^'e.  Tho  Siour 
do  Costebell(\  left  commandant  at  Placontia,  thought  it 
his  duty  to  labor  incessantly  to  fortify  his  position,  and  ho 
notitied  tho  sottlers  to  join  him ;  ono  of  them,  however, 
Andrew  Doyen,  refused  to  obey,  and  oven  killed  a  corporal 
and  two  soldiers,  who  attempted  to  compel  him.' 

To  judge  the  Governor  of  Placontia  only  by  what  oc- 
curred at  the  capture  of  his  place,  ho  could  bo  accused  of 
no  more  than  a  very  culpable  ncgligonco  ;  but  there  were 
far  other  charges  against  him,  .uid  his  i)recipitate  departiiro 
without  royal  permission,  gave  room  to  believe  that  ho 
was  not  innocent  of  all  imputed  to  him.  On  his  side  ho 
cited  his  return  to  Franco  as  an  irrefragable  proof  of  his 
iunni-ence.  Ho  threw  all  tho  fault  on  the  Basques,  who, 
aftei   revolting  against  him,  had  begged  affidavits  to  ruin 


im 


'  Friar  ''wcpli  Oiiiis  to  till!  Miii  '  Pnstour  to  tUr   Mhiistrr,   Auu'. 

iBttT,  Aug.  ,'«,   l(!iii>,    t'nnuda  Doc.     W,  Sipt.  lo,  lli'JO. CiiuudiiUoc,   pp. 
iii.,  p.  1)1  9b,  101. 


1 690. 


I 


"■X 


iU 


II  i' 


h . 


:"t 


'1 


>u^ 


It 


fill' 


166 


HISTORY  OF  m:w  fkance 


;  ih.' 


Mi"    ' 

0       . 


j:  I. 


!«■  ,: 


•■•i 


1690.     liiin,  or,  at  Icist,  to  put  liim  011  iiis  ilefciu'c,  (lo]iiiv('  liini 
—- v-^— -  {>f  all  credit,  ami   tlu  I'cby  escape  the  cliastisi'iiieiit  wliieli 

they  deserved.     I  have  been  iiuablo  to  learn  the  decision 

iu  the  ease.' 

Be  that  as  it  may,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 

the  pillage  of  Placeutia,  and  even  the  loss  of  Acadia,  had 


Frontciwc 
anivi!9 

at 
Quebec,     they  been  informed  of  it  in  Canada  before  receiving  Intel 


ligence  of  tlie  arrival  of  the  l^nglish  at  Tadoussac,  would 
not  have  seemed  to  the  (iovt'rnor-General  sulUcieiit 
reason  to  believe  that  ho  would  l)e  himself  attacked,  wilh- 
(mt  being  warned  in  sullieient  season  to  make  preparation. 
It  is,  at  least,  certain  that  had  information  of  the  enemy's 
approach  been  delayed  three  days  later,  he  might  have 
found  Admiral  Phibs  in  the  capital,  wlu'n  he  arrived  there 
himself,  and  that,  liad  not  the  English  ileet  been  so  vio- 
lently batUed  by  the  winds,  or  had  better  pih)ts,  (Ju(;l>ec 
would  have  been  taken  before  they  knew  at  Montreal  that 
it  was  besieged. 

But  it  must  bo  agreed  that  no  surprise  ever  did  more 
honor  to  a  general,  or  redounded  mere  to  the  shame  oi 
the  one  who  sh(mld  hav(>  profited  by  it.  The  tirst  step  ol 
de  Fnmtenac,  on  receiving  the  second  courier  from  ]\lr. 
Provnt,  was  to  dispatch  de  Piamezay,  Governor  of  Three 
Ilivers,  to  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres,  to  order  him  to 
descend  to  Quebec  as  (piickly  as  possible  with  all  his 
troops,  except  a  few  companies,  whom  he  was  to  leave  to 
guard  Montreal,  and  to  direct  all  the  inhal)itanls,  whom 
he  could  collect  on  the  road,  to  folhjw  him.-' 

He  then  marched  to  (Quebec  without  halting,  and  reached 
it  on  the  11th  of  Octol.er,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening. 
There  he  leariuHl  that  tlie  English  fleet  was  just  lu-low  Uk; 
traverse  of  Isle  Orleans.'     He  was  perfectly  satis:ied  with 

I  Panit  to  thr  Mini<t.  1.  Si>i>t.  II.  lb.,  ]).  IVi.  I'l-  la  I'oihnii',  Ili-loii-,. 
1(1110.     II..,  1.. '.IT.  <1'''    r.Ain.-ri.iiu.    Sr|,t,.    iii.,    l'.     11'^ 


De    Molisi'i-iml,    li.^'iiti  111. 


l,n  lldiilall,  \'ny;ii;vs  i..  |>.  '.MH-Ml. 
.\.  Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  1)  -is:).  Fi'on-  ■'  Thli's  thni  t..olv  this  .■luuiuel  ; 
I,.„a,-lolh...\linlsli'r.N.>v.  l-J.Ki'.M).  tliat  i.ovv  .i^e.l,  was  Hrst  tried  by 
III.,  |i.  iV.t.  Calia.la  Dm'.,  iv..  p.  I'^s.  (i'lliriv;,lf. 
Aeomiit  s.'Ul   bv  l-a   Fleiir  de  .Mai.     toiiv,  ii.  |i.  -^-VJ. 


■'(■rlaiid.  Cuiirs 


'Ititi- 


; 


IIIS'i:ORY   OF    NRW    niAXCE.  107 

llio   state  in  M-hicli   tlio    iiiajov  had  iiut  the  place.     That 

,  I  n()0 

ollieer  had  ordered  in  a  ]-avj,c  iniiul'er  of  settlers,  who  v^.,,^,^,.^^ 
showed  great  coiilideuee  and  resolution  ;  and,  although 
ho  had  had  only  iivc  days  to  work  on  the  fortilieations, 
.  there  was  not.  a  weak  spot  in  the  town  where  ho  had  not 
provided  in  a  manner  to  relieve  him  from  all  fear  of 
sudden  attaek. 

The  ueneral  also  added  some  iutrenehments,  wliieli  he  i)is|ini,iticm 
deemed  necessary,   and  conhrmed    the   juiucious    orders  fciulin^-tiie 
given  by  tho  maj(U'  to  the  captains  of    the  militia  com-       '^     ' 
panics  of  Beaupre,  Ueauport,  Tsle  Orleans,  and  the  Coto 
de  Lauson,  which  covc^'i'd  (.^)uebec  on  the  harbor  side,  not 
to  leave   their  posts   till  they  saw  the  enemy  land   and 
attack  the  main  v;o' ks  of    ()uel)ic,   in    which  case  they 
were  to  hold  tliL^uiselves  '    'idy  to  march  when;  summoned.' 

Mr.  de  Longueil,  oldest  son  of  thi;  Sicur  le  Moyne,  had 
gone  with  a  body  of  Huron  and  AlM>na((ni  Indians  to 
watch  the  movements  of  tlu'  iK'et  ;  all  the  advanced  (-mi- 
uences  down  the  river  were  well  manned ;  the  settlers 
evcrywlu're  evinced  an  earnest  desire  to  do  their  dutj* ; 
the  English  could  not  send  a  boat  ashore  without 
finding  the  bank  lined  with  musketeers,  Avho  woidd  at 
once  force  them  to  slu>er  oil'.  Jiesides,  there  were  cou- 
stantly  jiouring  into  the  city  militia  from  Montreal  and 
Three  Uivers  as  full  of  good  will  as  those  from  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  Capital." 

On  the  loth  the  Chevalier  de  Yaudreuil,  commandant 
of  the  forces,  set  out  early  in  the  morning  with  a  hundred 
men  on  a  reconnoissance,  prepared  to  engage  the  (uunuy, 
if  he  attempted  a  landing;  but.  the  Count  do  Froutenac 
ex[)r.'ssly  reccnnmend'd  to  him  not  to  lose  sight  of  tho 
oiemy,  and  to  report  all  their  movements,  a  commission 
Avhich  ho  discharged  perfectly."     To  this  precaution  the 

.      ' !" !_ 

'   l'"ivmtriuii'      to     tlii^      MiiiistiT.  Ml):  I.i' t'lcrc(|,  Etiiblisi-cinont  do 

Nov.    !•>,  1(;;hI.    N.   V.  (.'ol.  Do,',  ix.,  la  Koi,  ii.,  p.  lli;,  sa.vs  tluit  !)<■  ViHo- 

1>.   '■■>'■*■  boil    wlio    luiil    coiuf  tlirou^Hi  tlio 

•I).'    Moii.-^.'in-iiiit.     H.lati;in,    .'.■(.■.  wooils  lo  (Jiidn'c  miil  aiikil  to  I'orti- 

N.    V.    ('.-i.    Po",   ix.,    p.     U;.     l.i-  ly  ;;.  :icciiiiiiiaiiii(l  thit,  inLity  of  1','0 

C'llTOl,  ii.,  [I.  117.  lucu. 


I|ffl^ 


lit 


I» 


i 


$- 1-  Ml 


"i 


■I  i 


llll 


'i\ 


^! 


1G8 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


fi 


!ii  I'    ' 


IT    ' 


1690 


General  added  another  not  loss  necessary.   Vessels  were  ex- 
pected from  France,  and  it  was  to  be  feared  that  they  would, 
Fi.rcciwt  of  mistrusting   nothing,  rush  blindly  into  the  hands   of  tho 
Fronteuae.  English.     Frontenac,  alive  to  everything,  and  maintain- 
ing, amid   the  confusion  of  a  surprise,  a  wonderful  pres- 
ence of  mind,  on   the  same  day  dispatched  two  canoes, 
well  equipped,  by  tho  little  channel  of  Isle  Orleans,  with 
orders  to  those  whom  he  sent,  to  go  as  far  as  they  could 
to  meet  these  vessels  and  notify  them  of  Avhat  was  going 
on.     Ho  at  the  same  time  also  commenced,  and  tho  next 
day  completed,  an  eight-gun  battery  on  the  height  beside 
the  fort.' 
„    .„  Thus  the  fortifications  began  at  the  palace,  on  the  bank 

tions  of    of  the   Httle   river  St.  Charles,  ran   along  to   the  Upi)cr 

the  place.  .  '  ^ 

Town,  which  they  surrounded,  and  terminated  on  the  moun- 
tain towards  Capo  Diamond.  A  palisade  had  been  con- 
tinued from  the  palace  all  along  the  beach  to  the  Semin- 
ary wall ;  there  it  was  closed  by  inaccessible  rocks  called 
the  Sailor's  Leap,'  where  there  was  a  three  gun  battery. 
A  second  palisade,  erected  above  tho  first,  ended  at  the 
same  place,  and  was  to  cover  the  fusileors. 

The  lower  town  had  two  batteries,  each  of  three  eigh- 
teen pounders,  and  occupying  tho  intervals  between  those 
in  the  upper  town.  Tho  outlets  of  the  city,  where  there  were 
no  gates,  were  barricaded  with  good  beams  and  barrels 
full  of  earth  to  serve  as  gabions,  and  pederoroes  mounted 
on  top.  The  road  leading  from  the  lower  to  the  upper 
town,  was  intersected  by  three  difforeut  intrencl.ments  of 
barrels  and  bags  full  of  earth,  with  a  sort  of  ch;!vaux-de- 
friso. 

In  the  cour.so  of  tho  si(>ge  a  second  battery  was  thrown 


'  Df   Mouseignat,   Helaticni,    &c., 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix  ,  p.  4S-1. 


"  Dt'    Monsciiinat,    Rrlntion,   fic, 
MrrcureOalunt.    huiv,.    !(i!)l  ;    Tit- 


'  Till-   Siuilt    nil    Miiti'iOt,  was  so  luiux,  Ardiivos  dcs  \'(iyiiLCi's.  ii..  \>. 

callfd    from    till'   tiK't    thai    n   dojr,  .l;il.     Dh  in  I'othiTii',  iii..p  1 13.     Im 

ciilk'il  Matrlot.  or  thcSnilor,  jiiiii])r(l  Clcrcii,  Ktaliii;  srmi'iit  ilc  la  Foi,  ii., 

down     tlii'i-c,      Cri'uxiiis,     Ilisloria  p.  H  7-4'.'0      N'mic  of  tlirar  mrtilion 

Canadensis,  p.  SO'l  tl"-'  clievauv  de  liise. 


I 

I 

i 


Thr  Kn- 


IIISTOHY   ((F    ,\K\V    FRANCE. 

up  at  tlio  S  liloi-'s  Leap,  ami  ;i  third  at  the  gate  loading 
to  tho  rivor  St.  Cliarlcs.'  Finally,  somo  small  pieces  of 
ordnauco  wove  planted  around  (he  ujjper  town,  and  es]>e- 
eially  on  tho  mound  of  a  mill  which  served  as  a  cavalier." 
On  the  IGth,  at  three  o'clock  in  tho  morning,  do  Vau- 
dreuil  riiturned  to  Quel.ec,  reporting  that  he  had  left  tho  "''  'f,'!: '"-'' 
English  Ih'et  three  leagues  Ixdow  the  city,  anchored  at  a  '^"'■''"■' 
place  called  I'Arbre-Sec — the  Withei-c'd  Tree,  and  in  fact, 
as  soon  as  day  broke,  it  v,as  perceived  from  the  heights  ; 
it  was  composed  of  thirty-four  sail  of  various  sizes,  and 
the  rumor  ran  that  it  carried  three  thousand  land  ti'oojis. 
As  it  advanced  tho  smaller  craft  ran  along  the  Cote  do 
B.'aupurt,  between  Isle  Orleans  and  tho  Little  lliver,  tho 
rest  keeping  off;  all  camo  to  anchor  about  ton  o'clock, 
and  at  that  moment  a  boat  was  seen  leaving  the  tlagshi[) 
and  stet!ring  for  tho  city.' 

That  it  bore  a  truniiieter  no  one  doubted,  as  it  car- 
ried a  white  Hag  at  iIks  ijow.  Fronteiiac  sent  an  ollicci- 
to  meet  it  ;  he  reached  it  halfway,"  bound  the  truujpeter's 
eyes  and  led  him  to  tho  fort."  Great  was  this  man's  sur- 
prise, when,  on  tho  removal  of  tho  bandage,  ho  perceived 
the   Goveruor-Geiieral,  the  Bishop,  and   Intendant  in  tho 


riir  Kn- 
;li-li  A.I 


lllilMl     -.hfl,- 


lilllllllli 


lllr      <,,.\r 

iiur  (,,  ijc 
ml. 


Xou-  callr.l 


Pila(v(iate.     O'Ciil-     Clercq,    Etablisscment, 


la,<?haii,  N.  Y.  t  ol.  Doc,  is.,  p.  4S.1. 

•  Do  .Monsfi^amt,  Hruuion,  &<•., 
N.  Y,  Dol.  I),,,;.,  is..  I,.  41^5.  Lo 
Cli'n'(|,  EtuJjlissiMnout,  ii.,  p.  4'JO. 
This  wiiidniill  liiU  «-tis  Im-LIikI  St. 
I-(iuis  Stivi't  mil  ul.so  rnWrd  .\lt. 
Curiuel.  0'<'alli|M;]ii„i,  N.  Y.  Col. 
I>()c.,  ix.,  ],.  ■l>ir,.  Fci-huul,  Cuiirs 
d'Uistaiiv,  ii.,  p.  2-10. 

.Motlior  Jiiclii.'ri'au  rt'iircspiitwsomi> 
of  tlu'Sf  (li^lriiscs  a.s  vi'^si-ls  (illnl 
wifli  h,tours.  whicli,  if  striirk  b.v  a 
caiiiKin.ball,  Wdiild  liavo  kill,..!  iiimv 
than  thry  ,l,.a„,lea.  Ilistoir,.  ,1,. 
rilotil  Ui.'u,  p.  ;)!!). 

■"'  l*liii>i)s  atteiiiptcil  to  land  at 
Uivcr  Oil, •lie,  Imt  wa-*  roimlHrd  l,y 
Hi'V.  Mr.  Fraiiclicvillc  at  tlic  hciul 
"'■  Iiis  1  arishidiKTS  Juch.  ivaii, 
Histoiro  de  I'llotol  Uiou,  ji.  ail.   Le 


p.    42!), 


r.angeviu,    Arohivi-s    d(,'   N.    1), 
Bcauport,  ]i,  118. 

^  Friiiiti.ua"  to  tli.    .u.iiibtcr,  Nov. 
T-',  Ki'.IO.    X.Y.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.  4.-,!). 

('aiiada  Dor.,   II.  v.,   ]-2U.       Ai nut 

sriitby  tli.'FIiurdi'.Mai.  lb.,  p.  I."),-,. 
Di;  .Mnii^cij^iiat,  Kc4ation,  &c,,  lb.,  p. 
48.''.  .Major  Walloy's  .Jmniial  iu 
the  Kxpuditioii  against  ('ana, la. 
IIutcLiii.^on's  Hist,  (jf  Massachu- 
.si'tls,  i.,  p.  471,  days  sumiuous  soit 
Oct.  (i,  O.  S. 


5   'I' 

ranoc's   aU' 
till"  water. 


Freni'li  party  went   out  in 
nii4    Pliiiiiis'    envoy  on 


"  .Motbor  .rnclKivaii.  Ili.-toin'  do 
I'HoIcI  Di.'ii,  p.  :;•>■:_:!  ,.iv,.s  a  liu 
morons  account  of  bis  puteisuge 
tlirouirb  Qncboc. 


i\ 


f 


!ti 


M'"  'I 


i;. 


>  m 


;ij 


i^iVI 


••I 


1^^; 


1?0 


IIISTOKY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


'''yo  ceutro  of  a  f^Teat  liall,  •nhicli  was  quite  full  of  officers,'  '  ut 
to  uuilerstaiul  the  (.'ause  of  his  astoiiislimeiit  it  nni:U  be 
remoml)ered  that  Mr.  Provot,  on  tlic  tirst  iiitclhgeuco  of 
the  approach  of  the  Euglish,  liud  sent  the  Sieur  tie  Graud- 
ville,  his  brother-in-law,  to  obtain  more  accurate  and  de- 
tailed information. 

That  officer,  ad\anciug  perhaps  with  too  little  precau- 
tion, or  more  probably  deceived  by  the  French  colors  ou 
the  English  vessels,  of  which  he  saw  only  a  few,  was  cap- 
tured by  the  admiral,  to  whom  he  confessed  what  was 
really  true,  that  (Quebec  ^\as  destitute  of  fortitications, 
troops,  and  general."  Phibs,  Avho  could  not  doubt  the 
sincerity  of  tiiis  rejiort,  and  wjio  never  dreamed  that 
matters  had  clianged  so  much  in  so  sliort  a  time,  had  ex- 
pected to  sleeji  i:i  Quebtc  the  very  night  that  he  an- 
chored in  the  roadstead,  and  that  this  })hice  would  not  cost 
him  dearer  tluui  Port  Eoyal  had  done,  expressing  his 
opinion  on  the  matter  with  a  contidcuco  which  spread 
through  his  whole  force. 

Before  reacliing  the  fort,  the  trumpeter  was  enabled  to 
lose  some  of  'ds,  for  he  was  purposely  led  all  around  thc> 
place,  to  be  stunned  hj  the  great  activity  he  heard  on  ail 
sides,  eacli  one  taking  delight  in  increasing  his  ccj  'U;ion, 
and  giving  him  reason  to  believe  that  the  whole  town  was 
set  Avith  caltrops  audchevaux-d.-'^ise,  and  that  the  enemy 
could  not  take  tuenty  step.s,  uUh-  nt  being  obliged  to 
storm  an  iutreuchi:ieut ;  but  ih<:  si-nit  of  the  (iovciiuir- 
General  so  well  attended,  and  the  demean-,  r  <>i  the  olii- 
cors,  comi)letely  disconcerted  him.  lie  tremblingly  pre- 
sented his  summons,  which  was  in  a\  riting,  and  in  English, 
and  which  was  at  once  interpreted.  Tlie  followiii':;'  is  the 
translation  as  transmitted  by  the  C'uunt  I'lontenac  to  the 


'  La  Ilontnii,  Voyages,!.,  \>.  ','12,  Oriindvillo  had  bi'oii  im  cnsipn  in  the 

alone  mciitiiiuy  the  lin'smce  of  the  l{rt;-iiiicnt  Cariynan  SalU'ri'.-;  and  was 

Bishop  and  Inlcudant.  now  a  licnt>iianl.     ■Iiiciirn  aii.  lli>t. 

'•^  De    Moiiseifjnat,    lidatiou,   ie,,  de  I'llutcl  D'n'u,  p.  ;j,0.    Dai  iri,  Nos 

N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,   is.,    p.    483,    De  Uloires  Nutiouales,ii.,iip.3T.i,  2«3. 


IIISTOKY    OV    NEW    FliANOE. 


'  It  is  insi'i-tL'd  luTo  an  Cliiirlevoix 
gives  it,  iuasmui.'lias  it  ilitii-TS  some- 
wliiit  iVoiii  ilmt  trivi'ii  in  ihc  ai'coiiiit 
wiiit  to  t'liiuco  in  tlio  Flfiii'  lie  Miii. 
N.  Y'.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.,  150,  ami  that 
given  by  <k-  Monsei{,'nat,  (\h.,  yi.,  485.) 
'I'll.'  following  is  a  translation  of 
tliat  given  in  tile  text,  tlie  pai't  in 
i)rai'l  -ts  being  in  all  other  copies. 

•■  Wiiliani  I'hibs,  (i  ,eral  of  tho 
English  Army,  to  M.  de  Frontenac: 

"  The  war  deitlaroil  between  tho 
crowns  of  Fughuul  and  France  is  not 
tho  solo  motive  of  the  exiiedition 
which  1  have  had  orders  to  under- 
take against  your  colony.  The  rav 
ages  and  cruelties  exerciseil  by  the 
Fn^nch  and  Indians  without  any  reu; 
son.  against  the  nations  suliject  to 
vlirir  Hritannic  niajc^sties,  havi'  forced 
their  said  majesties  to  take  up 
arms  to  reduce  Canada  in  order  to 
provide  for  the  safety  of  the  colonies 
subject  to  them.  But  as  I  should  be 
most  haii|)y  tospnri.'  Cliristian  blood 
■,ind  s.ive  you  from  the  horrors  of 
war.  I,  William  I'hibs,  Kniglit,  le.' 
these  presents,  and  in  the  name  of 
tieir  most  ixcellent  majestii  s, 
William  and  Mary,  king  and  ipieen 


171 


M;iv(iuis  de  Soigneltiy  autl  trausciibca  by  me  from  the      1690 
origiuiil  : 

Gnillaume  Phibs,  General  tlo  rArmeo  Angloise, 
ii  M.  tlo  Frontcuac  : 

La  giieri'o  dt'clareo  eiitro  les  Couronues  d'Auglotorro 
et  tlo  Franco  u'ost  pas  lo  seul  motif  do  rEutcrpviso,  tiuo 
j'iii  (!u  ordro  do  foriuor  contro  votro  colouio.  Les  ravages 
et  lea  criiautcs  cxercr.s  par  lew  Fntii<jois  et  lo  Stiuvages  'ians 
aueuu  Hiijet  coutre  los  PeU[)les  soumis  it  leur  niajestes 
Britaiiiiiques  ont  oblige  lours  dites  Majostes  d'armer  pour 
so  reiuli'o  Maitres  du  Canada,  atiu  do  pourvoir  a  la  siirete 
do.s  Proviucos  de  lour  obi'i.s.saueo.  Mtiis  commo  jo  serois 
bieu  iuse  d't'pargucr  le  stvng  Chretien  et  do  vous  fair  oviter 
toirs  les  mtdhours  do  la  guerre,  moiGirillaume  Phibs,  Che- 


of  England,   France,  Scotlaud   and 
Ireland,    Defenders    of     the    Faith, 
[and  l)y  order  of  their  majesties'  gov- 
ernment of  Massachusetts  colony  in 
Xew  England],   demand   that    you 
surrender  into  my  hands,  your  forts 
and  casth'S  in  their  actual  condition, 
with  all  tlit>  ammunition  and  other 
supplies  whatever.     I  also  demand 
that    y(ju   restore   all    prisoners   ia 
your  hands,  and  surrender  your  pro. 
perty  and   your  persons  at  my  dis 
posal.     By  so  doing  you  may  hope 
that  like  a  good  Christian  1  will  par 
don    the    past,   so   far   as  shall   be 
dieiu'd  expedient  fortheir  majesties' 
service,  and  the  safety  of  their  sub- 
jects.    But  if  you  iimh^rtake  to  do- 
fend  yourselves,  know  that  1  am  U> 
a  position  to  compel   you,  resolve^' 
with  the  help  of  (itid  in  whom  I  lait 
my  trust,    to   avenge   by  arms  ilio 
wi'oags  you  have  done  us,  ami  ^ao 
ject  you  to  the  crown  of  England. 
Your  positivi'  answer  in  on'      ."ur 
by  your  tiu'ii;'.'   r  v.iih  the        uin 
of  mill  ••" 

For  the  original  ICiiLdish,  see  Ma- 
tliei's  Magiialia,  Book  II.,  pauo 
49. 


■M 


!| 


>  M 


i 


MV 


i' V 

1  ■ 
'I  n'-'' 


;  .1 


I 


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MM 


172 


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1 

i 

I'if       ■>     ,   ' 

i 

!■"*  - 

i 

1   ' 

1  ■ 

i 

)-•■ 

1690. 


IHSTOUY   OV   NKW  I'UANCE. 

valior  luir  r(^s  Pivsoiit(>s,  ct  ;ui  iioni  il(«  lonv  Tiv.s  FAci'llciitcs 
M.ijcsfc's  (luilliiuiiic  ot  .^Liric,  lloj  tit  .Keill(M^All,^!t'l(■^l■(■, 
FriiDc'o,  Eoosso  (!t  Irolaiulo,  Dr'lVii.souvs  do  la  Foy,  vdus 
(lemaiulo  (juo  vous  aycz  ;l  nMucttro  cutro  inrs  mains  vos 
Forts  ot  Chateaux,  dans  I'l'tat  on  ils  sont,  avco  toutcs  Ic  niu- 
uitiousctautrcs provisions  qudcoiuiucs.  Jo  vons  doniandi* 
aussi,  ([uo  vous  nio  rcndie/  tous  los  Prisonniors,  (pio  vons 
avcz,  ot  (luo  vous  livricx  vos  Mens  ct  vos  Pcrsonncs  a  uia 
disposition ;  00  quo  faisaut,  vous  jjouvc/,  os|)or('r,  (pu) 
eomnio  bon  Clirotion,  jo  vous  pardonnorai  lo  passo,  au- 
tant  (ju'il  sera  ju}j,o  il  propos  pour  lo  scu-vioo  do  lours  ]\[a- 
jostos  ot  la  si'iri'to  d(>  lours  sujots.  Mais  si  vous  ontro- 
preuoz  do  vous  dofoudro,  soaolioz  (|Uo  jo  suis  on  otat  do 
vous  foreor,  biou  rosolu,  avoc  I'aido  do  Ditui,  ou  qni  jo 
uiots  touto  ma  oontiauco,  a  vongor  p;u'  los  arnu'S  les  torts 
quo  vous  nous  avoz  I'aits,  ot  do  >()i'S  assujottir  a  la  Cou- 
roDuo  d'An,u;k'torro.  Votro  nqtonso  positiv(\  dans  uuo  houro 
par  votro  Tromi)otto  avoc  lo  rotour  du  Miou.'" 

This  doeumoid  was  read  aloud,  aud  rousod  tho  indi^na- 
tiou  of  all  present.  Tho  trnnqietor,  as  soon  as  ho  lin- 
iyhed,  took  from  his  pocket  a  watcli,  aud  handing  it  to  tho 
Govoraor  General,  infornuxl  him  that  it  was  ton  o'clock 
aud  that  he  could  not  wait  for  his  answer  boyoiid  olovcu. 
Tlieu  a  general  outcry  arose,  and  tho  >Sic-ur  do  Valrenos 
raising  his  voice,  said  that  thi^  insohmt  i'ellow  should  bo 
treated  as  the  messenger  of  a  pirato,  tho  more  especially 
as  Phibs  \.as  in  arms  against  his  lawful  sovereign,  and 
had  acted  at  Port  Pioyal  iiko  a  pcu-fect  pirato,  violating 
the  capitulation  and  retaining  the  Sieur  do  Manueval  as  a 
prisont^v  against  his  word  and  against  tl;e  law  of  Na- 
tions." 

Front(niac,  althougli  stung  to  the  quick,  evinced  greater 

'  Tliis  iv'i'ly  i^  wiiid  Ibr  word  from  La  llontir;  arc  all  sili'iit   as  to  tliis 

the  Letter  to  Mr.   SeiLini'lay  alrcad/  I'lasode.       l.a    lloiilaii    stales    tliat 

citcU.      I'lnirhm'.x.  Fronlrnai'   ordered    the   en])taiii    of 

■-■  l)e  M()iiseii.rnat ;  Fronlena'' ill  liis  liis   i|uarler><    to   put  tip   a  gallows 

disiutch  aud  the  account  s. 'lit  by  the  to      lianir     the     Major     who     bore 

Fleur  de   .Mai  ;    Mother  Jueherrau,  the   me!-t-ages.       Voyages,   i.,    jiage 

the  Irbiiliue  .\uiud!i;  1-e  Clere.i  aud  'iVi. 


ft 


IllSTOHY   Ot'   NKW    l-'KANCE. 


178 


inodcrivtiou.     Witliout  .ippciiriiiij;  to  liciir  tlio  vomarks  of 
Dc  Viilroues,  lid  iultUrssL'tl  the  truuiputt'i'  : 

Jo  ne  vouH  icvui  yinH  attomlre  si  lontoms  ma  ropouse,  la 
voici.  Jo  no  coiiuois  jioiut  lo  Hoy  Cinill.'uinio  ;  iiiais  jo 
syjii  (|uu  lo  Priuoo  il'(Jr,ui^o  (!st  nil  Usurpntouf  <[ui  a  viole 
Ics  (Iri)its  Irs  pins  sacrrs  du  s;ni<,'  ct  i]o.  la  ilolif^ioii,  on  i\v- 
ti'iiiiuit  li^  llov,  sou  l>;,iii-l^>ri'.  Jo  no  coiinois  ))(jiiit 
(I'aiitro  Soiivoraiu  l,',!j;itimo  (1<>  TAu^hslon'o,  (pio  lo  Hoy 
.JMcipios  H.  L(!Cliovalior  Piiihs  n'a  pas  di'i  otfo  sm'[)i'isdoa 
liostiliti's  faitos  los  par  Fi'an(;ois  ot  lours  Allii's,  pnis(ia'ila 
(In  s'alt(Mi(lro  (jU(!  lo  Eoy,  nioii  niaiti'o,  ay.mt  vo^u  lo  Roy 
d'An^k'toiTo  sons  sa.  protootion,  m'onloniioroit  do  povtor  la 
,un('rri'(;iioz  los  Pi'Ui)los  cpii  sont  I'ovoltos  coiiti'(!  lourPrin'io 
l('i;itiiii(!.  A-t-il  pn  croiro  quo  quand  il  m'otrviroit  dos  con- 
ditions ])!us  f.olora1)](!S,  ife  quo  jo  sorois  d'huuiourillos accep- 
tor, taut  do  I)ravos  Gcus  y  voulussout  consoutir  tfe  me  con- 
soillass(  nt  do  luo  fior  ii  la  parolo  d'un  Honimo,  qui  a  viol6 
la  ('a]>itulation,  (pi'il  avoit  t'aito  avoe  lo  (lo'^.voniour  do 
FAcadio  ;  qui  a  niaiupio  a  la  fidolito  ipi'il  dovoit  a  son 
l^rinco;  (pii  a  ouMio  tons  1<'S  bionfaits,  dout  il  a  oto  com- 
hW',  pour  suivro  lo  parti  d'un  Etran.^or,  lo([uol  vonlaut 
porsuador  qu'il  u'a  en  vuo,  (jno  d'otrii  lo  Liboratour  do  I'Au- 
glotorro,  iV:  lo  dot'onsour  do  la  Foy,  a  dotruit  les  Loix  et  les 
Privilo^os  du  Iloyaumo  it  ronvorso  rEji;liso  An^licano;  c'ost 
CO  quo  la  Justioo  Diviu(^  (pio  Pliibs  loclaino,  piuiira  uu 
jour  sevorcmont.'" 


i6yo. 


Mr.  do 

FrdiitiMiac'B 
reply 


hi 


i      &' 


*  \j.p 


'  I  Will  not  keep  you  Wiiitillj;  that 
Imii:  fur  my  iinswcr.  llcrr  it  is.  1 
know  no  Kiiiu-  William  :  Im;  1 
know  lliat  th(^  Priin-o  of  Or-aniji'  is  a 
usni|iiT  who  lias  violaK'il  llii' ni.i>t 
sai'rrd  riuliis  of  blood  ancl  ol'  rclij^- 
ioii  liy  (IctlirmiiMf;  the  kiiiff.  his  tii- 
thor  iii-huv.  I  know  no  other  law- 
ful sovcreifrii  of  Kiiylanil,  tlian 
Kinir  .lames  II.  Sir  W,  I'hil.s 
slioulil  not  !)<■  stiri)iise(l  at  the  hos- 
tilities conimi'i.'d  by  the  Fivnrli  ami 
thi'ir  ailies,  for  he  must  have  I'X- 
peeted  that   the  Kinjr,  uiy  master. 


liaviny-  received  the  Kini;  of  En- 
i^'land  under  his  |ir(Jiei-iion,  would 
order  lui'  to  i-arrv  on  the  war  u|iou 
nations  in  revolt  ai^ainsl  their 
lawful  ]jrine;v  Can  he  have  sio,i. 
poseil,  that  were  his  conditions  mori) 
tolerable,  and  I  in  a  mood  to  accept 
them,  so  many  bravo  men  would 
consent  and  ailvise  nic  to  trust  to 
the  word  of  a  man  who  has  violatoil 
the  caiiindation  whi(di  lie  had  mado 
witlithe  (iovernorof  Aeadia;  who 
has  brnkeii  the  alle.triance  he  owes 
to  his  i:iiii(';  wiio  hart  foiHotteu  all 


11 


I 


I  I 


J 


174 

1690. 


t  i- 


Exploit  (if 

Miinc 
Canadians. 


IllS'l'OliV    OK    NKW  FliANCK 

Tlio  tmiiijH'tcv  asked  this  reply  in  wiitiii^',  Imt  tlio  CJcn- 
eviil  rel'used  to  j^'ive  it,  iiildiiit,'  :  "  I  will  iuiswer  your  iiuvs- 
tor  by  tlio  mouth  of  my  eamion.  Let  liim  loarii  that  this 
is  not  tho  way  to  suiuiuon  a  man  lik(>  nu,'."  '  He  then 
gave  the  sign  to  l)aiida,!4o  the  truiiiiieter's  eyes,  and  that 
messenger  was  taken  back  to  tho  spot  where  lie  hud  l)een 
received.  As  soon  as  he  reached  his  vessel,  one  of  the 
batteries  of  the  ]o\v<m'  town  opened,  to  the  great  astonish- 
ment of  the  English  ;  Phibs,  especially,  conld  not  reeovcu' 
from  his  amazenielil  lo  see  himself  obliged  to  besiege  in 
form  a  city,  where  he  had  deluded  himself  that  tlu;  French 
would  have  tho  luil'dihood  to  await  him  only  to  submit." 

But  it  was  still  worse,  when  tho  first  cannon-ball  car- 
ried awaj-  his  tlag  and  the  tide  sweeping  it  down,  some 
Canadians  swam  out  to  get  it,  and  in  spite  of  the  lire  kept 
up  ou  them,  carried  it  oil"  before  tho  eyes  of  the  whole 
fleet.  It  \\as  at  once  cai'riiju  to  the  Cathedral,  wliere  it 
still  is."    Ou  the  same  day,  the  10th,  about  four  o'clock  in 

tlio  I'liviu's  Invishi.'d  on  liini,  to  I'ol-  not  n  iisonnlily  objfcl   to  it,  i\iiil  for 

low  tlu)  party  of  a  foi'iii^iicr,  wlio,  Pliiiw  to  oIIit  to  inu'iloii  the  Count 

pretending  tn  liavi;  in  view  only  to  d(!   Frontenac  for  bcinir  loyal  to  liia 

1)1!  tlie  DfiivcrtTof  Kngliind  and  tho  own  country,  was   insoluiil  enough. 

Defender  of  the  Faith,  has  destroyed  See  Chalmers,  Polit.  Ann   [i.  57. 

tin'    laws    and     priviliTJies     of   the  ''  Mother      .Inchercau    says    that 

Kingdom   ami  overthrown  the  An-  when  tln^   action   began,  he  showed 

til'  m  Church  V  all  this  tlie  Divine  caiinonlialls    to   tin'    ladies    in    his 

Juriiice   which   I'liibs   invokes,  will  hands,  ami  asked  whether  that  cor- 


one  day  lamish  severely.  "  De  Mou 
Bcignat,  Relation,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc., 
ix.,  p.  4H(i.  Le  Clercq,  Etublisse- 
inent,  ii.,  p.  C.^:!  o. 


respondeil  with  their  description  of 
the  undefended  state  of  the  city. 

■'  See   Frontenac  to  the  Minister, 
Nov.  13,  l(i!)0.     Canada  Doc,  II.,  v., 


'  De     ?h'nseignat,    delation,    &c.     ]).  IMT.     Mother  .luchereau,  llistoire 


N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  4bi>.  Ac- 
count by  the  Fleur  dc  Mai,  pj).  t")!)- 
417.  J  uchereau' Ilistoire  di'  I'llotel 
Diou,  p. '.i!)!.  Le  Clercq,  ii.,  p,  -I'.'S. 
La  llontaii.  Voyages,  i.,  p.  'JllJ. 
Hutchinson.  Hist,  Mass.,  i.  p.  ;i,"),"i, 
says,  "  If  it  (the  summons)  was  too 
poin|)OUS,  the  answer  was  lOo  iiiMi- 
lent.'  Tht!  insoli'uce  seems  to  be  'ii 
the   Buniinnns.     As   the  Emclish  at 


de  rUotel  Dieu,  p.  ;12'.I,  says  Mari 
coiirl  lired  thi!  !|iin,  altlaaigh  she 
does  not  say  that  it  was  the  first  one 
discliarged,  or  mention  whence  it 
was  tired.  Tlie  flag  remained  in 
the  Cathedral  till  it  was  destroyed 
by  lire  during  the  siege  of  17.''.l. 
Frrhmd.  Cours  d'llistoire,  ii.,  p.  \i'2i; 
Hawkins'  I'icture  of  l^uebec,  p.  130 
De   la    I'otlierie,    iii.,   p.   IIS,  inen- 


Lachine  began  the  use  of  Indians  to    tions  the  incident   later   in   tbo  ac- 
ra\;)ige   the  settlements,  they  could     ti«u. 


(  I 


TIISTOItY    OV   NFCW    KliAN'CH. 


175 


the  nfternoou,  Do  Lonf,m(.'il,  aeoouip.inicil  l)y  INruricourt,      ifigo. 
his  brother,  rocuiitly  arrivotl  from   lltidsoii's  liny,  ])!Is.s(hI   "-'-r— ' 
■  in  a  cauoo  aloiif,'  tlio  J''ii^lisli  lied,  whii-li  ho  wishnl  to  ro- 
coimoitro.     Soim;  lioals  g;ivo   liiiu  chaso,  but  ho   roachotl 
hiad,    and  by    a   sliiup  liro  oi    niuskotry,  couipcilod   hia 
pursuors  to  make  for  tlieir  sliii)s.' 

Tlio  ni'xt  day,  an  Eiif^disli  bark  full  of  soldiurs  ap- 
proatditul  tho  St.  Cliailos  Itivor  to  rocounoitro  a  placo  for 
debarkation  Ijetwecu  Jj(!au[)()rt  and  that  river ;  but  it 
grounded  (piito  far  from  tho  bliore.  It  nevertholoss  kept 
up  (piitt)  a  l)risk  tire,  but  it  was  well  answered.  Some  of 
our  brave  fellows  rushed  to  attaek  tlm  I)ark,  Imt  they  eould 
not  reaeli  it  witliout  ^'oiuj;  waist  deep  in  water,  aud  tho 
plan  hud  to  be  abiindoned.' 

-he  Count  do  Frontenae's  main  object  was  to  induce  tho  Fminninc's 

•'  plan  1(11-  (lu- 

cuemy  to  cross  the  St.  Chai'les,  and  they  could  in  fact  at-  icndiri!,' 
tack  the  city  eOeetually  oidy  on  that  side.  His  reason 
was  that  this  river  being  fordaMe  only  at  low  tide,  ho 
could,  when  they  had  once  crosstul  it,  without  mucli  risk, 
advance  to  engage  tliem,  and  they,  once  routed,  could  never 
rally,  while  obliged  to  march  knee-dee])  in  mud  to  reach 
their  boats.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  French  crossed 
the  river  to  meet  them,  they  could  do  so  only  under  ecpial 
disadvantage.  Tliis  reasoning  could  be  retorted,  by  re- 
marking that  if  the  enemy  after  crossing  the  river  drove 
our  men  successfully,  they  could,  being  opi)osito  the  weak- 
est part  of  the  city,  enter  it  with  the  fugitives  ;  but  tho 
general  reckoned  too  much  on  the  valor  of  his  troops 
to  fear  this  disaster,  moreover  he  was  resolved  not  to  strip 
the  fortifications  of  soldiers,  and  to  bo  always  at  hand  to 
support  his  men.  It  was  ^oou  clear  that  ho  reasoned  well. 
On  the  eighteenth,  at  uoou,  almost  all   tho  boats  were 


'  Di' Monscignat,  Kt'lation.    N.  Y.  ii.,  p.  4;!0.    Miijor  Wallc.v,  .Jdnnml  in 

''ol.    Poc,    ix.,   p.   480.     Lo  Clcmi,  tlic     Expcilitidii     iiLrniMst     Ciuiada, 

Ktal)liss('iiii'iit  di'  la  Fni,  ii.,   ji.  I'.'S.  (IlutcUinsoii,  i..  p.    Ul  i  ili>sii;nali  ."i  it 

'  Tuesdiiy,  Ktli.    ])r   .Miiiisrii;nat.  a.--"  iln' vi-.^r~i>l  ('.■ipt   K,|iliriiiiii  SavaLX^ 

Hclatinii.   is'.  Y.  Col.  Dor.,  ix,,]!.  (s'l.  was  in,"  and  CoHnij   .MiuhiT  (Majx., 

Le  CkTcij,  Etaljlissemunt  ile  !a  Foi,  B  k  II.,  p.  49),  adds,  •  witli  00  men." 


i  > 


m 


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170 


IIISTOIIY  OF  NEW  FIIANCE 


(:■: 


•■4 


161;  1,  f^t't'ii  lulviuifiiif,'  on  that  Hiimo  Hido,  filkul  witli  soldiers  ; 
but  iia  tlio  iu't'iicli  could  not  guess  iu  what  [iicciso  spot 
thoy  would  attempt  a  landing,  the  enu..iy  found  no  one  to 
oppose  them.'  As  hoon  as  the  ti't)ops  were  landed,  do 
Frontenae  sent  a  dtitachuient  of  tht^  militia  of  .Alontital 
and  Three  Kivfis  to  harass  them.  Tliese  Mert^  joined  liy 
some  farmers  of  iJeauport,  hut  the  wholu  numbered  only 
about  throe  huudrod  nieu,"  and  the  English  wtae  at  least 
lifteou  hundn  d,  drawn  up  in  battalions  iu  very  lair 
ord(;r.° 

Moreover,  as  tho  ground  nt  that  place  was  marshy,  set 
with  tliickots  and  eut  u^)  with  rocks,  tho  tide  low,  and  no 
way  to  reacli  the  enemy  except  to  mareli  thtonili  tlie 
nmd,  they  coiUd  only  bo  attacked  by  skirmishi  rs  and 
H([uads.  For  tho  same  reason  the  English  could  derive  no 
advantage  from  their  supeiior  numbers,  lleuce  that  day 
there  was  no  fighting  except  in  Indian  style. 

This  fashion  not  only  disconcerted  tho  English,  who 
wore  unaccustomed  to  it,  but  even  prevented  their  know- 
ing how  small  a  number  they  had  on  their  hands.  The 
action  lasted  about  an  hour,  the  Canadians  bounding  from 
rock  to  rock,  all  around  the  English,  who  durst  not  scatter  ; 
tho  constant  tire  they  kept  up  did  no  great  injury  to  men 
who  did  nothing  but  appear  and  vanish,  and  wIkjso  shots 
all   told,   because  tlie    battalions   kept   drawn   up   close. 


'  De  Monscignnt,  RfliUion,  &e., 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  i>.  IST.  Account 
sent  by  I.a  Fknir  dc  Miii,  (Il>.,  )). 
4.'j;).  !>(■  hi  I'otlii'iii',  llistoiiv  (Ic 
rAincriiiiif,  iii.,  ji.  117.  Ilr  brinj^'s 
it  in  iibniptly,  onuttinjr  pnrt  of  da 
^binsi'ii;niit  Walli'V,  Journal  on  the 
Espcdition,  ^Ihlt(■hinslln,  Ilititoryof 
Miifsnchu.>iftts,  i.,  (1  IT'^i,  says,  "  Ik 
landi'd  Oct.  8,  (),  S.,  with  betwfcn 
l'.200und  loUOnicii.  La  IIontan,Voy- 
aj,^i'B,  i.,  ]).  'XVi,  says,  tho  boats  made 
tliroi)  trips,  and  sujiposi-d  they 
hindod  1000  or  1200  each  time.  Ho 
says  the  r-pot  was  (jppositc  Islu 
Orloaus,  a  hayuo  and  a  iiall'  bi'low 


Qiifboc.  Smith,  ITiHtory  ofCiinnda, 
i.  ]).  104,  savB  they  limdrd  at  I.a 
t'anardii'ro.  Matlicr(.\hi{,nuiliii,  IVk 
II.,  p.  50),  after  nuntioninf,'  that  the 
force  was  reduced  by  small-i>nx, 
gives  1 -100  as  the  force  that  landed. 

-  La  lloutan  says  JOO  miMi  and 
50  olU<'ers  ;  and  adds  that  they 
he  Were  jiosted  iu  a  'mshy  trad,  three 
(luarters  of  a  mile  wide  and  half  11 
leafjiie  from  where  tlii^  Knglish 
landed.     Voya'tjes,  i.,  \i.  '.il4. 

■'  The  French  estiniati.'  of  the  En 
filish  numbers  is  pretty  close 
Walley  supposes  'hi'  I'reni'h  lorce  7 
(ir  yOO.      JciUinal.  &c,,  p.  Imv. 


HIHTOHV  OF  NI'^W   FIl.VNCE. 


177 


Tlioy  w<«ro  ao.v)nlin-ly  Hooii  in  .lisonl.n-.     Tlioy  took  tho      1690. 
Ca.iiidiauH  for  lu.liaiH,  uud  as  tlmy  foil  back,  vvoro  liour.l         ' 
Hayius'  that  thoro  was  an  Imliau  hchiinl  ovory  troo.' 

Frontouao,  so  as  not  to  ^ivo  tlimii  loisuro  to  porroivo  ^^,.,,  „,„,.^^, 
that,  tli.^y  had  iu  front  only  a  haiiafiil  of  mou,  ordorod  up  bcuui-oru 
a  battalion  of  roHulars  (o  covur  thoir  rutroat,  which  ho 
soundod  as  soon  as  day  bo^'au  to  wano.  In  this  alfair  wo 
hwt  tho  Chevalior  do  Clorniout,  and  tho  son  of  tho  Si(niv  do 
la  Toiiolu',  Suij^'Hcur  of  Champlain,  who  had  followed  tho 
militia  .'IS  vr'      Nmu's.   Wo  had  als)  tm  or  twelve  woundod,' 

tho  1  .nj,'uishod  of  whom  was  the  Sieiir  Judiereaii 

do  Saiut  Donys,  Sei^,'neur  of  U.^uiport,  wli.»  couuuauded 
his  tenantry.  Thoti.^di  over  sixty  ho  fou-ht  with  ^roat  val- 
or, till  ho  had  an  arm  broken  by  a  ninsket  ball.  Tho 
Kin^  soon  after  rewarded  his  zeal  and  coiifi,L?o  by  |,'vaut- 
in^  him  letters  of  noliiUty  ;'  and  at  tho  sauio  tinio  con- 
ferred tho  same  favor  on  Sieur  Ucrtel,  whoon  all  oeeasioua 
distin,L,'nished  himself  at  tho  head  of  the  Thnio  llivers 
militia.  This  day  cost  the  enemy  one  liuudred  and  tifty 
men,  and  thoy,  iu  rovougo,  sot  tiro  to  some  neighboring 
houses.* 


'  Ph  Monscigimt.  ligation,  &c., 
N.  Y.  Col  Doc,  is.,  p.  4sr.  Dc  Iu 
Pothorii!,  Uistoiro  do  riViin'ii'iU" 
Si'ptciitriiuialo,  iii.,  \>.  117.  I.ii 
ClltTai.  Ktiiblissi'ini'iit  du  la  Voi, 
ii,,  p.  4:il-'J.  Im  llontau,  Voyages, 
i.,  p.  :)ll. 

■•'  lb.  Wallcy,  .loumal&c,  (llutcli- 
insoii.  i.,  p.  4?;!),  supposes  he  killed 'JO 
or  iilli)l'  tho  French.  La  Hontiiii  iuake» 
the  Ki'onch  loss  10  coureursdo  bois, 
4  otiicers  and  'i  Indiaus.  Lieut,  t'ler- 
inout.  Josei)h  de  la  Toucho  and  ono 
othiii'  killod  on  the  18th,  were  bu- 
ried Oct.  33  at  Ueauport.  Lau,i^■(^ 
vin.  Archives  do  N.  Lt.  do  Beau- 
port,  1.,  ]).  4G. 

•''  Nicholas  .luchereaudi!  St.  Denis, 
son  of  John  Juchereau,  Sieur  do 
More,  a  native  of  Ferte  V'idaiue, 
came  to  Quebec  iu  1040.    In  1049 


he  married  Mary  (firturl,  dauLjIitiT 
of  one  of  the  olde.-t  settlers.  Uo 
served  long  and  well.  'I'he  nobility 
grunted  was  not  a  title,  but  merely 
the  right  to  bo  styled  Ks(iuirt.'.  llu 
died  at  Ueauport  iu  11)1)2,  aged  00,  aud 
was  buried  the  .'jth  Oct.  Langevin, 
Archivi  s  de  N.  D.  de  Ui^auport,  I,  p. 
fiO.  Daniel,  Nosdloires.i., p.  IDT-JO,-). 
<  De  Mouseignat,  Uelution,  &c., 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  4sT.  Do  la 
Potherie,  Ilistoiro  do  I'Amerique 
Sept.,  iii.,  p.  117.  Le  Clorcq,  Eta- 
bllssement  de  la  Foi,  ii,,  p.  4;J3.  La 
llontau.  Voyages,  i.,  p.  314,  makes 
tilt!  I'^ugliah  loss  tiOO ;  by  actual 
count.  Wa  .ey,  in  Ida  Journal 
(llutcldnsou's  History  of  Massachu- 
setts, i.,  p.  47J)  says  killed  four  (Uit- 
right,  and  not  liss  than  00  oUicers 
and  soldiors  woimded. 


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IIISTUIJY   OF  NEW   FlfANCK. 


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1690.         Tlio  siviTio  cvcnin;,'  tlio   four  lavf^cst  sliipH  aneliorod  bo- 

^'^~y'~—  foio  tlio  city,'  tin?  llciir  Ailiiiiijirs  ll;i<j;ship  boiiriii};  tlio  l»Iuo 

lliig  a  littlo  to  tho  loft  towiinl   tlio  Sault  an  Miittlot,  or 
Tlio  enriiiy  ^    -i      >     i  »  1     •      1  1  •       •    1  1       »••        .   1     ■      1 

ciiiinoiiiidc  oailor  s  Loup,  tho  Ailiiiiral  on  his  nj^lit  ;  tho  vico  Adiiiiral 

wiiii.im  re-  a  littlo  bolow,"  both  oppositi!  tho  lower  lowu.  Tho  fourth, 
which  boro  a  Commoiloro's  poiiuaiit,  atlvaucctl  towards 
Cape  Diamoud.  Tho  city  salutod  them  first ;  tluy  then 
began  a  heavy  canuouado  which  v/aa  well  answered. 
Haiuio  Heleiie  aimed  ahiiost  all  the  guns  of  tho  jirineijial 
battery,  and  not  one  of  his  shots  failed  to  tell.  Tiiut 
day  tho  enemy  fired  only  at  tho  Upper  Town,  where  thev 
killed  one  man,  and  wounded  two,  without  doing  auyotlu^r 
damage.* 

Their  animosity  was  directed  chiefly  against  tho  Jesu- 
its, to  whom  thoy  attributed  all  tho  ravages  committed  by 
the  Abena(iuis  in  Now  England,  and  thoy  had  d»!clared 
that  when  they  took  tho  town,  t'lo  Jesuits  should  bo  niado 
to  sull'er  ;  but  uot  one  of  their  balls  struck  the  college,  and 
their  threats  coming  to  the  oars  of  Sainto  Ueleno,  his 
brothers,  and  some  of  the  other  more  prominent  Cana- 
dians, those  gallant  men  jirotestod  that  they  would  all  soon- 
er die  fighting  before  tho  doors  of  those  religious,  than  suf- 
fer them  to  receive  tho  least  insult. 

About  eight  o'clock  tho  firing  ceased  on  both  sides. 


'  ('apt.  Ori'gory  Siiftnre  whh  Ail- 
uinil  on  tin-  Six  Krii'iulH ;  ('u])!. 
CiirtiT,  Vicc-.Vdiiiiriil  (Hi  tin  .Iiihii 
anil  'riiimiuH  ;  t'apt.  (iillii-rt,  Hiuir 
Admiral  on  tlif  Si'vcru.  Sniilli, 
History  of  t'aniula,  i.  p.  UO.  Old- 
ini\iin.  i.,  140. 

'  IV  .Moiiwi^'nat,  N.  Y.  ('<>1.  Dik'., 
is.,  p.  4S7,  lit!  I'li-Tcii,  ii.,  p.  4;);i, 
and  Do  la  rotheriis  iii.,  p.  117,  nay 
tlliiiri: 

'  Do  Monsfifrnat,  Uclation,  N.  Y. 
Col.  D.IC.,  ix.,  J).  4sy.  Dc  la  I'oihu- 
rie,  llintoirii  do  rAni('rii|iii'  Sep- 
tcntrionalf,  iii.,  p.  118.  I.o 
ClcTcq,  liiulilisBi-iiieut,  ii.,  p.  4;W. 
Mother    Jucliereau,     llistoirj     dw 


rilotcl  Diou.  p.  ii'Ht,  Htati'H  that  tlm 
I'Jifflixli  aiincd  t'Hpi'ciiiily  iit  tlio 
spiro  of  tlio  Ciitliodriil  on  wliioli  Ijud 
liooii  huH)^  up  a  picluro  of  tlio  llnlv 
Kiiniily  takon  from  tlio  I'lMiliiio 
I'MUVont,  (l.oH  rrNuliMos  do  ^no- 
Iioc,  i.,  p.  47».)Hnil  tliiit  liis  Imlls  ac 
ronlin^'ly  wont  ovit  tho  town. 
'I'wonty  Mix  cannoulpall..*  loll  in  iho 
HoMiiital  Ciinvont  gromulH  and  uoru 
Hont  down  to  tho  battorion  tn  ho 
UHod  a^'iiin.  (,Iuclioroau.)  Tho  I'rsu- 
lino  Convont  rooiivid  wvonil  halls 
also,  oni'  iii'iirly  killing u  mm.  I<og 
I'rwiilinos  do  liiiolioc-,  i.,p.  471.  La 
Ilontan.  \'nyHf:o?<,  i.,  p.  '.illi.  siioaku 
vory  lightly  of  the  damage  done. 


V-.*     ._»«... 


HIHTOUY    OK    NKW    I-»AN<K 


179 


The  next  (lay,   (!)(•  city  wus  ij^'aiii  the  first  to  opcii,  nuil  tin)        ,^ 
Iji^'lisli  tii'i)  wiis  not  as  brisk  as  it  had  lii't-u  the  day  laifoic. 
Alter  sdiiic  tiiuo  tho  llfar-Adiiiinvl  found  liiiusclf  ho  cut  up 
hy  tli(>  Saiilt  au  Matt'h)t  hattorifs,  and  hy  tliat  lowor  down  CMmprilrri 
on  tlio  left,  tliat  lio  was   couipfncd   to  draw  oil".     TIks  Ad-    iVirnui" 
iiiiral    soon    followed    him    with    precipitation.       IIu    was   '"""■' "^''■• 
pit  rcrd  in  scvoral  places'  at  tlm  water  lino,  had  moro  than 
twenty  halls   in  his  hull,  almost  all  his  rij^'j^iiif;  cut,   his 
mainmast    nearly    severed,  and    a  f^reat   numl)er  of    his 
sailois  and  soldiers  killeil  and   wounded.     The  two  other 
vessels  held  out  a  little  while  h)Uf^er,   but  at  uoon  they 
ceased  tirin;^,  and  at  live  in   the  afternoon  rau  into  tho 
Anso  dis  .Mercs,  l)ehin<l  Cape  Diamond,  to  be  out  of  reach 
of  our  cannon.     Nor  did  tlu^y  remain  long  there,  for  they 
were  exjjoscd  to  a  sharp  tire  of  musketry,  which  killotl 
many,  and  forced  them  to  draw  ofl"  still  further.' 

All  that  day,  tiie  troo|)s  who  had  landed  near  I3eauport,  Swond  rc- 
remained  cpiietly  in  their  cainj),  iiud  tlie  ircnch  contented     i,iii,i,(i 
themselves  with  watchiii!^  them.     Early  ou  the  twentieth,     "'""l"'- 
they  boat  to  .arms,  and  dreiv  up  in  line.     In  this  posture 
they  reniainetl  till  two  o'l-lock  in  the  afternoon,  constantly 
shouting:  "  Hurrah  for  King  William!"     Then   they  ad- 
vanced,   and    from    their   movements    seemed  to    intend 
luarchiiig  on  tho  city,  having  platoons  ou  tho  wiugs  aud 
Indians  in  tho  van.' 

For  some  time  they  marched  .along  tho  littlo  rivor  iu 
very  gO(jd  order;  but  ^Messrs.  de  Longueil  and  do  Saiuto 
Heleue,  at  the  head  of  '2fM»  volunteers,  iutorceptod  them, 

'  »)<i. !»  (t.  .'^  ,  U<  N.  S.  til.'  loss  .)!•   til.-  AdmirarH   ting,   \h 

't',)ii,iii    .Matli.r,    Life  of   PliipH,  4:il.      Sc'    \iitc,   p.  171.      Wnll.-y, 

(MiiLMialiii,  II.,  p.  ,-)(>.(  nnd  Si.in.'Frw  .liuirmil,  p.    47:M,  ndiuits   tlmt   Sir 

HiiimrUs,  p.   .jl,   savs  his  ship  wan  WilliniuH  ship  ntiirrifd  v.tv  iiiiicli 

shot  ihiiiiiMli  in  ail  hiiiidri'il   plac.s;  disabl.Ml.     Mjrr.    <lc    l.avnl,     l.i'ttcr, 

tliDiifrh  Hc.JNTt  Cal.-r.  Mon-Wdiidrrs,  Ni>v.  2(1.   KilHI,  cHtimat.-H    that  they 

p.  1  Hi,  savs  i.iilv  in  s.'v.'n.  lircd  JdOO  liallH  ut  the  town. 

■  DcMonsi'ipiat.   Hclatii.n.  \.  Y,  *  Aircmnt   sent   liy  tlio   Fl.'iir  do 

•••>1    Doc,  iv.,  p.  .jss.     I),,  la    I'.ilh.'.  .Mai.     N.    Y.  C.l.    Doc,  I  x.  p.    l.-.T. 

li.'.  Ilistoiiv  d,.  I'Am.'iiqut'  Septcn-  Wall.'v,    Journal    in     Iliiichiiisonrt 

lrii>hal-.  iii.  p.  ll'.l.  .Massiichiisi'tt!.,    i.,   p.    47).  Kays,   11, 

IjoCki'a)  lueutious  ul   this  point  1).  8. 


i  'H 


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14, 


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180 


UISTORY  OF  NEW  FllANCE. 


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Mr.  d« 

Suillt     III' 

Iciu'in'irtul 


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.690.  ftinl  Hkiriuisliiii}^  in  tLe  siinio  jiirtiuicr  as  on  tlio  IHth,  kfjit 
up  Kuch  foustiiut  iiii'l  \vi'll-tiiii«'(l  volleys,  ii.s  to  clrivo 
thorn  to  tho  Hlioltor  of  a  littlo  wood,  trim  which  thoy 
poured  out  a  very  heavy  tiro.  There  our  men  left  th-^  in, 
aud  retreated  iu  f^ood  ordt>r.' 

Tu  tluH  second  action  wo  had  two  men  killed  and  four 
wounded,  inclndinj,',  anion^  the  latter,  the  two  coinnian- 
ly woiimlcd.  dants,  who  were  ulways  ti^'htiii};  with  their  usual  valor  ;it 
the  head  of  tlicir  men;  ^Ir.  tie  lionL^'ueil  ^'ot  nlV  with  a  iintty 
Bevens  coiitusinn  ;  liut  Saint  ilelme,  his  Inother,  wisliin^' 
to  take  a  prisoner,  reet'ived  a  ninsket-liall  iu  the  knee. 
The  wound  was  not  ajiparently  dangerous,  hut  he  died 
nevertheless,  a  few  days  after,  to  the  great  regret  of  all 
his  colony,  who  h)st  iu  him  one  of  tho  most  amiahlo 
cavaliers  and  hravest  m(!U  it  ever  j)ossessed.' 

During  this  action,  Frontenac  had  advanced  in  person 
at  the  head  of  three  battalions  of  his  regular  troops  and 
had  drawn  them  up  in  line  of  hattlo  on  tho  bank  of  tho 
little  river,  intending  to  cross,  if  his  volunti'ers  were  too 
hard  pressed  ;  but  tho  enemy  gave  him  no  occasion  to  bo 
more  than  a  spectator  of  the  cond)at.  Their  loss  this  day 
■was  at  least  as  great  as  on  the  tirst  occasion  ;  but  w  hen 
they  saw  the  French  retire,  they  fell  on  tho  cattle,  which 

'  Dc  MonHpiguBt,    liclntinn,    &c.,  left    on    tlm    fifli;.       Iluti'hiuHDn'a 

N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  !>.  41^8.     IV  la  MiissiicliuwttH,   i.,    j).    475.     Hu  In- 

Potlierio,    IIiHUiire    do    rAnirrii|iii)  ti'iulcd   to   fro  ott'  that    nifjlit.   Imt 

Sept.,   iii.,    p.  110.     Lt-  ('l«r'(|,  Ktu  tlicri'    liciiijj  mnw  Cdiit'iisiou  In-  ili'- 

blisHi'iui'iit    ill"  In    Foi.  ii.    p.    l;!."),  fcrrcil    it.     The   next   day,  ((Jet.  U 

liiintimis    biwdi'H  Lonjrinil  iiiul   St.  — »1).    tliry   slixxl    to    tlnir    iiriiia 

Il(■l(•n(^  (Ic  .Moncarvilli'.  d'olciirKjnn  itll   diiy.  dniiiiH   bcntiiig,   colore  fly- 

and  dc   R('|«'iitij,'ny.      I,u  Iloiitnii,  iii^'. 

Voynjrcs,  i.,  p.  •.Jl.'i,  nmkrs  the  Kn  '  !)<■  MoiiHciirimt.  Holntion,  1(180- 
glish  losH:iO()<)r40n.  Wnlli-y  ntatc«  00,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  4«8.  Ku- 
that  a  council  WHS  hchl  Oct.  0,0.  S.,  lation,  lOOO-Ol.  lb.,  p.SlU.  I)«!  hi 
and  it  \\a:'  rcsolvcil  to  rccnilmrk.  I'othiTic,  llistoiro  dc  I'Anicritiuu 
He  went  ni'Xt  day,  Oct.  10— 'JO.  to  Se|itentrioualc,  iii.,  p.  IIU.  Lo 
Phipps  to  coniiiiunicnte  this  dec  I-  Cicic(|,  Ii,  p.  ilu,  conCoiinds  St.  He- 
won.  During  hisabsciice  the' Krcnch  Icne  and  his  brother.  I.a  Ilnntan, 
charged  his  outguards,  .Major  Sav-  Voyages,  I.,  p.  -Jl.T,  niaki'S  the 
age  B<  ut  relief  and  then  retreated.  French  losB  in  whites  and  Indians 
He  gives  his  loss  at  four  wounded,  I'.bout  10.  The  others  say  two 
one   of  whom  died,  and   one  drum  killed  and  four  wouiidwl. 


^\ 


If 


IIISTOUV    OF    NEW  FHANCR 

tlioy  hail  iiogloctcd  to  snmiro,  iind  slau^^litoicd  tliom  ftll, 
Komliiij,'  ii  part  on  Ixxird  tlio  iluot  wLoio  thuy  wero  iu  j^roat 
want  of  frtisli  moat.' 

Tho  followiur,'  niglit,  tbo  Admiral  soiit  thciii  fivo  six- 
Iiomid(!i-s,  wliicli  tlio  bosiegod  did  not  know  till  tlioy 
opened  tlit;ir  lire.'  Tho  English  bogan  their  march  with 
this  artillery,  with  tho  view  of  broaching  tho  city  walls  ;' 
but  tlioy  were  not  allowed  to  go  far.  Tho  Siour  do  Vil- 
lion,  rediu'tid  lieutenant,  who  had  obtained  from  tho  gen- 
eral a  small  detachment  of  soldiers,  all  mou  of  good  will, 
had  set  out  before  thoy  had  loft  their  camp,  as  though  ho 
had  designed  to  carry  a  part  of  it,  and  ho  had  boon 
closely  followed  by  some  other  small  parties,  headed  by 
Messrs.  d(!  Cabanas,  Duclos  and  do  Boaumauoir.' 

Villieu,  who  was  tho  lirst  to  comc!  up  with  tho  oncmy, 
laid  an  ambuscade,  and  by  skirmishing,  drew  them  into 
it  ;  there  ho  long  withstood  all  their  etl'orts,  and  whoa 
they  saw  that  they  could  not  make  him  recoil,  they  at- 
tempted to  surround  him  ;  but  ouo  of  tho  detachments 
formed  to  eft'ect  this,  fell  into  a  second  ambuscade,  where 
tho  nuiU  of  Beauport,  Beaupro  and  Isle  Orleans,  com- 
manded by  the  Sieur  Carie,  awaittsd  them  :  another  was 
nii^t  by  tho  three  ollicers  just  mentioned,  and  both  detach- 
ments were  thrown  into  great  disorder." 


Tliinl  nnd 

inline  ilc- 

lisivi!  ac- 

tiuu. 


m 


m 


;  y. 


'  Dc   Mimsi'ignut,  Ki'liition,  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  ISS, 

■•'  Till'  uccciunt  wiiit  by  llic  Klinir 
(ii-  Mai,  N,  Y.  ('i)l.  DiKv,  ix.,  p  I"i7. 
iiiiikcs  tliis  to  Imvr  horn  Saluiilav. 
•,Msl,  but  Walloy  says  lliat  tho  six 
liiUl  piocefi  wen-  laiuU'd  ilth,  ()  S. 
(li>,  N.  S.,)  lliitdiiusou's  .Massiicliu 
sottH,  i.,  p.  47;i. 

'  WiiKoy  makes  this  a  dotach 
iiioiit  of  thri'i!  parth's  to  drive  ofl' 
tlio  I'roucli  wliik!  ho  embarked. 
Iliilc  liiuson,  i.,  p.  17.-).  Mather  iiieii 
timis  wlii'olbarrows,  eacli  with  two 
I'etarruros.  Alaghalia,  Book  II.,  p. 
50. 


*  Diielos  do  BeauiimDoir.  De 
.Aloiiseijriiat,  N.  Y.  Col.  D(H\,  ix.,  p. 
•Iss. 

'-  Ho  Moiifoij;nat,  Uolation,  N.  Y. 
Col  l>oe..  ix.,  p.  ISy.  I),,  hi  I'othu- 
rio.  ll'^toiro  do  rAiiirrii|uo,  lii.,  p. 
lli(.  lio  Clcri'ii,  EtabliHsoiuint  de 
hi  I'oi,  ii..  pp.  4;!7-H.  Tills  atliiir  t<H)k 
place  Oet.  IK).  S.,il  N,  S  ,  (Walh-y's 
Journal,  IIuti'hiiisouH  History  of 
Mass.,  p.  47ii,)  an  1  i.-  represented  by 
him  as  merelyii  diver.-iion  to  cover  liis 
retreat,  by  three  small  parties  sent 
to  beat  up  the  swamps:  but  supportr 
ed  afterwards  by  several  ccmipanies 
who  kept  up  the  tiro  till  uight. 


^I| 


"  ■f: 


4 


;f;'/ 


182 


UISTOIJV    OF  NKW    KiJANCE. 


|!', 


i'^( 


i    i 


ifn)o.  'p|,„  contoHt  wiiH,  liowcviT,  too  nii('(|u.'il  on  tlic  side  of  tlic 
Fiviich,  to  1k>  loii},'('r  iimiiitiiiiicd,  ami  ii^'icciihlv  to  the  <'oii- 
ceiti'd  plan,  tlioy  Ix-guu  to  full  Itiu-k  slowly,  ki'»'i)in^,'  up  a 
constant  liru  till  tlu  ycononlratrtl  near  a  stoc-kadid  liouso 
on  an  i'inin<  iicc  Ilcri',  i>rotcct»nl  liy  tlio  italisailcs,  they 
made  a  staml,  poiuiii},'  in  so  deadly  a  iiit^  as  to  clit'ck  tlio 
whole  Ent,disli  army.  Then  tlio  Enf,'lish  lK'<^an  to  use 
their  ticld-pieeos,  but  au  answer  was  given  liy  the  liattory 
at  tlu  Ijittle  lliver  Ciate;  moreover,  the  l')n;.;lish  tiieil  so 
badly  that  they  did  not  wound  a  single  jurson.  Nor  was 
tho  nmskL'try  tiro  more  olVeetive;  it  killi'd  only  a  young 
scholar'  and  wounded  only  ouo  Indian. 

This  tiro  lasted  till  iiigiit,  when  tiie  English  retired, 
swearing  against  tlio  Froiieh,  who  fought,  they  said,  l)o- 
hiud  hedges  and  hushes,  like  I.idiaus.'  What  liually  in- 
duced them  to  retreat  was  their  largo  number  of  dead  and 
wounded.  They  retired  at  first  iu  toleral)le  order  ;  but  the 
retreat  soon  beoamo  a  iiert'eet  llight,  w  hen  tlii-j'  heard  tho 
tocsiu  sounded  by  tho  Cathedral.  They  imagined  they 
were  going  to  have  the  Governor-Geuoral  and  all  tho  reg- 
ulars upon  them,  and  their  only  thought  was  to  reach 
their  eamj)  with  all  possible  speed.  Yet  the  tocsiu  was 
merely  a  stratagem  of  the  Sicnr  Dupuys,  Lieutcnant-par- 
ticulier  of  (Quebec,  who  had  been  an  ollicer  before  becom- 
ing a  magistrate,  and  w  ho  had  voluntarily  assumed,  during 
the  siege,  tho  duties  of  Adjutant,  which  ho  discharged 
very  ably.' 

While  this  was  taking  place  uear  tho  Little  River,  tho 
two  hostile  vessels  that  were  above  Quebec,  fell  down  with 
tho   tide   to  resume  their  position  iu   tho  line  :  as   they 


'  TliiH    yoiiiif;    iiiaii    whh     I'rtcr  ■  De    Mmiwiitiint,   lirliition,   &o., 

Jlniifili*,  stmlciit    in  iihilimnpliy,  iit  N.  Y.  Col.  Dkc,  ix..  p.  .(Ss-O,  Fron- 

Quclitr,  u'lmiKli'd  in  tlic  arm.  Nnv.  tcnncV  nis|)nlcli.     II).,  ];.  4<iO.     Ac- 

l.*).  (lied  K).    .\lii-illi',  i.,  No.  11.    'I'lic  rotiiit  hriil  liy  tin' Fliurdc  Mni.    lb., 

(•tiidciits  lit  till'  Iriiliisliiiil    KrliiKil  III  |i.  ^-'iS.      1.k' ('l<Tri|,  FtalilixwiiU'lit  de 

St.  .loncliiiii,  totlir  iiuiiibrr  ol  IK.  nil  la  Foi,  ii,.  p.   .i;i'.t.     Di'   la  I'olliirir, 

voliintiiri'd,    Jiiclirriuu,    Hint,    dc  Him.  di' l'.\iin'ri(|ui' Si']it  .  iii,,p.  I'JO. 

rilotrl  ]>ifu,  1).  iiUl.     L'Abi'illi',  i.,  '■'  l)f    la     I'othcric,    llintoiru    do 

No.  41.  AnuTiijui'  Srpt.   iii.,  p.  I'JO. 


•^ 


msTOUY   OK  NKW    FUANCE. 


183 


jmssod   boforo  tlio  city,  llii>y  rocoived  soiuo  caniiouadinj^      169a 
imd    iisturuod    it,  bnt  witlioiit  doiiij;   any  diiumj,'o.'     Tlio   ^'-v— ' 
ni;,'!it  of  till)  '21st   and  '22A  was  v<  ry  darli   and   rainy  ;  tin-  -pi,,,  ,,ii,.iuy 
Enf,disli  who  liad  lamltd  near  l!(  luiuoit  availed  llninsclvcs    ,'■'"';■"■'>. 
of  it  to  dccaniu;  Honu>  dctaclinu'nts,  wiio  iiad  by  Fronti;-  ""i''"rt'i- 
nac's   oidiTH   j^didcd  to  tlioir  roar,  havinj^   excitiul  Uf^aiu 
tlioir  ft'ar  of  boin<,' attacked  by  all  the  forces  of  the  oolony. 
Tht'V  at'(!ordinf,'Iy  rej^aint'd  their  boats  witlioutoveu  taking 
time  to  cany  ofl'  their  eannou.' 

At  dayl)reak,  H(mio  Indians  who  were  roconnoitrinR,  an- 
nounced the  retreat  of  the  En^jjlisli,  and  in  their  camp 
were  found,  Itesidcs  tlie  tield-pieeen,  nionnted  on  tlieir  car- 
ria;,'e.s,  a  liundred  pounds  of  powder,  and  forty  to  fifty  cau- 
non-i)alls.  .Sometime  after,  tiiree  arnu'd  boats  returned  to 
carry  oil'  what  tlicy  had  ne>;I(H-ted  to  take  with  thorn; 
but  tliose  who  were  ah'eady  in  jjossession,  opened  ho 
.siiarp  a  tire  on  tiio  boats  tliat  tiiey  (hirst  not  land.  The 
Admiral,  perceiving,'  it,  sent  thirty  niort! ;  bnt  those  in 
command,  after  holding  a  council  out  of  musket  range, 
deemed  it  inexpedient  to  attempt  a  landing,  and  they  re- 
turned to  the  ships.' 


'  Sonic  (iDcuiiiciitM  Hiiy  lliiit  it  wuB 
on  tlii'  aliuriioou  of  thf  '.2'Ja  tliat  thu-it; 
vcHinMn  ri'tiriHl.  i'lutrlifnix.  {),• 
Moiisci^nat  niiys  :M.hI.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.ix..  p.  1^1),  us  Jc)  111!'  Al'Couiu  by 
the  Kluurdf  .Miii.  lb.,  p.  1,')8,  and  (it- 
la  rothcrie,  iii.,  p.  \H).  \a-  CK  rc(|. 
ii.,  p.  HI,  wcms  to  huvii  luislcil 
Cliurli'voix.  a»  hu  lueutious  tht;  'J'Jd 
ou  p.  ll;j. 

"  D<?  Monsciguat,  Uelation,  (bc., 
N.  Y.  fol.  D(K'.,  ix.,  p.  181)  lb.,  p. 
ioS.  l)i-  la  Pothcrif,  iii.,  ]>.  120. 
Li^ttiT  of  Mfir.  di'  Laval,  Nov.  -JO. 
1«U0,  in  L'AlxMlJf,  i..  No.  vi. 

"  lb.  Wulli-yV  Jouiiiftl,  Ilutcliiii- 
Bon's  History  of  MassacliiiK-tt.s,  p. 
477.  waVH  tliat  live  cannon  f;ot  cc  v- 
LTrd  by  uiitrrand  wcir  ovciloo  iiil; 
'■  thi'y  sK,'nt  in  tliiiiiorninf;,  Imt  tlirii 
it  was  too  liiti;."     l-'rontfuac  to  the 


Minister,  N.  V.  C.,!.  1),„.„  ix.,  ,,. 
Ml).  Can.  Dim-.,  II.,  v.,  p.  UiT,  uayu 
till'  Kirncli  iimnd  tin'  live  caiuion  at 
low  WHiiT.  ChaliiuTs'  I'olit.  .\nn. 
(N.  Y.  HiMi,  SikV  Coll..  Ks(i.si  p.  57. 
.lojin  Wiillcy,  i-oniinaiiilfr  o(  the 
land  forrcN  in  I'liipps'  Kxiicdition, 
wan  a  Hon  of  IJcv.  Thomas  Walley  of 
Harnisvillc  ;  born  in  l(i|:i,  fri'finan 
ill  !()(!:!.  captain  in  Ui7!),  intcrcatud 
in  the  HettlcMi-nt  of  Hrislol,  in  KiSG 
in  AndroM'  couiicil.  Ho  publisliud  a 
.Journal  of  liin  opcnitionH,  citeil  in 
thf.sc  notes.  In  1710-11  lie  was 
.Iudj,'oofthoSup<'riorCourtand  died 
in  IJoBton,  Jan'y  11,  V,Vi.  Savago's 
cienealoirical  Dict'y.  iv.,  100.  lllst. 
Aiic.  and  lion.  Artillery,  Is.').  Dex. 
lerV  Chiircli,  ii,,p.  1."),  nut.'.  Allen'.s 
lliog.  Dict'y,  llisexjH'dition  ivacheU 
Boston  again,  Nov.  11). 


■  i!'r 


I  i 


t 


♦ 


♦.1 


\ 


"f, 


184  HIHTOHY  OF  NKW  FRANCE. 

i6go.  Fioutonnc!  boKtowcil  f,'ront  jmiist^  on  all  who  took  j)art 

"■'"''  *" '  ill  the  last  Uftiou.  Ilo  iicnnittcil  Cam'  iiuil  liis  tiooii  to 
i-any  iioiiin  two  pii-coH  of  artillury,  to  bo  iin  utonial  nioiiii- 
liifut  of  the  exploit  tliry  hail  lu-liiiviul.  It  was  ailiiiitlcd 
that  thd  most  cxiuTiciiiTil  could  not  havo  nianonvi-ivd 
butter  than  this  faniicr  did,'  and  thu  Ell^lish  even  paid 
liim  all  tho  justico  ho  doHorvod.  But  nothing  disfonfntid 
Admiral  Phibs  nioro  than  to  hoo  uU  tho  n-j^ulars  and  colo- 
nial militia  assomblod  at  (^uoboc.  llo  had  talculatiul  ou 
ft  divorsion  hi  tho  direction  of  Montreal,  which  should  havo 
kept  a  good  portion  of  tbuHU  troops  engaged,  and  his 
hopes  wore  based  on  this. 
Tht!  faiiuro  Tho  iuformatiou  given  to  tho  Count  do  Frontenac  \>y 
Hi'ii  ill  till'  tho  Iro(|Uois  la  Phuiue,  that  a  largo  nunibcr  of  Indians 
MiiMiriai  were  oucamiiod  ou  tho  slores  of  Lake  ht.  hacrement  wiih 
yucb'uf.  I'l't  too  well  founded.  It  was  indeed  only  part  of  a  corps 
of  throo  thousand  men,  English,  Iroquois  and  Molngans, 
who  wore  to  attack  tho  Government  of  Montreal,  while 
tho  English  fleet  besieged  Quebec.  There  was  every  rea- 
Bon  to  fear  that  Canada,  already  enfeebled  by  the  sevoro 
losses  it  had  sustained  the  preceding  years,  would  sink 
under  two  such  powerful  eflbrts,  had  they  been  well  con- 
certed; but  Hei'ven  intervened  by  ouo  of  those  unhopt^d 
for  operations,  iu  which  it  is  im})ossiblo  not  to  recogni/e 
that  Providence  which  watches  over  tho  preservation  t)f 
states,  and  which  can  dorivo  tho  aid  it  destines  for  them, 
from  sources  whouco  it  would  least  uuturally  bo  oxjiocted.' 
Tho  English  and  Mohogaus,  on  their  march  to  join  tho 
Inxjuois,  were  attacked  by  small-pox,  iiud  many  still  boio 
tho  marks  when  they  reached  the  rendezvous.  The  Iro- 
(juois,  already  thrown  int(j  very  bad  humor  by  the  delay 
which  this  sickness  caused,  woi'o  seized  at  this  spectacle 
Avith  foar  that  the  disease  w^uld  s})road  to  them,  and 
they  reproached  their  allies  with  coming  to  poison  them. 


1    "  < 


'  Frontonnc  to  the  Minister,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,   is.,  p.  400,  ond  Account 
sent  by  tho  Fluor  de  Mai,  p.  408.  ''  Ante,  p.  14J. 


.>.^- 


IIISTOIIY   OK    NKW    1  UANCK. 

Ill  fact  iiiiiiiy  wrro  soon  iittiickcd  with  tlio  s,iiiii<  disoaso, 
mill  Ml)  less  tliiiii  Ihrcf  liuii(lri'(l  dicl  of  it.  TiiiH  was 
iii.)Hj,'li  ti)  iiidiint)  111!  tiio  it'Ht  to  iil)!iiid()ii  HO  fiitiil  11  siK)t, 
and  witiidiiiw  from  tliono  who  liiid  bioiiglit  tho  coutiiyiou. 
Tims  tile  army  incited  awny.' 

It  is  cvtii  adijcd  on  doeunicuts  tiiat  I  (h)  not  f,'uaraii- 
tcc,  th;it  till-  Kn;,disli  had  si'iit  on  in  ailvaiico  clost'd  i-iii'sts, 
rontainiiif,'  |ioi.sonrd  (lotlits,  and  tiiat  thoir  dusi^'u  was  to 
lut  tli((  Krciicli  plnndfi-  tlicni ;  lint  tho  rlu'sts  iiaviiij^  been 
opont'd  by  the  Indians,  all  wlioni  curiosity  led  to  attiro 
tliorasi'lvos  in  tlioso  clothos,  diod  of  it.  What  porhaps 
j^avo  crodit  to  tliuso  popular  rumorH,  was  that  tho  wound 
of  which  Mr.  do  Sainto  llclcno  dii-d,  not  havinj^  boon 
doonicil  serious,  hoiuo  f»avu  out  that  ho  had  been  struck  1  v 
a  jioisoncd  ball;  yot  it  is  cortain  that  m.iny  others  of  tho 
l'"i-cnch  woundetl  in  the  various  actions  with  the  Kn;,disli 
troops  who  landed  at  IJoauport,  ri'covercd  frum  tlieir 
wounds,  and  that  the  surgeon  who  attendeil  Sainte  Ho- 
Icne,  coniplaiiiod  that  he  had  been  unwillini,'  to  follow  the 
royiiuo  which  ho  proscribod. 

It  is  also  said,  and  with  a|)pan;iilly  Ki'oater  likelihood, 
that  what  linally  (uubroiled  tho  En;4lish  and  Iro(|nois,  waa 


'  Fronti'nao  to  tlio  Minister,  Nnv. 
1-.',  KI'.H).  N.  V.  Col.  l)iH\,  ix  ,  p.  Hill. 
Mny.  Kiill.  II)  1>.  I!)."!.  I),.  M.,ii 
Hri.,niit,  MiiVH  .")()(•  ilicil.  111.,  |>.  l!)l). 
De  111  I'otlic'ijf.  Illhtiiirc  dr  rAiiii'- 
riquu  Si']il.,  iii.,  p.  lJl-(!.  .Mj;r.  (It; 
Laval,  ill  hie  l.ttiT  ni  .Nov. ','(),  Ul'.HI, 
rcporls  tliiit  llii'  lii.liaiis  liiok''  with 
till'  KntfllHli  Ihm'iuisi'  till'  lalliT  r<' 
lust'il  to  iiiiiif,'lc  with  thi'  Imiiaii-*  in 
tlii'ir  luilitaiy  iiiovi'MiciitH,  ki'i'piiij; 
till'  IiidiuiiH  H()art;  tlint  thi'  Iiuliaiis 

withilrcw,  anilon  tlii'iriiiiirch  lioi 

ward  pliiiidircMl  tliu  i;i,-lir.i  of  tin! 
Eiigli!<li,  ou  which  the  Hiiiall  |m)x 
broke  out  aiiioiifr  tlicin,  carninf;  off 
'3(K(  Si'iircuH  ami  lOOOnoiidapm,  and 
tliat  all  lliu  lroiniui.s  lirlirvcd  the 
thing;,   puiduned  on  |iurpo8u  to  dc- 


Kti'oy  ihi'iii.  Di"  la  Pollicri.',  Ilii-t.  do 
r.\.  S,  iii..  p.  I'.'C-t  «,„!  till'  Uilu- 
tion,  Klliil-I.  N  Y.  r.il.  Doc,  ix.,  p. 
51:1-1.  •,'iv.M  the  lorci' as  llnO  Si'Ui'- 
<as,  Caviiiras  and  ()nonda),'aw,  170 
Moliawkn.  Uiiridart  and  Molifj^anH. 
The  Kiu'lish  refused  to  eiiilmrk  in 
the  lioi|iiois  eanois.  'I'hey  Kive  tho 
los.H  :il)0  SeiieruH,  Cayiiiras  and  On- 
onda^'a.«,  'JO  Mohawkn  ami  OneidaH, 
")  or  (100  Knulish,  Milet,  in  a  letter 
Iroiii  Oneida,  .Iiine,  Kiill,  Relation 
de  su  Captivite,  p.  Ill,  says  small  [xix 
stopped  the  lirst,  orSorel  I'Xpeditiou, 
and  si'altered  the  si'coiid,  or  Lako 
(ieor^jeoiie.  wlii<'h  was  iipcoiiipaiiieil 
liy  Ilia  i:ii:.'lisli.  whom  tin-  Iruiiuois 
ordered  haek.  See  X.  Y.  Col.  Uoc'., 
iii.,  p.  ~-]\i,  7.JU.    Ante,  p.  145. 


ill 

fl 

r  I 

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186 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FIIANCE. 


U  4^1 


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ft 
I 


^1 


^^5r 


I'lgo,  tliut  tho  foniior  wdiilil  not  I'lnlmik  in  tlio  oanooH  of  tlio 
latter,  Htiucturcs  of  chu  Ixiik,  qiiito  jioorly  nimlo  untl  vory 
low  lit  tli(»  side,  tlmt  on  tliis  iffusul  \\io  Iio(|uois  cullfil  tliciu 
cowiuiIh,  ioiulcd  tlicni  witli  bitter  icproiu-lics,  iind  on  their 
hoiuoward  uiiUfli,  destroyt>d  all  tin*  j,'raiu  and  killed  all 
the  cattlo  around  Alhany.'  For  my  own  part,  I  am  con- 
vinced that  in  tlio  motives  for  the  withdrawal  of  tlieso  In- 
dians, there  onterinl  no  little  of  that  policy,  of  whicli  wo 
shall  see  hereafter  well-defined  eil'ects.  This  policy  con- 
sists in  an  uuwillinf,'ness  ou  their  part,  that  either  of  tho 
two  European  nations  between  whom  their  territory  lies 
sbould  ac(|uire  too  great  a  superiority  over  the  other,  sat- 
isfied that  they  should  soon  bo  the  victims. 

Bo  these  circumstances  as  they  may,  and  they  are  not 
equally  attested,  men  wero  not  well  assured  at  Montreal 
of  the  dang(!r  they  had  been  in,  till  \ou<^  after  the  disper- 
sion of"  this  large  force  ;  and  to  all  ajipearances  Admiral 
Phibs  was  ignorant  of  the  failure  of  that  mo\ement,  win  n 
bo  arrived  beforo  Quebec,  and  never  susjteott'd  it  till  ho 
learmnl  that  all  was  (juiot  at  Montreal.  This  suspicion, 
■which  was  very  well  founded,  and  tho  failure  of  the  vari- 
ous attempts  which  ho  had  made  to  penetrate  into  Que- 
bec by  tho  river  St.  Charles,  at  lust  determined  him  to 
raise  the  siege.  In  the  threo  actions  which  wo  havo  de- 
scribed ho  lost  nearly  six  hundred  men  ;  it  has  even  been 
considered  as  a  fact  that  he  had  not  a  single  cannon-ball 
loft  ;  that  the  last  day,  his  guns  were  loaded  with  only 
wretched  scraps  of  iron,  and  that  all  his  other  military 
supi)lit's  were  as  completely  exhausted." 

The  twenty-third,  on  the  report  which  sj)read  of  tho 
Hpeecly  departure  of  the  fleet.  Captains  d'Orvilliers  and  do 
Subercase,  with  ouo  hundred  men,  threw  themselves  into 
Isle  Orleans,  and  the  Sieur  do  Villieu  was  ordered  to  de- 
scend by  the  little  chani  el  to  Cape  Tourmente,  in  order  to 
proveut  any  lauding  of  iho  English.     In  tho  evening  tho 


Tho  8lce;o 
raUud. 


•  Di'  la  Pothcric,  iii.,  \>.  137.  N.  Y.        ''  I'halm.Ts'  Pnlitionl  Annuls  (N.  Y. 
C!ol.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  5ia.  Uist.  tJoc  Coll.,  18GS),  p.  5a. 


%«..  ■ 


( I 


IIIHTOIIV   OF   NKW  FHANiE. 


187 


fl.ct  wii;,'!i.(l  uiK'liiir,  1111(1  fi'll  down  with  tlid  tiilc    f)ii  tlio      if»)0. 

t\V('iity-ft)iiifli  it  aiii'liiiii'il  ill  TAiliro  S.'i-.     (t  ctiniuil  oil"  ■— ^r""^ 

(jiiito  II  iimiilx  r  (if  l'"n>ii(li  who  liiid  hccn  taken  piisoucrs 

ou   viiiiouM  oi'i-asidiis,   and    amon;^  otiicr.s   tin-    llcv.  Mr. 

Tn»uv('',  11  jiiii'st  wlidiii  I'liilis  liad  dttaincd  Hinc«:  tli«  nip- 

tuit)  of   Port  lloyiil,  Air.  do  (Jniudvillo,  iiud  tlio  denioi* 

Ni-IK 's  .lolict  and  dc  la  Landc.' 

The  latter  iadv  luarin''  notliin-'  said  of   ransom  or  ox-   ^xdnmito 
.  <ii  prl-on- 

elian^'e,  asked  the  Admiral  wlietlicr  he  would  imt  iiid'er  to  ..."'"• 

;  ^         .  ,  '  \S  riiiliiMl 

obtain  the  llii,:^lisli  prisoners  in  Canada,  rather  than  tuko  "':'"■  "ii<i 

new     liMHi'l 

Frouch  to   IJoston,  who  would  only   bo  a   burthon      Sho  "i  ii(c  Kn- 

II'       I  .  .    » 1     /  >       III'      '.  II  »?"*''  '^''^^ 

oflered  to  }^o  to  tlio  (.  ount  ilo  I' loiitenu',  and  in  iiw  naino 

propose  an  exelianj,'o,  which  would  rodouud  to  Iho  adviin- 
ta.,'ei>t'  both  nations.  Her  oll'or  boin^,' ac'(!opt(!d,  sho  wi».>i 
taken  to  (Quebec,  and  had  still  loss  dillioulty  iu  induoin^ 
tlie  (■  vei-nor-(»eiieral  to  (Mitor  into  nej^ntiivtions  on  tluvt 
point  with  the  J'^n^lisli  Adniiial.  'I'ho  Count  de  Fronteuao 
oven  sent  him  tho  oaptain  of  his  ^'uards'  invostod  with 
full  powt  rs,  and  as  tiie  number  of  prisonor.s  was  about 
equal  on  bdth  sides,  tho  ne^^'otiation  was  oonoluded  with- 
out any  dilliculty,  and  carried  out  in  ;,'ood  faitii.'  I'hib.s 
thou  continued  his  route,  dooply  chaj^'rinod  to  huvo  lont 
the  best  part  of  his  property  in  au  oxjioditiou  iu  which 
lie  had  g(jno  to  almost  all  tho  oxponso,  iu  tho  hopo  of 
a  },'reat  fortune.  Nor  was  ho  froo  from  auxioty  as  to 
wiiat  ini^dit  befall  him  in  tiiat  advanced  season  without 
co.astiuy-pilots  iu  a  rivor  as  to  whicii  ho  was  uot 
woU  ucquaiiited,  with  vos.sols  in  sucli  wretclutl    ordor,    so 


'  |)(!  .Mdiiscij^iml.  liiliiiiiiri,  &(• , 
N.  Y.  I'l.l  Doc,  is.,  II.  t.s'j.  !),•  l;i 
I'oiln'iic,  iii.,  p.  l'J(t-l.  Acciiiiiit 
Kent  by  till)  l''lciir  tie  Miii.  N.  V. 
("ill.  1)(K.'.,  ix.,  |i.  4")S,  Kroiilciiiic'i* 
l)is|ii(U'li.     III.,  p.  Ml. 

■■'  Till'  Sii'iir  ill'  Id  VulliuH!,  N.  V. 
("ill.  I)(K'.,  ix.,  p.  Kil. 

•'  Kiontfimc  In  the  Minister,  Xov. 
12,  KillO.  N.  V.  Ci.l.  DcKv,  is.,  p. 
4()1.  'I'lie  Fniich  ictdviriil  Mr.  ilc 
Uruuiivillf,  Itc'V.  Mr,  Trouvi',    mul 


till'  liiclii'.-*  iicMiliiini'il,  (,'iviiif;  up 
l);ivi.-,  Siir.di  (i.Tiisli  luid  lii  ipUhtm, 
I'hiiMlv  lidiili  In-  i'.irliiinil.  lie  Mdii 
M  i:,Mi,ii.  N,  V.  ('ill.  I>c>f.,  ix.,  p.  |s!), 
.MhIIut's  .MaL,'iuilia,  II  li  VII.,  p.  (j(j. 
Dnilv.'s  la.iiaii  C'lipiivitii's,  p.  08, 
Dccliuutiiiii  (i!  Sylvauus  Davis, 
Mii.-s.  Hint,  toll..  III.,  i.,  p.  107. 
'Iliu  I'xcliaiif,'!'  left  (iO  Eni,'lisli  pris- 
iiiiiTrt  SI  ill  iu  Caiiaila.  I.c  Clcrcn, 
Etaiilissiiiic'iil  ilu  la  I'lii,  ii.  p. 
ikii. 


\m 


i' 


'     1 


H 


..t 
ll'' 


i 


1 


m 

IMI:' 


t 


188 


IIISTOUY  OF  NKW   m.\N(  R. 


■I, 


1690.     (Irstitufc  of  pravisiuim  aiiil  aiiiiiuiiiitiiin.       His  own  sliip 

^""^""^   was  wi  II  iii;,'li  lust  ill    niaiviiiy    tho  triivj-rHc  uf    1^1..  Oi- 

liiiiiH,  uikI  hifoio  lio  ^ot  out  i)f  till)  rivor  lie  lost,  i»i  was 

fdiffd  tiiali.iiiilnii  III)  li'ss  thiiiMiiiuKif  liis  vi-m'Is,  a  |tai(  of 

tin-  cifws  having,' liicii  lostliy  nifkiii'ss,  or  Dlliunu'cidriilH,' 

'Two    (liys    aftii-    hJH  ilt'piirtiint  fioiu    Imforo    (^imlMtc, 

soriH' AlM'iiaquis  ciimo  in  from  Afiulin  or  its  vieiiiit}-,  iiii- 

'  '.?!  il!r""  iioiiiicinj,'  that   tlii>   I''ii;^'li>.li    had  lnn'ii    luMti'ii   iit    sea    in 

ilir  Aiiii'ii'i-  l'<iiri>iii',  whii'li  provi'd  to  Ini  tnu',  Count  ih«  'I'oiirvillr  liav- 


quid. 


ff 


ili^' (li'fi'titt'd  tli(M-oiiiliiii(>il  llccts  of  Kii^hilid  mid  iloUaiid 
in  till'  Urilish  C'lmnini.'  'I'lioso  Indinns  annoiuu-id  also 
liiat  Ihc  siii;dl-|>ii\  h  id  swept  ,i\vay  four  liuiidifd  Iroijuois 
and  II  huudrrd  Mcih<';^'  ins  of  thti  forcu  inttinihnl  to  atl.ick 
Montii'id ;  that  lll'ty  lloMaudi^rs  wuro  soon  to  Kjuvl;  New- 
York,  to  ruuow  thi«  iif^^otiatioiis  with  Iho  (Jttiiwiis  of  Ali- 
i-liilliniakinac,  lint  tliat  it  was  Ihi-ir  intention  to  (U)ceivu 
tiiese  Indians  ;  that  within  the  last  two  months  tlio  Caiii- 
bas  had  defeated  a  iiartyof  soveiity  J'in;^lislimen  and  tiiirty 
Mt»lio;,'ans  ;  that  tho  Clovurnor  of  New  En^;land  iiad  mado 
thorn  vory  udvanta^'oous  projiositions,  Imt  tiiat  they  hatl 
replied  tiiat  neither  tiiey  nor  tlieir  ehildren,  nor  tiieir  ciiil- 
dnm's  chiUlreu  would  ever  make  peaeo  or  trufo  with  a  na- 
tion who  hiul  Ko  often  hetrayed  them.  In  fact  tho  English 
uovi-r  troatud  with  those  Indians  in  j^^ood  faith,  and  the  lattor 
couldalxiveull  neverfor^;rt  thatsoineyearsliefore,  wlieii  sev- 
eral of  them  went  to  IJoston  in  timt;  of  peaeeand  on  allaiis  of 
trado,  tho3' had  all  lieen  massac-rod  umler  various  pretexts. 
The  Count  do  Froutouac  was  not  yet  fruo  from  somo 
auxioty  in  re^,'ard  to  tho  vessels  which  ho  o.xpeoted  from 
France  ;  lait  tli<'y  had  lieon  seasonably  informed  of  tho 


'  Ciipt.    Avisiiiimli,    wlnii   iil    Ta-  rtciiiu'   ilriviii    to   tln'    Wt.'.st    luilii.'S. 

tliiUHsur,  riiiw  ilii'iii  iTi'iiUiii;;  u|isiiiiii'  Smilli,  llist'irv  dI' I'mmdii,  i..  |i.    loj, 

of   tlitir  vlsm'Ih.      Till'  ilirks  nl'  liU  jjivi'H  an  Ai'i'uiiiil  uf  lliti  MiiliTiii(;H  iil' 

ulii|«   were  coven-il   «'itli    wdiiiicli'.l  ilic  liO  uii-ii  of  Hiiiimt'uril'rt  (iliiji,  IdsI 

111(11.      .hu-licri'iiu.   IlUt.  lU'  I'lliiirl  nil  Amii'ii.-ii. 

Dii'u,  p.  ;;.;s.     llmcliiii.+  m,  i.,  p.  ;;.")li,  Oir  lli.' I»li' n|   Wi^jlit,  July   10, 

NiNHoiic  wasldHt  nil  Aiiiici.hii.lwdiir  liiilli,  !><•  .M<>ii«>'ifriint,  Iti'liitinii,  X.  \. 

tUiiv'  mvtkvu  oi  uuvi.r  liLini  nl,  auJ  (-xl.  I)iJt.,  i\.,  i>.  iJO. 


1 


• »» 


I 


)k*l 


I 


IIISTOIIV   OK   NKW    KUANCi;. 


iiniviil  of  tlu>  EiikIIhIi  tliot  at  (Jiiclicc,  lunl  had  taken  r«- 


1690. 


iixno  ill  tho  Hii;,'Mi'ijay,  wliiun  tlmv  roiiiaiiiml  till  llin  ICn- 
^'lisli  tinot  passnl  iIdwii  a;:;aiii  and  hail  got  far  <>ii()ii;^h  to 
l.aiiish  all  l\ar  of  li  iviii.,'  I)r,.ri  .htrct.^.'  On  th.i  I'Jth  of  k;!,';",!",'™ 
Novi'iuhiT  thi^y  aiiclmrtid  lu'foro  tho  rajiital,'  wln-iu  tho  y,),!'!,^^. 
joy  thoy  oainod  was  lioij^htoiiod  Ity  tlin  fear  that  had  Ix'cii 
ent«'rtaiiii'(l  for  tlu'ir  safoty,  and  l)y  tho  nciitTal  di'stitiiliou 
that  piiivaili'd.  Vi't  they  Inoiii^'ht  no  niuody  to  tin'  fani- 
iui','  whii'h  soon  oi-caiut!  cxtn'Min,  iH'cainc,  us  iiliiMily 
Htatod,  tho  liMiiKiii.-,  incursions  in  tin'  s|nin;T  ||:„l  very 
gonorally  jirovoutiid  tho  farniors  from  plantiii;^  thoir  (;rops. 
They  were  aci'ordin^ly  olilij^cd  to  (luarti-r  tho  soldiers 
uii  the  riciicr  farnuMs,  wlio  ri'ccivtid  tlicni  not  only  with-     Fninitm 

*^  mill  ziMil  01 

out  coniplaiut,  but  with  i-hoiTfuluoHs.     '''his  good  conduct,  ,,  tii» 

,,,,.,  .  .  Coloui 

and  the  zral  displayed  oy  all,  m  tho  courso  ot  a  canipai^'ii 
in  which  tlu'y  had  scarcely  had  their  arms  out  of  their 
hands  ;  the  alacrity  with  which  they  undertook  anything 
desired   of    them   during  tho   siege,  and   tho  courag(*  of 


IkU. 


1  Mur.  (I.'  Lnviil,  l<i'ttiT,  N..  .20, 
K'p'.lll,  KiiVrt  llml  till'  I'liiliriM  Xiivii'r, 
till- tilmiiiix,  Ciiiil.  AviMiiiiuli.  aiiil 
u  I'rih'iiii',  l.ii  I'MiMir  iln  Mui,  I'uiil- 
ifil  witli  tloiir  iiikI  |x>rk,  run  into 
till'  Sa;{iii'im,v,  wiTi!  sdiii  by  llit^  I'hi 
jrllnli.  but  mivi'il  by  1'iii,'b  iiiiil  KtnriiiH 
til. It  immc  up.  Si'i!  I)r  .Miuimi^jimi. 
N.  Y.  t'ol.  l>iHv,  ix..  p.  I'.M.  M«\\i 
IT    .Iii''liin"ni,    IlistMii'i.'   (Ir    ribili'l 

D'h'U.  p.  ■':'■'<'>.  All'..  ^iVl'S  luHiiy  ibliiiln 

111  !■)  till'  (llm-ii'ux. 

•'  Xi'tVS    I'lUlli'  till'    Ivlll,  lllr   nllipH 

riii'lii'iHiiii'lii-c.  till- ITdb,  Kith,  Uili. 
!).■  .\biii.<i  iu'imt.  N.  V.  (,'"1.  I>iir.,  ix.. 
p  lol.  .Vi'iuriliiif;  to  M^rr.  di-  l.aviil 
till'  r;ir);i('S  Wiri'  I'stiumlril  iit  11  mil 
lion  iiflivri'K  mill  .Motln-r  .Imln'miu 
nays  111.  iflor'nux  hail :il:l.Ollll  IIvii'h 
ill  Hpi'i'ii'.  Li'  ('lirn|,  ii.,  p.  4.")7, 
t^avN  1  111.,  missing  I'vrry  inrivct 
dull'. 

'  Acrordiiijr  til  Mirr.  cli'  l.iiviil.  l.ii 
riciir  ill'  Miii  bmuL'-lit  pruviriinii-i, 
Si'i',  too,  Ia'H  l'i'.->iiliiu-tiilit  ti'iii'bic,  i,, 


p.  -nS.  Ah  to  the  t'liiuini',  fw  Dn  la 
I'litliiTii',  iii.,  p.  I.'."i.  Uilution,  iVc, 
lil'.K)  I.  N.  V.  fill.  DiH',,  ix.,  p  51:1. 
Sy Ivitiiiiri  OiiviH,  llrclurutiiui,  MaHO. 
lii^l.  Ci.ll  .  111.,  i.,  p.  lll-'J. 

Ni'itlii'i-  puny  (,'ivi'8  thi'  tiitiil  liiBH. 
Pliipp.'',     Ill     Ilii4     ri'prrHriltuliiiii    U) 

Kiiii;  Williiiiu,  xayH  lin  did  not  lime 
..viT  ;i(l    iiii'ii    lii'I'or.'    thi'    I'lii'iuy. 

Illltclllurloirs       .MllfW  ,      i,,       p.      '.iW, 

lliitririuson.  1111111  li'tii'i's.  miiki'H  Ida 
wlmli' liMs  by  sJi'kiii'Ks  iind  tlu' one- 
uiy  aliiMii  ',!ll(l.  tiiiv.  SIoiikIiIit  to 
l.iinl  Nolliiitjliaiii,  N  V.  Cul.  Doc., 
iii.,  p.  iiil,  luaki'S  lilt)  loKH  III  tuea 
1,000  uiid  till'  debt  cttuxi'd  forty 
lliiiusaiiil  iKiiiud.i.  Tbii  rrluru  of 
IMiipiis  lliri'W  .\las^a^llu^il'ltw  into 
conHii'iimiidii ;  it  ^va^'  ulti'ily  uii|ire- 
|>ari'd  In  pay  tlir  hhIiIIith,  and  iKHUfi 
till'  liriit  colonial  jiaprr  immiry  to 
iiii'it  the  I'niiTgL'iii'y  It  did  not  ro- 
t'DVi'i-  from  till'  blow  lor  yi'ars.  llut- 
rldnsiiii,  i  ,  p.  :Cil\.  Ki!f,  History  of 
MasiMuliiiBotlB  Curri'iiry,  p.   IK. 


I'ltll 


m 


a 


ii,i 


.','1 


! 


,.(l 


I 


l 


.hti 


I 


\]'h 


IW 


!l 


1690. 


Tlic  A'k;- 


HISTORY   OF  NEW   FRANCE. 

wliicli  thoy  had  just  givoii  so  iiiivny  pi'oofs,  nil  this  did 
thorn  f^icat  lioiior,  iind  the  King,  to  whom  tiiu  (rovcruor- 
Goiioral  took  groat  oaro  to  roudor  a  faithful  aocouut, 
seoniod  not  less  touoliod  by  it  than  i)y  tlio  liappy  dolivor- 
auee  of  (^uobec  ;  an  ovout  which  his  Majesty  nevertholess 
di!euiod  sutlicientl}-  iin[)ortant  for  him  to  desire  to  traus- 
mit  it  to  the  posterity  among  the  glorious  oveuts  of  his 
reign,  having  struck  a  modal  011  tlio  occasiou.' 

In  the  mouth  of  March,  in  the  following  year,  now  dep- 
uties airived  at  the  capital  from  all  the  AbOnacpiis  nations, 
|"s''j,/v,.'w  from  whom  it  was  ascertained  that  up  to  the  mouth  of 
Kii;,'iiii>.(i.  j,\.bruary  only  four  of  the  vessels  that  had  laid  siege  to 
1 61; I,  (^ntibec  had  re-entered  Boston.  It  was  afterwards  ascer- 
tained that  some  had  stopped  in  Mio  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
to  cruise,  and  had  captured  several  fishing-smacks  ;  that 
Mr.  do  Mannoval  had  been  sent  to  England ;  that  (Kov.) 
Mr.  Petit  was  at  Port  lloyal,  and  the  Chevalio'-  d'Eau  at 
Boston  ,  that  the  interpreter  of  this  last  oflicer,  and  t  .vo 
other  Freuchmon,  who  accompanied  him  when  he  wa.s 
sent  on  an  embassy  to  Onondaga,  had  been  burnt  in  three 
diii'orent  villages ;  that  the  Ottawas  and  our  other  allies 
from  the  North  and  West  continued  the  war  vigorously 
.against  the  Iroquois  ;  that  goods  were  very  scarce  in  New 
England;  that  most  of  the  fields  were  left  uncultivated,  and 
that  a  great  many  of  the  settlc'-s,  finding  themselves  with- 
out moans  of  subsistence,  had  taken  refuge  at  Boston  and 
New  York.     This  last  was  the  result  of  the  incursions  of 


\^*l 


H 


'. 'c 


'  Clinrlfvoix  docs  not  nlhulo  to 
the  Boli'iiin  ri-joicinfrs  on  Suiidny, 
Nov.  7.  I'hipiw'  tint  ;iiu!  ihat  tnlicn 
at  Crkco  15ny  wcrf  Ijonu'  to  tin- 
CViicdral  in  triinii;'li.  aniiil  tli''  mil 
of  drums.  A  'I'l'  Pcuni  siinj;;  \\y  the 
Uisliop,  and  a  imicrHsioM  in  whicli 
all  till,'  tniiips  loiik  1  art.  I'iirrir.l  tin' 
i>tata("ol'  till'  Itli'ssi-d  Virrin  to  rimi' 
eliiiirlii'H.  A  solemn  fi'stiviil  of  Our 
Lady  of  Victory  was  instilutcd.and 
a  clmrcli  in  the  l.owrr  'I'cwn.  nl- 
ruady  bt-guu,  Ut'dicatud   under  that 


name.  Dc  Monsoignat.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  is.,  p.  4i(l.  Do  la  Potlu^rit', 
iii.,  ii|).  122-8.  I.i's  Ursulinos  do 
(jui'lu'c,  i.,  p.  471.  Lc  Clcrci],  ii.,  p. 
\'>i.  De  la  ('oIombiiTc,  brotlicr 
of  tlie  ci'k'liratt'd  pulpit  orator, 
prcaclii'd  tlic  di.-courst'  of  iln'  ilay. 
.hiilicrcnu,  llisliiin;  dc  I'llolcl  Dicn, 
p  ;':>;!.  The  nuns  obtained  ixTinis- 
sion  to  institute  a  special  feast  in 
lionor  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Mary. 
11).,  p.  .'!41.  This  medal  is  shown  in 
till!  accoiupauyiu^  illustrulion. 


!•  ■> 


.11 


•  Hi 


h'i 


'^:  i  '-'  ■    '  i!Mi  ■ 


ft. 


i 


h'Hf 


I   ' 


r ». 


it'   i 


inSTOUV  OK  NEW  FK.INCE. 


191 


. 


tho  Ciinil);is  and  otlior  Abc'iiiuiuis,  who  during  this  winter      '^"H- 
ruvH;,'ca  more  tlian  fifty  lc,i;;iu..s  of  country.  •—y-'^ 

On  tills  ,ui,l  otii.-r  iufuraiation  wliicli  tlio  samo  dtpntios    Deoitfui 
gave  tlio  Cou.it , It,  Frontouiu-,  that  g.-u."rul  suspoctod  tho  tionfolthe 
English  of   complicity  in    a   miUKi-uvro  then    played  by    ^■■"'^""'''• 
tho   Iroquois,   to  lull  us  iuto  a    falso   contidonco,  and    a 
pretoii(h;d  reconciliation,  with  tins  view  of  favoring  a  now 
eutcrpriso  .igaiust  tiit'  government  of  Montreal.     It  arose 
iu  this  way  ;     A  party  of  on  >  hundred  and  forty  Mohawks, 
anion-   whom  were   somo  Dutchmen,  mado  an  irruption 
at   Ciianil)ly   and  8ur|)rised  somo   Iroquois   of  Sault  St. 
Louis.     Several  wore  killed,  ten   or   twelve   others   wore 
taken  and  liound. 

Sometime  after,  three  deputies  arrived  at  tlio  Sault 
from  the  Moliawk,  unarmed,  with  tho  prisoners  just  men- 
tioned, and  di!clared  that  they  came  to  ask  peace  from 
their  Father  ;  l)iit  tliat  they  lirst  wished  to  know  whether 
tiiey  would  Ije  well  received,  should  they  propose  to  him 
to  give  ti:em  lands  in  tho  ueiglii)(n'hood  of  the  Sault  to 
settle  near  tlie'ir  bn;tlireu.  They  added  that  they  had 
mado  ah  haste  in  orch'r  to  warn  tho  French  to  bo  on  their 
guard;  inasmuch  as  eight  hundred  Irotpiois  warriors 
wore  pn.paring  to  outer  the  colony  between  Montreal  and 
Three  Rivers.  They  were  asked  wliether  they  knew  what 
had  becom(>  of  tho  Cliovalier  a'Eau,  and  they  replied 
that  it  was  at  the  solicitation  of  tho  English  that  they  had 
burnt  tho  three  Frenchmen  who  attended  him;  that  he 
himself  had  been  on  tho  point  of  undergoing  the  same 
fate;  that  he  was  actually  bound  to  tho  stake,  but  as  English 
and  Iroquois  alike  refused  to  begin  tho  execution,  this 
dispute  had  saved  his  life.' 

Frouteuac,  in  reporting  to  Mr.  do  Pontchartraiu,  who 
had  just  succeeded  Mr.  do  Seignelay  in  the  Ministry,  tho 
various  accounts  that  ho  had  received,  and  especially  what 

'IV    la     PotbiM-ic,    Ilistnire     tie  l(i!)0-l.     N.  V.  (ol   Doc    ix  7  )" 

lAm,-ri,,u,.  S,.p..,  iii,.  ,,,,.  13.-,_!;!l.  s|.,.ahs  „f  two  „„lv   ,,s 'l,„nn  ",u,',| 

(  Immpi^nij-  to  the  .Minister,  N,  Y.  on-  dead  of  disease.     See  Aute    n 

<  01.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  499.     The  liehition,  ryi.  '  ' ' 


I 


■ft 


m 


li. 


m 


i  wih 


1^' 


i  , 


192 


IIISTOIIY  OF  NEW  FRANCE 


I    I 


1(1  Ml.  (li; 

riMii<iiiii-- 

iriiiii. 


'^'9'-  coiicovnod  tlio  Iro(|noiM,  informed  him  tliat  ho  had  not 
""^^  dt!GUK'd  it  proper  uhsohitely  to  reject  tlio  i)ro])osition  of 
hotter  of  tho  Mohiiwks,  nor  on  the  otlier  hand  had  ho  doomed  it  ex- 
podient  to  show  it  too  much  attontion ;  that  ho  hud  ad- 
vised tho  ChovaHor  do  Calhores  to  protrtiet  tlio  ne<,'otia- 
tious  throuf^li  tho  Indians  of  Sault  Saint  Louis,  and  that 
ho  had  uotitiod  tho  Otttiwas,  through  tho  Sieur  do  Courto- 
maucho,'  tliat  they  would  do  liiiu  a  pleasure  by  constantly 
harassing  tho  Iroipiois,  against  whom  ho  kept  himself  on 
guard  for  fear  of  surprise. 

"  I  rocommeuded  tho  same  thing,"  ho  adds,  "  to  the 
chiefs  of  tho  Cauibas,  when  they  left  me,  and  I  am  con- 
vinced that  if  his  Majesty  adopts  tho  resolution  of  under- 
taking any  enterprise  in  tho  direction  of  Boston  and  New 
York,  and  seizing  this  latter  place,  this  conquest  will  bo 
the  security  of  tho  country  and  deprive  tho  Iroquois  of  all 
hope  of  protection.  On  tho  other  hand,  if  tho  king  re- 
took Acadia  and  made  himself  absolute  master  of  tho 
Great  Bank,  which  could  bo  done  by  sending  three  or  four 
frigates  every  year  to  cruise  from  Capo  Sable  to  the 
northern  point  of  Newfoundland,  ho  would  secure  to  his 
kingdom  a  trade  of  more  thau  twenty  miUions,  and  more 
advantageous  than  tho  conquest  of  tho  Indies  would  be." " 
"  I  do  not  know,"  lie  says,  in  another  letter,  written  two 
months  after  this,  "  whether  my  predecessors  have  noticed 
how  important  it  is  to  secure  tho  mastery  of  all  the  fish- 
eries, iuid  the  iidvantago  they  would  give  to  tho  commerce 
to  the  whole  kingdom  ;  nothing  can  render  your  ministry 
more  illustrious  than  to  induce  the  king  to  undertake  this 
conquest.  I  believe  it  more  important  than  that  of  all  the 
Indies,  whoso  mines  are  exhausting,  while  these  are  inex- 
haustible." ' 


(if 


'  Augustine  Li;  Oardcur,  Sieur  dt'. 
CouitcniaiK'hc,  son  of  John  I-(^  Uar- 
dcurdi'  Hi'])cutiirny.  Fcrland,  ii.,  p. 
233.    Daniel,  i.  \>.  \k. 

''  Frontcuac      to     rontcliartrain, 


May,  KiOl.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  , , 
49.'J-0.  Hi-latiou,  &c  IG'.IO-l.  Ji>., 
p.  Slfi. 

'FrontenactoPontehnrtra    ,  Aug. 
13,  ICyi.     Canada  Doc,  II  /.I.,  p.  09 


"%> 


IIISTOHY    OK    NKW  FKANCK. 

Moanwliilo  tlio  ^'reat  Iroquois  piirty,  of  which  t]i(>  ^lo- 
hawks  luul  ^ivou  notico,  appoan.'d  about  tho  la'^'iiiiiiii},' of 
^lay,  ucar  Moutreal.  Thi'v  wcro  to  tlio  nuiulier  of  a  thou- 
sand, auil  having  ostablisliud  thoir  cauip  at  tlio  month  of 
tlu)  groat  rivor  of  tlio  Ottawan,  thoy  sent  out  two  dctach- 
iiicnts,  one  of  a  hiimlictl  and  twenty  men  which  took  a 
northern  route,  the  otlier  of  two  hundred,  turning  soutii- 
ward.'  The  former  first  fell  on  a  district  of  Montreal  Is- 
land, calli'd  Pointe  aux  'I'ri'iniili's,  wlusre  iheylnu'nrd  about 
thirty  houses  or  barns,  and  took  some  si'ttlers,  on  whnm 
they  wreaked  unheard  of  cruellies.' 

Tlie  second  l)arty,  which  included  twouty  English m.'n, 
and  sonio  Mohegans,  glided  in  Ixstwi'cu  Chambly  ami  jja 
Prairie  do  la  ]\[agdeleine,  where  they  surprised  twelve  In- 
dians of  Sault  St.  Louis,  men  and  women  ;  but  th<3  m^xtilay 
S(jme  Mohawks  in  tlio  party  took  them  homo  and  declareil 
that  they  camo  to  treat  of  peace  :  it  was,  however,  soon 
perceived  that  their  real  design  was,  if  possible,  to  seduce 
all  the  inhabitants  of  that  village  ;  but  in  this  they  did 
not  succeed.'  Almost  simultaneously  a  fourth  l)arty  of 
about  eighty  men  attacked  the  Iroquois  Christians  of  tho 
Mountain,  and  having  invested  them  on  all  sides,  cap- 
tured thirty-tivo  women  and  children,  and  carried  them  oil" 
in  broad  day,  by  means  of  a  skirmish  which  covered  their 
retreat.' 


193 


1691. 


New  In>- 

ijiiiii-'    lid- 

tilili'S. 


1  i 


'ii 


I  . 


I     )\ 


!       4\ 


'  Canada  Ooc,  II.,  vi.,  p.  7:!. 

''  Cliuiii|iii,Miy  to  till!  Minister, 
Muy  I',',  1U!)1."  N.  Y.  (.;ol.  Doc,  i\., 
p.  .")U','-;5,  says  they  di'striyi'l  J") 
liousi'S,  killi'd  Olio  man  and  tun 
women.  Tho  HcUition  l(i'.)0-l, 
gives  La  Oliine,  Hivicri'  des  I'm  li  s 
and  I'ointo  aux  Trombh's.  All  thi' 
accounts  make  tho  Iroquois  lore  ■ 
800.  Do  la  Pothorif,  Ilistoiredo  1  A. 
S.,  iii.,  pp.  132-3.  Canada  Doc, 
II.,  vi.,  p.  T3. 

^  I  do  not  And  the  authority  tor 
this.  It  is  not  in  the  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  .")17,  or  in  Do  la  Potho 
rie,  Histoire  de  I'Auiorinuo  Sept.,  iii. 


Ui'hnont,  says  that  May  3.  Mohawks 
took,  near  Chambly,  six  (Jannoyous- 
sos,  who  wore  hrouirht  hack  the 
lljtli  by  Onnonouagaron  to  koop  up 
socret  understand iufi;. 

■•  delation,  &c,  \.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  p.  ol7.  Do  la  Potherie,  iii,,  p. 
1;};!,  mentions  this,  without  K'^ii'f? 
numbers  here  stated.  Belmont, 
Histoire  dii  Canada.  ]>.  33,  says  .May 
17tli.  70  Irixpiois  attuckttd  at  4,  A. 
M..  were  repulsed  with  sevon  killed. 
Mis.-iion  lost  Toniliharon.  He  says 
notliiii::  of  women  taken  ;  but  the 
Histoire  do  I'Eau  di-  \'ie  <'ii  Caiiada, 
p.  17,  Bays  tliey  took  30  aud  killed  six. 


I    ' 


'I'll 

i 


i  I 


'•  i'.,r 


m: 


194  llISTOUy   OF  NEW  FKANCB. 

1691.  Many  other  less  nnmerona  bunds  spread  over  tlio  colo- 
ny from  Rt'pentif^iiy  to  the  Riflu-lieu  Islands,  evorywlioro 
comniittinf^  fjrcat  ravages,  because  the  troops  and  the  mi- 
litia could  not  keep  in  the  field  for  want  of  provisions. 
At  last  the  t'hovalier  do  Vaudreuil  formed  a  corps  of  a 
hundred  or  a  hundred  and  twenty  volunteers,  officers,  sol- 
diers and  Canadians,  who  began  by  going  from  house  to 
house  to  obtain  jirovisions.  As  soon  as  they  had  collected 
enough  for  some  days,  tliey  joined  the  Siour  do  la  Mine, 
captain,  who  hud  started  from  Montreal  some  time  before 
Mr.  do  Vaudreuil  and  had  discovered  a  party  of  Oueidas 
undefended  in  an  abandoned  house  at  8aint  Sulpico. 
The  Chevalier  do  Vaudreuil,  to  whom  this  was  re- 
s't.'^Suipice,  ported,  without  hesitation  marched  in  that  direction.  Ho 
""^tlKny "  ^^^'^  ^''^^^  '"'"'  *'''"*"in  other  brave  men,  the  Chevalier  do 
Crisasy,  Lo  Moyuo  do  Bienville,  and  Ouroouhare,  whom 
they  began  to  suspect  of  being  in  correspondence  with  his 
nation,  but  who  in  the  rest  of  this  campaign,  completely 
dispelled  all  doubt.  Our  men,  on  approaching  the  house, 
perceived  liftcen  Oueidas  lying  out  doors  on  the  grass, 
not  suspecting  even  that  there  were  any  French  in  the 
field  ;  they  rushed  on  tlii^so  and  killed  all  before  they  knew 
what  was  going  on.  Tliree  others  rushed  out  of  the  house 
at  the  cry  of  the  dying  ;  one  was  instantly  brought  down, 
two  others  escaped  to  the  Avood  badly  wounded.  Then 
those  still  left  in  tlie  house  prepared  to  defend  it,  and 
Bienville,  going  too  near  a  window,  was  killed  on  the  spot 
by  a  musket  ball.'  The  loss  of  this  officer,  who  was  well 
known  to  the  Irocpiois,  roused  the  courage  of  those  sav- 
ages, and  but  for  the  extraordinary  efforts  of  de  la  Mine, 
de  Crisasy  and  Oureouhare,  one  hundred  and  twenty 
Frenchmen  were  on  the  point  of  failing  before  a  dozen 
Iroquois,  posted  in  a  wretched  house.     At  last  the  Cheva- 


'  Francis  Lo  Moyne,  flret  Sieiir  de 

Bitmvillc,  fifth   son  of   M.   de  Lon- 

gueil,   was   born   at  Montreal,  May 

10,    1000,   and  was  uimga   in    the 

marine  corps.    Daniel,  Nos  (iloires 


Nationales,  i.,  p.  47.  After  his 
dcatli  liis  name  was  fjiven  to  one  of 
liis  IjrotliiTS,  tlu'n  nuitc  young,  and 
now  (jovernor  of  Louiiiiana.  t'/iuc- 
liciiix. 


.^f~- 


IlISTOKY    OF   NEW    FHANCE. 

lior  tlo  Vaiulrcuil,  aoiuowlmt  too  Into,  thought  of  sotting 
it  on  Jiro.  Tlio  eiioiny  tried  to  cut  thoir  way  out,  nxo  iu 
haml,  l)ut  whou  tho  tirst  two  or  throo  woro  kilioil,  fivo 
wore  tiikon  ami  moroilossly  burnt  by  tiio  sottlorrt,  who 
were  couviuood  that  tho  ouiy  moans  of  correcting  tlioae 
Indians  was  to  treat  tliom  as  thoy  treated  others.' 

We  sliiU  have  in  tlio  scuiuol  more  than  one  occasion  to  ^,j 
speak  of  tho  Maiiinis  and  Chevalier  do  Crisasy,  and  the  ',''," 
reader  will  perhaps  bo  glad  to  know  who  they  were  and 
what  brought  tiieiu  to  New  Franco.  There  were  two 
brothers  of  one  of  the  most  illustrious  and  powerful 
houses  in  Sicily.  Thoy  had  boon  amongst  tho  first  to  de- 
clare for  Franco  iu  tho  revolt,  which  had  well  nigh  wrested 
that  kingdom  from  the  king  of  Spain,  and  when  the  trou- 
bles were  appeased,  they  could  not  obtain  or  durst  not 
solicit  pardon  from  his  Catholic  Majesty.  The  Cheva- 
lier was  a  professed  Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem,  had  made  his  caravans  with  all  possible 
distinction,  and,  iu  fact,  possessed  all  the  qualities  that 
can  raise  a  military  man  to  the  highest  honors  in  his  pro- 
fessiot  . 

The  Marquis  was  also  very  brave,  and  bore  marks  that 
would  have  done  him  great  honor  had  he  not  received 
then;  dghtiug  against  his  lawful  prince.  By  the  submis- 
sion of  Sicily  ho  beheld  himself  deprived  of  all  his  pro- 
perty, which  was  considerable.  Believing  that  the  Most 
Christian  king  would  interest  himself  in  obtaining  its  re- 
storation, or  compensate  him,  he  proceeded  with  his 
brother  to  Versailles,  not  doubting  but  that  they  would 
soon  be  employed  iu  a  manner  suited  to  their  bii-th  and 
services. 

They  were  disappointed  iu  their  expectations.  Princes 
who  do  not  scruple  to  use  tractors,  do  not  always  feel 
bound  to  reward  treason,  esi)ecially  when  they  do  not  de- 
rive all  the  advantage  they  anticipate  from  it ;  or  rather 


I)    wcro 

Messrs. 
Crisasy. 


'  Bi'nac,  RoliUion  de  ce  qui  s'cst  Udc,  ix.,  p.  r)17-8.  Du  la  Potherie, 
passu.  Ciinuda  Doc.,  11.,  vi.,  p.  74.  Histoiru  du  rAmeriquu  Sept.,  ii.,  pp 
Kelaliou,   &c.,   I«y0-1.     N.   V.   Col.     134-.5. 


m 


ii'"'i 


I  '.i 


'  Ik 

hi 


'  I. 


9 


196 


IIISTOUY  OF  NKW   FUANCE. 


.1  \ 
t  I 


(J 


ii   » 


i 


1691.      rioviilciicc,  wliicli  wntclicH  over  tlic  ])iTS('rvatinn  of  stiitca, 

— ->— ^  niicly  pciinits  (liciii  to  accicilit  |icrli(ly.     At'tci'  nnicli  ho- 

licitiitioii,  till)   Crisiisys  IxOicld  tliriiist'lvcH  lirou^^'ht  down 

to  accept  each  a  company  in  Cauaila,  for  fear  of  having 

notliiii^'  at  all.     Tlicro  tlioy  Horvod  til!  their  death,  with  a 

zoal  from  wliirh  they  un;,dit  liav(<  hoped   for  eveiythiiif,' 

had  they  exerted  it,  the  one  for  his  native  hind,  the  other 

for  his  onh-r  ;  hut  of  whieh  tliti  Court  of  Franeo  never  niau- 

ifosted  any  ^'reat  appreciation. 

The  Chevalier,  after  many  j,' illant  aetions,  in  which  men 

were  at  a  loss  whothtu'  to  admire  most  his  ai)ility  in   war, 

bis  ])enetratiou  in  coniieil,  his  jnd^'meiit  in  the  enteiprises 

conlided  to  him,  or  his  intrepidity  and  presence  of  mind 

in  action,  at  last  sanli  under    the  mortilicatiou  of  heliold- 

iufj;   himself  ne^'lected,  without  hoi)e  of  promotion  ;'    (ho 

Manpiis,  witJi  less  brilliant  merit,  hut  with  the  reputation 

of  a  wise  and  brave  ollicer,  supi»orted  his  misfortunes  with 

more  patience  and  philosophy,  and  died  Governor  of  Three 

Rivers.' 

.^  Shortly  before  the  action  just  mentioned,  the  sameBieu- 

(iiini:.  i,;iiiy  viii^j  ^yjj^,  there  unfortunately  h)st  his  life  in   the  flower  of 

Kicniii     Ins   age,  had  pursued  a  party  of  sixty   Cayuj^as,  among 

thf  iiiiiu  (if  whom  there  were  some  Mohawks.     He  had  with  him  two 
Ir(ii)iuiis  "f,         ,,.,,  ,, 

Biiiiit  St.    hundred  picked  men,  i' reneli  and  donu'sticateil  li'oipiois, 

and  as  ho  surprised  the  enemy,  who  were  far  inferior  in 

mimbers,  ho  felt  certain  that  not  one  could  esca])e  him  ; 

but  the  Mohawks  having  asked  to  parley  with  the  Iroipiois 

of  Sanlt  St.  Louis,  the  latter  insisted  on  hearing  them,  for 

fear,  they  said,  of  breaking  oil'  all  chance  of  arrangement 

between  them  and  that  canton.' 

The   Mohawks   vowed   to   them   that   tlioy  wished   for 

nothing  so  much  as  peace,  and  ollered  to  return  with  them, 


'  Tlicy  were  cousins  to  the  Princo  ■' Helation,  &c.,    lOltO-1.       N.   Y. 

of  Monacci.aiid  (irimsiUli  mul  lioiiis  Oil.  Doe.,   ix.,  p.  517.     De  In  I'otlie- 

of   Mebsiua.      The    C.'lievalier    ilird  rie,  Ilistoire  <le  rAiiii'ri(iite  Sei>tunt., 

March,  Ki'JU.  iii- ,  !>•  !•'■'•     Belmout,  Ilistoire   du 

''lie    died    on     tbo     Humuier    of  Canada,  ]!.  ;!:!,  ^ives  June  17.  as  the 

170U.  d.iy  liieuviUu  Bluned. 


niSTOUY   OF    MCW    FHANCE. 


107 


SllS|ji('i()U 

on    tliii 
luuttur. 


l)r<)niisui<,'  to  solid  (It'pntifis  forthwith  to  Montreal  to  treat  1691. 
with  Mr.  (h)  CaMii'ii's.  They  wcru  lichovcd  on  thi;ir  word, 
iiiid  iiliowod  to  doptut  lis  wfll  us  tho  Ciiyuf^as,  for  whom 
tiioy  luiswonnl,  and  us  tliis  was  ivll  timt  thoy  Imd  in  view, 
thtsy  took  no  pains  to  kcc^p  thoir  word.  lu  tbia  conduct 
of  tho  Inxpiois  Cliristians,  tht'ro  was  nothin}^  surprising. 
Indians  cannot  mistrust  tiioso,  oven,  who  have  most  fre- 
quently broken  tiicir  word  with  tiiom  ;  but  Mr.  do  Froute- 
ui  ,  ever  prejudiced  against  them,  on  thia  occasion  gavo 
full  swecj)  to  his  suspicions,  wiiich,  nevertheless,  had  no 
l(!gitimate  basis,  and  lie  thus  expressed  himself  in  a  letter 
written  that  very  year  to  tiie  new  minister  : 

"  There  has  been  uuioh  outcry  against  tho  Indians  of  Fiont.-inic'j 
Sault,  and  their  conduct  has  l)een  suspected  of  insincerity, 
I  have  l(Uig  since  [lerceived  a  great  indulgence  that  d(jea 
not  please  me,  any  more  tlian  certain  secret  iutercourso 
and  connexion  which  they  maintain  with  tho  Moliawks, 
among  whom  thi^y  have  many  kindred.  I  have  freipieutly 
notilied  the  Fathers  who  direct  them,  and  whom  I  would 
not  like  to  accuse  of  having  any  hand  in  it ;  but  it  is  cer- 
tain that,  either  from  a  desire  of  humoring  them,  or  gain- 
ing tiieiu  to  Christ  by  ways  of  mildness,  or  from  other 
reasons  unknown  to  me,  they  are  sometimes  too  indulgent 
with  them.  The  experience  of  twelve  years'  stay  in  this 
country,  has  convinced  me  that  those  missions  should  not 
be  separated  as  they  are  from  the  French  ;  that  they  should 
always  be  left  with  tho  latter,  in  order  to  Frenchify  them 
by  (Jhristianiziug  them,  and  that,  otherwise,  they  will  be 
more  prejudicial  tiian  useful  to  tho  king's  service." 

His  Majesty's  Council  now  saw  their  true  policj'  in  re-  Fnisn  prin- 
ganl  to  tlie  conduct  01  tlie  missionaries-  toward  tho  Indians,  this  Gov- 
aud  were  convinced  that  their  zeal  was  neither  weak  nor 
blind.  The  intercourse  kept  up  by  their  neophytes  with 
their  relatives  had  no  t)l)ject  but  to  people  their  village 
with  new  proselytes,  that  is  to  say,  diminish  tho  number 
of  our  enemies,  and  increase  that  of  our  allies,  as  daily 
hapi)eiu:d.  It  was  even  admitted  that  the  col'  uy  had  uo 
bettor  soldiers  than  those  who  were  iu  this  way  detached 


if 


tr  i/l 


■l> 


if 


tu 


!  Ml 


i,<'  1! 


198 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


...f 


*ll 


-h 


I     \ 


I 

i? 

11 


■A 

■■J 

■'I 

k 


1691.     from  t\w  cautouH,  and  that  tho  towu  ut  tho  Siuilt  was  ouo 
'■^y  '— '  of  its  HtrouguHt  bulwarks. 

If  tht>8o  ChristiuuH  on  hoiuo  occiisioiiH  did  not  do  all  tbiit 
was  oxpoctod  of  thorn,  if  aoiuo  individuals  acted  from  mo- 
tives other  thau  those  iuouleatod  ujhju  them,  no  ouo  be- 
fore or  after  Frouteuac,  thouj^ht  of  makinj,'  the  whole  town 
responsible,  and  much  less,  those  who  directed  it ;  aud  au 
experieuco,  uot  of  teu  yearn  but  of  more  thau  a  ceutury, 
has  tauj^ht  us  that  tho  worst  system  of  f^overuiuj;  those 
people  aud  maiutaiuuif^  theiu  iu  our  iuterest,  is  to  briii<^ 
them  iu  contact  with  tho  French,  whom  they  would  have 
esteemed  more,  had  they  seeu  them  less  closely. 

Iu  tiue,  there  was  no  louf^er  any  doubt  that  the  best  modo 
of  Christianizing  them,  was  to  avoid  Freuchifying  tlioin. 
In  the  sevou  or  eight  mouths  that  tho  Iroquois  of  the  Sault 
and  tho  Mouutaiu,  spent  at  Moutroal,  after  tho  ravage  of 
Lachino,  they  became  uurecoguizable,boiii  as  regards  mo- 
rals and  piety,  and  there  h  no  ouo  now  who  does  uot  ad- 
mit, that  if  their  fervor  is  uo  more,  as  it  was  so  long,  the 
edidcatiou  aud  admiration  of  New  Franco,  it  is  because 
they  have  had  too  much  intercourse  with  us.  The  example 
of  the  Abi''ua([ui  uatious,  much  further  removed  from  the 
French  settlements  and  whose  attachment  to  our  iutoro.st 
could  go  uo  further,  alone  sufficed  to  convince  the  Gen- 
eral of  the  fallacy  of  his  principle.  His  complaints  and 
his  atlvice  were  little  regarded  at  Court,  where  they  were 
at  last  persuaded  that  his  project,  which  they  had  taken 
up  so  warmly  thirty  years  before,  was  neither  useful  nor 
practicable.' 

The  Christians  of  the  Sault  St  Louis  and  tho  Mountain, 
gave  them  even  a  proof  of  their  tidelity  sufficient  to  dispel 
the  suspicion  of  the  Count  do  Frouteuac.     The  Onondaga 


'  Le  Clercq's  Etablissement  de  la  of  tlie  Mississippi,  p.  80.    Li;  Clercq 

Foi,  ]mblislu'(l  in  l(i!)l,  ilcdicati-il  to  iidduccans  11  proolDriiis  posilimi,  tlmt 

Count    di'    [''rontcnuc,    ami   siiid    by  in  Now  Kny;lan(l  aud  .N'cw  Voili  llio 

Charlevoix  to  bv  in   part   hy  liiui,  is  huliaus  had  ainiilgamatiHl  with  tlio 

eutirt'ly  in  tliis  view  of  l-^onchifyiiig  wliiti-s!     Tlic  lu'st  modi!  of  nianaj^o- 

the  Indians,     tieu  tshta,  Ditjcovery  iug  the  ludiuua  is  still  a  problem. 


I . 

t 

I  ( 


IIWTOHV  OF  NKW  FKANiE. 


109 


Clinton,  which  hiul  iidoptud  tho  fiiniily  of  H'umr  lo  Mt)yno,      1691. 
rcsolviMl  to  scml  liiin  a  liolt  to  (lt'|ilorn  th(»  ih-ath  of  Saintu  ■— r— ' 
UoUmu),  his  Hon.     With  tho  ono  appointoil  for  this  ccni-    ^.^  ^^  ^^^ 
mony  thoy  sunt  two  woiuon  of  tho  vilhi^o  on  tho  Mountain  ";'>^|".''/'' 
who    haJ    boou    hoiil   us   prisouoiM,    lint   woro   now    Hot      'iuu'*- 
froo.' 

As  uo  doubt  was  outortaiuod  in  tiio  canton,  hut  that  such 
a  favor  had  brouj^iit  thcso  woniou  ovor  to  tiio  intoionts  of 
tho  nation,  thoy  tiiou},'ht  that  thoy  could  ontrust  ihoui  with 
a  very  doUoato  comniission  ;  they  hainh'd  thoiu  two  bt^its, 
wiiioli  thoy  woro  to  duHvor  soerutly,  ono  to  ono  of  tiio  chiefs 
of  tlioir  villa^'o,  and  tho  otiior  to  Louis  Athoriliata,  wlio  Uvcd 
lit  Sault  St  Louis,  and  was  god-sou  to  tho  king,  liy  tiioHo 
bolts  thoy  woro  invitod  to  return  to  tlioir  country  and  bring 
back  as  many  as  thoy  (!ould  of  tlioir  lolativos  ami  friends, 
and  to  give  groator  ollicacy  to  this  invitation  tho  two  Iro- 
quois womou  woro  to  add  tliat  thoro  was  uo  othor  moans  loft 
thorn  to  escape  perishing  with  tho  Preuch.  On  what  this 
throat  was  based,  wo  shall  soon  see. 

Tho  two  [udians  rocoivod  tho  bolts,  but  at  onco  carried 
thoui  to  tho  Governor  of  Moutroal,  swearing  inviolable  fi)!,'''',''!),."! 
fidelity  to  him.  Tho  Uhovaliordo  (Jalliorcsat  thosamo  timo  '"'"  .'"'* 
loaruod  from  tho  two  woinon,  who  brought  tho  bolts,  that  a 
largo  Iro(^uois  party  had  g(Mio  to  take  post  on  tho  Ottawa 
liivor,  at  a  place  called  tho  Long  llapid,  and  that  it  was 
their  design  to  cut  oil"  all  who  passed  that  way  to  or  from 
MichiUiiuakiuac,  thou  to  spread  ovor  tho  Frouch  sottlomouts 
and  provout  their  gathering  in  tho  crops. 

Tlio  iut\)rmatioii  was  true,  but  tho  Chovalior  do  Vau- 
drouil,  who  had  assembled  at  Quebec  a  large  number  of  .sol- 
diers and  volunteers  to  give  chase  t(j  those  savages,  learned, 
on  passing  Three  ilivers,  that  they  had  decamped,  either 
because  tliey  got  information  of  tlie  preparations  on  foot 
against  them,  or  because  tho  incursions  of  our  allies  into 


;, 


■4 


'  Kelations,  &c.,   N.  Y.  t'ol.  Doc,     toin-   du   rAlueriquu    ii>.'{>t.,    ix.,   p. 
ix.,  p.   518.    De  la  PotUerl^^  His-    135. 


(*'  't     j 

-I'  ); 

1.'. 


''  •■, 


1 


■'ill 


!'t 


■«. 


.'  :i 


i 


20) 


lllSTtJllV   Ol-'   Ni;\V  KUANt'E. 


'    ,. 


Il      '<; 


ii' 


if. 


!l 


1691 


their  ('(iniitry  rcciillfd  tlmiu  to  tlefi'inl  tlioir  fmuilit's  mid 
priivtsiit  tint  laviixiii;,'  of  tlu-ir  own  tonitory.' 

Ill  fiict  llio  Will  coiitiuiicd  (juit(!  vi^'oroiisly  hotwooii  thoMo 
Our riiHiM   IiidiiiiiH,  iiiid  it  iH  ccatiiiu  that  thin  divorHiua  wns  of    vury 

nilltllllK'    to  1        il'i        I  T?  i  III  I'     I   ' 

piwh  (iitt    ^•'"'i*'  iit'l'ty  to  'i**-     I' roiitfiiiif  liiid  l)('t'ii  vi'ry  Miu'CDSMtiil  111 
rcxjuoiii.    gujiiiiij^  {!„,  ottiiwiis  mid  lluroiis,  wlio  did  woihUtm  diiiiii^^ 
thu  wiiitiii'.     Still  liu  hud  not  yot  licrii  tdilu  to  Ht'ud  tluni 
iiitLdlij^oiico  of  tlio  victory  i,'iuiiod  liy  our  troops  ovor  tlio 
Eii;^'lisli  tlot't,  iiud  it  wiiH  uot  until  ttio  ico  multud,  tlmt  du 
Courtfiimncho  mid   do    llcpi'iiti^^ny  wero   mnit  t.)  inform 
thoiu.  Those  two  ollici'is,  with  only  ten  nion,  passed  tlir(iii^,'h 
that  host  of  Iroipiois  who  surroundud  tho  island  of  Mou- 
troal,  and  arrivotl  at  Miehilliiuackinac  without  rucoivin^tho 
least  check.  Tiieir  mission  proihu'ed  all  thoetl't^et  expected, 
and  as  soon  as  they  returned  to  Montreal,  Courtemancho 
received  orders  to  start  back  to  tako  command  aiuon^  tho 
Miamis,  whom  it  was  doomed  uocossary  to  roassuro  a},'aiust 
tiio  incursions  of  tho  Iroipiois,  and  whoso  conduct  tho  au- 
lliorities  wi'io  ilispcjsi'd  to  watch.' 
Rriiof  from      ^^"  '•'"'  ^^^  "'  July  a  small  shij)  from  Franco,  comiuaiul- 
*""*■     cd  \>y  tho  Siour  Donys  do  Donavouturo  anchored  boforo 
(Quebec,  and  tilKul  tlio  whole  city  with  joy,  not  so  much  ou 
act'ount  of  tho  relief  which  it  broa^^iit,  and  which  could  uot 
bo  very  ^'I'oat,  as  by  the  assurance   tho  conimaudaut  f^avo 
that  tho   colony    would   soon  rocoivo  onoujj;h  to  restore 
abundance  to  tho  couutiy.     In  fact,  twelve  days  after  Mr. 
du  Tast,  captain  of  a  ship  of  tho  line,  arrived  with  a  con- 
voy of  fourteen  sail  of  dillorent  siztis.     In  truth,  all  this 
armamout  was.  uot  intended  to  rovictual  tho  colony.     It 
was  destined  chiefly  to  recover  Port  Nelson  from  tho  En- 
glish and  tho  Northern  Ct)mpauy  had  iuourrodmoat  of  the 
outlay.' 

'  Tlie  chief  of  the   Mountain  was  Cnnada    Doc.,   II.,   vi.,  p.  5:}.    800, 

Taiuiiurulouu.  N.  Y.  C(il.  Diic.,  ix.,  p.  t(H>,  N.  Y.  t'ol.    Uoc,  is.,  p.  ,510.     Ho 

51H,  or'raniioura'ma.  Uc  la  rothoriis  set  imt  iroiu  Montival  April  '.!'J. 

iii.,  1/.  loli.  '  Ki'liition  Sir.,  N.  V.  Col.  Doc,  is., 

'•' .loiiruiil    (lu     Sii'ur     clo    Coiirto-  p.  ."Jlll.     Dit  la  I'otlicric,    iii,  p.  IDT. 

niancho.                   ilcpuin     Moiitroal  Du  Ta^t    is   culli'<l   in    the   foriiuT 

jUMpiaux  Outaouas,   June  If,    lOUl.  Du  Tartre, and  in  tliu  latter  Dutas. 


'it  I 


'  u-ht 


niST«)IIY   (»F  NKW   FUANi'E. 


201 


Yot  tliiH  nnt<>rpriso  wuh  not  tlnu  oftrrieil  out,  lunl  the      '"9'' 
roasoii   iiiMiu-(^(l  I'nr  (U>fi>ri'iti^'  it,  iitiiiicly,  tliiU  tlut  hi'iinoii 

WHS  too  fur   lulvillicud,  WllH   littlo    lllol'ii   tllilll   a   prt'tt'Xt,  lll-    Knlirprmo 
tliuii^'li  uut  t'litirt'ly  witlioiit  foiiinliifioii.     'i'lif  real  rc.isoii  rn.i\,i,„|, 
WHS  lliiil  tlio  wliolt)  |>iolil  WHS  to  )^o  to  tlio  (Joiiipiiny,  luid      WUyV"" 
thiit  (ril)orvillo  WHS  to  slum)  tlio  ^loiy  with  tho  Coiumiiu- 
diiiit  of  tin)  iiinj^'s  sliips.  Aci!oriliiif,'iy  tlmt  olUcor,  on  arriv- 
iii;^'  at  (^iu'Imh',  did  not  conceal  Ids  f^!clill^,'S  tiiat  such  an  ex- 
pedition was  not  at  ail  to  his  tast'  .     i't.'t,  as  tho  kin^^'s  or- 
ders   were    positive,  l-'rontcnac,  to  wlioiu  they  were   ad- 
ih'esscd,  did  not  wish  to  take  npnn  liiiasi'lf  to  cli,iii;^e  any- 
tliin;4  of  Ills  ou  II  luilhiii'ity. 

'riii:  e\|icdi.'nt  tliat  he  a  loptid  was  to  asscmldo  those 
interested  in  the  Noidicrn  Company,  and  ail  wiio  possessed 
any  kiiowlt!il;,'o  of  tlic  navigation  of  tlie  Day.  Tin  ru  Mt. 
lUi  Tast  sot  forth  tho  reasons  wluch  ,<eenied  to  hiui  most 
suitalile  to  convince  them  of  the  dan^'erof  exposin;^'  ships 
on  that  sea  so  late  in  the  season.  All  wiTe  convinced,  or 
saw  that  it  wouhl  bo  useless  to  seem  not  to  be,  and  do 
Frontouac  and  do  Chami)i^'ny  deemed  it  expedient  not 
to  express  thoir  own  opinions.' 

Moreover  they  had  positive  iufonnatiou  that  tho  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  ami  all  tho  lower  river,  were  infested  by 
English  cruisers,  who  had  already  captured  sovoral 
merchantmen  and  tishinj,'  smacks,  and  it  did  not  displease 
tho  Cioveruor-General  to  tiud  that  du  Tast  preferred 
cruising  iu  those  parts  to  making  war  in  Hudson's 
Bay  ;  more  cs})ecially  as  this  second  destination  was 
given  iu  that  captain's  instructions,  iu  case  the  tirst  was 
doomed  absolutely  impossible." 

Withiu  a  short  time  a  rumor  began  to  spread  that  tho  orcnt  pro- 
English  were  seriously  thinking  of  taking  thoir  roveuge  'of"'tiic"' 
for   tho   atl'.out   they  had   received   tho   year   before  otF      *;"^^"0' 
Quebec  ;  it  was   oveu  positively  stated   that  Pliibs  had 


'  Decision  prise  par  MM.  de  Fron-  ''  Frontunnc  to  tlio  Minister,  Oct. 
tennc  ft  Champigny,  July  10,  lOUl.  !.'0,  1091.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  U.,  p. 
Canada  Doc,  IL,  vi.,  p.  60. 


1 


i  ' 


505, 


\i 


4 


u^^ 


202 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


?/ 


L 


U  ■ 


1! 


i6gi.  gone  to  Enp;lan(l,  and  was  to  return  with  a  fleet  ninch 
>i^y—  y  more  powerful  tlian  the  last  for  a  new  attempt.  Finally 
they  were  iiifonned  tiiat  very  f^roat  preparations  were 
making  at  Albany  to  attack  the  island  of  Montreal, 
Phibs'  voyage  and  plans  were  real  ;  but  his  exertions  were 
useless  ;  to  all  appearance  they  had  not  sufticient  conti- 
dence  in  his  ability  to  entrust  him  with  a  second  arma- 
ment, the  more  especially  as  ho  was  no  longer  in  a  position 
to  bear  the  expense.' 

That  preparing  in  New  York  was  not  strong  enough  to 
act  successfully  alone ;  for  it  was  composed  of  only  live 
hundred  men,'^  one  hundred  and  eighty  English,  tl.>o  rest 
Mohawks  and  Mohegans.  Yet  it  gave  rise  to  a  very 
sharp  action ;  but  that  Providence  which  protected  New 
France  appeared  in  a  very  sensible  manner.  The  army 
which  the  preceding  year  was  to  fall  on  the  head  of  the 
colony,  having  been  dispersed  by  the  disunion  which 
arose,  they  were  able  to  meet  the  English  fleet  with  all  the 
forces  of  the  colony,  and  this  year  the  fleet  in  its  turn  fail- 
ing, Montreal  had  means  to  resist  all  the  efforts  which  the 
English  and  their  allies  could  make  to  penetrate  to  that 
island. 
The  enemy  In  fact,  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  no  sooner  learned  that 
jJ^Huroai'.  the  enemy  were  approaching,  than  he  without  difficulty 
collected  from  seven  to  eight  hundred  men  whom  he  eu- 
camjjed  at  la  Prairie  de  la  Magdeleine.  He  then  sent  out 
several  scouting  parties,  and  a  few  days  after,  one  of  the 
sons  of  the  Sieur  Hertel,  to  wl.iom  he  had  assigned  three 
Algomiuins  and  an  Iroquois  of  the  Mountain  to  watch  the 
march  of  the  confederates,  brought  in  word,  that  he  had 
seen  a  canoe  in  Sorel  river,  a  little  above  the  Chambly  ra- 


'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  540.  bnwks,  0(5  River  Indians  :  tntnl,  2GG. 

'  Somi!  nu'nioirs  even  reduce  it  to  Tlio  Helution,    lOOl-'i,  N.   Y.    Col. 

280    men.       rhtftcnnx.      This  was  Doe.,  ix.,  j).  5'JO,  says  :200  Knglish  and 

Major  Peter  Schuyler's  Expedition,  n  great  number  ol'.Moliepiii.s  and  Mo- 

as  to   which,  see  his  Report,  N.  Y  hawlis.  ThoUistoirede  I'Eau  deA'ie 

Col.  Doc.,iii.,  p.  800;  he  there  makes  en  (Canada,  p.  180,  says  140  English 

hiB    force    120   Christians,  80  Mo-  and  80  Mohegans. 


\-L\k 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 

pid  ;  tliiit  on  approachiuj,',  Lo  saw  that  tbcy  were  Mo- 
hiuvks,  who  seemed  to  hiiu  to  be  also  on  a  scout ;  tliat  he 
fiii'd  ou  them'  and  brought  down  five.* 

On  tliis  report  tlio  Governor  of  Montreal  perceived  that 
Chambly  was  in  danger,  and  he  deemed  it  advisable  to 
s(!iid  the  Siour  de  Valrenes'  to  the  spot  with  two  hundred 
men.  He  ordered  him,  if  the  enemy  made  any  movement 
against  that  post,  to  threw  himself  ir  and  defend  it ;  f 
lliey  passed  on,  not  to  allow  himself  to  be  seen  but  to 
follow  their  trail  so  as  to  take  them  in  the  rear,  while  he 
himself  attacked  them  in  front.  Two  other  captains, 
Messrs.  do  Muys  and  d'Orvilliors,  the  Sieur  Dupuys,  lieu- 
tenant iu Valrenes'  company,  and  many  subalterns,  wore  in 
tliis  party,  which  was  followed  by  a  number  of  Indians 
and  provincials,  Avho  were  to  form  a  corps  apart  under  the 
connuiuul  of  the  Sieur  le  Bert  du  Chesne,  who  was  al- 
ready ported  near  Chambly.' 

Among  the  domesticated  Indians,  were  three  chiefs  of 
L,a-cat  renown  ;  Oureouhare  commanded  the  Hurons  of 
Lorette  ;  Paul,  an  Iroquois  of  Sault  St.  Louis,  led  the 
warriors  of  his  town  and  those  of  the  Mountain,  and  la 
Routine,  a  Temiskaming  chief,  was  at  the  head  of  a  large 
party  of  his  nation  of  Algonquins.  For  three  days  those 
who  remained  at  la  Prairie  de  la  Magdeleine,  slept  in  biv- 
ouac, when,  on  the  night  of  August  iOth  and  11th,  which 
was  extremely  dark  and  rainy,  weary  with  previous 
watches,  and  soaked  with  rain,  they  retired  within  the  fort, 
where  Mr.  do  Callieres  was  contined  to  his  bed  with  a  vio- 
lent fever,  '  'i  li:id  not  left  him  since  he  started  from 
Montreal. 


203 


1691. 


Do 

Callicre's 
prepiira- 
tions  for 

defence. 


VI 

it  i 


t  ii 


[III 

p 


'X.  Y.Col.,  Doc,  ix.,  p.  531. 

'Du  la  Pothcrk-,  iii,  p.  lliO,  aiUl« 
this. 

'  C'liMiicnt  (U>  Vuault  de  Valri'iincs 
wa8  from  St.  ,Jran  (!<-  la  Poteric  in 
the  iliiH'i'Sf  or  Hcauvais,  and  dc- 
sci'uded  (Vdiu  tlic  Clements,  Mar- 
shals  of    France.     He    entered  the 


service  in  lOUa.     He  was  on  Denon-     diers. 


ville's  expedition,  in  1G87.  Dan- 
iel, ii.,  p.  284.  Ferland,  ii.,  235, 
N,  Y.  Col.,  Doc.,  ix..  ,    3.59. 

^  N.  V.  Col.,  Doc,  ix,  p.  .T'l,  Bi'nac, 
Canada  Doe  ,  11.,  vi„  p.  77.  De  la 
I'otlierie,  iii.,  p.  V.',\>.  Failloa,  Vie 
lie  Mile  Le  Ber,  p.  123,  says  Lo 
Ber   had  80  Canadians  and  80  sol- 


^,'^il 


»^ 


It' 


iP 


I 


:i 


m 


^1 


204 


Action  of 

Ln  Prairiu 

(111  lu 

Magdc- 

lome. 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 

This  fort  was  thirty  panos  from  the  river,  on  an  aljrujjt 
elevation  between  two  prairies,  one  of  which,  facing  a 
place  call  La  Fourche,  is  intersected  by  a  little  river  within 
cannon-shot  of  the  fort,  and  a  little  nearer  by  a  ravine. 
Between  the  two  is  a  current  on  which  t.  mill  hud  be(>u 
built ;  on  this  side  to  the  left  of  the  fort  the  militia  wore 
encamp(Ml,  and  had  boon  joined  by  some  Ottawas  who 
Happened  to  bo  at  Montreal  when  the  alarm  was  given. 
The  regular  troops  were  encam])od  on  the  right,  and  tlie 
officers  had  pitched  their  tents  opposite  on  an  eminence.' 

An  hoiar  before  daybreak,  the  sentinel  posted  at  the 
mill  perceived  men  creeping  along  the  height  where  the 
fort  stood.  He  immediately  fired  his  piece,  called,  "  To 
Arms  !"  and  sprang  into  the  mill.'  They  were  enemies, 
who,  creeping  along  between  the  little  river  La  Fonrclie 
and  the  ravine,  gained  the  bank  of  the  river  and  took  up 
a  position  there ;  then,  finding  the  militia  quarters  un- 
manned, drove  out  the  few  who  remained,  and  held  their 
gi'ound.  Some  provincials  and  six  Ottawas  were  killed  in 
thio  surprise.' 

At  the  sentinel's  call,  Mr.  de  St.  Cyrquo,  an  old  captain, 
commanding  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  de  Calliores,  marched 
at  the  head  of  the  troops,  a  part  of  whom  followed  the 
river  edge,  and  a  part  crossed  the  prairie,  passing  around 
the  fort.  The  battalion  commanded  by  Saint  Cyrque  in 
person  first  came  in  sight  of  the  militia  quarters ,  although 
that  officer  was  not  yet  aware  that  the  enemy  were  in  pos- 
session, still  having  some  suspicion  he  halted  to  get  infor- 


'  Relation,  1691-3.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  ix.,  p.  531.  Do  la  Potliorie, 
HiBtoire  de  I'Ameriquu  Sept.,  iii.,  p. 
139. 

'  lb.  Belmont,  Histoire  ilu  Cnnnda, 
p.  3fj.  'riiis  was  Aug.  1,  O.  S.,  11, 
N.  S.  Sdiiiyler  says  tlie  sentinel  or 
miller  killed  one  of  his  Indians,  and 
was  firing  ajriiiu  from  tlie  window 
when  tliey  shot  liim.  Miijur  I'eter 
Schuyler's  .Tournal  of  his  expedition. 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  iii.,  p.  803. 


3  Relation,  &c.,  l(ini-3,  N.  Y.  Col 
Doc.,  is.,  p.  .lil.  Do  la  Potherio 
Histoico  de  I'.Vin.Tiqiie  Sept.,  iii.,  p. 
130-40.  Both  BelnKint,  Histoire  du 
Canada  p.  33,  and  the  Histoire  de 
I'Kau  de  Vic  en  Canada,  p.  18,  as- 
cribe! the  surprise  to  a  night  spent 
in  debauchery.  Schuyler,  Journal. 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  801,  says  the 
Ottawas  were  under  cano(>s.  He 
claims  to  Lave  destroyed  most  of 
them. 


I 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


205 


1691. 


mation.  At  tliat  moment  a  volley  of  musketry  opened 
upon  them,  mortally  wouiuliug  him  and  the  Sieur  d'Escai- 
rac  inul  killing  Mr.  d'Hosta  on  the  spot.' 

Tlie  second  battalion  came  up  at  the  moment,  led  oy  Mr. 
do  la  Chassivigne,  and  rushed  headlong  on  the  enemy,  who, 
after  a  very  vigorous  resistance,  seeing  themselves  ou  the 
point  of  having  the  whole  French  army  upon  them,  re- 
treated in  very  good  order.  Mr.  do  St.  Cyrque  wa.i  bleed- 
ing to  death,  the  artery  in  the  log  being  cut,  but  nothing 
could  induce  him  to  retire  within  the  fort  till  he  saw  the 
enemy  turn  their  backs  ;  and  ho  thus  by  his  intrepidity 
atoned  for  his  fault  in  allowing  himself  to  be  surprised. 
He  fell  dead  some  moments  after,  at  the  very  entrance  of 
the  fort,  and  d'Escairac  died  the  next  day." 

Men  were  quite  surprised  to  see  them  allow  the  enemy 
to  complete  his  retreat  tranquilly,  and  with  an  aii-  which 
was  rather  that  of  conquerors  than  vanquished.  More- 
over, we  had  killed  only  live  or  sis.  of  their  men,  wounded 
about  thirty  and  taken  a  single  grenadier  at  the  moment 
when  he  was  preparmg  to  throw  grenades  into  the  fort. 
Our  loss  was  greater,  evuu  without  counting  the  three  of- 
ficers already  named.  Moreover,  they  carried  off  the  scalps 
of  several  of  the  Froncli,  and  uttered  loud  cries,  as  though 
they  wished  to  insult  our  troops. 

Tins  inaction  resulted  from  there  being  no  one  to  com- 
mand, or  perhaps,  becau.se  every  one  wished  to  command  ;  ^""  -  ° 
but  it  did  not  last.  The  enemy  had  nearly  entered  a 
wood,  when  they  perceived  a  small  French  detachment, 
commanded  by  the  Hieav  Domergue,  following  closely  ; 
they  formed  an  ambasoado  into  which  those  In-avo  fellows 


Mr.  do 
Valrenub. 


'  Bemic,  Relation,  Ciiuada  Doc.  It., 
vi.,  !>.  77.  Rfgistor  of  la  Prairi.', 
KiiJl.  Daiiiol,  Nos  filoirns,  ii.,  p.  'iH2. 

■  Ri'lation,  &o.,  X.  V.  Col.  Doc,  is., 
I'.  r>3i.  Dc  la  i'otlii-i-io,  Ilistoirt'  dt- 
rAm.'riqiiu  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  MO.  Bel- 
luoiit,    llistoire   du   Canada,   p.   31. 


Ilia  life  iu  t'le  best  regiments 
in  France,  and  to  Lave  commanded 
a  battalion  in  Sicily.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  [).  ,j-,"J.  Cliainpigny  to  the 
minister,  Aug.  V2,  1091.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p,  rm,  describes  the  action 
briefly,  and  there  is  ([uite  a  detailed 


■ii: 
■4 


'M\' 


m 

if 

/i.iil 


^' 


■  Tx 


St.  Cyrque  is  said  to  have  served  all    account  in  the  Register  of  La  I'rairie, 


■'.Va 


Ul 


1  «V  '  >. 


..L* 


n 


%  !! 


t'd 


1' 


<^' 


< 


I 


206 


1691. 


Defeat  of 
the  eiK'iny. 

Loss  oil 
both  Bides. 


fllSTOKY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 

fell  aiul  wfr(3  killed  to  a  man.'  Still  more  elated  by  this 
new  success,  the  coufeileratcs  resumed  the  route  by  which 
they  had  come ;  but  after  marching  two  leagues,  their 
runuers  discovered  Mr.  do  Valreues,  who,  at  the  first 
sound  of  an  action,  had  hastened  up  with  Mr.  lo  Bort  and 
the  Indians.  The  runners  had  seen  only  the  head  of  this 
corps  of  troops,  and  the  enemy,  not  thinking  it  so  large, 
imagined  that  they  could  dispose  of  it  as  easily  as  they 
had  of  Domergue's.  "Without  a  moment's  hesitation  they 
attacked  it,  and  that  with  a  resolution  that  would  have 
disconcerted  a  commander  less  firm  and  li'ss  ready  than 
Valrenes.  Fortunately  for  that  officer  there  were  at  the 
sjiot  two  large  fallen  trees.  A  man  who  knows  his  busi- 
ness, turns  to  advantage  what  would  escape  the  attention 
of  another." 

Valrenes  accordingly  made  breastworks  of  these  trees, 
placing  his  men  behind,  flat  on  the  ground,  to  receive  the 
tirst  fire  of  the  enemy.  He  then  gave  the  word  to  rise, 
divided  them  into  three  bands,  each  of  which  tired  ;  then, 
with  incredible  presence  of  mind  and  celerity,  he  drew 
them  up  in  line,  and  charged  the  enemy  with  so  much  or- 
der and  vigor,  that  they  gave  way  on  all  sides.  The  allies 
nevertheless  rallied  no  less  than  twice  ;  but  after  a  fight 
of  an  hour  and  a  half  they  were  compelled  to  disband 
and  their  rout  was  complete.'  One  hundred  and  twenty 
were  counted  on  the  field,  and  it  was  afterwards  ascer- 
tained that  the  wounded  far  exceeded  the  killed  in  num- 
ber."    This   action   was  a  very  sharp  one,  and   managed 


'  Doiucrgiio  was  killed  in  the  ra- 
vine, with  twelve  men,  and  Seliuy- 
lertook  three  of  the  party  prisoniTs. 
Schuyler's  Journal,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
lii.,  1).  801.  Hehnont,  Ilistoire  du 
Canada,  ii.  114.  Benao,  Kelation, 
Canada  Doc..  II.,  vi.,  p.  78. 

•^Relation,  &e.,  l(!!)l-3.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  is.,  p.  '>2'2.  Do  la  I'otlierie, 
Histoire  do  I'Amerique  Sept.,  iii.,  p. 
141-2 


'  Schuyler's  Journal,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  iii.,  p.804.  gays  that  Valrenes 
was  between  him  and  his  canoes ; 
that  h.;  cut  bis  way  through  the 
I'Vench,  then  turned  and  drove  them 
liack.  The  Friiieli  accounts  admit 
that  Routine  »as  repulsed,  in  a 
charge,  and  that  sniue  of  Le  Bert's 
Canadians  at  first  gave  way. 

J  Th(!  Kelation,  10!Jl-a,  from  In- 
dians who  counted  the  dead  and  in- 


■ill 


r 

1/  ^i, 


IlISTOKY  OF   NEW  FRANCE. 

with  (ill  possiblo  skill.     Valronos  was  evcrywhoro,  bravely 
exposing  his  ixtsoii,  aud  giving  ^lis  orders  with  as  much 
saiigt'ioid  as  if  commaudiug  a  drill.      Tho  young  aud  va- 
liant lo   13ort  Du  Chesuo  distiuguished  himself   extremely 
at  the  head  of  the  Canadians,  and  was  mortally  wounded,' 
as  well  as  auother  olUcer,  named  Varlet.    Thetliree  Indian 
chiefs  outdid  tlunuselves,  and  PauP  was  killed  eucourag- 
iug  his  Iroquois  by  word  and  example  to  light  to  the  death 
against  the  enemies  of  the  Faith.     Tho  English  aud  Mo- 
hawks di.'-'pla3'ed  a  courage  that  at  tirst  made  tho  victory 
doubtful.     For  a  long  time   they  fought  hand  to  hand  or 
so  near  as  to  blackeu  each  other's  faces  with  powder.     Tho 
victors  took  Hags  and  baggage,  but  Jo  Valreues  would  not 
pursue  the  fugitives,  his  meu  being  so  spent  with  fatigue 
that   they    could   uo    longer   stand  or   hold   their   arms. 
They  had  indeed  been  marching  three  days  over  frightful 
roads,  uuablo  to  tako  a  momeut's  rest,  without  provisions, 
aud  with  nothing  but  muddy  water  to  quench  their  thirst 
Valreues   thought  that  a  fresh  troop  of  Iroquois  from 


eluding  prtsonors,  and  Do  la  Potlie- 
rie,  lUiiku  English  loss  200 :  'I'lio 
foniiiT  says  that  the  Mohawks  h'ft 
30  deiul  oil  tliu  iield,  \).  'yiii  Bel- 
mont says  Suiiuylor  had  101  killed. 
De  la  I'othi'ilL'  says  tho  Froiich  lost 
in  all,  40,  and  "had  40  wounded. 
Schuyler,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iii.,  p.  HO."), 
gives  his  loss,  2i  Christmns,  10  .Mo- 
hawks, six  Kiver  ludiaus,  wounded 
35,  but  roducoB  his  dead  by  six  re- 
turned. Ho  ostimates  French  loss 
in  all  :iOO.  Colden,  History  of  the 
Five  Nations,  p.  1:29,  makes  Freni^li 
loss  l;j  olHcers,  300  men.  He  does 
not  give  Schuyler's  loss,  merely  say- 
ing the  Mohawks  had  17  killed,  11 
wouudeil.  Smith,  History  of  New 
York,  p.  78,  makes  the  French  loss 
300. 

'  John  Vincent  Le  Her  du  Cliesne. 
son  of  James  Le  Her,  from  I'istri'  in 
the  diocese  of  Kouen  and  of  Jane  Le 


Moyne.  was  a  brother  of  the  famoUij 
Canadian  recluse,  Jane  Le  Her.  Ht. 
v.iis  born  at  Montreal  in  lOGd,  and 
after  receiving  his  death  wound  as 
here  stated,  was  taken  to  his  father's 
house,  and  di(!d  there,  Aug.  13. 
Kaillon,  Vie  de  .Vile,  le  Ber,  p.  ia.5, 
oUo-1,  correcting  his  life  of  Mar- 
guerite Uoiirgeoys,  i.,  p.  358.  James 
Lo  Ber  was  surnameil  La  Hose  and 
after  being  ennobled,  assumed  tho 
namo"de  Saint  Paul." 

''  Paul  was  a  Huron  by  origin,  but 
was  one  of  the  oldest,  and  the  most 
eloiiueiit  of  the  Dogiciues  or  chiefs 
of  the  Mission  in  La  Prairie  and  tho 
Sault.  He  seems  to  have  been  of  tho 
earliest  settlers,  and  was  a  chief  as 
early  as  l()7.j.  See  Sliea's  History 
of  the  Catholic  .Missions,  pp  3(i;^, 
32:!. 

''  lieiiap,  lielaliou,  Canada  Doo.,  H., 


207 


1 6(1 1 


m 

ml  (I 


H 


'■■'1 


4 


r  -i.i 


«,'j,' 


m 


i 


'!  IN  ! 


,1 


if 


208  HISTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

J  69 1  Raiilt  St.  Louis  who  had  startotl  at  tho  soiintl  of  tlio  firing, 
'—^v^'  to  take  part,  but  who  had  como  up  ouly  when  tho  atl'tiir  was 
over,  mi{,'ht  do  what  his  own  men  wcro  no  longer  in  a  con- 
dition to  attempt ;  but  those  Indians,  liearing  tho  voUeys 
fired  at  the  funeral  of  tho  officers  killed  in  tho  first  acviou, 
imagined  that  a  new  battle  was  going  on  at  la  Prairio  do  la 
Magdeleine  ;  they  at  once  hurried  thither,  and  this  ojror  was 
tho  salvation  of  tho  English  and  the  Mohawks.  Wo  had 
this  day  sixty  men  killed  and  as  many  wounded,  some  of 
whom  died,  among  them,  Messrs.  lo  Bert  and  Varlet.  An 
Englishman  taken  prisoner  by  do  Valrenes,  told  hiui  that 
after  tho  I'eturn  of  this  party,  a  second  of  four  hundred 
men  was  to  come ;  that  at  the  same  time  five  hundred  Iro- 
quois were  to  como  by  Catarocouy,  and  that  their  object 
was  to  prevent  tho  French  from  gathering  in  their  crops  ; 
but  nothing  appeared,  and  the  harvest,  the  loss  of  which 
would  have  reduced  the  colony  to  the  last  extremity,  was 
gatherec'  "ery  tranquilly  and  proved  very  abundant." 


I    ' 


'  Rulation,  &c.,  1091-2.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  J).  523.  Cliampigny 
to  the  Minister,  Aug.  12,  1G91,  des- 
cribes Valrcues'  action  brietiy.  N. 
Y.  t'ol.  Uoc,  ix.,  p.  504.  So  too  La 
Hontan,  Voyages,  i.,  p.  239.  C'olden 
in  his  History  of  tlio  Five  Nations, 
pp.  127-8,  confounds  John  and  Peter 
Bohuyler'B  expeditions,  ascribing  the 


affair  to  Peter,  but  making  it  pre- 
cede Phipps'  attack  on  Quebec. 
Smith,  UiBtory  of  New  York,  p.  78, 
though  ignorant  of  Jolin  Scliuyler'a 
expedition,  corrects  <  'olden 's  error  as 
to  Peter's.  Chalmers,  Con.  Political 
Annals,  p.  74,  is  also  misled,  See 
Historical  Magazine,  II.,  iii.,  p. 
203. 


il 


BOOK  XY. 


*i   A< 


m 


-y'A 


'  111 


m 


I'  I 


M 


H 


.!' 


ri 


i  1' 


i^-^-' 


iK  '.> 


'',    ('I 

-4 


''it:.! 


l! 


•*■!'■•■., 


( • 


I 


I*. 


!    ';' 


1!^ 


/.N/.iM/.N    Dim  i;hs. 


^^OK^oiAMA^  De.  tXeteic 


!iJ»V>t.C 


U^<AA^^ 


jVfc  -~. 


BOOK   XV. 


y 


1 69 1 . 


Tho 
Kii«llsh 

uoutnilil/. 


On  lioaring  of  tho  enemy's  approach,  Froutonac  sot  out 
from  (^iifl)oc  for  Moutroul ;  but  ou  arriviiif^  there  ho 
Itunied  of  their  defeat  and  llight,  and  at  oiiee  retraced  his 
.steps.  Shortly  after  lie  received  letters  from  tho  (iover- 
uor-Geueral  of  New  Euyhiud,  bef,'i,'iug  him  to  restore  tho 
prisoners  takeu  by  the  Abi'uacpiis  ou  his  territory,  aud 
proposing  to  him  ueutrahty  in  America,  uotwitlistuudiug 
tile  war  still  subsistiug  botweeu  tho  two  Crowus  iu  Europe. 
It  was  easy  to  iufor  that  this  proposition  was  uot  made 
sincerely,  iuasmuch  as  the  English  general  said  nothing  of 
sending  back  the  French  detained  by  him  at  13ostou  ;  and 
that  the  oidy  motive  for  tho  step,  was  some  diliicvdty  iu 
which  New  England  found  itse'  , 

The  Baron  do  St.  Castin,  who  had  made  a  considerable  J^^^^  \ 
establishment  among  tho  Abeuaiiuis  and  even  married  a 
a  y<niug  woman  of  that  tribe,  soon  solved  the  enigma  iu  a 
memoir  which  he  transmitted  to  do  Froutonac.  Ho  there 
stated  that  the  English  and  Dutch  in  New  York,  were  at 
war,  and  that  tho  object  of  the  Englisli  Governor  was  also 
to  seduce  from  us  the  Abenuipii  Indians  by  means  of  tho 
proposed  exchange,  or  at  least  to  induce  them  to  arrest 
their  incursions,  but  that  he  woulil  undertake  to  baffle  tho 
execution  of  that  project.' 

Ou^this  information  Frontenac  replied  to  the  English 
General,  that  when  he  restored  to  him  tiio  Chevalier  d'Eau 
aud  Mr.  de  Manuoval,  whom  ho  retained  as  prisoners, 

'  Hcliitidii,  &c.,  lOOl-','.  N.  Y.  Col.     Pontchurtruiu,  Oct.  20,  101)1.     lb.  p.  , 
Uoc.,    ix.,    p.    52.').    Frontenuc    to    505. 


w 


% 


1:^ 


il 


212 


HISTOIIY  OK  NKW  FIIANCK. 


I'", 


I  ■> 


ill 


II 


I 


>    i 


tho  fonii»>r  hy  tlio  troiiclu'iy  i>f  tin'  Iro(|\K)iH,  tlio  liittir 
tlniiii^'li  tho  bud  faith  of  Adiiiinil  I'hilm,  ho  nii^ht  (>|ii'n 
,  ii(i;,'uliiUioiix,  liiit  williuiit  this  prchmimiiy  ho  would  hst"'ii 
njiiy.  to  iiotliiiiL;.  lie  tlnii  wroli'  to  liiu  Count  (hi  I'outcliiiitiaia 
to  l.iy  litl'iHT  liiiii  thn  iidviintii^'fH  \vhi»'h  thi*  troiii)h's  iu 
Ni'VV  York  iitVoidt'd  lor  [\ir  corKjui'st  of  that  proviurc  ; 
hut  the  MiuisttT  ri'iiHi'd  tii  it  tint  Kin^'  ui'i'ihxl  ail  ids 
forni'H  iu  ICuioin'.aud  tliat  Ids  Maji'sty's  viows  iu  I'ci^ard 
to  Now  Fntuo(!,  woro  contiuoil  to  a  luoro  [uovoution  of 
Eiip,'lish  uttouiittH. 

Allliou^'li  tlioy  hiul  oiitiroly  rocovorod  at  Montnnil 
from  tiu»  fi'ur  iuspin^l  l)y  tlio  two  larj^o  partios  inoutiou- 
cd  in  tlio  priTcdiii^'  IJooli,  lucu  woro  uot  entirely  tnuuiuil. 
Minor  hostilities  coutiuued,  fow  woi'lis  passod  without 
Hovoral  ahiriuH,  and  but  for  tho  precaution  of  ^'iviuj^ 
f^uards  to  tho  harrostors,  many  of  tho  farnnTs  wtjuld 
liave  Ijeeu  killod  while  yottiu;^  iu  tho  crops.  Ouroouiiari', 
who  had  distinf,'uishod  himself  on  ho  miuiy  occasiou3 
during  tho  two  last  caiui)aiyus,  aud  quite  lecoutly  iu  tho 
hist  combat  under  do  Valrenos,  performed,  towards  tho 
closi'  of  this  campaign,  au  action  which  otlectually  de- 
termined liis  position  as  tho  ally  ou  whom  wo  could 
most  surely  rely. 
ETvloit  of  Ho  hud  scarcely  reached  Montreal  after  tho  defeat  of 
tho  English  ani  Mohawks,  when  au  Inxpiois  party  ad- 
vanced to  Dos  1  '  -ies  river  and  carried  oil'  throo  Frouch- 
mon ;  he  at  oace  gave  chaso,  aud  overtaking  them  at 
tho  Flat  llapid,  ou  tho  route  to  Cataracouy,  killed  two 
men,  took  ftjur  jirisoners,  aud  brougiit  back  tho  French 
to  Montreal.  Some  tinio  after  he  came  down  to  Quebec 
to  see  the  Governor  General,  who  loaded  him  with  pro- 
seuts  and  courtesies ;  to  these  ho  was  quite  seusible, 
aud  ou  starting  back  to  Montreal,  said,  with  a  modesty 
remarkable  iu  au  Indian,  that  he  had  not  yet  done  enough 
to  show  his  obligations  to  hia  Father,  and  tho  sincerity 
of  his  language  is  evinced  by  the  fact  that  when  several 
tribes  ofl'ered   to  uiako  him   their  chief,  he  replied   that 


Ourcnu 


:%■ 


IIIS'IOHY   <)l''  NKW    KUANCH 


91B 


Iio  would  novrr  cttacli  liiiiiMiIf   except  to  tlio  jhtsou  uf 

Oii'Mitliiii.'  —"v^ 

^lutinwhiltt  FroiitiMiac,  not  conti'iil  with  licholdiiif^'  tliu  inriTi'i'timi 

I'liiliirr  III'    llin    nii'iiiics'  pn>jt)ctK    (iK"'"'^t    Now  Friuict',  IikIiImm 'I'l'm 

winlii'il    ill  llllll    tiMMlTVllin    Will'  llldl  ( llcjl' lllidst,  llllll  IIS  till)     ''"'""*"• 

MdIiuwLh  had  iiddiul  pfi'liily  to  tlirir  oM  aiiiiuosity  ii^'aiust 
thi(  I'li'iich,  ho  roHolvod  to  bcf^lii  witli  tiiciu.  Fivo  or  h\\ 
hundred  iiii'ii  had  orders  to  outor  that  ciuitoii,  ami  iic- 
tiially  to  ik  iho  lii'id.  I  havo  1)im)I1  ui>al)lo  to  iiHciM'tain 
who  was  ill  coiuiaand  of  this  oxpcditioii,  hut  it  oortainly 
did  not  roaoli  thu  oumny's  territory,  tlm  oouditioii  of  tho 
roads  and  tlio  udvaueod  sotisou  lnvvinj^  compollod  it  to  ro- 
tiiru.'  llo  was  c'ousol(>d  by  tho  arrival  of  tliii  Si(Mir  d' 
Iherviiie  IVoui  Hudson's  Bay  with  two  ships  loaded  with 
eij^dity  tliousand  franes  worth  of  bciivor-skiuH,  and  ovor  six 
thousand  six  hundred  livros  of  smaller  furs.' 

llodid  not  romaiu  lou''  at   Quebec,  but  proeoodod  to 

,  .  Ncwn   from 

France  with  tlie  \'u\\v  of  reviviii!^  the  )>rojcH?t(Ml  oxpcnlition      Acudlu. 

iij,'aiust  l*oil   Nelson,  whicli  ho   knew  hi;^ddy  in  favor  at 

eonrt.     At  tho  sanio  time  camo   in  intelligence  tliat  tho 

Ab'''iiu(piis    had  gained  new  vietorii's  over  tho  English  ; 

that     the     Chevalier     de    Villebon     had    reached    Port 

Roj'il   on   a    vessel    commanded    by    de    Bonaveuturo, 

who  had  brought  in  an  English  prize,  having  on   board 

tlie  Chevalier   Nelson,    and    tho  Siour   Tyne,'   appointed 

Governor  of  Acadia.  Those  two  prisoners  wore  somo  limo 


'  II)  ;  !>.'  Ill  P.'MiiMic.  Ilistoirc  do 
rAiii.  Si'pt.,  iii.,  p.  1  tl-.'). 

■•'  TliiTc  iiri'Diily  viifjiii-  iiidicatioiis 
118  to  tills  iitjiiir;  a  (luciiinrlit  l''i'li 
ir.  IDlf,',  N.  Y.  I'ol.  Doc,  ix.,  ])..  .l.'S, 
iiicntinns  an  intended  iiioveiiieni 
nuainst  the  .MrilunvkH,  mid  HeliUDnl, 
llistdire  du  Caniida,  Inii^e  lil,  spenks 
lit'  a  party  for  (liieiila,  under  Ueau- 
<•  mrt  ;  wliile  de  la  I'litlieiie,  id.,  p. 
lll'.l.  and  the  Itelaticm,  Kilr.'  ;i.  N.  Y. 
('ill.  l>iic.,  is,  p.  ■"i.'iT,  mention  an 
aliiiitive  expeditiou  against  Ouud- 
dugu. 


'  Relation.  &c.,  1CI)3,  N.  Y.  Col. 
nor.,  ix.,  p.,  5'J(I. 

*  Tine,  De  la  I'litherlc,  IliBtoirH 
de  r.Vni>Tii|iie,  iii.,  pufro  14y.  Tync, 
Keliitiiiii,  &('.,  N.  v.  Col.,  I)oc.,ix.,  p., 
ry'u.  C'lil.  Kihvard  Tyni;.  lie  pur- 
chased land  in  Portland,  in  !«(!*); 
removed  there  in  iiiso,  and  next 
year  rDinnianded  the  fort.  He  lonj; 
wa.-i  line  iif  the  Ciiuneil  ol'  Maine, 
am.  in  l(i:-iS  Lt.  Cnl.  of  Siipidahoc. 
From  Ciiieliee,  lie  waH  sent  to  I'rancH 
and  died  thero.  Maino  Hist.  Coll.,  I., 
p.  llCi,  214. 


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II  ! 


214 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


!! 


4,, 


Mi 


:l  ;■ 


1691, 


.afti'i'  sent  to  Quo])oc,  wliiro  Froutenac  received  tlicm quite 
AvcU.  Ho  troiitoil  Nelsou  witli  ^reat  courtesy,  not  only 
from  gratitude,  that  geutleiuau  having  acted  very  kindly 
to  the  French  in  several  instances,  but  also  because  ho  en- 
joyed great  intluence  at  Boston.' 
Mr.  do  To  return  to  Acadia.  After  Admiral  Phibs  had  effected 
iiiiiii' 11)111-  the  conquest,  the  Court  of  England  seemed  not  anxious  to 
"tiim'"  retain  it,  and  Port  Iloyal  fell  to  the  strongest,  sometimes 
to  the  French,  sometimes  to  the  English,  sometimes  aban- 
doned by  both  alike.  Tho  Chevalier  de  Villebon  had,  as 
Ave  have  seen,  proceeded  to'  Quebec  after  tlio  loss  of  the 
vessel  that  had  taken  him  to  that  \wvt.  Thence  he  pro- 
ceeded to  France,  laid  before  the  Minister  the  ease  and 
importance  of  preventing  the  English  from  planting  theia- 
selves  in  Acadia,  and  undertook  to  effect  it  with  the  Abe- 
naqnis  alone,  if  he  %yas  authorized  to  put  himself  at  their 
head.' 

He  was  listened  to  with  favor  ;  Mr.  de  Pontchartrain 
issued  to  him  a  royal  commission  to  command  in  Acadia, 
and  ordercnl  him  to  embark  for  Quebec  in  the  month  of 
Juno  of  the  current  year  1(391,  there  to  receive  his  orders 
from  the  Count  de  Frontenac.  His  majesty  at  the  same 
time  notified  that  General,  that  being  informed  of  the  at- 
tachment of  the  Abenaquis  Indians  to  his  service,  their 
courage,  and  all  that  they  had  done  against  the  English, 
and  wishing  with  the  help  of  these  brave  men  to  maintain 
possession  of  Acadia,  until  he  should  deem  it  expedient  to 
carry  out  the  resolution  he  had  formed  of  restoring  Port 
Iloyal,  he  desired  that  they  should  be  furnished,  in  their 
]ilace  of  al)ode,  M'ith  all  tho  munitions  that  they  had  soli- 
cited through  tho  Sieur  de  Villebon,  his  intention  being 
that  they  should  not  be  i)ut  to  the  trouble  of  going  to 
Quebec  for  tliom ;  that  with  this  object  he  had  enjoined 
the  said  tSicur  do  Villebon  to  go  and  put  himself  at  their 


'N.  Y.  Col,  Due,  ix.,  p.  .VJT,  f)3'2.         •Villebon  to   Pontcliiirtrnin,  Oct 


La  Ilontnn,  Yoya^iw,  i.,  ji.  2;J2. 


V2,  Kiyi.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  .JOO 


Il 


HISTOIIY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


215 


1 1  ii 


head  as  Comraandixut  iu  Acadia,  with  tho  Sioui-  do  Povt- 
ucuf,  his  brother,  and  lioiitouaut  iu  his  company,  aud 
some  other  Canadian  olficors  to  bo  chosen  by  the  Gover- 
nor-General. 

Early  in  July,  Villebon  anchored  off  Quebec  in  tho 
Soleil  d'Afri(]^ue,  tho  fastest  vessel  then  in  Europe,'  but  his 
aft'airs  were  not  furthered  by  las  having  boon  so  exjiedi- 
tious.  In  Canada  all  were  convinced  that  tho  English 
were  preparing  to  return,  and  at  such  a  juncture,  tho 
Count  do  Frontenac  did  not  feel  bound  to  deprive  himself 
of  tho  aid  that  ho  might  derive  from  tho  Soleil  d'Afri(pio  ; 
ho  detained  her  till  the  sixth  of  Soptoinber,  when,  believing 
that  ho  had  no  longer  anything  to  fear  from  tho  English, 
he  permitted  the  Chevalier  de  Villebon  to  depart,  after 
furnishing  him  with  all  that  his  orders  roijuired. 

It  was  not  till  the  twenty-sixth  of  November  that 
Villebon  reached  Port  lloyal ;  as  soon  as  ho  weighed 
anchor  he  manned  his  long  boat,  aud  embarking  with 
fifty  soldiers  and  two  peterci'os,  advanced  to  tho  houses 
where  he  perceived  the  English  flag,  but  found  no  Eng- 
lish to  guard  it.  He  lowered  it,  and  ran  up  that  of 
France  in  its  stead.  The  next  day  he  collected  tho  settlers, 
and,  in  their  presence,  made  in  his  majesty's  name  a  new 
act  of  taking  possession  of  Port  lloyal  and  all  Acadia.' 

The  Sieur  des  Gouttins,  who  had  come  with  him  to  re- 
sumo  the  office  of  Commissaire  Ordonnateur,  notilied 
him  that  he  had  buried  a  sum  of  thirteen  hundred 
livres  remaining  in  his  hands  when  Phibs  captured  tho 
place,  and  this  money  was  found  just  as  he  had  loft  it. 
Tho  Commissaire,  who  alone  knew  of  it,  and  might  have 
appropriated  it  had  he  been  a  less  honest  man,  employed 
a  part  to  pay  an  officer  what  was  duo  him  on  his  salary, 
and  put  the  rest  in  the  king's  treasury.     Ho  lost  nothing 


1691. 


lie  tiikua 

llOSSOiisiOU 
of     P(,.t 

Koyal. 


H 


%!'. 
Uv 


f4\ 


i' 


I  '  I 


Uk    i 


'4' 


'  r  'I 


'  She  is  said  to  bavo  r.ado  soveii  iiiaqiiiil  srizrd    IIi-i;rman   and  two 

leasjUL's  an  hour.     Cli'iiirniix.  otliors,   wiit  liy     (iov.  Slimi^litcr  of 

*  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  1).  520.   Em-  N.   Y.   Hist.   MS.,  xxxviii.,    p.  2Vi, 

boldened  by  this,  tho  Indians  at  Pe-  xxsis.,  j).  1*9. 


'il  1 


;             'i?'       ; 

■(. 

1  i 

216 


illSntliV    OV   NKW   l-'RANCE. 


•Is  ■ 


!!ite 


Atti'iii))!  of 
the 


Siuill   St. 
Louis. 


691.     ^'y  t'li^  conduct :  .accused  some  years  afterwards  of  dofal- 

--f cfitiou,  the  ronieiubrauco  of  this  proof  of  his  fidelity  and 

disiuterestcduess  olitaiuod  his  discharge  without  an  iuves- 
tigatiou. 

The  Iroquois  had  constantly  kept  up  their  hostilities  ; 
two  Indian  women,  prisoners  in  their  hands,  having  escaped 
si'i'nlri^ic  early  in  November,  warned  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  that 
two  parties,  of  three  hundred  and  fifty  men  each,  were  on 
the  march  to  surprise  Sault  St.  Louis.  On  this  intelli- 
gence the  Governor  sent  part  of  the  troops  he  had  at 
Montreal,  to  that  town,  distributed  another  portion  in  the 
neighboring  forts,  and  committed  the  defence  of  the  city 
to  its  inhabitants.  A  few  days  aftei',  one  of  the  two  par- 
ties, coming  by  way  of  Lake  Ontario,  appeared  in  sight  of 
the  Saiilt,  but  did  not  venture  out  of  the  wockIs  ;  the 
troops  marched  against  these  Indians,  and  for  two  days 
there  was  some  sharp  skirmishing,  with  about  equal  loss 
on  both  sides.  Ihe  enemy,  who  had  counted  on  a  surprise, 
then  retired. 

This  first  party  comprised  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and 
Senecas ;  the  second,  composed  of  Mohawks,  Mohegans, 
and  Oneidas,  had  taken  its  route  by  Lake  Champlain  ; 
but  some  having  deserted,  and  the  chiefs  learning  of  the 
retreat  of  the  first,  deemed  it  inexpedient  to  go  any  further. 
There  were,  nevertheless,  forty  or  fifty  men  who,  detached 
and  in  small  bands^overran  the  French  settlements,  carrying 
off  some  settler.s,  who,  in  spite  of  orders,  had  strayed  off. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  month,  thirty-four  Mohawks 
near  the  Mountain  of  Chambly  surprised  some  Indians  of 
Sault  St.  Louis,  who  were  hunting  there  without  any  pre- 
caution, killed  foiar,  took  eight,  some  of  whom  escaped,  and 
hastened  to  notify  the  village  of  what  had  just  happened. 
Fifty  braves  immediately  gave  chase  to  the  enemy, 
and  overtook  them  near  Lake  Champlain.  The  latter, 
seeing   their    approach,  took    post  behind   some  rocks  ; 

'  The  Marquis  de  Crisasi  commanded.    De  laPotlierie,  iii.,  p.  167. 


V  ill  ous 
iiostil  ties. 


i 


HISTOliV    OV  NKW   FliANCE, 

but  ihc  Cljiistians  foil  upon  them  with  such  fnry,  axe  iu 
huiul,  as  to  force  the  iutreuchmeiit.  Sixtceu  Moluuvks 
were  left  elead  on  the  tiekl,  tifteeu  taken,  aud  the  pris- 
ouers  delivered. 

At  the  commoucemeiit  of  February,  1G92,  de  Callieres 
received  orders  froni  de  Frontenac  to  raise  a  party,  and 
send  it  to  the  peninsula  formed  by  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Ottawa.  The  Iroquois  often  went  there  to  hunt  in  winter, 
and  the  Governor-General  was  informed  that  great  num- 
bers were  actually  there.  De  Callieres  soon  gathered 
three  hundred  French  and  Indians,  whom  he  placed  under 
the  orders  of  d'Orvilliers,  but  that  officer  having  scalded 
his  leg  after  some  days'  nuirch,  was  obliged  to  return  to 
Montreal,  leaving  his  party  under  the  command  of  de  Beau- 
court,'  a  reduced  captain  who  is  now  Governor  of  Montreal. 

Tliat  olHcer,  on  arriving  at  Touiliata  island,  a  short  day's 
marcli  this  side  of  Catarocouy,  there  met  fifty  Senecas, 
who  had  advanced  that  far,  hunting,  intending  to  follow 
our  settlements  and  prevent  the  farmers  planting  their 
crops.  Ho  attacked  them  in  their  cabins  on  a  very  stormy 
day,  killed  twenty-four,  captured  sixteen,  and  delivered 
an  officer  named  La  Plante,  taken  three  years  before,  and 
mIk),  not  at  tirst  recognized  iu  his  Indian  guise,  came  very 
nt'.ir  being  killed  as  an  Iroquois.'^ 

Here  this  expedition  terminated.  From  the  prisoners 
they  learned  that  another  jiarty  of  a  liuudred  Iroquois, 
also  of  the  Seneca  canton,  were  hunting  near  the  Chau- 
diere  Falls  on  the  Ottawa,  that  it  was  their  design  to  en- 
camp there  as  soon  as  the  snow  melted ;  that  two  hundred 
Onondagas,   commanded  by  Black    Kettle,  one  of  their 

'  The  Chevnlier  Dubois  Bcrtelot  IVrtlierie,  llistoiro  de  rArat'riqne 
(If  Bciiucourf,  a  valuablf  officer,  born  Si'iitcnt,  iii  ,  p.  15(i,  l(!(i-8.  L* 
iu  llilil) ;  lieuti'iiiint  iu  l(!i)l  ;  reduicd  llontiiu,  i.,  p. ',';!;),  describes  t'lie  biiru- 
raplidu  and  naval  ensiirn  in  Ul'.Ml ;  ing  of  two  of  the  1','  InMpiois  prisou- 
ibrtitied  yuebec  iu  Ki'.Ci  and  1TI2  ;  ers.  Hehnont,  UiHtoiredii  CiUiada.  p. 
governor  ofrhret^Jivors  iu  17;i3  :  of  ;il,  savs  the  Seneca  chief,  Tatet,'ue- 
Montrenl  iu  1789  :  active  during  war  nouihilii.  liad  (iO  men,  of  wlmni  'J  l 
down  to  1 748.  Daniel,  ii.,  pp.  28:3, 
2U0,  •,>!).■>.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  is.,  [.[i.  51U, 
b71,  1005,  s.,  p.  149. 

»  N.  Y.  Col  ix.,  Doc.,  p.  534.  De  la 


were  killed,  and  -'I  taken.  Six 
Chippewavs  liilletl,  and  three  cliiefs 
of  the  Mountain, 


ir^i 


if 


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■H  '[■ 

■in 

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A. 


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till 


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» 


5' 


li' 


1 1 


; 

1 

1        i 

1 


218 


IIlSTOnT   OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


1692.      bravest  cliiefs,  Avore  to  joiu  them  aiul  spend  the  wliole  plca- 
^— -— -'  saut  season  tlioro,  so  as  to  stop  all  the  I'lciich  who  eu- 
deavorecl  to  go  to  or  from  Micliinimackiuac. 
The,  As  a  great  convoy  from   all  the  North  and  West,  was 

biockudc  daily  expectcil, all  felt  the  aU-ioluto  necessity  of  seuiliug  a 
Jivxr""^lol  ii°o^^  escort  to  meet  it ;  but  do  Calliures  could  not  strip 
Ottawufl.]  ^^^  district  of  soldiers,  requiring  all  his  troops  to  protect 
the  people  engaged  in  agricultural  labors.  Ho  accordingly 
notified  tho  Count  do  Frontenac  of  what  he  had  just  heard. 
The  General,  ';ou\:nced  that  the  defeat  of  fifty  ISenecas  at 
Touihata  had  broken  up  the  designs  of  the  Irocpxois,  or- 
dered him  to  dispatch  at  once,  St.  Michel  with  forty  Cana- 
dian voj-ageurs  to  carry  his  orders  to  ^Michihimackiuac  and 
to  give  him  an  escort  of  threo  well  arm'.'d  cauoes  till  ho 
got  beyond  the  Chaudiero  Falls.' 

The  ChevaUer  de  Callieres  obeyed;  the  escort  conducted 
the  Canadians  to  the  designated  spot  without  meeting  a 
single  Iroquois ;  but  a  few  days  after  tit.  Michel  perceiv- 
ing trails,  and  two  Iroquois,  apparently  scouts,  had  uo 
doubt  but  th-iit  Black  Kettle  was  at  hand  with  all  his  force, 
and  returned  to  Montreal.  Ho  had  but  just  landed  there, 
Avhen  de  Frontenac,  arriving  from  Quebec,  sent  him  otf 
again  with  thirty  Frenchmen,  and  as  many  Indians.  The 
General  ordered  Lieutenant  Tilly  de  St.  Pierre  to  follow, 
taking  the  lliviero  du  Lievre,  which  empties  into  the  Otta- 
wa, five  leagues  below  the  Chaudiere  Falls,  and  he  gave 
that  officer  a  duplicate  of  tho  order  to  de  Louvigny  car- 
ried by  St.  Michel. 

His  jDrecpution  was  fortunate.  St.  Michel  arrived  at  the 
Portage  des  Chats,"  the  place  where  ho  had  turned  back 
on  his  first  attempt,  and  again  saw  two  scouts,  and  a  great 
number  of  cauoes  just  launching.  Deeming  it  imprudent 
to  expose  himself  to  too  unequal  a  contest,  ho,  for  the  se- 
cond time,  took  up  his  route  for  Montreal.  Three  days 
after  reaching  there,  sixty  Indians  from  the  inland,  k)adud 
with  furs,  arrived  byway  of  Ilivicro  du  Lievre,  announcing 
that  they  had  met  de  St.  Pierre,  beyond  all  danger.     They 


1 


'  N.  Y.  Col,  Doc,  is..,  p.  535.    » In  Onslow  Township.    '  T6te  de  Boules. 


.(iB 


i  i 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


219 


ti-iultnl  tleir  furs,  and  askud  uu  escort  to  roach  the  spot      i^Q?- 
where  they  were  agaiu  to  take  the  by-ways. 

St.  Micucl  ollV'reil  to  accompany  them,  and  his  offer  was  Dofout  of  a 


accepttid.  A.U  escort  of  thirty  men  was  assigned  to  him, 
commanded  by  Lieutenant  do  la  Gomerayo  who  had  under 
him  hi  Fresnicro,  eldest  sou  of  the  Sieur  Hertcl,  and  ano- 
ther of  his  brothers,  both  ensigns.  This  detachment 
reached  the  Long  Rapid  on  the  great  river  (Ottawa,)  where 
it  was  necessary  to  make  a  portage ;  but  while  one  part  of 
tlie  men  was  getting  up  the  empty  canoes,  and  the  other 
marching  along  the  bank  to  cover  them,  i.  volley  from  un- 
seen hands  drove  off  the  Indians  who  formed  the  second 
party,  and  killed  or  wounded  several  of  the  French. 

The  Iro(piois  immediately  issuing  from  their  ambuscade, 
rushed  furiously  on  our  surviving  men,  and  in  the  confu- 
sion caused  by  so  sudden  and  unexpected  an  attack,  those 
who  sprang  to  the  canoes  overset  them,  so  that  the  enemy 
had  easy  work  with  men  lightiug  at  once  against  them 
and  against  the  current  which  was  sweejiiug  them  away. 
La  Gemerayo,  the  two  Hertels  and  St.  Michel,  neverthe- 
less defended  themselves  wdth  a  valor  that  would  have 
saved  them  had  not  the  Indians  abandoned  them  ;  for  it 
was  afterwards  ascertained,  that  Black  Kettle  had  with 
him  only  one  hundred  and  forty  men  and  about  sixty  wo- 
men and  children. 

But  these  officers  having  soon  lobt  their  best  men,  hf.d 
no  alternative  but  to  embark  and  retreat  with  all  expedi- 
tion. Unfortunately,  the  canoe  into  which  St.  Michel  and 
the  tv/o  Hertels  sprang,  oapsizod,  and  they  were  all  three 
taken.  La  Gemeraye  and  some  soldiers  were  so  fortunate 
as  to  escape  and  reach  Montreal.'  There  news  had  just 
arrived  of  the  esea^jc  of  the  Chevalier  d'Eaufrom  Manhat- 
tan, and  of  the  continuation  of  the  troubles  between  the 
Dutch  and  English  in  Ne  -v  York. 

For  some  time  no  more  was  heard  of  the  Iroqnois,  and 
the  Count  de  Frontenac,  who  had  asked  the  court  for 
troops,  his  own   not  having  been   recruited   for  several 

>  De    la    Putherie,   iii.,  p.    15T-8.     La  Hontan,  Voyages,  i.,  p.  237. 


FremU 

Indian 

Piirty. 


II 


i 


■I'il 

t  (1.  '  i 


M   ,, 


m\ 


!'. 


Hi;, 


M 


A 


J,, 


220 


niSTOKY    OF    NEW    FRANCE. 


I  ( 


I  ' 


::*t; 


I  j 


^1      ,>: 


1) 


1^'92. 


The 
IrocjiioiKul 
lowed  to 


PursiH'd 

mill     srlllU! 

iul\ii)it;ii;c 
giiinc'l. 


jfiU'H,  K'ft  ^[outri^iil,  wlicrc  all  wiis  ti';vii(|iiil,  so  as  to  bo  in 
■  Qiiobci.!  ou  tlio  aiTival  of  tho  ships  troin  Fiiuici';  but  on  tho 
15th  of  July,  when  least  c'X2)cctc;(l,  Black  Kottlo  laado  a 
clash  iuto  the  island  at  a  place  called  la  Chesuayo,  and 
carried  oil'  three  little  Indians  who  were  fishing,  and  four- 
teen countrymen  who  were  making  hay. 

As  soon  as  the  Chevalier  do  Callieres  heard  of  it,  ho 
sent  Captain  du-Plessys  Faber  against  liiiii  with  a  hun- 
dred soldiers,  followed  by  the  Chevalier  do  Vaudroail  attlio 
head  of  two  hundred  men.  The  encnny,  veeing  himself 
about  to  be  attacked  by  superior  forces,  and  that  the  Siour 
do  Villedonui'',  a  Froneli  officer,  taken  at  tho  same  time  as 
tho  Sieur  do  la  Plaute,  had  also  escaped,  took  to  tho  wood.s 
and  tliid  prcjcipitiitoly,  abandoning  his  canoes  and  somo 
baggage.  Ho  -was  not  inirsued,  but  had  time  to  make  other 
canoes  and  reach  tho  Ottav/a  again. 

Villedoune,  ou  arriving  at  Montreal,  told  the  Governor 
that  tho  Iro(£uois  had  cached  quantities  of  furs  on  tho 
banks  of  the  Long  Ilapid.  All  the  detachments  Avcro 
thereupon  recalled,  and  formed  into  a  single  corps,  to 
which  were  attached  one  hundred  and  twenty  Indians  of 
Sault  St.  Louis,  and  tho  Mountain,  and  with  this  little 
army,  the  chevalier  do  \  audreuil  was  ordered  to  pursue  tho 
enemy.  Ho  was  so  expeditioiis  as  to  overtake  tho  enemy's 
rear,  two  leagues  above  the  Long  Rapid,  killing  ten  men, 
capturing  five  with  thirteen  women,  and  rescuing  the  three 
little  Indians,  with  six  of  tho  French.     The  rest  escaped.' 

Some  daj's  af':er  tho  Sieur  do  Lusiguan,  reduced  cap- 
tain, fell  iuto  an  ambuscade,  while  passing  the  llicheliou 
islands,  and  was  killed  at  tiuy  first  volley  ■j'  la  Monclerie, 
his  lieutenant,  almost  single  handed,  sustained  a  continu- 
al fire  for  tw(j  hours,  and  thou  made  a  masterly  retreat." 
This  intelligence  obliged  do  Frontenac  to  go  uj)  to   Mon- 

'  Oi'laPothcriu,  Ilistoirode  I'Ami''-  11,  iuchulini,' 4  oIHcith.     X.   Y.  t'ol. 

rique  [Sept.    iii.,  \>.   lliO-l.  siivs,  uiiu^  Doc,  ix.,  \t.  .j:))!.    Uclmont,  ]).  li.j. 

wouK'U  uiul  live  cliildn'U  taken,  ami  ■' Niirriitivi',  &c.,    IH'.II-'J.     N.    Y. 

beskioH  till' nine  prisoiicistaki'ii  at  la  Col.  Doc.  ix.,  p.  ri-W.  Di'  la  I'othcric, 

Chesniiyc,  tliive  otliiT  French  jiriHo-  Ilistoire,  iii.  p.   Ull,  says  .Inly '.30. 

nerswere  rescued.    The  French  lost  '  De  lu  I'otUerie,  iii.,  p.  101. 


I 


I 


\ 


IIISTOUY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


221 


troiil  early  iu  August,  ami  ho  took  up  tlirca  liundrotl  mili-      '92. 
ti  I,  wliom  ho  (hstributud  iu  tlio  most  oxposoil  .sottlomeuts     '^^ 
to  [)rotect  tlio  harvcjsturs. 

Iu  tho  city  ho  t'oiuul  two  huudroil  Ottawas,  v  ho  had 
successfully  mu  all  tho  passages  ;  l)ut  thoy  had  uot  voa- 
turctl  to  briug  ilowu  their  I'lirs,  do  St.  Pierre  having  ^ 
warned  tlieiu  of  Ulacli  Kettle's  presence  on  the  Ottawa. 
Tliat  ollicur  even  exhortcsd  them,  conformably  to  Fronto- 
uao's  or.ler  to  him,  uot  to  start  till  they  had  certain  iutol- 
lij,'euce  of  the  de[)artare  of  the  Iroquois ;  but  their  utter 
want  of  muuilions  aud  provisions  had  prevented  their 
lou^'or  delay.' 

Fronteuac  received  theiu  cordially,  and  proposed  an  ex-  Fronteniic 
iieditiou  a'''ainst  the  coiaiuou  eueiuy  which  tho  domicihat-  an  oxpcdi- 

1     T  '•  1     ir  141-  •       1       1    i!  ''""•       '^'''0 

od  Iroipiois  aud  iiiirous  aud  Abeuacpiis  liau  lor  some  ottawiisdo- 
time  desired  ;  but  the  Ottawas  refused  to  join,  either  from 
lack  of  good  will,  or  more  probably  bocauso  thoy  thought 
it  wrong  to  make  any  eugagemeuts  without  tho  consent  of 
their  sachems."  The  Cleueral  was  consoled,  when,  a  fow 
days  later,  he  received  a  letter  announcing  that  tho  ships 
had  arrived  from  Franco,  but  without  any  recruits ;  for 
ho  noeded  all  his  forces  to  maintain  his  posts,  most  of 
which  would  havo  boon  loft  uum  luned,  had  he,  dopondiug 
on  reinforcouionts  from  France,  d  'tached  part  of  his  troops 
with  the  Indians,  as  ho  had  proposed.  As  soon  as  t'^a 
Ottawas  started,  ho  returned  to  Quebec,  where  the  Cheva- 
lier d'Eau  arrived  almost  at  tho  same  time  as  ho.' 


■I'lV 


'Narrative,  cSic,  1(5!)  1-i.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  o37.  Du  la  I'otluTie 
iii.,  |).  103. 

''  Uo  la  I'othoriu,  Hist,  di;  TAiu. 
Siipl.,  iii..  p.  lii''.  (iruat  I'carn  worn 
ibit  (It  Albany,  liowovur,  and  many 
(k'sortud  tlu'ii'  I'anus,  i'roL'laniatloii 
.Moll.  IU,  l(j',)-.',,  Albany  MS.,  sxxviii., 

p.  «5,  ().  vn. 

^  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  .n:].  Uo 
la  Potherio,  iii.,  p.  103     Tlio  narra- 


tivi!  of  d'Aux  was  ai)parently  used 
by  Do  la  Pothurio.  Aftor  suoing  Ilia 
attendants  butclierod,  and  being 
tied  to  the  wtako  hinisflf,  ho  was  ta- 
ki'n  to  New  York,  rid  there  harshly 
treated.  He  escaped,  but  was  reta- 
ken at  New  London,  and  sout  to 
Uoston,  wlwnce  he  escaped,  seo  N. 
Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  .5:J;5.  His  Indian 
name  is  u;iven  as  Dionakaronde  lb., 
iv.,  p.  131. 


m 


^«!l 


1^ 

i'''j| 


I 


I 


•1-       ? 


M^fti 


»        .'v 


222 


UISTOIIY   OF   NEW    FRANCE 


ruiii'ird 


i6i^2.         Wliilo  tho  Iro(iU()is  iilouo  thus  kopt  tho  coutro  of  tliu 

colouy  in  coustiuit  uUiriu,  I'Licoiiti.-i  aud  Acadia  woi'o    in 

Hcarooly  less  tlilliculty  to   clcit'oud  thuiuscivos  against  tlio 

'■  J  Eugiish.     lutolliyouco  vocoivocl  by  Frontouac  aud  comiuii- 

im  i<:iii;iisii  uicatod  to  tho  Court,  that  Sir  i  Wiiliaiu)  Piiibs,  haviu''  bo- 
como  troveruor-Gouoral  of  Now  Euglaud,  was  seriously 
tliiukiug  of  ouco  moro  attouiptiug  tho  oom^uost  of  Now 
Frauco,  had  boon  coutirmod  frciiu  othor  quartors  so  cir- 
cumstantially, that  tho  Kiug  aud  his  miuistor  folt  it  uo- 
cossary  to  tako  positive  uioasuros  to  ohook  tho  Eut;!  ,i  iu 
tho  St.  Lawrouco.  Propor  as  woro  tho  moasuros  a  loptod 
they  would  not  have  proveutod  tho  passage  of  tho  ououiy, 
hatl  they  appeared.' 

Tho  Chevalier  du  Palais  sailed  from  Frauco  with  a  squad - 

Tin'  uini;  i-qh   which  was  tirst   to  ougago  the  Euglish   doot,  should 
Knmii     it  attempt  to  force  a  passage,  aud  thou  take  his  opportu- 

N>wi<)iiii(l-  uity  to  fall  ou  the  posts  occupied  by  tho  Euglish  ou  tlie  is- 

iiii-scs  its  laud  of  Newfouudlaud.  That  officer  stop[)(id  for  some 
uiiy.  time  at  Spaniard  Bay,'  detaching  a  vessel  to  tho  mouth  of 
tho  'iver  to  rocounoitro,  with  orders  to  the  captain,  iu 
case  It/  saw  the  enemy,  to  returu  at  once  aud  report.  After 
cruising  a  long  time  in  the  gulf,  and  the  mouth  of  tho  river, 
the  officer  thus  detached,  seeing  nothing,  sailed  back  to- 
wards Spaniard  Bay  at  tho  time  designated,  but  encountered 
such  a  furious  and  stubborn  wind,  that  after  many  fruitless 
efforts  to  rejoin  the  squadron,  he  was  compelled  to  go  before 
the  wind  and  returu  to  France. 

This  accident  entirely  disconcerted  the  projects  of  the 
Chevalier  du  Palais,  who,  while  awaiting  this  ship,  lost  all 
tho  time  he  might  have  employed  iu  tho  euterprises  as- 
signed to  him.  His  mortidcation  was  doubtless  redoubled 
Avhou  ho  learned  iu  what  pjril  the  Newfoundland  colouy 
had  been,  and  what  an  opportunity  he  had  lost  of  captur- 
ing an  English  lleet,  for  apparently  that  squadi'ou  could 


'  Memoir  on  the  i)r()jccte(l  attack  Uelation,   100^-3.     N.  Y.  Col.  Doc., 

on  Canada, N.  Y.  Col. Doc,  ix., p.  543.  ix.,  j).  ."iljl.     Dr.  OCallaghau,  N.  Y. 

-Do     la     I'otherio,    Histoire     <le  I'ol.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  .JU,  iiiaked  it  Syd- 

rAnieriiiue    Sept.,  iii.,  p.   17"),   and  uey  Harbor,  Cape  Breton. 


•I 


..\ 


rilSTORV  OF  NKVV   FRANCE.  223 

iiol  liiivc  enppd  with  him,  since  it  failoil  before  a  more  shell       ,(,^2. 
foutaiiiiii;,'  lit  most  lii'ty  iuhabitantH,  ami  iu  vaiu  attacked  a   ^— y—- ' 
wretelicd  i'ort,  garrisouod  by  only  tifty  men.     It  happened 
thus  :' 

WHion  the  fleet  of  French  morcl'autmon  which  liad  coiuo 
to  tish  oH' Newfoundland,  was  ready  to  sail  home,  du  aii,irk,,i'i,y 
BroniJlan,  'die  Governor  of  ''lauontia,  was  informed,  on  the  eii,i;1U1i. 
lith  of  Sej)tember,  that  an  English  lleet  lay  at  anchor  tivo 
leagues  from  that  i)ort  in  a  l^ay  near  Cape  St.  Mary's.  The 
intelligmico  was  correi't,  and  the  next  day  tho  squadron 
anchoreil  in  sight  f  roadstead,  but  out  of  range.     Tlio 

Governor  at  once  .  ined  a  company  of  sixty  men  under 
tiio  Baron  de  la  Hontan,  a  reduced  captain,  wlio  had  re- 
cently been  sent  to  him  from  t^uebee.  He  is  the  same 
person  wlioso  Memoirs  we  have  on  Canada,  a  work  wliieli 
is  seen  at  a  glance  to  have  been  dictated  by  the  spirit  of 
irreligion,  and  by  resentment  at  having  been  dismissed 
from  the  service.' 

This  detachmout  held  a  post  where  there  was  every 
reason  to  expect  tliat  tho  enemy  would  attempt  a  landing, 
and  from  which  he  might  then  gain  tho  summit  of  a  moun- 
tain, ami  silence  tlu  guns  of  the  fort  by  his  musketry, 
.itill  the  English  made  no  movement  that  day,  except  to 
sound  the  harbor.  On  tho  17th  all  their  boats,  full  of  sol- 
diers, ajiproached  the  bay,  where  la  Hontan  was  posted  ; 
perceiving  him  i)efore  they  came  witliiu  musket  shot,  they 
changed  their  course.  They  ran  iu  behind  a  little  capo, 
Avhere  they  hastily  put  some  men  ashore,  who  set  tire  to 
the  woods,  and  re-embarked  with  the  same  precipitation. 
Tiuiy  doubtless  hoped,  by  tho  favor  of  this  contlagratiou, 
to  reconnoitre  tiie  situation  of  the  fort  auil  other  posts  oc- 
cupied by  the  French,  but  time  was  not  allowed  them. 
During  tliis  interval,  de  Brouillan,  after  providing,  as  far 
as  in  him  lay,  for  tlie  safety  of  the  fort,  throw  up  a  log  re- 
doubt on  the  mountain  alluded  to,  and  on  the  18th,  plant- 


'  So.'  bri.'ay,  N.  Y.  Col.  Uoc,  ix., 

pp.  544,  am. 


'■  Soo  auto,  vol.  iii.,  p.  330,  i.,  pj 


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Tlipy  fliim 
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Tbo  fittac 
begins 


HISTORY   OF   NEW  FRANCE 

rd  a  fonr-j^MUi  hjittorj  on  tlio  Pointo  dii  Gonlct,  at  tlio 
utlitu"  sidu  of  tlio  moiilli  of  tho  Basin,  both  to  roiidor  the 
Croiilot  iuaccossililo  to  tlio  oiiomy,  aud  to  di-fond  tho  ca- 
l)l('s  with  which  ho  had  closed  it.  Morc(»V(a'  tho  uior- 
chaiitmou  had  diawu  up  in  lino  to  disputo  tho  j)assaf^o 
which  tho  English  durst  not  attempt. 

At  noon,  on  tho  samo  day,  a  boat  was  soon  advanciuf^ 
with  a  white  tlaj,' ;  tho  Oovornor  sunt  a  S'.'rj,'oant  to  int-et 
it,  and  the  olDcei'  in  charj^o  havinj^  told  this  man  that  ho 
wished  to  speak  to  tho  commandant,  was  taken  to  tlie  fort 
bUndi'olded.  Mr.  do  BrouiUan  asked  him  what  this  com- 
mission was,  and  ho  ro])lied,  that  ho  came  in  tho  name  of 
Mr.  Williams,  his  {,'eneral,  to  salute  him,  and  be^'  him  to 
acud  an  oflicer  on  board,  to  whom  ho  miyht  explain  tlio 
object  of  his  voyage.  Ho  addod  that  there  were  on  board 
tho  squadron,  a  French  ship  ca})taiu  and  several  sailors, 
prisoners  of  war,  aud  that  an  arrangement  might  bo  made 
in  regard  to  thorn. 

Tho  Governor,  seeing  no  objection  to  granting  this  re- 
quest, dispatched  do  hi  Hontan  and  Pasttmr,  a  nephew  of 
Mr.  do  Costobello,  and  lieutenant  in  his  company,  to  tho 
English  geuei'al,  who  received  them  with  great  courtesy 
and  dismissed  them  without  tolling  them  anything.  On . 
their  return,  tho  English  officer  already  mentioned,  and 
another,  who  had  remained  as  hostages  in  tho  fort,  were 
also  sent  back  ;  but  the  former,  before  embarking,  declared 
to  the  Governor  that  ho  had  orders  to  tell  him  that  they 
were  sent  to  take  possession  of  Placcntia  in  tho  name  of 
William  III.,  King  of  Great  Britain,  aud  that  General 
Williams  summoned  him  to  surrender  the  place,  aud  all 
possessed  by  the  French  in  the  Bay.  To  this  summons  Mr. 
do  BrouiUan  replied  as  became  him,  and  the  officers  retired. 

La  Hontan  and  Pastour  had  reported  that  the  Albans, 
'■'  tho  English  admiral's  ship,  carried  seventy-two  guns,  that 
there  were  two  others  of  a2)parently  nearly  tho  same  force, 
tho  Plymouth  aud  Galere  ;  a  f  rigato  smaller,  aud  a  store- 
ship  of  28  guns.  The  manceuvro  of  the  preceding  evening, 
however,  induced  a  belief  that  there  were  few  laud  troops 


A 


1 


IIISTOIIY  <)l''   NKVV   FIIANCE. 

on  ))oar(l  tliis  H([nii(lron.  On  tlio  lOtli,  tlio  l)OHiop;ors,  who 
liiid  I'cckinioil  on  tiikiti^  ""'.>'  '*""  post,  found  tliriM)  :  Kort  - 
8t.  Louis,  tilt'  rmloiilit  on  tlio  Mountain,  and  tlio  liatlory 
nt  the  Poiuto  du  Goulut.  Tho  sij^ht  of  this  aoomod  to  as- 
tonish tlioin  ;  for  tho  samo  day  Admiral  Williams  sout  to 
inform  ^[r.  do  Brouillan,  that  whoii  ho  wished  to  mako  any 
proposition,  he  iiood  only  raiso  a  rod  Hi  ^. 

Tho  Govornor  sooinj^  that  WilliaiU'J  'oworod  histoao  bo- 
cauHo  ho  disti'ustod  tho  success  of  his  outerpriso,  was  tho 
first  to  open  fire.  Tho  English  at  onco  re])li(>d,  and  for 
fT)ur  hours  their  firo  was  (|uito  heavy.  That  of  tho  fort 
was  inodeiato,  do  IJrouillan  wishing  to  oconoinize  his  am- 
murtition,  his  Hup[)ly  Ix-iitg  but  small;  I)ut  his  guns  were 
biittor  haudlod,  for  after  six  hours  light,  tho  flagship  was 
K(U'n  running  before  tlio  wind  and  drawing  out  of  the  lino. 
The  Freiieli  were  almost  down  to  thoir  last  chargeof  pow- 
der, and  wcYkj  using  only  tho  onemy's  balls,  picked  up  iu 
tho  houses ;  nearly  every  building  being  riddled  by  thoiu. 
Tho  niorchautmou,  tho  captains  and  crows  of  which 
showed  great  alacrity,  were  not  better  supplied  ;  but  one 
hundred  and  twenty  men  whom  they  landed,  and  who 
were  encouraged  to  exertion  by  tho  presence  and  words 
of  the  ollicers,  were  of  great  assistance  in  tho  batteries. 
Towards  evening  tho  four  ships,  which  remained  in  liuo, 
retired  one  after  another  ;  but  tho  Governor,  uuablo  to 
imagine  that  so  strong  a  squadron  had  only  two  thousand 
sJiots  to  firo,  had  no  doubt  but  that  they  would  renew  the 
attack  the  next  day. 

He  accordingly  labored  diligently  to  repair  tho  broaches 
made  in  his  ramparts  and  batteries  by  tho  cannon,  and  as 
he  had  only  five  or  six  men  hors  du  combat,  tho  work  was 
done  iu  six  hours.  On  tho  20th  a  French  prisoner  on  tho 
English  x\  Imiral's  ship  escaped,  and  reported  to  tho  Gov- 
ernor that  the  enemy  seemed  very  irresolute  as  to  what 
they  should  do ;  that  they  had  not  expected  n  find  Pla- 
centia  so  well  fortified,  and  that  the  crews  murmured  loudly 
against  so  ill  concerted  an  expedition. 


'225 


iV 


1 ')(;.'. 


^i 


m 


m' 


I' 


i.!lV, 


I 


J  "I' 


'I 


1 

,1' 


Mi 


I.  )i 


m\ 


'i 


t| 


'    i!f 


221) 


MISTOItV   OK  MOW    KHANt'K. 


I 


If 


/        Hi 


'), 


rulHuU. 


1602.  Inflict  tlioy  Hoon  drew  ofl"  mid  proceeded  to  Imni  tho 

^— ^— ^  liouses  oil  Pnilite  Verte.il  leilj,'tie  ficilll  Folt  St.  TiOllis.  Ah 
Hooii  iiH  d(^  lii'niiilliiii  s;i\v  tlieiii  tui'ii  ill  Unit  (lirectioii,  ho 
suspocted  tlit'iv  dcHij^n,  and  sent  a  conHideraldo  force  to 
disputo  tlieir  landinj,' ;  but  a  heavy  raiu  Htorm  which  ciiino 
up,  retarded  th(^  soldiers  on  tlieir  march,  and  when  they 
reached  Pointe  Verte,  all  the  houses,  or,  to  speak  iiioreac- 
cnratoly,  all  the  cabins  wore  consumed  by  firo.  This  was 
tho  solo  fruit  d(>rived  by  Williams  from  his  expedition.' 
On  his  retreat  h(>  was  very  fortunate  in  not  encountering' 
tho  Chevalier  du  Palais,  and  thus  tho  En^'lish  and  French 
alike  miss(!d  their  ol)joct ;  tho  hittor  in  consivpicnco  of  uii- 
foresoou  accident,  and  perhaps  from  lack  of  precaution,  for 
what  was  tho  f,'ood  of  goiiiL,'  to  shut  himself  up  in  Spaniard 
Bay,  tho  former  for  ju'csuminj^  too  much  on  tho  weakness 
of  the  enemy  whom  they  were  to  attack. 

Both  parties  met  about  the  same  fortune  on  the  coast 
irmir  of  f^f  Aciidia,  and  for  aluiost  the  same  reason.  The  new  Gov- 
Kn>,'iiind     ovnor  of  New  England  chafed  at  Ijoini'  prevented  by  the 

WisllLH    lO  001  -J 

hiive  tiio    iutestine  dissensions  which  disturbed  New  York,  from  at- 

t'luviilicr  »^T        -n  m      1    1- 

lU'  viiic-  tempting  once  more  the  conquest  of  New  France.  To  deliver 
oii.  himself  at  least  from  all  disquiet  in  regard  to  Acadia,  ho  re- 
solved to  carry  ott'  tho  (!iievalier  do  Villel)on  from  his  fort 
on  St.  John's  river,"  where  that  commandor  had  stationed 
himself,  while  awaiting  reinforcements  from  Franco,  to  ou- 
nblo  him  to  establish  himself  at  Port  Eoyal.  Ho  sent  a 
sliip  of  18  guns,  with  two  brigantiuea  there,  tho  three  ves- 
sels carrying  400  men. 

Villobou  was  far  from  having  means  to  resist  so  large  a 
force  ;  yet  ho  would  not  lose  his  post  without  at  least  mak- 
ing a  show  of  defenco  ;  but  ho  did  not  roipiiro  to  go  to 
much  expense  for  this.     He  sent  a  small  detachment  of 


lllC  (iov- 


'  LaHoiitan,  VoynfTc,  i.,  pi>.2t'J-0,  ont  fait,  14-','l   Sept.,  1(J93.     Cannda 

pivcw  his  nccoiint  (if  thiw  ntt'uir,  which  Doc  ,  III.,  iii.,  pp.  14()-1.jM  ;  Ui'latiou 

C'linilfvoix     niiiinly      follows,      llo  du    I'attiuiue  du   5   vuiswiuix.     lb., 

miilifa    the    Kiifflib^li  loss  six  ;     tlie  15;i-l(J0.     Leitrc  dc  M.  ilii  liiouilliiu 

Frciicli  one  wounticd.  CoiiiparcJour-  lli.  lUO. 
nal  du  ^louvcuient  (lue  les  Enueuiiij        '  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  pp.  53^,  514 


->, 


,'    I 


lUSTOUV  OK   NEW   FllANCE. 


227 


Froticli  (111(1   Tiidiiiiiw  down  tin'   river,  in  order  to  obtain      '^"ji. 

t'lirly   iiitelli},'enee  of  tlio  limdin;,'  of  tiie  (;ncuiy  wiiieii  iio  — ^t— -^ 

could  not  prevent.     The   Hnj^disli  pereeiviii-,'  this  dotiich-    uu  f,,ii3_ 

mont,  nnd  Hiipixtsin^'  it  nmcli  j^reator  tliiiu  it  really  wim, 

fe'iirod  to  bo  comptiiled  toen^'.i^'o  in  n  doubtful  couto.st.iuul 

retired.' 

This  fiiiluro  f,'roiitly  eliu^'rined  Sir  (Williiuu)  Pliil)s,  but 

h(*  soon  liftd  his  t-onsolution.     The  English  hiid  reoisntly 

returned  to  Penikuit,  and  restorod  their  fort,  from  which 

th((y  ;,M'eatly  annoytMl  the  Indians  of  that  district.     Tlio 

(Jliovalier  do  Villeiiou   had  reproscnited  to  the  Count  do 

Frontena(!  tiie  neo(!Ssity  of  expelling  them  forovor  from  a 

post  which  exposed  us  to  tho  danger  of  losing  our  best 

allies,  and   which  at  least    thwarted  all  their  ent<'rprises 

against  New  England.     The  CJeneral  felt   tho  iniportanoo 

of  this  project ;  and  thought  that  he  had  found  a  favorable 

opportunity  to  ell'ect  it.' 

DTborviUc!  had  also  left  Franco  with  the  design  find  ex-  _,  . 

"  EiitcrprUo 

press  orders  from  court  to  go  and  attack  Port  Nelson.     He      nu'uliMt 

,  I'cmLult. 

had  I'lubarked  on  the  Envieux,  a  royal  vessel  C(jmniandud 

by  do  Bonaveuture  ;  and  he  was  to  meet,  at  Quebec,  with 
tli(!  Poll,'  another  royal  vessel,  on  which  he  was  to  embark. 
The  Northern  Com[)any  agreed  to  furnish  two  other  ves- 
sels. It  was  his  Majesty's  intention  that  dTberville  should, 
after  capturing  Port  Nelson,  remain  thoro  to  guard  it,  and 
send  back  the  Poll  to  Franco,  in  charge  oft'  his  lieutenant. 
But  tho  Euvioux  siuled  from  hi  llochello  so  lato,  and 
mot  such  contrary  winds,  that  it  anchored  olY  Quebec  only 
on  the  18th  of  October.     This  wa?'  much  too  late  for  any 


'  C'lmri'li,  111  Au:,'ust,  puslicd  on  to 
tlu'  I'mioiiHcot.  anil  iniiy  Imvo  li'd 
liis  party  totlii' St.. rohns.  Cliuivli'. 
liurmn  Wars,  ii.,  pi).  Ht-.').  Mutlui'n 
Mu^-miliii,  irii.  Vll.,  p.  HI  ;  Hutch, 
insoiis  Miissiicliusctts,  ii.,  p.  (i'.l ;  us 
1  liiid  no  ijtlicr  expi'diliou  ol'  tin' 
kiml. 

•  Yorls  wus  ilcstroycd  Ft'l).  5,  llillsJ, 
O.S.  Iiy  I'-ii'iicli  and  Indians.  Matlmr's 
Magiiulia,  ii.,  p.  OIJO-1,  and    Wells 


attack(!d  Juno  10,  O.  S.  lb.,  .W3-8. 
WilliamsoUH  .Maine,  O'iS-lU  Port 
Williiini  Ili'iiry,  at  I'eraa(iuid 
wan  ruljuilt   in   Aiij^. ,  lOO'J.     lb.,  p. 

0:15. 

■'  ••  A  f^rrat  Diitcli  scpiarc  sterned 
nliiji  "  of  .")i)()  tons,  :is  ^--uns  ;  and  a 
tVij,Mti'ot';!l.  tin' tiaj^sUip.  ,\rl.-ion  to 
(ii-ii.  Court  ol'  Mas.saclitisrtfs,  Aug. 
•Vi,  Kilt'.'.  Hutchinson,  Mai-s.,  lllBt. 
i.,  p.  3oS. 


5l 
''•I 

m 

■  I 

i 


i  J 


HW 


i".i 


t^t 


;   1    '(, 


1 ' 


1 

.1!  , 


i' 


Ua 


l!^ 


,  '-i^i  ^u;^ 


' .  f 


!  'li' 


if 


t:  '<•■ 


ill        ' 
■i'l'i        1 


II     • 

\h4 


'U 


J 


,  ■ 


1-^  b 


i 


<i. 


228 
1692. 


Its  fiillure. 


IIISTOHY  OF  NKW   FUANtiE. 

expeditiou  to  Hudson's  Bay  ;  lieuco  it  was  uocessary  to 
tliiuk  of  cmployiuout  elsowliovo  for  an  avinameiit  which  it 
would  have  bocu  a  pity  to  leave  idle.  The  siege  of  Pem- 
kuit  was  pi'()i)osod  to  d'Ibeiville  and  d'(  Bouaveuture,  wlio 
joyfully  accepted  it.  They  iuiuiediately  sailed  for  x\.cadia, 
and  after  a  coui'ereuco  with  the  Chevalier  do  Villcbou,  it 
was  resolved  among  them  that  the  two  royal  vessels  should 
besiege  it  by  sea,  while  the  Chevalier  attacked  it  on  land 
at  the  head  of  the  Indians. 

This  arrangement  adoi)ted,  the  Poll  and  Euvieux  steered 
to  Pemkuit ;  but  the  two  commandants  tiading  an  English 
ship  anchored  under  the  guns  of  the  fort,'  and  having  ne- 
glected the  precaution  of  taking  a  coast  pilot  on  board,  or 
finding  none,  they  deemed  it  imprudent  to  '.;o  into  action 
on  a  coast  which  they  did  not  know.  They  accordingly  had 
to  return  without  doing  anything,  wlucli  greatly  displeased 
the  Indians,  who  had  flocked  there  in  great  numbers,  in  the 
hoi)e  of  being  soon  delivered  from  a  neighbor  who  incom- 
moded them  greatly." 

Men  were  astonished,  that  d'Ibervillo,  never  suspected 
of  a  lack  of  either  zeal  or  bravery,  did  not  make  every 
eli'ort  to  come  with  honor  out  of  on  oxjjedition  on  which 
he  had  seemed  to  oiler  himself  so  cordially,  and  those  en- 
vious of  his  glory  seized  on  this  atl'air ;  but  it  is  very  pro- 
bable that  he  had  reckoned  on  surprising  Pemkuit,  and 
had  not  taken  prcjper  measures  for  carrying  it  by  storm. 
It  was  afterwards  ascertained  that  what  saved  the  fort, 
was  the  information  given  to  the  English  commandant  by 
two  soldiers,  deserters,  of  the  preparations  making  against 
him  at  Quebec,  and  that  the  desertion  of  these  two  reuo- 


'  Maj.  Cluircli  Wii.-i  then  at  I'oiiie- 
qiiid  ri'buildiiif,'  tliu  lort,  iiii.l  nwii- 
tiiiiis  a  iiuin  iif  war  as  Ih  re  at  tlio 
tiiuo,  althoiiKlj  '"■  gi^'i'H  no  luiiu  ■ 
('liiirch's  Imliaii  War,  ii.,  p.  8li.     1I(! 


■^  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix„  p.  5U,  552, 
555.  The  Caiuida  I  )(H'iiiiu'iits  con- 
tain only  one  (locuincnt  of  \'illid)()U, 
i'.ilicTvilli.',  and  di;  UonaVfUtiiro  in 
regard   lo  raiisomini;  'ionii'  womi.'n 


niaki'8  nu  allusion  to  thoaiiin'arancf    and  cliildrcii  lu'ld  as  h<istagcs  by  the 
of  tho  Fronch  vcissels.  English.    Burks  111.,  vol.  i.,  p.  311), 


\ 


I 


■ 


^ 


HISTORY  OF   NEW    FRANCE. 


229 


gailcs  hail  boeu  planned  by  the  Chevalier  Nelson,  still  a      1692. 
prisouor  in  that  cai)ital.'  ^-""v^^ 

Such   was   thou,   at   all   points,  the   condition   of  New  ;^pt„^,g„n. 
Franco.     The   En,t^lish   secnied  littlo   to   be   feared,   and   ''"^'^|'^"' 
asked,  ai)pai'eutl\',  only  to  bo  lot  alone  in  their  settlements     Fnmca 
and  trade.     The  Ii'onuois,  like  tliose  swarms  of  flies  that 
annoy  more  than  they  injure,  incessantly  disquieted  tho 
colony  without  intiictinj,'  any  great  injury  ;  or  at  least  they 
alarineU  it  more  for  the  future  tlian  for  tho  present,  for  it 
was  always  a  diversion  on  whicli  the  English  could  depend, 
when  their  domestic  troubles  enabled  them  to  unite  all 
their  forces  against  us. 

This  situation,  far  different  from  that  in  which  the   col-  ^.^^jp,^.^^ 
onv  had  been  two  years  before,  was  in  a  great  degree  tho  asainstMr. 
result  of  the  vigilance,  activity,  and  hrmness  ot  tho  Count      touac. 
de  Frontenac.     Tho  lofty  manner  in  which  he  had  repressed 
the  superiority  of  the  enemy,  the  olhcacious  means  ho  had 
cuiployed  to  render  his  allies  more  docile,  and  to  re-estab- 
lish tho  honor  of  tho  French  arms,  made  him  feared  by  the 
one,  and  respected  by  the  other.     In  one  word  his  own 
glory  and  the  felicity  of  the  peoples  he  governed  would 
hive  lacked  nothing,  had  ho  combined  the  virtues  of  his 
predecessor  with  these  groat  qualities. 

But  at  the  very  time  that  men  rendered  him  all  tho  jus- 
tice due  to  his  eminent  talents,  and  his  devotion  of  them 
to  give  the  colony  lustre  abroad  and  security  within,  they 
found,  nevertheless,  much  in  his  conduct  to  censure. 
Many  complained  that  through  indulgence  for  the  oihcers, 
of  whoso  esteem  and  attachment  he  was  very  jealous,  he 
let  all  the  burthen  of  the  war  fall  on  tho  colonists,  ruining 
them  by  exactions  of  service,  while  the  soldiers  had  all 
liberty  to  work  for  tho  profit  of  their  captains,  who  de- 


ft 
'  'li  'I 

n  .,1, 

'1 


^; 


ill 


11 


'.'* 


':t 


I 

i 
I 


M. 


'  N.  V.  *'i)l.  D(ir,,  ix.,  \>.  511,  ."),"):>,  'I'lic  two  ili'si'rtiTS  witc  Aruaud  Du 
55,").  I'liipiw  iflmil;  I'l'iuiKiiiul  ii-  Vigiion,  mid  Fnincis  Albi-rt.  Nt'l- 
imiMiaiico  of  instiuction.s.  Ilul<'li  son's  Ictcr,  Aujr.  ;)(),  lUilJ.  Hutch- 
inson, Hist.  Muss.,  ii.,  p  (jy.  Maine  iu.-on.  Histoid  of  Miissac-'.insrtis,  i., 
llist.  Coll,  V.    11  28!i  ;  vi.,  p.   '^83.  p.  ^08. 


'IM 


'ili 


4 


^11^ 


^ '  ^^  t 


i  ,1.  '" 


H 


'i  li 


•i^> 


■i; 


230  HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

1 6^2.  rived  large  reveuues  from  their  gains;  lionco  it  ensued 
that  the  colony  gained  no  strongtli,  and  trade  languislied. 
A  still  more  serious  and  univei.;nl  rumplaint  arose  from 
the  ojien  favor  which  he  continued  to  give  to  the  liquor 
trade,  or  at  least  his  toleration  on  this  point,  as  culpable 
as  favor  even,  in  a  Governor  who  had,  more  than  any 
other,  the  gift  of  inspiring  obedience  when  he  Avished. 
Those  who  looked  more  closely  into  the  disorder  produced 
by  the  wretched  traffic,  and  whom  the  visible  decline  of 
the  towns  of  Christian  converts  kept  in  constant'  alarm, 
were  compelled,  for  fear  of  aggravating  the  evil  by  wishing 
to  remetly  it,  to  mourn  in  secret,  and  they  counted  it  as 
little,  that  their  very  lives  were  often  in  danger  amid  their 
neophytes,  infuriated  by  liquor.  But  all  the  world  did 
not  feel  bound  to  observe  a  similar  reserve,  and  many 
sought  to  bring  to  the  throne  itself,  a  kno^'-'ledge  of  a  dis- 
order, which  the  Sovereign's  power  alone  could  in  future 
arrest.  The  following  is  what  the  Abbe  de  Brisacier  wrote 
on  the  17th  of  September,  169U,  to  the  King's  Confessor  : 

"  It  seems  al)solutely  necessary  that  his  Majesty  be  in- 
formed of  the  brutalities  and  murders  recently  committed 
in  the  streets  of  Quebec,  by  Indian  men  and  women  intox- 
icated with  liquor,  who  in  that  state  gave  way  to  every- 
thing, without  shame  or  fear.  The  Intendant  (]Mr.  de 
Champigny,)  moved  by  these  horrible  excesses,  and  con- 
strained by  his  instructions  to  write  nothing  here  except 
in  concert  with  the  Governor,  states,  that  if  he  is  ordered 
to  lay  the  truth  before  the  Court,  hi'  will  do  so  ;  but  as 
the  evil  presses,  and  the  fact  is  attested  by  several  letters 
of  trustworthy  persons,  extracts  from  which  will  be  given 
you,  this  unrestricted  sale  of  liquors  must  be  again  arrested, 
not  only  to  prevent  oifence  to  God,  by  the  continuation  of 
so  many  crimes,  but  also  to  ret:un  in  our  alliance,  the  In- 
dians, who  leavci  and  abandon  us  at  the  present  press- 
ing crisis  of  the  war.  You  only,  my  very  reverend  Fa- 
ther, are  in  o,  condition  to  spc  u^z ;  the  cause  of  the  Lord, 
and  the  public  weal  of  New  France,  are  in  your  hands : 
your  neul  will  not  be  unrewarded." 


1> 


1 


IIISTOUY  UP  NEW  FRANCE. 


231 


ground. 


It  is  evicloiit  from  what  this  letter'  says,  and  still  moro      nx,?. 
from  what  it  implies,  why  ^Ir.  ile  Frouteuac  had  been  per-   — ^y—- ' 
stiadcd  that  the  Imlians  should  be  mingled  aud  confounded 
with  the  French,  and  the  reasons  why  the  missionaries  op- 
posed it. 

Meanwhile  the  desertion  of  the  two  soldiers  who  had  .Anxipty  of 
caused  the  failure  of  d  Iberville  s  Pemkuit  expedition  gave  ana  its 
the  Governor-General  no  little  anxiety,  especially  as  sev- 
eral Dutch  prisoners  at  Montreal  and  Quebec,  had  escaped 
at  the  same  time  ;  and  all  wore  soon  convinced  that  these 
evasions  were  also  the  result  of  Nelson's  plotting,  and  that 
greater  liberty  than  it  was  expedient  to  give  a  prisoner  of 
his  importance  had  been  allowed  that  gentleman.  There 
was,  too,  every  reason  to  fear  that  he  had  transmitted  to 
Boston,  by  these  same  deserters,  information  which  the 
English  might  use  to  the  prejudice  of  New  France.' 

What  increased  the  Count  de  Frontenac's  embarrassment 
was  the  failure  of  all  his  repeated  instances  to  obtain  re- 
inforcements of  men  and  munitions  from  France  ;  and 
should  the  Governor  of  Njew  England  decide  to  make  an 
effort  to  take  advantage  of  our  weakness,  the  whole  Colony 
was  in  great  danger  of  succumbing.  It  was  conseipiently 
deemed  necessary  to  employ  all  means  to  arrest  the  deser- 
ters before  they  reached  Boston  :  but  all  the  exertions 
used,  were  unavailing.  It  was  even  too  late  to  think  of  it. 
as  there  could  be  little  doubt  of  thefr  having  already 
reached  Pemkuit,  aud  consequently  that  the  evil  dreaded 
had  been  already  done. 


'  Si'i'  tho  Histoire  de  I'Eiui  dc  Vie 
en  CauHdii,  Quebec,  18 10.  Li'ttre  de 
M.  Dollier  il  un  de  ses  iiuiis.  Canu- 
da  Doc,  II.,  vi.,  p.  82. 

'  The  deserters  wore  caught.  N. 
Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  !>.  oOl,  aud  execut- 
ed in  preseucc  of  Nelsou.  'I'he  let- 
ter to  Massachusetts  is  dated  Aug.  v!ii, 
1lil)2.  Willianisou's  Maine,!.,  ]>.  (loT. 
John  Nelson  was  a  neiihew  of  Sir 
\Vm.  Teiu|)li',und  had  lieeu  in  Ann  r- 
ica  from  about  1070.     Having  been 


sent  in  lO;*!  to  put  Col.  Edward 
'I'yng  in  coninumd  of  Port  Uoyal,  was 
captured.  lie  was  finally  sent  to 
France  and  coulined  at  Augouleme, 
and  in  the  Has' ile.  and  rekvised  only 
after  four  years  and  a  half  iui[)rison- 
nient,  when  he  was  allowed  to  go  to 
England  on  parole.  He  did  not  return 
to  his  lamiiy  till  afler  an  ii').-ence  ;f 
ten  oi  I'lrv.ii  yeiir.',  N.Y  t'ol.  I'oc, 
iv..  p,  ni.  n  Hutch'uifou's  Hisf 
jMass.,  i.,  p.  oo7. 


Hi  1. 


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232 


HISTORY  OK  NEW   FUANCB. 


i6q2 


(Ircd 

Irociuois, 


To  crown  the  difticnlties,  tidings  came  in,  that  a  corps 
ot  eight  huudreil  Iroquois  had  been  seen  witliin  throe  days' 
Thf  coionv  ^'^^'"'^  north  of  Albany,  on  their  way  to  attack  us.  It  was 
attiukwi  i)y  subs^'ouontly  ascertained  that  these  savages  had  divid(id  in 
two  i  3arly  equal  bands,  cue  to  descend  by  Lake  Chom- 
plain,  the  other  by  Lake  St.  Francis  ;  their  design  being  to 
nnite  near  Sault  St.  Louis,  intrench  themselves  there,  then, 
by  hollow  negotiations,  allure  a"  many  inhabitants  of  that 
Indian  town  as  possible,  and  butcher  all  who  fell  into 
their  hands. 

It  was  at  first  thought  that  there  was  no  better  plan 
than  to  advance  to  meet  these  two  army  corps  ;  but  this 
required  more  troops  than  it  was  possible  to  seud  against 
them ;  for  it  would  not  have  been  prudent  to  strip  the 
country  of  all  its  forces  in  the  actual  uncertainty  whether, 
while  they  were  marching  upon  the  enemy  by  the  two 
routes  they  were  said  to  have  taken,  the  Irocjuois  might 
not  turn  oil"  and  fall  upon  quarters  where  they  were  not 
expected.  It  was  accordingly  deemed  more  expedient  to 
hold  themselves  on  their  guard  at  all  points. 

On  their  side  the  Indians  of  the  Sault  promised  to  meet 
by  stratagem  the  snare  intended  to  be  laid  for  them,  and 
to  enable  them  to  sustain  a  sudden  assault,  in  case  of  need, 
a  reinforcement  of  soldiers  and  munitions  was  sent  to  the 
Marquis  de  Crisasy,  who  commanded  in  their  town. 
Foris  Chambly  and  Sorel  were  also  placed  in  a  state  to 
defy  insult ;  the  settlers  were  again  forbidden  to  go  too  far 
from  their  hoiises,  and  all  officers  ordered  to  remain  at 
their  posts.  These  precai^tions,  due  mainly  to  the  wisdom 
and  vigilance  of  the  Governor  of  Montreal,  were  crowned 
with  merited  success. 

The  part;^ ,  which  came  by  way  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  ap- 
peared in  sight  of  Sault  St.  Louis ;  but  as  they  learned 
that  the  French  expected  them,  and  were  so  strong  as  to 
entertain  no  fears,  tliey  contented  themselves  with  firing 
several  volleys,  more  like  a  bravado  than  a  serious  attack. 
They  were  answered  in  the  same  style,  and  that  very  eveur 


Precaution 

taken  by 

Mr.  i!q 

CiUlieres. 


I*j     V 


It 


HISTORY   OF   NEW  FRANCE, 

ing  ihoy  retreated.  The  otaer  party  caine  mp  subsequent- 
ly, and  acted  iu  the  same  way,  but  tlireo  hundred  of  them 
remained  on  an  ishiud  in  Lake  Champhxin,  to  see  whether 
our  men  would  not  grow  weary  of  being  under  arms  at 
Sault  St.  Louis,  so  that  they  might  profit  by  some  lucky 
chance.  At  last,  learning  that  wo  M'ere  constantly  well  on 
oiu'  guard,  they  got  tired  of  waiting,  and  took  up  their 
route  for  their  own  country.' 

Then  the  Count  do  Fronton  ac  resolved  to  do  the  Mo- 
hawks all  the  evil  that  they  had  intended  to  do  us :  for  it 
was  this  canton  that  had  mainly  made  up  the  last  party. 
Moreover,  their  pretended  relations  with  the  Indians  of 
Sault  St.  Louis  always  disturbed  the  General,  much  moro 
indeed  than  they  should  have  done.  He  accordingly  dis- 
patched to  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres,  two  hundred  Cana- 
dians, some  Hurous  from  Lorette,  Abenaquis  from  the 
Falls  of  the  Chaudiere,  Algonquins  and  Sokokis  from  the 
neighborhood  of  Three  Ilivors,  with  orders  to  add  a  hun- 
dred moro  Canadians  from  his  own  district,  a  hundred 
soldiers  and  Iroquois  from  the  Sault,  ami  the  Mouutaiu  ; 
to  form  them  all  into  an  amy  cor[)s,  and  to  send  it  forth- 
with against  the  Mohawks." 

These  orders  were  executed  with  extreme  diligence  ;  the 
force  was  composed  of  six  hundred  men."  De  Callieres 
assigned  the  command  to  Lieutenants  do  Mantet,  de 
Courtemanclio  and  de  la  Noue,^  and  on  the  2oth  of  Janu- 


'  Tliis  yenr  1093,  eveu  amid  the 
war,  witui'ssi'd  llio  ustabliahmont  nt 
Montreal  of  a  Ufucral  Hospital  l)y 
Francis  t'haron  of  Blois,  who  formi'd 
a  ccjmmuuity  of  Hospital  Urothcrs, 
Thi'y  obtained  IjetttTS  Pali'Ut  iu 
lUsJl  and  1718.  Edits  ot  Ordonnaii- 
CL'S,  I.,  p.  377,  iiSd.  Charon  went  to 
France  in  1710,  to  ^'et  ausiliarii's, 
and  died  on  his  voyage  hack,  Boon 
aftet  leiiviu};  Hochelle.  This  led  to 
the  S[ieeily  extineliou  of  tlic  work. 
Juchereau,  IIist<iire  de  I'lhitel  I'iiu, 
p.ii5C.  His  earliest  and  most  iaitlitul 
associate  was  Peter  Le  Ber,  brother 


233 

1692. 


Tlie  Iro- 
c|ii(iii>  re- 
tire  witli- 

Ollt  (lllill^ 

auytUiiiK- 


Irruption 
iiit'>  thu 
Moliawk 
Ciuitun. 


of  the  Recluse,  and  the  first  Ca- 
nadian painter.  Faillon,  Vie  de  Mllo, 
le  Bel',  p.  o'J!).  Vie  de  -Mme.  d'You- 
ville,  p.  3:!.  &c.,  ante,  p.  3(17. 

'■'  Narrative  of  Military  Operations 
](il)3-;j.  N.  Y,  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  .m 
Uehitiou,  l(iit3-;!.     Ill, p.  r),'j7. 

'  De  la  Pothcrie  says,  more  than 
liOO,  with  thirty  officers  ;  the  Narra- 
tive of  Military  O|)erations  says  530. 

'  I)c  Miinteht  led  the  van  svith  tlio 
forces  I'rom  Three  liivers  ;  de  Cour- 
temaiiclii'  followed  with  those  of 
Quebi'C.  llelaiion,  &c.,  101)3-3.  N. 
Y.  Col.  Uoc,  ix.,  p.  557. 


1693. 


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1693. 


Success  of 

till.'  expu- 

dltiou. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

ary,  all  ombarkod  at  Moiitroal."  Notliiug  had  boon  no- 
glecterl  to  ousiiro  the  success  of  this  expedition,  and  so 
completely  had  tliey  reckoned  on  the  entire  destruction  of 
the  Mohawk  oantou,  that  they  had  recommendeil  to  the 
commandants  to  give  quarter  to  no  man  able  to  bear  arms, 
to  put  them  all  to  the  point  of  the  sword,  without  retaining 
any  as  prisoners,  and  to  bring  away  the  women  and  chil- 
dr*en  to  people  the  two  Christian  towns  of  their  nation. 

But  more  than  one  experiment  should  have  taught  our 
generals,  that  these  projects  were  not  as  easily  executed 
as  they  imagined.  On  the  IGth  of  February,  the  army  ar- 
rived in  the  Mohawk  canton  undiscovered.  This  canton 
seems  then  to  have  boon  composed  of  only  three  towns, 
each  having  a  fort.  La  None'  attacked  the  first,  and  cap- 
tured it  without  much  resistance  ;  he  burned  the  palisades, 
cabins,  and  all  the  provisions.  Man  tot  and  Courtemaucho 
had  as  easy  a  time  with  the  second,  which  was  only  a 
quarter  of  a  league  from  the  first,  and  as  several  prisoners 
were  taken  in  each  town,  Oourlemanche  was  appointed  to 
guard  thorn.' 

The  third,  and  larger  town,*  cost  them  more.  La  None 
and  Mantet  arrived  there  on  the  night  of  the  18th,  and 
found  them  chanting  the  war  song.  There  wore  forty- 
eight  Mohawks,  who,  unconscious  of  what  was  going  on  in 
their  neighborhood,  were  preparing  to  join  a  party  of  fifty 
Oneidas,  and  then  reinforce  a  body  of  two  huudved 
English,  who  were  i)reparing  to  make  an  irruption  into  the 
colony.  The  French  attacked  them  without  hesitation, 
and  the  Mohawks,  although  surprised,  defended  themselves 
with  great  valor ;  twenty,  with  some  women,  were  killed  at 
the  first  onset,  and  two  Imudred  and  fifty  prisoners  taken.  ■ 


'  They  moved  that  way  from  La 
Frairio.  lb.,  558.  Do  hv  P.,  iii.,  p.  170. 

'  La  Nouc,  liuut.  ru  l(ii)i.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Uoc.ix.  p.  r,:i\),  died  niil.  11).  X.,  lO-W. 

''  De  la  I'otherie,  llistoire  iii.,  p. 
17L  Relation,  &o.,  WJi-'-i.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  oSi.  Narrative  of 
Military  Occur.     lb.,  pp.  550-1. 

'-  Tiououdag:i  (X.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iv. 
p.  10,  Beyard  and  Lodowick,  p.  20,) 


or  Teonontiogen,     (see  ante  vol.  ii., 
p.  1 10,  u.)  near  Fort  Hunter. 

'  lb.,  p.  558  ;  the  Narrative,  &c. 
pp.  550-1,  makes  only  80   (ighiinjj 
men  in  the  three  town-",  of  whom 
the  French  killed  18  or  ^),  ana  took 
the  rest.     i)e  la   I'otlierie  does  not 
btato  losri,  but  says  30   French   In 
Jiaus  fell  in  the  assault,  or  died  of 
intoxication.  Hist  do  I'A,  S,,  iii.  ITl. 


I! 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FliANCK. 


2B5 


1693. 


their  word.     They  wero  the  movo  iucxcusablo,  as  thoy  hail  "■'"tiu'i'r  ""^ 
been  warned  that  thoy  would  bo  purrtuod  ou  tlieir  roturu.  Iw""'^^'''''! 


AS  stated  ah'eady,  the  Govenior  of  ^loutreal,  had,  above 
all,  uri;ed  them  to  j^'ive  (|aartei'  only  t(j  the  women  and 
children,  and  this  tho  Indians  i)roniised,  but  did  not  keep    our  men 

lUiir 

march. 
To  this  first  fault,  they  added  another,  which  was  eoinpoU- 
ing  tho  French  to  intrench,  after  two   days'  march,   to 
await  the  ouomy  who  had  immediately  pursued  thorn. 

The  Iroquois  of  Sault  St.  Louis  especially  wore  respon- 
sible for  this  straugt!  proceedin<;; ;  but  they  had  ahnost  all 
come  from  the  Mohawk  canton;  a  lingering  love  of  coun- 
try, the  hopes  some  gave  out  of  their  settling  among  them 
and  the  impossibility  of  their  subsisting  in  their  own  can- 
ton just  ravaged,  wero  motives  capable  of  inspiring  them 
with  some  compassion  for  persons  who  Avere  so  closely 
connected  with  them.  It  would,  one  would  think,  have 
been  prudent  to  foresee  this,  and  dispense  with  them  in  an 
expedition  against  tlieir  ow  1  brethren.  Bo  that  as  it  may, 
they  wore  soon  punished  for  their  indocility. 

The  army,  although  it  had  scarcely  provisions  enough  to 
reach  Montreal,  waited  two  days  for  the  enemy  :  he  ap- 
peared at  last,  and  also  intrenched.     It  was  the  same  pai-ty 
that  had  assembled  at  Onoida  and  had  not  had  patience 
to  wait  for  tho  English.     Our  men  charged  them  three 
times  with  great  resolution.     They  made   a  vigorous  de- 
fence, and  their  intrenchmeut  was  forced  only  at  the  third 
attack.     Wo  had  eight  Fnueh  and  eight  Indians   killed, 
and  twelve  wounded,  including  do  la  Nouo.     Tho   loss  of 
the  Oneidas  was  scarcely  greater ;  the  rest  escaped  ;  but 
they  soon  ralliid,  and  for  three  days  continued  to  follow 
the  army,  though  without  venturing  to  approach,  as  long 
as  thoy  marched  together.' 

'  Narralivo    nf    Military     Occur-     ed  by  Maj.  Peter  Schuyler,  and  coil' 


rencet*,  N.  V.  ('o\.  Doc,  ix.,  |i.  'I'y'. 
Kelation,  &c.,  mii--',.  lb.,  p.  r,r,'.)- 
yiiO,  saysHevim  French  kilji'd  and  ['t 
wounded.  De  la  I'oihrri'',  iii.,  p. 
173,  says,  eight  killed,  l")  wounded. 
TUi;  party  pursuing  svas  eonuiiiuid- 


sisteil  of  '^'.j  whites,  and  i'M)  Inilians. 
Tlii'V  canio  up  to  the  French,  Feb.- 
17,  Vm,  (.).  S.  Major  Peter  Schuy- 
ler's Report  to  Fletcher.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  iv.,  ]).  17-18.  I?eyard  and 
Lodowick,  Journal   of  tho  late  Ac- 


■  ' 

I-' 

if 


I 


ill. 


I..- 


'Ill 

ill 


236 


Ml 


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I  'i^ 


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>6y.?. 


New 
of  ii^rijiit 

p:Mf,'ii.sii 

expi'iliiiDii 
as^.iiiisl 
C'aiiiulii. 


inSTOHY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

At  last,  tlio  bail  ro.uls  ami  tho  want  of  provisions  liaviiig 
coniiiolled  thuni  to  disband,  a  Icrj^'o  nuuibor  of  prisouom 
oscapod,  and  only  sixty-four  wore  brought  into  Montreal. 
It  was  on  tho  17tli  of  Marcli,  that  tho  fragments  of  this 
victorious  army  roachod  Montreal,  to  announce,  on  tho 
statement  of  some  of  their  prisoners,  that  the  English 
were  to  descend  on  Montreal  in  tho  Spring,  to  tho  number 
of  throe  thousand,  while  a  deet  of  the  same  nation,  also 
carrying  three  thousand  soldiers,  was  to  lay  siege  to  (Quebec. 

This  was  the  third  time  within  two  years,  that  these 
throats  had  been  made  ;  but  to  all  appearance,  this  one 
might  be  carried  out.  D'Iborvillo  had  announced  tho 
same  thing  from  xVcadia  ;  he  added  that  the  two  soldiers, 
who  had  deserted  from  Quebec  the  year  before,  and  who 
had  been  dis});itched  by  the  Governor  of  Now  England  to 
assassinate  the  Baron  do  St.  Castin,  had  just  boon  taken, 
and  that  it  was  known  from  their  depositions  that  tho  Che- 
valier Nelson  had  sent  to  General  Phibs  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  actual  condition  of  the  Capital.' 

This  intelligence  led  do  Frontonac  to  believe  that  ho 
ought  not  to  lose  a  moment  iu  fortifying  that  place,''  as 
well  as  repairing  forts  Cliambly  and  Sorel.  Ho  even  sent 
orders  to  Montreal,  to  throw  up  some  intrenchments  there.' 


Ticns  of  tlic  Frencli  at  f'linndii,  pp. 
lo-'^T.  Ill-  ailinits  tliu  tliri'c  lUtiickH 
ol'  llie  Fivncli.  but  not  the  sutrrss 
of  the  la.-it.  Ill'  gives  liis  own  los«, 
four  whites,  four  Inclinns  killed  ;  1-1 
wounded  ;  and  makes  tlie  Frcnoli 
loss  at  least,  ~7  killed,  3li  wounded. 
He  reju-eseuts  the  Mohawks  as  not 
pursiiini;  vijiorously,  fenriuj,'  that 
the  French  would  kill  the  prisoniTs. 
Ou  the  first  intelligence,  Fletcher 
uasteuodupto  Albany  with  troops. 
N.  Y  Col.  Doc.  iv.,  p.  14;  Ueyard 
and  Lodowick,  pp.  7-8.  Coldeu's 
Hist.  Five  Xatioii.'',  2nd  Kdition,  pp. 
]4i;_7.  follows  f<clniylrr's  re]iort,  Init 
censures  him  for  not  demanding  the 
surrender  of  the  French.  Smith  iu 
Ids  History  of  New   York,  pp.  Hl-i, 


professes  to  follow  Colden  and  Char" 
levoix.  Fletcher,  N.  Y.  Col.  Uoc, 
iv.,  p.  -tl,  makes  the  total  French 
loss  on  the  expedition  80,  and  33 
wounded. 

'  De  la  Potherie,  Histoire  do 
rAnii'riqui!  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  17.5.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  Ix.,  p.  ')'yi. 

'^Tlie  Chevalier  de  Heaucour,  re. 
duced  captain  ano  naval  ensign,  waa 
tlie  engineer  at  Quebec.  De  la  I'otli- 
erie,  [).  H.'i-O.  Relation,  lG9'3-3.  N. 
Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  r,m.  Ante,  p.  '^n. 

■'  A  fort  with  four  bastions,  and  a 
ditch,  was  thrown  up  ou  a  hill  com 
mandingtlie  town.  lb.,  p.  178.  Thii 
Chovali'T  'tit.  J"an  commanded  ut 
Soi^i,  und  Desbergeres  at  Chauibly 
lb.   p.  173 


-UC 


li 


:i   / 


insroiU    Ol-'  NEW  I'iiANOK. 


237 


93- 


On  Ills  Hido,  do  Callii'ves  put  sovoml  parties  in  tho  fioltl,  ^^^ 
to  oud(!avor  to  tako  priHoii(3rs,  so  as  to  acquire  bottor  iu- 
formatiou  of  tho  dosij^ns  of  tlio  Eii<,'lisli.  La  Plaque,  who 
commaudod  quo  of  thoso  parties,  l)roaf^lit  to  him  a  Prouch- 
man,  takoii  at  soa  four  years  bi'foro,  who  coutirniod  all  that 
the  Mohawks  and  d'Ibc.rville  had  said.  Ho  added,  that 
the  various  governors  of  the  English  places,  which  are  be- 
tween Boston  and  Vir<,'iiiia,  had  assembled  in  the  month 
of  March  of  this  year,  to  decid(!  how  many  men  each 
should  faruish,  and  tha  they  were  actually  raising  soldiers 
at  Albany  ;  that  Boston  was  designated  as  the  general 
rendezvous  on  the  twentieth  of  April,  that  tho  force  was  to 
be  ten  thousand  men,  six  thousand  of  whom  wore  to  bo 
lauded  by  the  fleet.' 

Another  point  gave  the  Couni;  do  Frontonac  still  more    pronto- 
anxiety.    There  wore  great  stores  of  furs  at  Michillimacki-  °'t'„rrivs?-' 
nac,  and  the  Indians  did  not  venture  to  bring  them  down      '"'^"'■ 
to  Montreal  without  an  escort,  which  ho  was  not  in  a  posi- 
tion to  send  thoui.     It  was,  nevei;tholess,  highly  important 
to  obtain  these  peltries,  and  still  more  so,  to  communicate 
to  tho  Hieur  de  Louvigny  tho  intelligence  just  received, 
and  instruct  him  how  to  act. in  tho  delicate  emergency. 

At  last  the  general  proposed  to  tho  Sieur  d'Argenteuil, 
a  reduced  lieutenant,  and  brother  of  Mantet,  to  go  up  to 
MichiUimackinac.  Tliat  olUcer  cheerfully  accepted  the 
dangerous  duty,  but  it  was  only  by  groat  promises  that 
Fronteuac  could  induce  eighteen  Canadians  to  accompany 
him.  Mr.  de  la  Valtrio'  had  orders  to  escort  them  boyond 
all  tho  dangerous  points,  witli  twenty  Frenchmen  and 
some  Christian  Iroquois,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to 
pay  both  a  round  sum  daily.     The  instructions  sent  to  de 


I  !)(■  la  Pothi'i-io.  Hist,  de  lAiut'ir  '  Daniel,  (ii.,  p.  '^70,)  supposes  this 

qu(!  hi'pt.,  iii.,  p.  IT!).  offlcer  tti  have  been  tho  one  v,  'lo  was 

-  IVtcr   .I'AiUulioiist.   Sieur   d'Ar-  lieuteiuuit  in  the  Hegiinent  Carignan 

geuteuil,  fourth  son  of  irAIIleboiist  Siilieros,    and    l)ecame    japtain    in 

de   MusHeaus,    lieuteniiut    in    Ki'.tl  ;  UiST,  Imt  as  In*  was  a  Cai.adiun,  and 

captain  in    ITld  ;   IHuii<'l,   i.,  '^'.2  ;  ii.,  nierely  an  enaign,    (New    i'ork   Col- 

p. ',>M:i  ;  sei".ca  nt   MiiliiUinuickinac.  onial   Documents,    ix.,  p.    oii'i.)    ho 

N.  V.  Col.  Doe.,  ix  ,  p.  oUD-liDO  ;  died  was  probably  a   son  of  the  FrencU 

of  apoplexy,  in  i;  II.     lb  ,  |'  n.Vj  ollicer. 


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238 


IIISTOKY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1693.     Louvigny,  (lii'L'ctod  liim  to  ictiiiu  witliin  liis  i-oimuiiml  o.Ay 

«— v-~-'  Fit'uch  fuongh  to  guard  tlin  posts,  and  to  soud  all  tho rost 

down  with  tlio  convoy.     D'Argoutcuil  luivdo  tho  trip  sufo- 

Prnposi-    ly  '  '"'^  '^^  ''^  V;ilti'ir,  on  liis  way  buck,  wiis  attiickcd  lUNir 

pim'i'Vroiii  Montrcul  Isliuul,  liy  an  Inxiuois  party,  wlio  cU'lVatcul  iiini, 

""cUl'c'i."' '  J^ill'i'n  lii"i>  "■"'I  three  other  Frenchmen ;  an  Iroquois  of 

tlio  Mountain  was  tiikon,  all  tho  rest  escaped.' 

Amid  those  hostilities,  appoai'ed  some  gleams  of  peace 
On  till'  Kitli  of  Jvno,  Tareha,  an  Oneida  chief,  arrived  at 
Montreal,  with  St.  Amour,  a  rcisidont  of  that  town,  who 
had  boon  four  years  a  prisoner  among  tiio  Iroquois.  Ho 
proposed  to  tho  Chevalier  de  Callio'cs,  to  exchange  this 
man  for  a  nephew  of  his,  and  prescnbid  him  a  letter  from 
Father  Milet,  who  had  been  all  this  time  a  prisom  r  at 
Oneida.  This  religious  stated,  that  Tarolia  was  very  well 
disposed,  and  that  credit  could  be  given  to  all  he  said. 

Tho  Chevalier  de  Calliercs  at  once  dispatched  him  to 
Quebec,  where  tlie  Governor  General  cheerfully  consented 
to  exchange  his  uophev  'jr  St.  Amour.  Emboldened  l)y 
this  welcome,  Tareha  v .  jsented  to  the  Count  do  Frontcnac 
belts  on  behalf  of  the  chief  cabins  or  families  of  Oneida, 
and  especially  of  his  own,  in  which  he  said  Father  Milet 
had  been  adopted.  Lastly,  to  convince  the  General  com- 
pletely of  tho  upriglituess  of  his  conduct,  he  warned  him 
to  bo  on  his  guard,  especially  at  harvest  time. 

He  nevertheless  assured  him  that  tho  cantons  were  not 
far  from  peace,  that  tlio  families'  which  deputed  him,  had 
long,  earnestly  desired  it ;  that  they  had  deferred  asking 
peace  only  from  fear  of  appearing  before  their  justly  in- 
censed Father  ;  that  ho  had  at  last  risked  his  own  safet}' 
for  the  gener.d  good,  lio[)ing  that  his  frankness  would  be 


'  Niirrativi'    ni'    Militiiry    0]it'ra-  S'l,  Ommaii  was  t;ikfn,     'Phi'  place 

tioiis,    l()i)'^-:i.    N.  Y.  (All.   Doc,  ix,,  was   below   the    Uriile    Uapiil.      A 

;..     5.-);).     Eii>i^'n    la     Valirii'     was  Diitcli  prisoner's  statement,  (Beyanl 

killed   encli'avoriiiic  to   land.   I'e    la  and  liodowick,  .lour,  of  the  late  Ae- 

PuUierie,     ili.,     ]i.      1T(I.     lii'lulimi,  tion,  |).;>lMnakes  the  French  hiss  107. 
lUi)-'-;>.  N.  V.  Col.  Doc.  ix.,  |i.  .Vli.        -  delation  de  la  giiei    >,    1(J1)3-:J. 

IX'  l<elni()nt  frives  t.'ie  dale  as  May  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  S.jS. 
28,    l(i!J3.     llistoire   dii   Canada,    p.         ■' SiiO  uiite  ii.   p  140,  n. 


1 


,t 


IIISTOnr  OF   NKW    FUANCK 


ii39 


Ills  Hafcf^nard,  and  that  ho  saw  ovKii'iitiy  tliil  ho  w.is  not      i^i,,}. 

niistuk(^n  ;  and  tliat  if  he  was  ho  I'ortiiiiato  us  to  rcc,)i'cilu    —  ^— ' 

his  nation  witli  th((  Fri'iich,  his  inlcnlioii  win  to  como  and 

snonil  Iho  rust  of  his  days  witli  his  bivtiiron  at  S;uilt  St.  ''''',''  «■","'■■ 
'      .  "^  iiU  reply., 

Louis. 

Tho  f,'onoral  was  too  familiar  with  pioti'stations  of  tho 
kind,  to  bt)  d("''>ivjd  ;  and  tlio  tiistimony  of  a  missionary 
who  was  not  at  Hlxu'ty,  did  not  soisin  to  hima  sulUc-iont 
])roof  of  tlio  sincerity  of  this  one.  Yet,  h)th  to  dispel  all 
Taroha's  hope,  he  re(>li('d  tiiat  althoni^'h  the  horrible  per- 
fidy of  tiie  Ononda.^as  in  re^'ard  to  tho  Chevalier  d'Eau 
and  tho  other  FriMiehmtai,  who  had  f^onc;  amon<j;  them 
nnder  the  sai'ej^nard  of  tho  hiw  of  uati(jns,  and  to  restoro 
tiiinn  IrcKjnois,  just  returned  from  France  ;  and  the  un- 
licard  of  cruelties,  daily  wreaked  in  all  tho  cantons,  on 
tho  FriMich  ])risoners,  justified  his  retaliating'  on  him,  still 
ho  would  liiiukon  to  a  last  speck  of  alVoclioii  f(jr  his  chil- 
droii,  who  no  longer  deserved  tho  nanio  ;  that  Tarcha  had, 
therefore,  nothing  to  fear  either  for  his  life,  or,  cwn  for 
his  liberty  ;  but  that  if  all  the  cantons  sincorc^ly  desired  to 
outer  into  negotiations  w''h  him,  they  should  hasten  to 
send  him  deputies  ;  that  ho  cousontod  to  wait  iu  patience 
till  the  end  of  September  ;  but  that  term  passed,  he  would 
hearken  only  to  his  just  indignation.  Tareha  promised  to 
.••eturn  at  that  time,  come  what  would,  and  very  joyfully 
started  for  Oneida.' 

A  few  days  after  tho  Count  de  Froutenac  reeoived 
a  letter  from  Father  Binneteau,^  a  nussionary  to  tho  Abo- 
naqnis,  announcing  that  tho  English  fleet  hail  sailed  from 
Boston,  and  the  )iext  day,  8t.  Miclu-l,  captured  tho  year 
bctore   on   the   way  to  Michillimaekiuae,  arrived  at  Quo- 


III 


i 


"I  r 


M 


.'V 


j!'  i 


'  N.  T.  C.  D.  ]>.  r,m.     De  la  Potlic-  LawToncf   iu    l(!i)  1.     IIo   snccci'di'-.d 

ric,  iii.,  IT'J-lSi.     Milct  to  Dtllius,  (ii:iviir  in  tlit^  lllinniH  missiDii,  aud 

July  :!l,  1(1*!.  N   V.  Col.  Doc,   iv,  p.  diid    tlicrc    Dec.   ■J.">,    H'W.     ImuIkt 

•li),    I{c]iiii'l  IVoMi  Oui'vdii.     II).  p,  77.  Miirliu,  iu   CnriiyouH    Pcjc.    lucdits 

•'.ruliiiu      Uiui'tciui    ciiim'     I'roin  xiv.,  p.  117,  Ut'l.  di' lii  Miss,  ihi   Mi- 

Kniiicc  ill    Ki'.tl,   was  in    lliiiiu'.  us  cissijii,  pi>.  I'J.  ^'J,  01;  Iti'lutioii  lOtfO^ 

liorc   siuiL'd,    iu  IG'JJ  ;  ou    the   St.  &c.,  p.  51. 


i.> 


n. 


ii'i 


'  It. 


I 


J. 


ii',   I  y 


il  '> 


mSTOUV   ()!'•   NFAV    FUANCK, 

Itci'.'    TI<«  liiid  cscaiicd  from  ]irisoM,  iiftcr  Ictiniiii^'  lli.'it  Iio 
wiiHCoiiilciaiu.'d  to  tlio  stiikt),  mill  lio  ruixtrttHl  tliat  tlm  Eii^^- 
li^sli  Inul  Wiiilt  ii  fort  with  uiglit  biislious,  in  tho  cliitif  tuwu 
Jit  OiiDiitlii^'ii ;  tliiit  tliis  fort  liiul  tliroo  rows  of  imlisiulort 
nroiiud  it,  mid  Hint  it  wius  tlio  iutciition  of  tiui   IndimiH, 
that  all  wiio  wcro  not  altlo  to    boar  aruin   lu  thoir  oau- 
tou,  Hhould  taiii)  rofii^o  withiu  thu8u  pulisiuloH,  uiidur  tho 
caunon«^of  tho  fort,  iu  case  tho  Frouoh  Hhoukl  bo  toiui)tod 
to  ropoat  thoro,  tiii>ir  operations  in  tiio   Mohawk  canton. 
lIo  added  that  oi;^'iit  iuindrod  Iroquois  wero  on  tiio  point 
of  takiufj;  tlio  Held  to  piovout  our  farmers  from  gotting  iu 
thoir  crops  ;  that  Tarchii,  who  had  ahoady  aunouncod  tJKS, 
might  havo  s[)okon  siiu-eroiy  ouough  on  all  other  points  ; 
but  that  tlu)  Iroipiois  nation  in  geuoral,  had  assuredly  uevor 
boon  less  iuclincil  to  make  poaco  than  tlioy  wcro  at  that 
time,  although  sovoral  Ouoida  I'amilios  soomod  really  very 
weary  ci  tho  war. 
filfiit  iniii-      At  the  very  time  that  St.  Michel  was  making  this  reijort. 
(lUdls  lip-    tho  eight  luindreil  Inxpiois  were  already  at  tho  Cascades, 
Muiitiuiii.  at  the  extremity  .of  Lako  St.  Louis.     Tho  Govoruor-Goiio- 
ral,  ou  the  intelligence  which  ho  receiveil  ou  tho  '21st  of 
July,  dispatclieil  the  Chevalier  do  Vaudreuil  iu  haste  with 
Hvo  companies  of  tho  King's  trooi)H,  and  one  huuilred  and 
fifty  recruits  who  had  just  urrived  from  Franco.     Ou  his 
part,  tlie  Chevalier  do  Callieres  had  assembled  a  force  of 
seven  or  eight  hundred  men,  and  marched  in  pei-son  at  their 
Itead  as  far  as  the  Cascades,  but  neither  ho  nor  do  Vau- 
dreuil found  tho  enemy  any  longer  there  ;  reports  brought 
in,  iu  ijuick  successiou,  haviug  induced  them  to  decamp.' 

The  chiefs  of  this  i)arty  were  first  informed  of  tho  arri- 
val of  throo  ships  from  Franco  with  troops;  uext  they 


•  Ii 


'  III!  -Aas   captured    witu  Ensigns  rois,  wlio  was   tortuivd,  but   Buvcd 

la  FroHnic-t'  and  Ilcrtel,  and  taken  fioni  the  staki'  by  ScliuyltT.     He  re- 

to  Onondaga.     Ante  p. ','!!).     He  was  portiil  the  Fnncli  licit  as  of  tw.'lvu 

madi' a  ruc'uocd  lii'Uleuant   iu   Ki'Jl.  tliips,  bringing  500  recruits,  amiuu- 

Daniel,  ii.,  i>.  2s;j.  nitinn,     caiinim,     and     provisions, 

''  Among  those  taken  at  tliis  time  Fletcher  to  I'hipps,  ;J1  Aufr.    109*1 

was  C'reviur,  Seigneur  of  St.  Frun-  N.  Y.  Col,  Doc,  iv.,  p.  67. 


IIISTolty  (tK  NI'AV  niAN'CK. 


211 


learned  that  the  Oovcnior  of  ■Slotiticil  wns  iimkiuf,'  larval      '^'VJ- 
|ii'i!|)Hruti()UH  to  coiiin  mill  iittiiciv  tlirm,  mxl  tiu'v  alruiuly  ■"■""'""" 
know,  or  Hooii  liMiriKMl,  tliat  tlio  iCii;;lisli  no  lotij^'ta'  tlioii^lit 
of  l)(JHi<'''iiii' (|)iicl)L'(!.  tlt'iuJi),  tliov  worn  iifniiil  of  liiiviii''  to   'I'l"')'  '<•- 
eiicoiiiilur  till)  \vliol()  powci'  of  lli(»  FriMU-li,  ami  .-<aw  that  if  "lU  ii.iimr 
thoy  dill  not  wish  thoir  rotrnat  ciitotl',  tiioy  must  not  clofor 
it  iin  instant.     In  fact  at  t^iiobDi;,  thuy  no  lon^nr  iult  nuy 
ilrrad  of  tho  l"'n)^lish,  and  llio  ci^dd  liuadrcd  Ironiiois  w(;ro 
uut  then  onouj,di  to  alarm  thi;  colop;; 

Till)  int()lliij;(»neo  rocoivod  of  tho  powt'iful  annunnnt  |)ri>-    wimt  he 

i1       I  II     i*  I       1  rilliH-     of 

l)ann.%'  at  IJoston,  was,  msvortholuss,  very  W(!ll  loiindt'd  ;  w,,-  tiiut 
l)\it  thi*  rumor  tiiat  tlicsn  prcjjaralions  wci'o  iMtcndrd  I'or  ,„,.  i 
New  Franco,  had  hv.cn  sprcail  by  tins  Kn^lisli  only  to  hold 
that  colony  in  (diuok,  dojjrivo  the  Count  do  Froutonac  of 
any  idea  of  atttsmptin},'  to  disturb  them  at  home,  and  con- 
ceal mort;  elliictually  their  real  desiyn.'  Tho  three  shijis 
which  had  just  arrived  at  Quebec,  had,  on  their  way,  fallen 
in  with  a  small  vessel  dispatched  to  France  by  tho 
Count  do  Blouac,  Govoruor-Gouoral  of  the  French  West 
Indies,  which  informed  them  that  Marliniipxe  had  l)(;en 
attacked  by  fifty  vessels,  some  from  Old,  and  some  from 
IS'ew  England."  Nor  did  the  thiee  lhou.-.aiul  men  who 
were  to  make  an  irruption  in  tlu!  diiection  of  Montreal, 
make  their  appearaueo.  Thus,  tiie  harvest  was  <;i*li('Vtd 
with  great  trancpiillity,  the  crop  was  ;d)midant,  and  tne  fa- 
mine, which  had  begun  to  l)o  felt  ki;enly,  ceased  at  once. 

To  complete  their  hapi)iness,  the  fourth  of  August  bo-  Arrival  of 
held  the  arrival  at  Montreal  of  two  hundred  canoes  loaded  cuii^ny  „f 
with  peltries,  under  the  direction  of  tho  Sieur  d'Argen-  jioutreai. 
teuil.     This  great  convoy  brought  eighty  thousand  francs 
worth  of  beaver,  and  the  piincipal  chiefs  of  the  Nations  of 


.1  1 


I 


" 


!i 

M 

f 

•I 

1 ' 

•r' 

,i 

M 

Vi 


'  Uuliition,    &.C.,    ID'.yi-ii.    N.     Y.  tiircivl   by   Nuw   EnglauJ,   conqiiur 

Col.  Ddc,  ix.  PI).  "ifJIJ-S  ;  Do  lii    I'o-  Aciidiu  imd  ('iiiiiulii.     Ul.iythwuit  to 

thc'-ii',  ii..  i)|i.  li'J-lSt,  iMiiihcr,     Fi-M.  'iO,  til'j;!.  in  llutchin- 

'  Tliis     fli'ft.    under    Sir    Fnincis  hou's  Hist.  .Mass.,  ii.,  p.   TO.    n.     tii.'U 

\Vlii'cliT,  \vii5<  111  reduce  MiiriiMii|ue  N.  V.  (.'ill.  !>(!(■.,  iv.,  p.  oU,  05.    As  lo 

cluijug  llio  wiiJtor,  and  tliuu,  ruin.-  its  luie,  see  posl  p.  "JW. 


■:!P: 


lifll 


iii 


m 


ii 


li  >  j?i 


^j 


2 12 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


np. 


t* 


m 


I ' 


IN    t  "■ 


1,1  '<: 


1693.     the  North  and  West,  camo  in  person.     As   soon   as   do 
^— "> — —  Frontonac  hoard  of  it,  ho  procoodod  to  ^NEontreal,  whero  lie 
arrived  escorted  by  thos(^  V(>ry  chiefs,  wlio  had  f^ono  to 
Threo  liivers  to  meet  him.     'i'lie  next  day,  ho  lield  a  great 
Conucil,  at  which  all  i)assed  to  the  general  satisfaction. 
Tho  Huron  orator  s^joko  at  length,  making  a  long  recital 
of  all  tlio  ex])oditions  sent  out  by  his  nation   against  tho 
Iroquois.     Tho  others  merely  said  that  they  had  como  to 
hear  iheir  Father's  voice,  to  receive  his  orders,  and  beg 
him  to  givo  tliom  tho  goods  they  needed  at  a  mo(h)rato 
price.' 
Do  Fionto-      No  one  camo  to  rei)r(>sent  tho  Miamis.  and  the  Govcr- 
\n)U  iiio   nor-Gen(!ral  was  oven  informed,  that  they  had  rcooivod 
from   trad-  presoiits  from  the  English,  througii  tho  Mohogans,  (Alahiu- 
KiigUsii.     gans,)  and  that  they  had  permitted  them  to  come  and  trade 
in  St.  Joseph's  lliver.     It  was   dangerous   in  its   conse- 
quences to  sulVir  this  door  to  bo  opened  to  English  trade. 
Accordingly,  the  Count  do  Froutenac  adopted  all  tho  m(>a- 
surcs  that  his  extended  exporionce  could  suggest  in  order 
to  baflle  this  negotiation. 

Nor  did  he  spare  any  ett'ort  to  rivet  this  attachment  of 
the  various  nations,  whoso  deputies  were  at  Montreal. 
This  was  his  great  talent.  All  the  Indians  set  out,  eharmod 
with  his  manners,  and  loaded  with  ])resents.  He  had 
them  closely  followed  by  a  considerable  nund)er  of  Fren<'h 
under  tho  Chevalier  do  Tonti,  still  commandant  in  the  Il- 
linois, and  whom  private  afl'aiis  had  compelled  to  como 
down  to  Quehiic.  Do  Courtemauche"  and  do  Mantet  also 
went,  as  did  Nicholas  Perrot,  whom  tho  General  instructed 
to  prevcmt  the  Miamis,  either  by  persuasion  or  force, 
from  trading  with  the  English  ;  d'Argenteuil,  who  was 
appointed  delouvigny's  lieutenant,  and  Mr.  le  Hueur,  who 
was  sent  to  form  an  establishment  at  Ciiagouamigon,  and 
renew  the  alliance  with  the  Chi])])eways  and  Hioux." 

These  arrangements  made,  Frontenac  was  preparing  to 


1  Ueliition,    1(1!)3-;!.    N.    Y.    I'ol.        '  Anti',  p.  19',>.  Onnicl,  NosOIoine, 
Doc.  ix.  p.  5il0-r)0',).     Do  la  Potlierie,     i.,  p.  t(l:i. 
iii.,  p.  lT'J-180.  ^  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ix.  p.  SOS). 


V; 

i    ' 

i 

1 1. 

.  ■  1' 

1    I 

IlISTOUY    OK    MOW    FliANrK. 


243 


loavo  Montreal,  wlieu  an  (jxprcss  from   tlio  Sieur  Provot,      i^")3 
Kii\;,''s  lioutouaut  at  tjuebcc,  bronj^'lit  him  iutciUigeiico  from  ^■''^'' 
Hudson's  Bay,  ami  Acadia,  annoimcinf^  that  Fort  St.  Anno  tiw  f.h:^ 
at  tho  hoad  of    Hudson's  Bay,  had  boon  takon  i\y  the  En-    ']?„',.,  iit' 
^'lisli,  oarly  in  July.     Tiu'co  ships  of  tiiat  nation  had  win-    j\'',|i^';,„''^ 
torod  so\  euty  k'agnos  from  that  fort,  which  thoy  approached       ^"y- 
us  soon  as  navigation  oi)onod.' 

Thoy  rcelvoned  on  tinding  a  weak  g.irrison,  but  coukl 
uovor  liave  imagined  that  it  C(jntained  oidy  four  men,  ono 
of  them  in  irons.  This  wretch,  in  a  })aroxysm  of  frenzy,  had 
killed  tho  surgeon  of  tho  fort  :  rt'covering  his  sanity,  and 
niueh  troubled  at  what  ho  had  done,  he  feared  that  tho  Jo- 
suit,  Father  Dalmas,  who  had  been  tho  solo  witness, 
would  disclose  it,  and  fear  of  being  imnislied  for  an  invol- 
untary crime,  led  him  to  commit  ono  which  rendered  him 
guilty  indeed.  Ho  killed  tho  missionary,  and  wouhl  liavo 
carried  his  fury  further,  had  they  uot  socui-od  him  by  put- 
ting him  in  chains.' 

The  English  landed  forty  men  to  atta'ck  tho  fort.  Tho  cM-.mi 
three  Fieuclunen  at  first  killed  two,  and  drove  tho  rest  olV,  'ii,',Vo 
but  th(!  latter,  learning  from  somo  Indians  tho  condition 
of  th'3  i)lace,  and  tho  number  of  those  defending  it,  were 
ashamed  to  have  recoiled  before  thi'oo  men  ;  still  thoy  did 
them  tho  honor  of  sending  a  hundred  against  them.  Our 
bravo  fellows  saw  how  useless  their  ell'orts  would  bo 
against  so  large  a  force ,  but  they  would  not  surrender. 
They  loft  their  prisoner  in  the  fort  wivh  forty  or  lifly  tiiou- 
sands  of  i)eltries,  embarki'd  nnperceived,  in  a  canoe,  and 
were  so  fortunate  as  to  ri-ach  (.^neljcc,  where  they  found 
de  Fro'iLeuac  deeply  chagrined  that  the  tardiness  of  tiio 
vessels  from  France,  had  again  entiuled  tho  failure  of  tho 
projected  expedition  against  Fort  Nelson.' 


1  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.ix.,  1).  570.  ^  VIiucsi,  l.ctlns     Kililiiuit.'s    ft 

-'  Uuill.iiv.     lb.  I..  551.  Curii'iisrs,  vol.  x.,  (1  rf.'.ri'niv.'ls  of 

•'  FiitluT   Antliony    Oaliiuis  cuiin"  Lciirni'd  Mi^^sioluu•il  s,  (tTt  I,)  p. 'J.!!!. 

(Voin  iMancc  in  KiTO.     S.'iit  to  .Moii-  !).■  lii  t'otlirnr,  iii.,  p.  ISj  :  N.  V.  Col. 

iii'Miiiisiu  liHi'J.     PciuMratrdIo  lliul  Poi'..  ix.,  ]i,i.  ."ir)!,  .")lii,  ."irO. 

.,o',Vs    I'.av     l.y      SiiKUcmiy.     Killv.l  '  Marr.M  sivs  tliiil  nl' liv.' \vl,<,  r^.fc 

March  li," lUU;i.  ""'  - 1'"™  '''•■'^'  "'"  ^^"'  " ">'• 


iIj 


ii 


n 


;l 


IM 


W : : 
:HP„ 


■'!? 


,'U 


% 


e; 


■)i 

■Ii 
l;l| 


u 


M 


I, 


.  *  i  i. 


244 


I. 

1 

,:  i 
f    I 


«    -I 


:^^ 


)  r: 


•1^ 


.'i. 


1693. 


The  Eng- 
lish com- 
pelled  to 
retire  in 
disorder 
from 
befiire 
Martinique 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  KHANCE. 

The  news  from  Aciulia  was  more  coi>-  iliug.  It  notifiod 
the  geueral,  that  lifteeu  men  of  war  of  tlie  fleet  that  hatl 
attacked  Martiuique,  had  arrived  at  Boston ;  that  they 
seemed  iu  very  bad  trim ;  having  sufi'ered  terribly  from 
the  pLigue,  and  that  they  wore  subjected  to  quarantine ; 
that  the  Englisli  had,  according  to  the  rumors,  lost  sis. 
,  thousand  men  iu  this  unlucky  expedition,  besides  a  great 
number  of  deserters,  and  that  two  of  their  largest  ships 
had  been  sunk  by  the  guns  of  Count  do  Blenac  who  ac- 
quired great  glory  indeed,  on  this  occasion.' 

The  Chevalier  do  Villebou,  who  sent  this  information  to 
the  Count  do  Frouteuac,  added,  that  General  Pkibs  had 
said  that  if  his  fleet  had  not  come  back  so  shattered,  he 
would  .yet  have  had  time  to  take  Quebec ;  and  that  after 
the  crews  were  rested  a  little,  he  would  send  several  vessels 
to  cruise  ofl'  the  mouth  of  the  Saint  Lawrence  ;  the  two 
Frenchmen  wh.o  escaped  from  Boston  prisons,  had  as- 
sured him  that  the  same  general  was  preparing  to  como 
and  attack  hiiu  in  his  fort  of  St.  John's  river,  at  the  head 
of  eight  inxndred  men  ;  but  that  he  did  not  fear  him.  It 
was,  however,  fortunate  that  this  news  proved  false,  or  that 
Phibs  had  changed  his  mind,  for  he  was  iu  no  position  to 
make  a  defence." 

Towards  the  cud  of  September,  Tareha  returned  to  Que- 
bec, agreeably  to  the  j)romise  he  had  given,  and  he  brought 
an  Oneida  woman,  impelled  to  make  the  journey,  from 
the  mere  desire  of  beholding  the  Count  de  Frouteuac,  of 
whom  she  had  heard  such  groat  things.  It  was  not  quite 
the  Queen  of  Sheba,  but  the  Iroquois  woman  was  animat- 


'  Relation,  &c.,  l(103-;i.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doe.  ix.,  ]).  571.  The  expedi- 
tion was  eoninianded  by  Sir  Franeis 
Wheeler  :  lie  landed  :l(IOi)  men,  who 
were  rejHilsed  by  Caiil.  Collet  and 
Count  di>  Hlenae.andal'tcrlesinu-  five 
or  six  killed,  and  lilM)  |)ri!^:iner.s, 
with  arinH,  umunition,  and  baguajre, 
ghumefidly  retreated,  and  re-ein- 
l)arke<l.  Jetterys'  Freiicli  I'oniin 
ions,  II.,  \t.  14y.     De  la  rotheiie,  ill 


p.  188,  makes  their  loss  .SOO  men, 
and  two  shiiw.  Wlieuler  reached 
Boston,  June  11.0.  S.,  having' buried 
l:!(IO  out  of  -^MOU  sailors,  and  1800 
out  of  "J^lOO  soldiers  The  distenipei 
spread  in  Hoston.  Uulchiiison,  Hist 
Mass.,  ii.,  p.  71. 

*I)e  hi  Potherie,  Ilistoire  de 
rAini'rii|ue  Sept.,  iii.,  ]>.  188.  R»- 
latioii,  &c.,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p. 
571. 


UlSTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


215 


1693. 


ed  by  the  same  motive  as  tliat  princess  ;  aud  the  Fronch 
geuoral  was  so  flattered,  tliat  he  seemed  to  regard  this  wo- 
man as  something  more  than  an  Indian  squaw.  She  had 
indeed  rendered  great  services  to  the  French  prisoners  in 
her  canton,  and  it  was  to  her  that  Father  Milet  owed  his 
life.  Tlius  tlio  Count  do  Frontenac  had  more  than  one 
reason  for  giving  her  a  cordial  welcome."  She  merited 
even  something  more,  aud  God  gave  her  charity,  the  same  . 
r(!W:ird  that  Cornelius  the  centurion  obtained  of  old. 
Like  him,  he  enlightened  her  with  the  light  of  the  Gospel. 
She  was  baptized  under  the  name  of  Susanna/  and  I  saw 
her  in  1708,  at  Sault  St.  Louis,  where  she  died  in  a  happy 
old  age,  after  long  edifying  that  town  by  the  constant 
practice  of  all  Christian  virtues. 

It  was  doubtless  on  her  account,  also,  that  the  Count  de  T^eha's 
Frontenac  received  Tareha  quite  well,  although  he  was  ex-  proposUioa 
tremely  shocked  at  the  propositions  submitted  by  that  In- 
dian. Aft'}r  rather  lame  excuses  for  his  canton's  not  send- 
ing deputies  to  the  general,  to  treat  of  peace,  throwing  the 
blame  on  the  English,  who  had,  he  said,  prevented  the 
Oneidas  from  following  the  wishes  of  their  hearts,  ho  had 
the  hardihood  to  ask  the  Count  de  Frontenac  to  send  an 
ambassador  of  his  own  to  Albany,  (Orange,)  where  these 
same  EagHsh  absolutely  insisted  on  this  great  ali'air  being 
negotiated. 

The  indignation  excited  in  the  Governor's  heart  at  such     Fronte- 


conduct  may  bo  conceived  ;  he  beheld  hinvsolf  mocked  by 
a  nation,  by  whom  he  always  flattered  himself  he  was  es- 
teemed and  fearcid.  Yet  ho  did  not  display  it  comi)letely ; 
ho  even  seemed  couviuced  that  Tareha  privately  thought 
much  better  than  he  spoke  iu  the  name  of  those  who  dele- 
gated him  ;  he  gave  him  presents,  and  dismissed  him,  say- 
ing that  he  would  take  in  good  part,  the  excuses  of  the 
Oneidas  ;  but  that  ho  would  not  delay  in  making  the  can- 


u,  '.'a  reply. 


'  De  la  Potlicrie,  iii.,  p.  19.  already  Christians,  ami  luiioug  them 

•'Milci's  narrative  does  nut   iud'  he  names  rspceially,  Sunanna  (Jnu- 

O'lte  precisely   rhis  wcnian.     Those  cntHjrrandi,    au    Agoyaiuler    in  the 

w'lo  prowctcU  iiiiu,  he  speaks  of,  as  tribe,  liekitiou,  pp.  uO,  31. 


i( 


1 

I.  ,i 


m 


'.■■  :'!l 


m 


a 


I 

•  V.'l 

i't.i 


SH 


•I 
■  ■  I- 

A 

m 

■ «,  i 


m 


\ 


If' 


• 


.'! 


I  1.     , 


■  I 


24(5 


IIISTOIU'    01'^  NEW  FHANCJO 


i 


M  ^>    \t    ! 


I   ,  i  ■  * 


It 


'1';i  •*:' 

^-^l' 


i  :'i. 


1693. 


Why  lio 
dt'liiycd  to 
pusii  tlio 
L'uquois. 


Zciil   and 

Bfi'vicos  of 

tlirou 

Iiidhiiiij. 


tons  repent  their  ^ot  profitinj;  by  the  favorable  disposition 
towards  them,  wlien  he  arrived  from  France,  as  well  as 
their  adding  insolence  to  perfidy. 

Yet  Tareha  understood  that  this  threat  was  only  con- 
ditional, nor  was  it  so  much  the  general's  conduct  to  him, 
that  induced  him  to  think  so,  as  some  mitigated  expres- 
sions which  he  had  intermingled  with  his  threats.  Yet 
there  was  some  ground  for  believing  that  these  menaces 
would  not  bo  without  result,  because  the  Illinois  and  Mi- 
amia,  encouraged  by  the  Chevalier  de  Tonti,  and  the 
Sieur  do  la  Foret,  were  then  making  fierce  war  on  the  Iro- 
quois, and  had  already  within  two  or  three  years  killed 
more  tlian  four  liundred  of  their  men.' 

But  what  pi-incipally  induced  the  Governor-General  not 
to  break  ofi"  all  negotiations  witli  these  Indians,  is  that  he 
maintained  secret  correspondents  among  them,  by  whom 
it  would  be  very  easy  to  see  what  would  be  the  result, 
before  taking  a  final  step.  His  faithful  Oureouhare, 
who  had  recently  retired  among  the  Christian  Iroquois 
of  the  Mountain,  made  fi'equent  excursions  to  his  can- 
ton, ajid  omitted  nothing,  that  ho  deemed  most  advis- 
able to  inclme  them  to  the  French  interest.  Moreover, 
Garakonthie  was  still  alive,  and  although  a  fervent  Chris- 
tian, ho  had  remained  at  Onondaga,  where  his  presence 
was  deemed  necessary  to  seize  the  ojjportunities  which 
might  offer  of  restoring  a  good  understanding  between  us 
and  his  countrymen.  This  venerable  old  man,  deprived  of 
all  spiritixal  succour  amid  that  Babylon,  never  allowed  his 
piety  or  zeal  to  relax,  and  by  the  care  which  he  took  to 
maintain  his  credit,  like  another  Daniel,  he  more  than  once 
found  moans  to  thwart  the  intrigues  of  tlio  English,  who, 
but  for  this,  would  have  frequently  reduced  us  to  mortify- 
ing extremities. 


n 


'  (  s 


lKchiti(m,&c.,  1()!l-2-:!.     N.Y.  Cnl.  Col.  nor,  iv.,  p.  50.     FlctclnT  with 

DoL'.,  ix.,  p.  ■'i'i'2.     \)r  111  I'otlnrii',  (111  Scluivlcr  convi-ni'd  tlic  Suilu'ins  01 

I'AiiKMiiiHf  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  I'.IO-l.     On  tlio  Ii'oi|Uois  nt  Alliany,  ','  Feb.  llillt 

tlic  ri'liini  of  'I'iiri'liri,   Dirck    Wes  Sec  l'ropo«itioiis  nt   Iciilt'Ii.     H)     p 

wis  WHS  Hfiit  to  Oiioiuluga.     N.  Y.  )5o. 


;i 


5Vf 


niSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRAX('R. 


217 


:H 


;ird    uri. 


I  liavo  boon  muiblo  to  ascertain  wlietbov  Toganissoruus  "'").v^ 
was  tbou  a  Cbristiau,  for  it  is  certain  tliat  be  oocauie  one,  ' 
and  died  at  Sault  St.  Louis.  At  tbe  time  now  spoken  of, 
bo  was  still  at  Onondaga,  wliero  be  perfectly  seconded  tbo 
good  tlesigns  of  Garakontbie,  aud  it  may  be  affirmed,  tbat 
New  Franco  was  in  part  indebted  to  tbe  services  of  tbeso 
tbrec  Indians,  for  not  liaving  its  fields  and  dwelUngs  cou- 
tinnaby  overrun  by  bostile  parties. 

Witii  tins  exception,  -tbo  cantons  continued  to  follow  for  Conjima  « 
some  years,  the  plan  of  conduct  from  wbicb  they  bad  not  ^^^^i^ 
swerved  -inco  tbe  beginning  of  tbo  war,  and  wbicb  con- 
sisted in  negotiating  from  time  to  time,  witbout  ever  com- 
ing to  a  conclusion,  and  in  incessantly  barassing  us  ;  but 
in"stopping  wlien  tbey  were  in  a  position  to  do  us  most 
injury.  Tbo  Englisb,  on  tbeir  side,  never  co<\sed  telling 
tbeni  tbat  tbey  would  sooner  or  later  destroy  tbe  French 
colony,  and  it  was  mainly  to  keep  up  this  idea  in  their 
minds,  that  the  English  every  year  spread  the  rumor 
of  a  great  expedition  to  besiege  Quebec' 

If  they  perceived  tbat  auy  of  those  sincerely  attached 
to  us  in  tbo  cantons,  were  active  in  urging  the  nation 
to  make  peace,  tbey  left  nothing  undone  to  till  the  n>st 
of  tbe  canton  with  distrust  of  these  chiefs,  or  else  of- 
fered tbeir  mediation,  which  tbey  knew  wo  would  not 
accept,  and  thus  to  induce  the  masses  to  believe  that 
we  were  not  acting  in  good  faith.  They  then  induced 
some  chief  of  repute  to  raise  a  war  party,  which  cured 
tbe  most  pacific  of  all  desire  of  arrangement. 

The  reason  why  we  would  not  listen  to  tbo  idea  of 
receiving  them  as  arbiters,  is  that  they  always  wished 
to  dictate  the  terms,  ai  they  easily  made  our  refusals? 
pass  for  a  proof  that  we  sought  only  to  deceive.  Thuf^ 
assured  of  the  majority  of  the  leading  chiefs,  they  cared 
very  bttle  for  the  advances  occasionally  made  by  our 
most  zealous  partisans  to  the  French  general,  aud  they 


>  Engiy.  ixcoounts  wlmit  that  the     th..^  war.     N.  V.  Colouial   Doc,  iv.. 
Indians  wavi'red  and  were  weary  of    p.  58. 


1 4 


r: 


':1N 

■ir,i 

x>\ 


!•«  'I 
if 


fi* 


I' 


I' 

d      I 


■I 


,  h-i 


p' 


;     i|,<  , 


f    Ir^ 


'^      I'M 


,'f 


P     '. 


\  ■ 

1 

;       ;.'»■' 

I,- 1 


IIIf.rORY  OF  NEW  FUANrB. 

even  doriveil  this  adviuitago,  that  ou  the  faihirc  of  tlioso 
aclvuuccs,  thoHO  wlio  luado  thcuu  somotiiut'S  fell  umlor 
our  Huspicious.  Thoy  had,  in  tino,  fonud  the  secret  ot 
inspiring  tho  entire  nation  with  tlio  desire  of  drawing 
the  whole  fur  trade  to  them,  by  showing  the  cantons 
tho  great  profit  that  would  redound  to  tlieniselves. 
Hence  arose  all  the  intrigues  of  them  both,  to  seduce 
our  allies,  some  of  whom  always  let  themselves  be 
gained,  or  surprised. 

I  liave  uovcrtheless  observed,  and  this  must  not  bo 
lost  sight  of,  to  understand  the  whole  thread  of  the  Iro- 
quois manieuvres,  so  ai)parently  variant  with  each  otlier, 
that  these  Indians  would  not  calmly  have  beheld  the 
English  solo  masters  of  all  Canada.  Thej-  were  not  ig- 
norant how  much  they  should  have  to  fear  at  the  hands 
of  the  English,  had  the  latter  no  rivals,  and  at  bottom 
they  asi3ired  only  to  hold  the  scale  evenly  balanced  be- 
tween the  two  nations,  whose  mutual  jealousy  made  the 
Iroquois  sought  by  both  and  ensured  their  safety. 

The  English  themselves  were  very  fortunate  to  have 
such  a  barrier  to  present  to  us  ;  for  they  coiild  not  en- 
sure the  tranquillity  of  their  colonies,  powerful  as  they 
were,  except  by  keeping  us  enqjloyed  on  that  side, 
while  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood  of  Acadia,  close- 
ly allied  to  us  by  the  bond  of  religion,  incessantly  dis- 
turbed the  repose  of  New  England,  and  the  domestic  dis- 
sensions of  New  York  exposed  that  province  to  the  dan- 
ger of  i^assing  under  the  French  domination. 

This  policy  of  two  nations,  too  proud  to  esteem  each 
other,  and  too  restless  to  remain  on  a  good  understanding 
longer  than  their  interest  demanded,  had  ceased  to  be  a 
mystery  for  those  who  had  any  share  in  the  atlairs  of  New 
France.  Frontenac  knew  this  better  than  any  other,  and 
if  on  the  one  side,  it  obliged  him  to  be  ever  on  his  guard, 
it  reassured  him  on  the  other,  and  iuduci.'d  hin;.  to  listen  to 
the  Iroquois,  whenever  they  sent  him  de])utie8,  witli  whoi.i 
he  could  treat,  without  exposing  the  dignity  of  his  charac- 
ter,    ilureover,  by  tliis  iiieaus,  lie  always  recovered  some 


>!• 


M) 


HISTORY   OF   NEW  FRANCE. 


249 


prisouers,  and  generally  r;aiuod  a  few  months'  peace,  of      •6i>3. 

which   lio  availed  himself  to  givo  the  colonists  time  to  ~"    "      ' 

Ijrcathe,  sow  their  lauds,  and  reap  their  harvest;!.     Fin- 

allv  the  Iroquois  deimties  rarely    left  him  without  cou-  '•"»■  P^""- 

ceiviug  esteem,  and  oveu  feeling  attached  to  him  person-  Ucd  by  it. 

ally. 

Thus,  at  the  commoncement  of  the  year  IfiOl,  two  On-      1694. 
ouda'^as,'   having  come  to  Montreal  to  ask  de   Callieres 
whetlier   the   Deputies   of    the   Five   Nations  who  were,  >[u»\h  atriUn 

.       ,     . ..  make  slidw 

they  added,  already  on  the  way,  would  bo  well  received  11  of  mukiiij,' 
they  came  to  ask  their  father  Ouonthio  to  grant  them 
peace,  that  governor,  informed  of  his  general's  intentions, 
replied,  that  they  would  be  heard,  when  they  came,  but 
that  ho  doubted  whether  they  would  come.  They  retired 
with  this  reply,  and  then  nearly  two  months  elapsed  with- 
out anything  more  being  heard  of  it.  De  Callieres  was 
not  at  all  surprised,  yet  not  to  be  wanting  in  anything 
that  depended  on  him,  he  deemed  it  pro[ier  to  send  out 
some  i)arties  hi  the  direction  of  New  York,  in  order  to  ,seo 
whetlier  by  means  of  prisoners  that  they  might  take  from 
the  Iroquois,  he  could  not  discover  the  real  object  of 
their  sending  the  Hrst  deputies,  or  the  doluy  of  the  sec- 
ond.' 

On  the  23rd  of  March,  two  Mohawks  came  to  ^Montreal, 
bringing  the  excuses  of  Teganissoreus,  who  should  have  TlioFmiPh 
beeu  the  head  of  the  deputation.  They  said,  that  if  the 
cantons  had  failed  to  keep  their  word,  it  must  be  asiiibed 
to  che  English.'  They  were  ill  received,  the  more  espe- 
cially, as  Indians  from  Acadia  had  warned  de  Frontenac  to 


lllr-lnist 
tiK-lll. 


'  Torskim,  luphew  of  CJranilo 
Oiu'uk',  iiiiil  a  son  of  (iarioyo,  an 
Iroquois  of  isault  Ht.  Louis.  Do  la 
Pother  e,  iii.,  p.  lilS-t). 

'  La  Motte  (.'atliUac.  Roliition, 
&c.,  101)4.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  is.,  p, 
578. 

■"  Tlicy  ljrouij;lit  tUret"  l)(.lts,  witli 
an ''xiilaiiiitory  document  in  I'n'iu'li, 
giving  Ilium   aa   lliu  ducisiou  of  a 


tonfci'cnco  of  tliu  Five  Niitious,  lirld 
in  Alljany,  Fob.  9,  l(iSi4.  This  is 
given  in  Ui;  la  I'othcric.  iii.,  p.  300. 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix  I).  578.  Colden's 
Five  Nationg,  p.  llici.  They  were  ad- 
dri'ssud  to  the  Karigouistes,  or  In- 
diiins  of  the'  S«uU,  who  answi'ivd 
tlirni  hiUiiiluily.cimiiikiiinnLrof  tlicir 
not  scudiiig  (It  putit'B  Iriiiu  all  tho 
cantons.     11)., 


i 


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250 


HISTORY   t)F   NEW   FRANCE. 


1  ,   1. 

.1  I     IK 

■    1  > 


■II 


I 


'  «  .-I 


•i  ^   ; 


^H 


iH 


■H  •]'■■■ 


ft- 


1694,  liowarc!  of  tlic  Iroquois,  who  niPi'jly  wished  to  giiiu  tinio, 
^— >— — '  ami  throw  liiui  oil'  his  j^nanl ;  thiit  it  was  ovoii  tlicir  tlcsigu 
to  stal)  him  iiiid  tlic  Chovahcr  ilo  Callioros  at  a  council, 
whoro  thuy  woukl  l)o  in  larj^'c!  nun.bers  ;  to  have  numcu'ous 
parties  in  the  vicinity  of  Montreal,  roaJy  to  pounce  upon 
the  astonished  colony,  deprived  of  its  commanders ;  to 
carry  tiro  and  desolation  everywhoro,  and  then  introduce 
the  En}j;lish  into  the  country. 
Iro'iiii  is  There  was  doubtless  oxaf^fj;;u'ation  in  this  ;  but  prudencQ 
^S«cLwc.  required  him  to  be  on  lis  guard,  and  the  Irocjuois  I'aihiro 
to  keep  tlicir  word,  excited  rellection.  However,  in  the 
month  of  May,  TeganissoreiLS  arrived  at  Quebec,  with 
eight  deputies.  It  was  the  sowing  season,  aud  this  cir- 
cumstance made  the  Governor-General  refrain  from  show- 
ing how  little  importance  he  ascribed  to  this  embassy. 
He  gave  the  ambassadors  public  audience'  with  much 
pomp,  aud  never  did  they  speak  better  on  both  sides.  Te- 
gauissorens'  goodness  of  heart  appeared,  not  only  in  tlio 
harangue,  which  ho  delivered  in  this  assembly,  but  also 
in  his  private  interviews  with  do  Frontenac,  to  whom  he 
presented  belts  in  the  name  of  Garakonthie. 

The  General  treated  him  very  kindly,  begged  him  to  as- 
sure Garakonthie  of  his  gratitude  and  esteem,  and  to  these 
marks  of  friendship,  added  very  fine  presents  for  both  ; 
but  convinced  that  neither  of  them  entered  the  councils  of 
the  nation,  in  which  the  English  took  part,  ho  relied'only 
on  their  sincere  atl'ection,  without  Hatteriug  himself  that 
their  intiuence  was  great  enough  to  bring  the  whole  nation 
to  a  perfect  reconciliation.  He  then  prolonged  the  stay  of 
the  deputies  as  mueli  as  was  necessary  to  give  the  colon- 
ists time  to  sow  thi'ir  fields,  aud  this  dehiy  led  to  another 
result,  no  less  advantageous  to  tiie  colony.' 

Mr.  de  Louviguy  had  grounds  for  fearing  a  rupture  with 
our  allies  of  the  North  and  West,  to  whom  the  Iroquois 


'  May  23,  IflOl.     N,  Y.  Col.   Doc,    fnco  are  given  at  length,  in  Dc  la 
is.,  p.  5T!).  P.itlierie,   iii,,   i)|>.  !>(IJ-^JO.     N.  Y. 

''  Tlie  iiruceediugs  of  tliis  confer-    Cul.  Doc,  ix.,  ]>.  .^TD-oSiJ. 


4  I 


>••«.■• 


,'11 


ith 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  t'liANCI-:. 


251 


woro  uncoiisiii<,'ly  iiisiimatin;:;  that  tlio  Froncli  wished  to        '^   \ 
iJiiiki'  ti'i'iiis  with  tiio  c'luitoiis  without  iv^'ard  to  tlioir  inter-  "  ""  '  "^ 
ests.     All  tiiat  lie  foiild  ilVcct,  was  to  iiuhice  tlio  principal     .      .tof 
chiefs  of  these  nations  to  convince  themselves  of  the  truth  "'latiou.'" 
in  person  ;   these  chiefs  started  for  (Juebcc,  and  arrived 
two  days  after  the   departure   of   the  Irocpiois   deputies. 
Frontcnac,  learninj^  from  their  own  lips  the  object  of  thoii 
visit,  sent  an  express  to  Tei^anissorens  to  ho<^  him  to  re- 
turn to  (^acl)cc  ;  he  came  at  once,  and  saw  tlio  chiefs  of  our 
allit's   and  thii  latter,  after  liearinj^  him,  understood  that 
the  Tro([uois  had  no  otlier  object  tlian  to  divert  them,  pre- 
vent tlieir  parties  attacicing  the     -i    -miu  enemy,  and  em- 
broil them  with  the  French,  so  "■■.!.  b     uivo  au  easier  task 
■with  both  of  them.' 

It  wtiH  not  the  Governor-('     'cr  '"s  fault  that  he  did  not  M.  doFron- 
drrive  from  Tej^anissoi'ens'  t', ip   t   .ion  another  advantaj^e,   iiKiicitiml 
which  seemed  to  him  no  l<)ss  essential,  although  all  the     nsiom 
world  were  not  ot  his  opu  lUs  was  tlie  re-establisii- 

ment  of  Fort  Catarocouy.  it  was  first  proposed  by  Tega- 
uissorens,'^  altJiough  perhai)s  at  the  General's  own  sugges- 
tion. Frontcnac  certainly  seized  the  opening  with  all  tho 
ardor  of  his  nature,  and  did  not  delay  for  a  moment,  the 
preparations  for  au  enterprise  so  long  desired.  Ho  pro- 
pared  witli  great  diligence  a  largo  escort,  which  was  to 
conduift  to  that  post  a  garrison,  mechanics,  munitions,  and 
all  necessary  for  au  establishment  which  he  proposed  to 
make  tlie  bulwark  of  t!\e  colony.  He  gave  the  command 
to  the  Chevalier  de  Crisasy,  but  as  that  olHcer  was  on  tho 
point  of  embarking,  he  ri'ceived  orders  to  disband.^ 

This  change  was  caused  by  de  Seriguy's  arrival  at  Mon-      ^y,,^^ 
treat,  where  the  Governor-General  was,  bearing    a  royal   J^'^^^'it*  it- 
commission  to  raise  a  considerable  force,  for  an  expedition 
against  Fort  Nelson.     The  court  still  clung  tt)  this  project 
and  committed   it   to    Serigny  himself,  and   his   brother, 


'  Kdatioii,  Kliti-;?.  N  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ■  Eightli  lu'lt.  N.  Y.  Col.  Dye  is., 
is.,  i>.  .")'j;!  Df  hi  PotbiTii',  His-  p.  .581.  Du  la  Potlu-rif,  iii,,  p  2\)'^ 
tuin;  d(^  I'Ain.  Sri>t.,  iii.,  p.  2'2'K  •iiT. 


■J 


I  ! 


1 
III 


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1 1 


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ii'i 

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fl62 


IIlSTOltY  OK  NKW  KIJANCE. 


9 


■IP 


I 

jii,  i  .!., 


J 


'i 


1694.     (I'lIitM-villc.     T1h'1'(>  was  not  11  iiioiiiciit  to  loso,  unless  tlioy 

^— V- -^  wIsIumI  till'  project  to  I'.'iil  for  tlio  tliiiil  time,  uiul  for  tliis 

imiposo  it  wuH  uucossiiry  to  take  a  piirt  of  tlio  mou  who 

woro  to  accoinpiuiy  tho  Chevalier  do  CrisnHy.     Frontoiuio 

gavo  Scri^'iiy  oiiu  liiiudrcd  iiud  twenty  Caiiiidiitns,  and  somo 

Indians  from  Saiilt  St.  LoniH  ;  the  rest  were  dismissed  till 

fiuthur  orders.' 

Now  iii"'()-      Soon   after,  two    Fronchmou    who    \ia,iX   oscajied    from 

wi'i'ii  "I'lTr    Ouoii'^'io"-!  whoro  tlioy  woro  prisoners,  assured  do  Front- 

lrui|i!..u.   ix-n;^  that  he  must  no  lon.^or  count  on   makinj,'  peai-e  witli 

tho  Iro(|Uois  nation  ;  tho  Cronoral  believed  them  ill  informed, 

and  tho  chiefs  of  tho  western  and  northern  tribes  ha\ing 

arrived  towards  the  close  of  August,  with  a  groat  convoy 

of  furs,  brought  by  do  Louvigny,"  he  carefully  withheld 

from  them  the  information  which  ho  had  just  received. 

At  tho  end  of  a  fortui^dit,  Ouroouharo,  Avho  had  accora- 
l)anied  Teganissorens  on  his  return,  came  back  witli  thir- 
teen French  prisoners,  whom  he  had  delivered,  among 
them  tho  two  Hertels,  taken  two  years  before  at  do  la 
(lemeraye's  defi;at,  and  who  Avero  supposed  to  be  dead  ; 
but  ho  brought  uo  deputies,  except  those  of  his  own  cau- 
toii,  Cayuga,  and  of  tho  Seneca.'  Only  Count  do  Fronte- 
nac's  regard  for  their  conductor,  made  him  give  them  a 
favorable  hearing,  and  ho  wished  tho  chiefs  of  our  allies  to 
be  present  at  the  audience. 

Ourcouhare,  who  sjioke,  began  by  presenting  a  belt,  the 
meaning  of  which  was,  that  ho  had  burst  the  bonds  of  thir- 


'  Deln  Potborii',  iii.,  ]).  227.  Es- 
nininatiou  of  M.  I'liwling  ami  N. 
Smith.  Si'u  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  [). 
110. 

''  Do  la  Porte  dc  Louvigny  ciuin.' 
from  Paris  in  KIST,  ami  bfcaino 
liinttc'iiant  ami  capl;iin.  In  IHUO, 
bi'iit  to  tlir  west  with  ii  convoy,  ami 
fcatuil  the  IriMjiiois.  Antu,  |i.  liiT.  In 
KiUo.  he  was  made  luli'tihipman  and 
ensign  in  the  navy,  i>"cording  to 
Daniel,  i.,  p.  !307.  He  ret,  rued  from 
the   \ve«!t,  OH    here  eluted,  in  1UU4. 


Major  of  Three  Rivers  in  1700;  of 
Qm-liec  in  170;l.  Knight  of  St. 
LiniiH  in  17iiS  ;  King's  lieutenant 
at  Qiiehec,  in  1710.  ( 'oinuiandant 
in  the  Upper  Country,  171(i-1720. 
Conducts  e::pe(lition  against  tho 
Foxes,  1710.  (ioviTuor  of  Three 
Rivers,  1724  ;  lost  on  Cliaineau,  Aug. 
27,  172r).  Daniel,  i.,  ji.  ;H)0.  N,  Y, 
Col.  Doc.  ix.,  !>,  !);W. 

'  De  lu  Potherie,  iii.,  p.  227,  N. 
Y^.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  p.  ll.")-110,  men- 
tions eight  as  escliauged. 


M\^ 


II  s 


nil 


)1U 


FriMitii- 

liiic'tt  lllllkl 

answer. 


IIISTOUY  OF  NF.rV  FUANCE. 

toon  Froiicliiaou  ;  lio  then  pn^Hciitod  otlioiH,  to  show  tlmt 
tlio  cantoBH,  wlioHo  (Itii)nt.'eH  iippoiirod,  |v  rcoivin^  that  To- 
j^iiiiissoi'i'ii.s'  iu'ij;()tiiiti(iii  was  too  loiij,'  protriii-tcd,  and 
kuowiiiy  tlmt  it  wuh  tniviTscil  \>y  tlio  lliif^'lisii,  had  takoii 
tJH)  iiiitiativo,  and  diroi'tod  tlu;ir  envoys  to  hvt^  tliiii-  Fa- 
tli(  r  not  to  loso  pationco,  but  to  assuro  liim  that  tlioy 
wished  at  any  prico  to  ic^'ain  liis  favor,  and  thny  conjured 
him  to  hold  i)ark  his  hatflu't  ytit  a  iittlo  lon^'cr. 

The  (toncrai  asked  (honi  whotlu!!'  they  diil  not  intend  to 
inchide  all  the  nations  in  tiie  treaty  propostul,  ami  this 
question  end)ai'r;>ssed  thoni.  They  eonforred  for  somo 
time  to<;etlier,  and  then  rejjlicHl  in  a  very  amhij^'uous  man- 
ner. Father  iJruyas,  Superior  of  the  Missions,  who  acted 
as  interpreter,  begged  them  to  be  more  explicit,  but  their 
trouble  incroaseil.  Then  the  Count  {]  •  Frontenac  told 
them  tlu't  iio  accepted  the  tirst  belts,  and  that  he  with 
])leasure  beheld  his  chihlren  whom  he  had  mourned  as 
(lead  ;  that  hu  thanked  the  dojiuties  of  the  two  cantoua  for 
their  eager  protestation  of  liiUdity  to  him  ;  but  ho  did  not 
receive  the  other  belts,  by  whicli  thoy  proposed  to  stay 
his  arm,  and  that  ho  was  about  to  strike  at  ouco,  un- 
less they  i)romptly  gave  him  a  precise  reply  to  all  that  lio 
had  declared  to  Teganissoreus. 

He   then  treated   tiiem  magnificently,  and  during  the    nc  au. 
bancpiet,  resuming  that  nobly  alVable  manner  that  alway.s  '||,':p'ai|,J' 
became  him,  he  sought  to  convince  tiie  Sonecas  and  Cay-  •''''"j:'j'|'.''''^" 
ugas  that  he  de^ireil  peaci;    less  I'oi'  his   own  sake  than  for 
their.s,  and  as  a  father,  who  reluctantly  punishes  his  chil- 
dren.    Some  time  after,  he  gathered  all  the    Imlians,  and 
evincinl  much  displeasure   at  'reganisst)rens'  failure  to  re- 
turn at  tin;  apiioinled  tinu;,  and  still  more  at  their  consult- 
ing the  Fiiglish,  who,  looking  only  to  their  own  interest, 
could  not  but  dissuade   from   iieacc.     Ho  added  that  ho 
should  not  long  be  the  dupe  of  the  irresolution  and  incon- 
stancy of  the  cantons  ;  that  he  and  his  allies  were  about  to 
resume  the  war  in  earnest,  and  carry  it  ou  more  vigorously 
than  ever. 

The  dc[)uties,  wlio  Lad  not  exi)ectcd  this  threat,  wished 


,     '.1 


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Return  fif 

K.  Mild 

nii'l  'ruri.'li:i 


IIIHIOU^    OF   NKW  l-Il.\N('K. 

t(i  »\(  itc  Ills  tliwlniHt  (if  liiw  iillics,  but  lio  took  up  tlifir  il  - 
I't'iu'i',  iiii.l  |>iol("-,ti'il  til  it  lid  would  iicvcr  si'|i,ir,itt.(  liin  iu- 
ttrcsts  I'niiii  theirs.  Vol  liu  liNtcut'd  (juili!  calmly  to  soiiio 
I'l'proiiciu'S  tluit  till)  IliU'dUS  iiud  IroipioiH  iiddiosHcil  each 
otlii  r,  wiHliiii^',  doubtlcHH,  to  suo  wliotlicr  he  could  not  thus 
derivi)  souu^  I'^'I't  us  to  llu)  conduct  of  tlm  former,  whom  ho 
liiid  ncvcf  tiuslcd  iiioiv  tliiin  modcriilcly  ;  hut  iiftci'  (juito 
a  wiirni  idtrrcatioii,  from  wliich  ho  learned  notldiii,'  but 
wliiit  111'  already  knew,  he  imposed  silence  on  boih  parties. 
He  then  told  the  Irocpiois  that  he  would  make  his  picpar- 
ations  slowly,  in  order  to  ;,'ive  them  time  to  return  to  their 
duty  ;  but  that  if  they  continued  to  aliuse  his  patienc(\  ho 
would  make  liiem  feel  that,  as  on  the  one  hand  he  was  a 
good  father  and  a  faithful  ally,  so  on  the  other  they  would 
find  him  a  terrible  enemy,  if  they  utterly  exhaustc^l  his  ])a- 
ticnce.  lie  spoke  in  the  same  tone  to  the  other  Indians  in 
liriviito,  and  dismissed  them  all  with  presents,  and  full  of 
esteem  for  him  in  iierson. 

Towards  the  end  of  October,  Fathcu'  Milet'  arrived  at 
Montreal  afti'r  the  years  slavi'ry,  a  j,'()od  part  of  which  ho 
liad  spent  in  constant  expectation  of  the  tortures  intlicted 
ou  prisoners  of  war,  and  he  informed  the  Ooveruor-Geno- 
ral  that  he  was  closely  followed  by  Tarc^ha  with  deputies 
from  the  Oni'ida  cantcm.  In  fact  tlicy  landed  a  few  days 
after,  but  were  very  ill  received,  and  iilmost  trciited  as  splits. 
Nevertheless  Frontenac  relaxed  a  little  on  the  testimony 
of  the  missionary  to  whom  Tareha  had  really  rendered 
great  services  durliijj;  his  captivity,  and  altl'.ungh  ho  bej^'an 
to  credit  the  statemeiit  of  tlu?  Al)i'na<iuis,  ihat  all  tlieso  ne- 
gotiations were  intended  only  to  amuse  him,  he  reflected 
that  they  had  not  lieen  useless  to  him,  in  so  far  as  they  had 
all'orded  some  re|)(jse  to  tiie  inhabitants  of  the  colony. 

It  was,  moreover,  a  matter  of  ni'cessity  either  to  make  a 
show  of  meeting  these  advances  or  to  go  and  attack  tlia 
Iroquois  with  forces  capable  of  d(!stroying  them,  and  lio 


'  Ah  to  ^lilftV  oaiitivity,  sci'  Hcla-  N.  Y.  Col,  Doc,  iv.,  j).  i!),  7!),  '.>:',  &c., 
tion  d'um'  ciqitivitt'  [i;iniii  Ics  Oiiin'-  Miitlicr's  Maguiilia,  Hook,  ii.,  p 
loulN,  New   Voik,  1^01.     l.i'UiTB  in     01. 


;*/ 


'.' 


IIISTOHY  OF  NEW  FnANCK. 


11 

IH 

in 

itn 


waH  fur  fioiu  lifiviii^  oiiou^;li  for  sik;!)  mh  cxiunlitioii.     Tim      "'"r.- 
Eiiylisli,  us  alii'iuly  notict'il,  Imd  irci'lril  ii  fort  at  Oiioiidi-    '"  '  "~^ 
ga,  iiml  that  jiliicc  was  in  vi'It  ^'ooil  coi,  lili,)ii.     Tlic   I'o-  n,,,  ,j^,|„,r, 
(juoirt  (.•oiiKl  at  iiccil  |iiit  ill  tlu(   licM   tli)"i«   tlumsaiid  '"I'lii  i',',':'" '.'nVic 
uiul  tlio  Govoi'uoi' of  Now  York  \V( mill  lio  siu'o  not  to  lot    r,."'',"u 
thoiu  ju'rish  for  want  of  his  aid. 

Frniitcnao  I'oiiiil  count  on  two  thoiisaml  men  at  most, 
inchiilin;.;  rc^^ulars,  militia,  and  domiciliati'd  Indians;  pni- 
ilent'c  not  |n'rmittin^'  him  to  h.-avo  nni^'arrisoncd  tho  nioro 
ox|(OM'd  [losts,  wiiioh  woro  ([uitn  numiu'inis.  'I'lms,  con^id- 
-rin;,'  all  tliin;,'s,  la,'  had  dono  much  l)y  iliviu'tin;,'  this  {^roat 
war  ]iartii>s,  which  would  at  thu  It'ast  havo  ravu;^'i'd  tho 
tiflils,  a  ilisastiT  thai  would  entail  a  ^on  va'  I'amini).  Now 
til'.'  I't'ssatiou  of  ho^tilitii'S  on  a  i^rrat  S(m1i',  .  is  tho  result 
)f  tlic  n<';,'oliations  just  nioiitioiied,  aii'i  tln^  small  p.itics 
that  apix'arud  on  oiio  sido  ov  aiiotlier  diiiin;^  thai  time, 
liail  only  forced  us  to  ijo  ever  on  unv  ^uard. 

Tliu  Ln;,dish  of  Boston  were  far  from  (•ijjoviii;^'  as  yreat  S'lmr  W": 
ti'aiKiuillity  at  the  hands  of  the   Abi'naciui  nations.     .Sir    uiui  HkI 
(William)  IMiibs  had  based  ^'reat   lioixiS  on  Fort  I'emUuit,       ""  " 
.situated  iu  thu  midst  of  these  Indians,  and  at  lirst,  by  iuti- 
midatiou,  brought  some  to  a  kind  of  tonus.     This  was  loss 
sur[)rising  as  these  Indians  often  beheld  thomsolvos  aban- 
doned i)y  the  French,  who  counted  a  little  too  much  on 
their  attachment,  and  the  inllueuce  of  those  who  liad  ^aim;d 
their  coutideuce  ;  moreover,  somo  of  their  relatives  wero 
prisoners  at  Boston,  and   tliero    was   nothing   that   they 
would  stop  at,  to  got  thorn  out  of  the  hands  of  tho  Eng- 


'Ml 

m 


•  ■ 


1^ 


.'! 


i.,4 


Things  had  oveu  goue  so  far,  that  two  of  their  chiofa' 
had  bound  themselves  iu  tho  mouth  of  May,  to  conclude  a 
treaty  of  poaco  with  tho  Governor  of  Now  Eugland,  aud 
that  Geuoral,  after  receiving  hostagi^s,  had  ])r(jct!eded  in 
person  to  Pemkuit,"  to  hasten  tho  conclusion  of  an  all'air 


'  Du  la  Potlu-rle.  iii.,  p.  227.  '  Slv  in  .MiitluTs  .Mn^'iuiliii,  i.,  \>]>. 

•  Kil/.iniu't,  (I''^''i'r''i'i''' "''•'^'"i''i''"-)  "'l''-o.  a  .rw.l;  >it;iii'il  a:   I'niiaii'iiil, 

nnd    Mctuwumto,   (Muduckuwuiulo,)  Au^'.  1 1,  <>.  ;■'.,   Lk  tlu;  iibov'  cliiufs, 

lb.,  J).  227.  niul  limr  iitlii'Vs. 


4\ 


!ii: 


ii.'d 


-Jill 


m 


256 


4 


i 


,  5 


li 

si 


t    '>< 


<»■' 


I* ' 


1694. 


Tlie  Sieiii- 
do  Villic'ii 

IjRMk.S  (ill 

the  iini^.i- 
liatlun. 


Bi.kl  ;in<l 

SlU'Ci'Ssfill 
CX|UMlilUIIl 

of  tliat 
offlcer. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

wliicli  he  justly  regarded  hh  a  master  stroke.  He  would 
{\pparoutly  have  succeeded,  but  for  the  exertions  of  the 
Sicur  de  Villieu,  who  had  so  greatly  distiuguished  himself 
at  the  siege  of  Quebec,  nud  theu  commanded  a  compauy  iu 
these  parts. 

At  the  very  moment  wheu  Phibs  felt  most  assured  of  at 
last  freeing  his  colony  from  all  anxiety  as  to  such  danger- 
ous neighbors,  Villieu,  seconded  by  Mr.  Thury,  missionary 
at  Pentagoet,  found  means  to  regain  Mataouando,  a  Male- 
cite  chief,  who  had  already  declared  for  peace.  Raising  a 
party  of  two  huudretl  and  lifty  Indians  from  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Pentagoet  and  St.  John's  river,  and  being  joined 
by  the  Abeuaipiis  of  tlie  eider  Father  Bigot's  mission, 
Villieu  put  himself  at  the  head  of  ah  these  braves,  having 
with  him  only  a  siDgle  Frenchman,  and  led  them  to  the 
river  Pescadone,  (Piscataway)  iu  the  mitl:;t  of  English  set- 
tlements, and  only  twelve  'eagues  from  Boston.' 

Here  there  wore  two  forts,"  a  short  distance  from  each 
other ;  the  Abenaquis  uudcrtook  to  attack  one,  Villieu,  with 
the  Malecitjs  and  Micmacs,  marched  against  the  other, 
and  they  wore  .soon  carried.  Two  Inmdred  and  thirty  En- 
glish perished,  tifty  or  sixty  houses  were  burned,  a  success 
that  did  not  cost  the  victors  a  single  man,  only  one  being 
wounded.'  Mataouando  always  fought  beside  the  French 
commandant,  and  greatly  distinguished  himself. 


1  Du  111  I'othriic,  iii.,  p.  '^'OS.  Rt;. 
latidii  liu  Voyiu,'!'  liiit  i.iu-  Ic  Siciir 
ill'  Viilii'ii.  .  .  a  111  tcti'  ili'S.  .  .  Ivii- 
nilmts  ft  Miilrri/it  s.     C'.iiuulii  l>iii'., 


I!.,  vii., 


IJiirot   was  111    I'liiia- 


oumkik.  Hi!  li'l't  Naxoiit,  May  'J."), 
with  his  ludiiins  iiiul  two  Fri'ii.li- 
lai-ii.  11(3  wiisiit  l'i'Uliii,'oi't  .Jiiiii'  \j. 
Williiimsoii,  Hist.  Maiiii",  i.,  p.  Ii:)il, 
{^is'i'S  till)  substiinci)  of  Ri^ot'.s  and 
Tliury  sHiTiuonis.  tutln'r  Iroiii  ai'i  iiiiUy 
lifariii;,'  tlioui  111'  irrm  his  own  iiua 
giiuUioii. 

■-'  Fortified  lioii.i's,  IX'  la  Pothi'riu 
iii..  |i. '.',;'■).  Vill''ii,  ('iiiiai'a  One,  II., 
vii.,  p.  Il2,  wi'.p  i>u\v  tlic'ui  .Inly  'M, 
calls  tLcm  "  little  lorts." 


■'  Villieu,  Relation,  Canada  Doc. 
II.,  vii.,  )).  Vi,  claims  to  havi;  burned 
(iO  houses,  killed  10 1  men,  uiul  ta- 
ken :iT.  De  la  I'otherie,  iii.,  p.  a,",), 
iv.,  )).  -Ill,  f,'ives  110  kilioJ.  Tliu 
placi' was  Oyster  l{iver,  now  l)urliam> 
N.  11.  llayward's  li.izeite.'r  of  New 
Hampshire,  p.  (II.  .lohu  I'ike,  in 
'lis  .lournal,  (N.  II.  Hist.  Coll.,  iii.,  p. 
.■),)  says  thre.'  pirrisons  taken,  13 
houses  burnt,  i)-l  per.-^ons  killed  or 
laki'U.  Aci'<ir,lin^  to  Cotton  .Mather, 
JMaHiialia,  IVk.  vii.,  art. '^O.tive  oi'tlio 
twelvi^jfarrisoned  houses  were  taken. 
Ilelknap,  History  of  New  Haiiip.-lurL' 
(Farmer's  Ed.)  i..  i).  l:!.'\  eslimates 
loss  at   !)()   or     lUO    killed,    and  20 


I 


If 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


257 


Tho  Alienuqui  chiof  was  Taxons,  ii'vcatly  eelcbvatecl  for      1694. 
roiinv  exploits,  and  comuiL'mlablo  atlichmeut  to  onr  inter-  — — ^-— -' 
ests.     This  brave  man,  not  satislicd  with  wliat  ho  had  just 
so  valiantly  achievc-d,  chose  forty  of  his  most  active  men,  ':^,i'^(';,[,,°J. 
and  after  three  days'  march,  by  makiiit;'  a  Iohl;-  ciicuit,- ar-       -i""- 
rived  at  the  foot  of  a  fort  near  Boston,  and  attacked  it  in 
broad  day.     The  En.^lish  made  a  better  defence  than  they 
did  at  Pescadoue.     Taxons  had  two  of  his  nephews  killed 
by  his  side,  and  himself  received  more  Uian  a  dozen  mns- 
ket  balls  in  his  clothes,  but  he  at  last  carried  the  place, 
and  then  continued  his  ravages  to  the  very  doors  of  the 
capital.' 

These  hostilities  provoked  Phibs  all  the  more,  in  as  upiisinqiat 
much  as  on  the  assurances  which  he  had  ^;ivcn  of  a  speedy  '^"*'""- 
arrangement  with  the  Indians,  all  the  country  was  in  per- 
fect security,  and  after  these  sudden  and  unexiiected  hos- 
tilities, the  people  of  Boston  rose  up  against  him.'  Ho 
had  no  great  authority  hi  his  g(}vernia('nt,  and  as  mucli  to 
esca[)e  the  fnry  of  a  mutinous  populace,  which  despised 
him,  as  to  seek  means  to  avenge  the  allVont  which  he  had 
just  received  from  the  Indians,  he  resolved  to  proceed  to 
Pemkuit. 

As  soon  as  ho  arrived  there,  he  sent  to  tell  those  with 
whom  ho  had  treated,  that  they  must  surrendiu'  to  him 
two  of  their  men  who  had  been  at  the  attack  of  the  lirst 


houst'S  Iniriu'd,  .Inly  18.  O.  S.  lO'Jl. 
Sue  ton  UutcliinsDu'H  Hirtt.  Mush,  ii., 
p.  Ti).  WilliiiuwiiuV  Miiiiic,  i.,  \<. 
U40.  Stouglilon's  Lctti'i-  to  r\v  Iii- 
(liiius.  N.  V.  Col.  hoc,  ix.,  \:\>J)l-\- 
4. 

'  Df  la  PotlK-ri.',  iii.,  i).22i».  Tax- 
us,  (luisiirintt'd  Tauoiif,)  in  said,  p. 
24(),  to  liiiv(!  killi'd  or  takoii  4). 
ViUiril,  Ut'lulion,  \<.  13.  «;>'(•  the  cliirt' 
Lad  oO  uirii.  Till'  place  auui'k.d 
was  Oi'oluii,  .MassaL'lui^<i'ttH,  July  'J7, 
O.  S.  ilatlur,  Maf^uaiia,  lib.  vii., 
p.  tiO,  Hays  tliL'V  wiTe  tirst  i-fpulsud 
at  luk'nt.  Laliiii's  hou-su,  Im!.  ri'uru  in;' 
tliu  attack,  killed  tweuty  people,  aud 


took  a  dozen.  Butler'^  History  of 
(Irotoii  |).  !l:.!,  cites  no  autlnn-ity  but 
Mather.  The  (ieiieral  Court,  liow- 
ever,  relieved  the  town  from  taxes 
on  account  of  "their  great  distress 
and  impoverishment  by  reason  of 
the  desolation  made  upon  them  by 
the  enemy."     lb.,  p.  05. 

'•'  Phibs'  troiililes  had  a  diireiTlit 
cause.  See  lliitchiiison's  Hist. 
Mas.s.,  i.,  PI).  7(J-Sy.  He  war  recalled 
to  Ku;;laud.  and  sailed  No\.  1  r.  <>. 
,S.  Charlevoix  here  confuses  mat- 
ters, and  makes  the  treaty  follow, 
wlien  it  really  preceded  the  hostili- 
ties. 


1 

1 1" 

ii 


»! 

m 


•'1 


r 


f 


W; 


.Mi 


1^. 


n 


\M 


m 


''V, 


t 


258 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE 


1^)94. 


:i 


I' V  >  t 


l^*!; 


4,'f  ':■■, 


i  ■• : 


Whiit 
passed  1/0- 

twcen 

Pliilisnnd 

the    liuli:in 

allies  (.f  tlie 

FreueU. 


riicy  bcBi- 

utu. 


One 

of  tlieir 
inissioiiar- 
iei)  prevents 
their  treat- 
iu'jwitli  thu 

Luirlidh. 


fort,  that  othevwiso  Lo  would  regard  tliora  all  as  accom- 
plicL'S  iu  ail  act  of  hostility  coiULnitted  agaiust  tho  law  of 
luitious,  aud  aftt.r  au  eugagomout  to  commit  uoiio,  adding 
that  he  was  at  Pemkuit  iu  a  position  to  puuish  this  perfidy. 
These  threats  perplextsd  the  Indians  not  a  little  ;  they  had 
given  hostages  to  the  English  General,  their  kindred  woro 
prisoners  at  Boston,  and  those  circumstances  were  more 
than  sulHcieut  to  induce  them  to  agree  to  anything  to  ap- 
pease Sir  (William)  Phibs,  who,  on  his  side,  would  have 
made  a  golden  bridge  to  regain  them,  trusting  to  betray 
ti)em  in  future. 

Moreover,  succor  had  long  been  promised  from  France, 
but  came  uot ;  uor  could  be  speedily  hoped  for;  the  French 
slii})s  that  had  arrived  ou  the  Acadiiui  coast,  after  advan- 
cing as  far  as  St.  John's  river,  having  siiiled  oil' with  a  pre- 
cipitation that  admitted  a  great  superiority  ou  tho  jjart  of 
the  English.  All  this  caused  the  Indians  serious  reflection, 
and  they  hesitated  long  as  to  the  course  to  bo  adopted. 
At  last  the  majority  decided  to  send  and  apologize  to  the 
English  Governor  for  the  past,  aud  assure  him  that  he 
shoukl  in  future  have  no  reason  to  complain  of  them. 

This  stop  would  have  been  certain  ruin  to  themselves  and 
us.  Nothing  was  bettor  calculated  to  expose  their  weakness 
and  ours  to  the  English,  who  would  undoubtedly  have  avail- 
ed themselves  of  it,  to  involve  these  tribes  so  that  they  could 
never  recoil.  But  Mr.  do  -Lhuri,  seasonably  warned  of 
what  was  designed,  succeeded  in  assurii  g  the  more  timid 
and  showing  them  ill,  the  gulf  into  which  they  were  phiug- 
iug,  by  thus  throwing  themselves  into  tho  arms  of  a  nation 
whose  bad  faith  they  had  so  ofteu  experienced,  aud  whom 
they  had  injured  too  deeply  ever  to  expect  to  be  well 
treated  \,y  them,  and  who  really  feared  them  enough  to 
make  it  their  [xjlicy  to  exterminate  them  entirely,  so  soou 
as  tliey  siiould  see  them  uo  longer  sustained  by  tho 
French. 

Ho  theu  advised  them  tu  employ  tho  time  given  them 
for  a  decisiou,  in  galluihig  the  little  grain  they  had  i)lanl- 
ed,  and  after  that  to  retire  to  parts  where  they  could  be 


IIISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


Hi- 
of 


259 

1694. 


sure  that  tho  English  would  uot  pursue  thoia.     Mr.   do 

ViUicu  at  tho  saiuo  tiiuo  iuducod  tho  ohiof.s  to  accouipauy 

him  to  Qiioboe,  whoro  thoy  prosoutod  to  do  Froutonac,  tho 

.scalps  of  tho  English  killod  at  Poscadouu  ;  Fatlior  Digot'a 

Abouaquis,  who  liad  talcou  uo  [)art  in  tho  nogotiatious  bo- 

tweon  tho  Malooitos  aud  tho  Governor  of  Now  England, 

folio wod  do  Villioii  closely,  aud  all  renowcd  thoir  protosta- 

tions  of  inviolable  fidelity  to  the  French  giiueral.' 

AVhilo  tho  English  were  thus  severely  luiudlod  in  Now  „      .    . 

^^  ■'  Dc-icriptioa 

England,  by  a  handful  of  Indians,  they  received   in  Hud-     '^^  I'^rt 

Nclsou. 
sou's  Bay  a  check,  which  they  felt  still  more  keenly.     On 

the  'Jlih  of  St.'ptember,  d'Iberviilo  aud  do  Seriguy  arrived 
at  tiie  mouth  (jf  8t.  Teresa  river  after  running  groat  risk 
from  tho  ice  with  which  they  found  the  whole  baycovorod. 
Tiiey  lauded  tlio  same  day,  and  tho  next  night  forty  Cana- 
dians invested  by  laud  tho  fort,  whoso  capture  was  thu  ob- 
ject of  tii  is  expedition.'  I  have  elsewhere  remarked  that 
what  is  pro[)eil3^  called  Port  Neison,  is  a  kind  of  bay,  •which 
roeoivos  tlio  waters  of  tho  St.  Teresa  and  Bourbon  rivers, 
aud  that  tlio  fort  to  which  the  English  gave  tho  same 
name,  stands  on  tho  bank  of  tho  former  river,  half  a  league 
from  its  mouth.' 

On  the  27th  after,  tho  Poli,  commaudod  by  de  Soriguy, 
had  transferred  to  tho  Salamaudre,  d'Ibervillo's  ship,  aU 
needed  for  the  siege,  the  two  brotiiors  endeavored  to  ap- 
proach the  i'(n't,  but  tho  ice  detained  them  a  whole  mouth,' 
and  n(,'arly  cruslied  tiie  Salaiuandre.  At  last  on,  tho  28tk 
of  October/'  this  sliip  anchored  a  mile  above   tho  fort,  aud 


'■  l)t!  Ill  I'otlicrii',  llistoiiv  ill' 
r.\iu<'fitiiii'  S.'jii.,   i>.  ;:.");>,  I'i'.l.  'ill 

■■'  They  s:iil  .1  IV  mi  tj.i  •')••,•,  .iil:;-u--l 
10.  ,I('r>'ini.',  l!rl;itio;i  il.'  lii  \iy 
dr  lliuUciii.  Viiyiu;-cs  (111  Niinl,  lii., 
p.  o-l'i.  He  calls  the  vi'ssoU  i'uli 
iiuil  I'hiiraiit;'.  KiitluT  .M.in'st,  Li't- 
tri's  EililiiiiiU's,  vol.  X.  Travi-ls  »( 
MitnioiiarirH,  &;.,  |).  'iV.),  ami  ])'•   la 


jic'ililidii  liail  bfi-ii  wilk'iti'd  by  tho 
Niii-thiMM  I  'niiiiiany.  Cuiuula  Uoc.,  II., 
vi.    ;,.  -J.:!,  01.-,. 

"  ■li'ii'iiiii'.  U'rUition,  (If  hi  Hayi.' do 
llu.N.Jii.  |i.  i!'.'.").  [h;  la  I'otliL'rie, 
UiBi'iiii'  ill.'  rAiiii'riiiui',  Si'pt.,  i.,  p, 
U<(\. 

*  Aiiti',  viil.  iii.,  p.  2u7 

*■  TliiH  Ki'i'ius  to  1)1'  an  error,  coiu- 


I'otlicrii',   i.,   p.    liiii,  cull   ilic  hilt'jr  [nirr  .Jci'i'iiiii'.  i.,  p.  ;!iil. 
tliK  Salaniauilri!.     Miu'c-^t  wriitc  Imi^'        '  I'liis  slmulil  appiircntly  bo  Si^p- 

afior,  Hiiii  iaapiiarrutly  in  I'Vi'iir  hero,  toiubcr.    Ji'n'nii.',  ;>.  o'iij. 
tllimt;li,  (111  Iht'cipcdilioil.     ThiSoX- 


tl' 


■U 


r 

r 


t 


V. 


I 


,1)' 


,<^ 


i. 


i( 


I    ti 


,        I 


I'  i 

!  I 


)  !;  ,■ 


^  '. 


260  IIISTOUV  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 

'^'94-  (VIbcvvilli)  eiiciimpcd  his  whole  force  on  shore.  This  fort 
^"^"^^—^  was  ii  sciuaro  house,  to  which  four  bastious  hiul  beeu  add- 
ed, the  whole  being  of  wood. 

Ou  a  lino  with  the  palisade  were  two  other  bastions,  one 
serving  as  officers'  (juartors  ;  between  the  two  was  a  kind 
of  half  moon,  where  there  was  a  battery  of  eight  eight- 
pounders  commanding  the  river,  and  below  it  a  platform, 
level  with  the  ground,  with  six  heavy  guns.  On  the  side 
of  the  woods,  which  was  a  copse  in  a  swamp,  there  was  no 
defence.  The  main  body  of  the,  place  was  fortified  by  a 
double  palisade,  and  had  thirty-six  cabj;  )u,  and  six  i)ede- 
reros.'  The  garrison  consisted  of  dfty-three  men,  command- 
ed by  a  good  trader,  who  had  never  smelt  powder,  and  of 
course  fiiade  a  poor  defence." 

The  siege  began,  however,  in  a  very  Scid  manner  for  the 
jv  iiiTHr    two  comiuaudauts.     Their  brother  (Jl:  i^^oaugue,  stdl  vounijc 

-•11,1  D        J  ^  rj 

do  Scrii.'iiy.  and  serviii;^  as  ensign  ou  the  Poli,  having  advaui-ed  on  tlie 
■4th  of  November  to  ])revent  the  besiegers  from  making  a 
sortie,  was  killed  by  a  muskei:  Ijali.  He  was  the  third  of 
his  family,  killed  lighting  for  his  pviucc.'  From  that  day 
to  the  9tli,  they  were  engaged  iiiH'-.iig  c^uar^ers  for  them- 
selves. On  the  9th,  they  '. '.'^an  to  '-.ork  at  the  batteries, 
and  place  the  morti'.rs,  waioh  wore  rjudy  at  noon  ou  the 
13tli;  hr^  before  using  them,  dTbervilie  sent  to  summon 
the ''.r'V.it.or  to  surrender. 


'  'rii'i.  '.,,;,. '/.ptioncoiTi'sponds with 
unit  iu  .It'it'iuir's  iii'liitiou  (If  la 
Biij(!  (If  lluilsoii,  [).  32")-(i,  uxicpt 
tliiit  the;  liitto  says  ;i3  ciuuiou  uiul  11 
Bwivels. 

•  l''r.  Giibi-iul  llun^st,  Leltur  to  F. 
UL'  IjUiiilii'i-villc,  (Ui-ttres  Kdil'iiUitiH 
;t  (.'uricusrs,  vol.  x. )  Tnivols  of 
Ijoarui'il  Misriioncis,  p.  "JliU. 

••The  iiiliiT  two  wrri'  lie  Siiiiilc 
Ht'luUf  iimldeliii'iivillc.  'I'ln'  iiiuuc 
of  (.'liiitcaiigiiay  was  trivtii  lo  tlu' 
youuiri'st  of  tile  lir^jtlicrs,  HOW  (iov- 
eruor  of  Oiycniii'.  I'linrl'i-iiii;  Tin' 
Scigui'iiry  of  ('liati'aiii;uay,  is  on  iic 
St.    Lawruucf,     ailjoiuiiij,'     lliat    of 


Sault  St.  Louis,  and  crossed  by  tlio 
Cliiitfaiigiay  aud  St.  Ui'gin  rivers. 
It  was  graiitud  to  Lo  Moyiiu,  Sieiir 
dc  l.oiiguouH,  Si'pt.  'J'.),  I(i7;j.  lioii- 
cliettij,  Tdiiogr.  Dcsc.  Vii,  ix., 
Liouis  le  Moyiio,  Sieur  di^  I'hatcau- 
t;uay,  llic  lUtli  liou  of  tlic  Siuur  do 
lion^'iitniil,  was  horn  at  Jloutreal, 
Jan.  4,  KiiU.  He  was  kiilcd,  not 
Nov.  4,  as  gLMiorally  stal'.'d,  lim  Oct. 
4.  Seo  Fatliir  -Marcst's  letter, 
ill  the  Li!tl..'S  Editiaul.'s  et  ("u- 
rinises,  vol.  X.  Travels  of  Li-arned 
.Missioiiers,  p.  '-li'iU.  Daniel,  Nos 
(ilories  Xatioiiali's,  i,  p.  ."iJ.  Uue 
Page  do  Noir.'  Uistoire,  \)  '^ijli. 


.1 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


261 


h 


That  olHcoi",  seeing  himself  ou  the  poiut  of  being  bom-      1694. 
barilcd,  destitute  of  fire-wootl,  anil  with  no  hope  of  getting  a  "— ~v— -^ 
supply,  if  the  French  persisted  in  wintering  in  their  camp,       'J•^^^, 
and  especially  being  inexperienced  in  war,  replied  that  he  crinituiatei. 
consented  tu  surrender  the  fort,  and  would  send  his  lieu- 
tenant the  next  day,  to  arrange  the  capitulation.     He  kept 
his  word.     The  lieutenant  asked  that  all  the  otHcers  should 
be  lodged  in  tli"  i'ort  during  the  winter,  that  neither  they, 
their  property,  nor  their  papers  should  bo  touched,  and 
that  they  should  be  transported  to  Franco  as  soon  as  navi- 
gation oi)ened,  or  be  at  liberty  to  pass  over  to  England. 
All  this  was  gi'unted  :  tho  capitulation  was  signed  on  the 
14th,  and  observed  in  gooj  faith.     The  next  day  d'lber- 
ville  took  possession  of  the  place  and  named  it  Fort  Bour- 
bon.' 

The  booty  captui'ed  was  inconsiderable  ;  but  a  large 
stock  of  provisions  wns  found.  As  the  French  ships  had 
not  been  very  well  supplied,  this  enabled  them  to  pass  more 
agreeably  a  winter,  which  proved  very  severe,  and  'onger 
than  usual.  The  English,  informed  of  the  French  design, 
had  sent  two  frigates  t(j  the  bay,  which  revietu.  lied  Forts 
Nelson  and  St.  Aun(,',  in  August,  reinforced  the  ;'i;arrison, 
and  carried  oji'  all  the  beaver  skins  ou  hand.  A  litt'o  dili- 
gence would  have  prevented  this,  but  while  Louis  XTY. 
surprised  his  enemies  by  celerity  in  taking  the  tielJ  the 
vessels  sent  to  America  by  his  order,  always  s.'iied  two 
or  three  months  too  late  from  our  ports.  TL<.  seqne!  of 
this  history  will  show  that  this  tardiness  was  alnvv-t  the 
sole  cause  of  all  our  losses.  i  want  of  success  in  ••ur 
enterprises  in  that  part  of  tl       >ew  World. 

The   crown  the  disappoiulment,  the  scurvy  broke  out 


Jeri'iuic,  Ueliitidii  dr  lii  Hnyc  ilo  voix  evidiMitly  errn  in  giving  Nov. 

IliuUdii,  snys  I'lr  firjrr  lu.-tril   '     11  lorOct.     Miii'i  st,  I.uttiT  to  (le  Lam- 

Sipt.  2.").  to  Oct.  1  1  :  mill  lliiU  <\        r  InTvillc,  in  tlic  Lcttrcs  Kii'liantcg  et 

villi-   cutcfi'd  till'  lort  '111  till*   |.")lli.  CuriiMiscs,  X.   TniVfN  of  Mis.^ioncir, 

l)c  ill  I'utlieric.  ill  his  liri.f  iicciuut,  p.  Sti'J.  say.<  liu  cnlcri'd  wiili  .i'lljiT- 

vol.  i.,  ]i.  l(j(),  is  in  error,  in  niiikiiiy  villi'.  St.  '^l•l■e^•l^'s  day,  Oc:.    !"),  iiud 

this  nuiTc'udi.r  Oct.  I'O  ;  nud  ChuiU-  said  nia.'*s. 


liiii 


I 


'II 


\n 


J 1 1\ 


.t,' 


(  I 


202 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FllANCB. 


■J 


,'■( 


^'\ 


)( 


1^195. 


among  oiiv  men,  iitfcaekin^  most  ot  tlioui  ;    Mr.    do  Tilly, 
Lieuteuaut  of  tho  I'oli,  uiiio  other  CauadiaiiH,  aud  tea  sail- 
Cnns(!-      ^^'^  diod,     Ouo  huiulrod  aud  lit'ty  canous,  l(;adod  with  Nor- 
"^'tliu'wii-   tlieru  furs,  which  reached  Fort  Bourbou  iu  June,  recom- 
(lULst.      pensed  those  interested  for  the  furs  of  which   the  English 
disappointed  them,     liut  the  end  of  July  a])proaclied  with- 
out the  ice  permitting   thorn  to  sail.     It  was  not   till  tho 
28th  tliat  the}-  wero  able  to  weigh  anchor.     Ojily  ii  hund- 
red aud  tiftcen  men  survived  on  the  two  French  shii)s,  sev- 
eral of  whom  were  unfit  for  service.     This  induced  dTber- 
ville  to  resolve  to  await  and  ca[  aire  the  English  ships,  then 
to  send  the  Poll  to  Franco,  and  proceed  with  tho  Sahimau- 
dro  to  winter  at  the  head  of  tho  Bay,  iu  order  to  capture 
Fort  St.  Anne.' 

The  English  not  appearing  up  to  tho  7tli  of  September, 
he  changed  his  plan,  aud  resolved  to  sail  for  (Quebec  with 
tho  two  ships.  He  appointed  the  Sieur  do  la  Foret,  Gover- 
nor of  Fort  Bourbon,  assigning  Mr.  de  Ivlarigni'  to  him  as 
lieutenant.  Ho  left  them  sixty-four  Canadians,  and  six 
Irocpiois  of  Sault  St.  Louis,'  with  anununition  and  stores 
for  a  year.'  Ho  then  steered  for  Canada,  but  being  long 
detained  by  head  winds  on  tho  Labrador  coast,  and  his 
crews  being  <laily  enfeebled  by  scurvy,  he  made  for  the 
coast  of  France,  aud  cm  tho  'Jth  of  October  arrived  at  La 
Kochclle. 

Aftairs  rf-maiued  on  the  same  footing  in  the  centre  of  tho 

In.,|ii()is     colony;  the  Irociuois  contnunng  to  make  great  in'omises, 
comi.iiie  to       ^  /  '    .  ^       _^^  n  ,  "    .      ;    ,  ' 

amuse  (he  and  Ivcepuig  none,     it  was  atterwanls  ascertanied  that  the 

greatest  obstacles  to  a  perfect  reconciliation  between  the 

canton.-;  and  the  French,  did  not  come   any  longer  from 


'  Father  Miibviel  Mnrcst  to  Fullicr  -  La  Plaque  comiuaiided  these 
de  Lamberville,  iilii  suprn,  and  in  Iroquois,  aixiirdiug  to  De  la  Potherio, 
Travels   of  Missioner.s  ji.    ;i()'J-2T(),     i.,  \i.  Klii 


gives  most   of  these   t'act.s,    but  not 
tin;  deaths. 

•  Captain  de  Marigni  went  to  St. 
Domiugo  iu  1710.  Uauiel,  ii.,  \i. 
287. 


*  Father  Mare>t  remained  after  the 
ships  sailed  ill  September,  111'.).').  He 
makes  the  \vh<ile  1,'iirrison  in  round 
uuinlKTS,  S(j.  Travels  of  Learned 
Missiuners,  p.  •2'i'i. 


r     I 


f  ,;.^.f,. 


niSTORY   OF   NEW   FRANCE. 


2G3 


Now  York  -tlio  Dutch,  wlio  liiid  a  iiowrrful  party  in  that  1695. 
province,  no  loiiyor  opposing'  tlio  pcaco— but  from  New 
Eii,L;hiiiil.  Yot,  coiiio  wiieiicc  they  woull,  there  was  uot  a 
fioul  iuNcw  France!  hut  felt  convinced  of  tlio  urj^'eut  uecos- 
sity  of  carrying  out  the  threa,t  so  often  made  to  these  per- 
fidious Indians.  Tiio  king's  council  had  long  entertained 
the  same  opinion,  for  thus  wrote  Mr.  de  Poutchartrain  to 
Froutenac,  April  IGth,  IG'Jo. 

"  I  !.m  very  glad  to  iuioim  you  in   advance,  of  his  Ma-  iy,  uinsr 
jesty's  view  in  regard  to  the  war,  and  the  negotiation  ycni  Vimuui'  hi 
have  kept  up  w:th  the  Iroipiois,  from   the  autumn  of  1G'J3     J^^;^^ 
to  the  sailing  of  the  vessels,  and  to  tell  you  that  this  nego- 
tiation seems  to  have  been  con  dieted'  by  them  in  concert 
with  the  English.     Both  seem  to  have  had  more  especially 
iu  view  to  suspend  and  avert  the  expeditions  that  you  wero 
to  undertake  against  them,  iu  order   to  be   better  able  to 
pursue  their  hunting  and  trade,  and  then  bo  better  able  to 
resist  your  designs,   .nd  even  carry  th  j  war  into  Canada. 
You  cannot  have  more  positive  proofs  of  their  insiucerltyi 
than  in  what   you  have  discovered,  that  at  the   very  time 
wheu  they  were  sending  you  ambassadors  after  ambassa- 
dors, the}-  wero  tampering  with  tiie  ui)per  nations,  our  al- 
lies, to  make  peace  with  them,  independent  of   you,     lou 
have  at  least  derived  from  this  knavery,  the  advantage  of 
having  exposed  them  iu  presence  of  the  deputies  of  these 
nations,  and  iu  letting  the  litter  know  from  the  Iroquois 
themselves,    that    the  IroqucJs  had  no  idea  of  including 
them  iu  the  pretended  treaty,  .and  you  are  more  certainly 
assured  of  their  tielelity,  and  the  conlideu(;e  they  shouli'. 
feel,  that  the  khig  will  not  aband(Mi    them.     This    being 
so,  every  means  must  be  adopted  to  wage  war  vigorous- 
Iv  on  the  Iroquois.     His  Majesty  will  make  au  eiibrt  to 
put  you  iu  a  couditiou  to  do  so."  '' 


'  Traitu  should  iiurluipsbe  traiiu',     K!,  10'.).").     N.  Y.CdI.  Doc.  ix.,  p.  58S 
lironriistiimtci!,  iiroloui;rd.  rauadu  Uoc,  I.  v.,  p.  ii'JS. 

'■*  FoiitohiuH'aiu  lo  Fruuteuuc,  Apr. 


ili: 


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I'l. 


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),  'I 

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2G4 


IJ  IS  TORY  01'  NEW  FUANt'E. 


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'J 
'I    • 


I* 


:t\ 


'695'  Pcoplo  in  j^fuural,  wore  far  from   roguriliug   tlio  Gov- 

'^^'^"'^  I'mor-tioiiortirs  piitiouco  us  ffivorably  us  tho  Court  did. 
Thcyicncw  Most  of  thoHO  who  saw  tilings  ulosciiy,  iluuiui'd  it  an  er- 
ror to  allow  the  Ii'oqixois  to  supposo  us  dupos  of  thuir  had 
faith,  and  thoy  wore  more  than  oonliruiod  in  this  opinion, 
M'hijn  these  Indians,  after  several  intrigues  to  seduce  from 
us  their  countrymen  of  Hanlt  St.  Louis,  and  tho  Mountain, 
wIkj  had  been  well  nigh  gained,  seeing  all  their  tricks  dis- 
covered, began  to  reappear  all  around  our  settlements,  and 
peri)etrat(!  their  usual  eruellii'S  and  [)lundering 

Tho  vigilance  and  activity  of  the  Governor  of  Montn;al 
foiled,  indeed,  most  of  their  measures.  One  of  the  chiefs 
of  Sault  St.  Louis,  who  had  secretly  entered  into  negotia- 
tion with  them,  wus  e.\[)clled  from  the  village  ;  the  Sieur 
do  la  Motte  Cadillac,  who  had  succeeded  Mr.  de  Louviguy 
at  Michillimackinac,  found  means  to  induce  tho  Indians  of 
his  district  to  attack  the  common  enemy,  who  were  making 
great  exertions  to  detach  them  from  our  side  ;  but  all  this 
did  not  prevent  our  farmers  from  being  in  constant  alarm, 
the  Iroquois  lying  in  ambush  everywhere,  and  swooping 
down  to  butcher  them  in  sight,  and  almost  under  the  can- 
uou  of  their  forts.' 
Insolent  These  hostilities  had  been  preceded  by  very  insolent 
tioiis'iif  propositions  from  the  Cantons,  who  at  tiie  very  moment 
dVaij.-i."'  when  they  ceased  to  pretend  a  desire  for  peace,  resunu'd 
their  fcjrmer  haughty  attitude.  They  began  by  asking 
that  tlie  G(jverii'>r-General  should  send  tluiu,  in  his  turn, 
deputies  to  treat  at  their  towns,  and  as  a  first  i)relinuuary 
they  insisted  ou  a  total  cessation  of  hostilities  on  our  part, 
and  that  of  our  allies,  either  against  them,  or  again.^t  tho 
Enghsh." 

Such  insolence  in  an  I'uemy  whom  it  was  not  deemed 
imi)ossible  to  humiliate  ;  the  necessity  of  doing  so,  if  wo 
would  avoid  losing  all  the  credit  wo  had  regaiuetl  in  the 


I  N.  Y.   ('(.1,    Doc,    ix.,   p    rm-8.     Ca.lillac,  Aug.  3,  lO'Jo. 
Dt;  la  Potlicrii',  iv.,  j).  Hi.     I-a  Mottn        '•'  See  N.  Y.  t'ol.  Doc.  ix.,  p.  500. 


ITISTORT   OF   NEW    FRANCE. 


2G5 


»i 


minds  of  tlio  Iinliixns,  ami  tlio  mortificiitiou  of  liclioltliiij^  1^95. 
tho  very  hoail  ami  coutro  of  tho  colony  boconiu  iij^'ain  tlio  "-^r—- ' 
tlicatro  of  a  war,  wlicrc  all  was  risktHl  without  any  liopo  of 
gain,  niailo  those  whom  jiast  cx[)ui'ii'nL'o  alanned  for  tho 
future,  tlosire  to  havo  all  the  forces  of  Canada  assembled 
in  order  to  go  nnd  make  tho  eaiitoiis  repent  their  not 
profiting  liy  the  inclination  we  had  evinced  to  grant  them 
a  favorable  peace  ;  hut  the  Count  do  Froutenac  was  not 
of  this  opinion. 

He  made  up  liis  mind  positively,  that  tho  best  remedy  ^  r'!",'',',!^^ 
for  the  dreaded  evils,  was  to  restore  Fort  Catarocouy,  '' 'J.()j.„'jj'"'" 
and  lie  resolved  to  carry  out  this  design,  which  he  had 
never  lost  sight  of  a  moment,  since  his  return  from 
France,  whatever  obstacles  had  to  bo  overcome  to  ef- 
fect it.  No  sooner  did  he  avow  this  resolution,  than 
^Iv.  de  Champiguy,  and  all  jM.'rsous  in  office,  strongly 
represented  to  him  the  dangerous  C()nrte(iuences  which 
might  result  from  au  enterprise  in  which  ho  alono  ."-'aw 
advantages  that  no  one  was  convinced  of,  adding  that 
the  regulars,  and  militia,  who  W(3uld  havo  to  bo  em- 
ployed at  it,  would  be  much  better  employed  in  curbing 
the  insolence  of  the  Iroquois.  They  reminded  him 
that  the  cantons  having  more  than  once  asked  the  res- 
t(n'ation  of  that  post,  it  was  not  only  granting  them  a 
favor  that  they  did  not  deserve,  but  also  receiving  from 
them  the  law  which  *^hey  seemed  disposed  to  impose  on 
us  by  force  of  arms. 

These  representations  did  not  influence  the  General.  Asiainst  tho 
Ho  replied  that  if  he  stood  alono  in  his  opinion,  ho  Avould  .I'lniuu. 
follow  it.  He  at  onco  set  out  for  Montreal,  reaching  it  on 
tae  8tli  of  July,  escorted  by  a  hundred  and  ten  Canadians 
from  the  districts  of  Quebec  and  Three  Rivers.  He  raised 
also  one  hundred  and  i'dty  militia,  from  that  of  Montre.il, 
two  hundred  soldiers,  and  as  many  Indians,  with  thirty-six 
otticers.  which  made  nearly  700, all  picked  men,  wIkj  under 
tho  command  of  tho  Chevalier  de  Crisasy,  selected  by  the 
General  for  this  cxpoditiou,  would  have  been  enough  to 
bring  the  Iroquois  to  their  senses.    Tho  prejjaratious  were 


It  ' 


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And  the 


niSTuHY  OFN/,W  FRANCE. 

juiulo  witli  incicdiblo  ('X]ici'liti()u,  (uul  tlio  army  moved  as 
Koouiistlio  convoy  was  roiuly.' 

Tilt'  noxt  diiy  Mr.  il(!  Froiiti'iiac   roccivod  a  letter  from 
Mr.  do  Poiitclmrtniiu,  iu  wliich  that  minister  iu formed  hi la 
that  tiio  Kinj,'  did  not  approvo  his  dosi^'u  ;"  for  he,  himself, 
or  perhaps  some  of  those  who  dissuaded  liim,  had  written 
to  the  court.     Uut  he  took  ui)ou  iiimself  to  disrcigard  (iiis 
intimation.   "  I  believed,"  said  Mr.  do  Champigiiy,  in  a  let- 
ter to  do  Pontchartrain,  dated  August  11th,  "  that  ho  would 
chai)  ^0  his  design,  as  Iio  might  easily  have  done.     For  this 
purpose  I  suggested  endless  reasons,"  but  all  in  vain,  ex- 
cept iu  that  ho  sent  orders  to  reduce  the  garrison  twenty 
men."     In  another  letter  on  the  17th,  ho  adds,  "  The   ex- 
pedition to  Cataroconv  has  ri'turned  ;  the  fort  is  n.'stored, 
forty-eight    men   have    renuiined   there,   although  Mr.   do 
Frontenac  assured  mo  that  only  tliirty  were  to  stay.     This 
expense  miglit  have  been  much  more  \;sefully  employed  in 
striking  an  important  blow  at  tho  Iroquois,  who  were   otl' 
their  guard,  and  supposed  tliat    they  had    lulled    us   by 
their    pretended   negotiations.     Our   allies    had   lost    all 
thought  of  making  terms  with  them,  as  they  nre  now  do- 
ing, we  are  informed,  seeing  that  wo  do  nothing  against 
them.     The  Hurons  have  already  scut  three  canoes  there  ; 
the  Foxes  and  Mas'joutins  are  just  the  men  to  join  the  can- 
tons against  the  Sioux  ;  the  former  oven  speak  of  going 
to  settle  iu  their  country.     In    one  word,  la  Motto   Ca- 
dillac writes,  that  wo  are  going  to   loso   them   all,  unless 
wo  remedy  it,  by  forming  a  grand  expedition  against  tho 
Irocjuois,  and  couviuciug  our  allies  that  wo  really  intend 
to  destroy  that  nation. 

Count  do  Fronteuao  thought  very  dillerently,  both  as 
to  the  designs  which  lie  had  just  carried  out,  and  as  to 
tho   expedition    in  which  he  had  not  deemed  proper  to 


) ;    i 


'  Di!  la  Mntti^  OmUllac,  Relation,  '  Pimtcliartrain  to  Frnulcnac,  Apl. 

1G04-5.     N.  Y.  Col.  Ddc,  is.,  p.  UO'.).  10,  10U5.     N.  Y.  Col.  i)oc.,   is.,   p. 

De  la  i'..tln.'1'k',  llistuire  ilc  I'Aiuu-  OS!). 

riciiU!  Sc'iil.,  iv,,  \>.  i'J.    Cuuaila  Dot'.,  ^  See  hit*  nasons,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 

II.,  vii.,  !>.  2;i(i.  ix.,  p.  591-1. 


aa 

Iroiu 
him 

|tt(3U 

(liis 
lot- 

lOUkl 

this 

\,  IX- 

iity 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FHANCE. 


267 


eiigaji^o ;  and  it  may  bo  said  that  sotting  asido  tho  sue-  I'lQS. 
ccHs  of  tho  rt'sulutiuu  tliiit  h(!  udoplcd  iif^'ainst  tho  opiiiioii 
of  all  tilt"  (•iilit,'litt'U(!il  jxisoiis  ill  tho  colony,  {Uul  uiiich 
did  not  outin.'ly  moot  liis  oxipoctution,  lio  smuod  to  ivasoii 
(jiiito  correctly.  E(iuity,  fiKiu  wliioli  un  historian  should 
iiovor  sworvo,  compols  nio  to  adduce  his  roiisons.  In  tiio 
uccount  whicii  ho  f^avi!  tlio  niinistor  of  liis  conduct  in  tho 
juuttor,  ho  thus  oX[)rossoH  hiiusolf  ; 

"Tlio  oxp(Hlition  for  Fort  Frontonac  had  started  several 
days  hi'foro  tho  i(  ropliou  of  your  li;ttor,  and  any  abandon- 
jnt.'iit  of  that  ontorpriso,  of  which  tho  hoael  chiefs  of  tlio 
Ottawas  had  Iioou  eye  witnossos,  would  so  havo  doproeiat- 
ed  tlio  Ficiicli  ill  tlioir  minds,  liy  tho  stronj^  iiupn^ssion 
they  would  rocoivo  of  our  woakiuis",  or  of  our  dosir>'  to  re- 
new no^'otiations  with  tho  onomy,  that  it  wonkl  havo  suf- 
ficed to  uliouato  thein  entirely  from  lis,  or  at  least  make 
thciu  tliiniv  ul  contracting  peace  without  our  intervention, 
especially  after  tho  joy  wliicii  they  Inul  pulilicly  manifested 
that  by  this  restoration  thoy  mij,'htho])o  to  liudau  assnicd 
rofiif^o  in  any  expedition  they  might  undortalco  against  tho 
Irotpiois.  This  operation  has  boon  successfully  carried 
out  at  slight  expense,  and  iu  a  short  time.  We  havo  not 
lost  a  single  man,  and  though  I  ilid  nut  propose  ;it  present, 
to  do  more  than  repair  with  palisades  the  broaches  found 
iu  tho  fort,  thoy  were  able  to  rebuild  them  with  stone  iu  a 

week,  without  its  costing  the  king  a  sou 

Some  wished  mo  to  go  this  year  with  all  our  regulars, 
jn'ovincials,  and  allies,  drums  lioating,  and  cany  Ononda- 
ga. I  did  not  deem  it  oxpodiont  •  1st,  because  I  had  not 
sulUcient  force  to  do  it  ;  'indly,  i.ot  to  leave  the  country 
stripped,  exposed  to  tho  iueuisious  of  tho  English,  who 
might  pounce  upon  Montreal,  by  way  of  CImmbly  ;  IJrdly, 
from  the  i.si'lessness  of  an  enterprise  which  would  result 
merely  iu  burning  cabins  ;  for  if  tho  Indians  had  no  time 
to  call  iu  the  English,  they  would  infallii)ly  retire  to  tho 
woods  with  their  families.     The  example  of  what  occurred 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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268 


HISTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


■  «^. 


i6(;5.     after  do  Dciiouvillo's  expoditiou  agiiinst  tlio  Hi'Ui'c'iis,  justi 
lies  suliic'ieiitly  nil  I  say,  auil  showa  us  that  the  dcstructiou 
of  an  Inxjuois  ,;(>  is  uot  the  way  to  deliver  us  from 

their  incursioiis. 

The  easiest  and  least  expeusivo  inoaus  to  succeed,  is  to 
continue  to  harass  and  anuoy  them  so,  hy  constant  war 
parties,  that  they  will  uot  dare  to  leave  their  own  towns. 
This  the  restoration  of  Fort  Fronteuac  "ill  enable  us  to 
do.  If  his  Majesty  resolves  to  attack  Fort  Pemkuit  next 
year,  it  will  give  a  new  impulsi-  to  the  boldness  of  the  In- 
dians of  those  parts.  ...  It  would  oven  bo  desirable 
that  he  slinnld  extend  that  expedition  so  as  to  bombard 
Boston  and  Manhattan,  which  is  not,  in  my  opinion,  very 
dilHcult  ;  this  would  at  a  single  stroke  enable  us  to  put 
au  end  to  the  war  in  this  country.'" 


It  would  not  ha .o  been  impossible  to  answer  a  part,  at 
least,  of  the  Count  do  Frontenac's  allegations  in  justitica- 
tiou  of  his  enterprise  ;  yet  it  is  true  that  it  was  not  easy  to 
decide  whetlier  this  design  had  most  drawbacks  or  advan- 
tages ;  both  of  which  wore  exaggerated  by  the  dillerent 
parties ;  for  if  tiiero  was  obstinacy,  or,  if  you  will,  private 
interest  in  the  motives,  which  impelled  the  Governor-Gen- 
eral to  act,  the  zeal  of  some  of  his  opponents  does  not  seem 
exempt  from  pique  and  prejudice  ;  it  was  his  misfortune 
that  too  many  people  shared  the  discontent. 

However,  no  one  can  refuse  to  the  Chevalier  de  Crisasy 
the  justice  of  saying  that  in  carrying  out  the  orders  ho  re- 
ceived from  his  general,  he  dis[)]ayed  a  conduct  which  won 
for  him  commendation  even  from  thosii  most  hostile  to  the 
exiH'dition  committed  to  him.  In  a  fortnight  he  advanced 
one  hundred  and  twenty  leagues  through  almost  t«ontinual 
rapid.s,  and  rebuilt  Fort  Catarocouy.  Nor  did  his  zeal 
and  vigilance  halt  here  ;  before  r<turning  to  Montreal,  ho 
lient  out  as  seouts,  I'ighty  Indians  divided  into  small 
squads,  and  to  this  precaution,  it  may  be  said,  as  much  aa 


ThiB  doppatch  is  not  in  the  N.  Y.  Co],  Doc.,  or  Canada  Documente. 


I . 


UlSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


269 


^! 


n 

lliat  Iho 

Ini'iiioi." 

were  on 

till'    wiir- 

inilli. 


to  tho  valor  of  some  of  our  oflicors  soon  to  bo  meiitioncJ, 

(lid  the  colony  owo  its  being  happily  ablo  to  gather  in  tho  ^^ 

crops  in  pence. 

In  fact,  forty  of  his  scouts  having  gone  towards  Ouou-     Tim;  ly 

''  ,  waniina 

ilaga,  some  of  thorn  wIkj  had  advanced  to  the  river  Chou- 
guen,'  saw  thirty-four  Inxjuois  canoes  come  down,  and  even 
heard  sonic  of  tlie  lutlians  telling  each  other  that  they 
would  soon  pay  the  French  and  their  iSault  St.  Louis  bre- 
thren a  visit,  that  they  did  not  expect.  Tho  other  parties 
confirmed  the  statement  that  a  great  number  of  Iroquois 
were  on  the  war  path  ;  all  returned  with  such  celerity  as  to 
give  llie  Ciovernor  of  Montreal  opportunity  to  put  his  posts 
lieyond  reai-h  of  insult,  and  enable  the  Count  do  Fronteuao 
to  collect  a  force  of  eight  hundred  men  on  Isle  Perrot." 

The  enemv,  nevertheless,  advanced  to  Montreal,  and  oven 

*'  Tlic  cncmv 

laniled  in  sniidl  scjuads  on  that  island,  whore  they  toma-  (icf.aicd  by 

hawked  some  of  tlie  settlers.  The  Governor-General,  on  lymantiiyo. 
being  informed  of  it,  deemed  it  expedient  to  divide  his 
little  army,  and  scatter  it  among  the  parishes  to  cover  tho 
r(>apers.  This  arrangement  disconcerted  all  tho  plans  of 
the  Iro(piois,  a  considerable  body  of  whom  were  defeated 
back  of  Boucherville,  by  Mr.  de  la  Durantaye."  Thero 
were  some  other  surprises  at  the  hands  of  these  Indians, 
but  with  no  great  result.  Thus  ended  the  campaign  in  tho 
centre  of  tho  colony.  Its  commencement  had  been  still 
more  disastrous  to  the  Irocpiois  in  the  West. 

Mr.  de  la  Motte  Cadillac  had,  as  we  have  remarked,  at 
last  induced  the  Indians  near  his  post  to  make  incuvsious 
on  the  common  enemy.  They  met  witli  success  and  brought 
in  a  great  many  prisoners  to  ^lichillimackinac.  Tho  Iro- 
cpiois wished  to  avenge  this  on  the  French,  and  marched 
in  force  to  compel  the  Miamis  to  declare  against  them  ; 


i  II 


f 


-1^' 


f1 


:1 


I: 


^^ 


'-  I 


'  Oswejro.  Miiifran,  I.i'airiii-  of  tin-  iicilition  to T'oitFrontrnaccoHt  12000 

IrDiiuois,  )).    ITl,  ilitiiioH  it  :  Swut,'t'li,  livns,   lli.  p.  (i.JU.     Di'   lu  Potherie. 

FU'winirout.  iv.,  pp.  lll-.Vi. 

■■  H.'latinii,    &(•.,    101)1-.").     N.    Y.  '  111.,  pp.,  7o-0.     N.  Y.  Col.  Doc., 

Col.  Doc,  i.x.,  p.  OlS-0'.]-i.    TUu  Ex-  ix.,  p.  02«. 


.ill 

iS 


-<iM|MH 


;:  I 


1 


270 


lIISn^HY   OF  NKW  FlUNCE. 


% 


•i''   )    'i 


f'. 


^2 


h 


Tri'iiclicry 

Iliiriin 
tUkf. 


1695.     lU'tt'i'iniiieil,  if  tlicy  rofusoil,  to  drive  thorn  theiusflvos  from 

^"""^  ""    fit.  Joseph's  rivor,  whoro  thoro  was  a  hirf,'i'  town  of  thcwo 

Andiiy  Mr.  IiKliiiiiH.     Fortunately,  ^tr.  Ho  Courtf^iauucho  wiis  ii>  tlio 

luali'l'i'io.    tovu  with  soiuo  Ciiuiuliiiiis,  wliou  tho  Iro(iU()is  iii)iH'!iroil. 

Ho  joined  tiio  Miiunis,  luid  fell  so  snddinly  on   tiiosi-  sav- 

ngoH,  wlio  uover  droamod  of  Huch  a  tliinj,',  and  did  not  know 

tho  Frcnc-li  to  bo  thcro,  that,  after  kilHnf,'  and  wouuihng  a 

considorabK)  number,  he  ol)h{^od  tho  rest   to  take  lliyht  iu 

great  disorder. 

This  rovorso  was  keenly  felt ;  but  they  woro  soon  con- 
soled by  the  peilidy  of  a  Huron  chief,  styled  by  our  Cana- 
dians, the  Baron,  lie  was  a  dauj,'er()us  man,  and  tho 
French,  whose  natural  enemy  ho  was,  did  not  sullleiently 
distrust  him.  lie  had  i)rovoutod  the  Michillimackinao 
Hnrons  from  f^oinj,'  t)  war  like  tho  rest,  and  iio  had  for 
some  time  been  iu  eorn'sponiU-uco  with  the  Irociuois.  Ho 
uevertheless  eoncealeil  his  intrij,'Uo  with  a  dexterity  and 
secrecy,  of  wliicli  no  one  scare 'ly  but  Indians,  and  espe- 
cially the  Hurous,  are  capable,  and  while  ho  wont  him.solf 
with  tho  deputies  of  our  allies  to  make  loud  protestations 
of  eternal  attachment  before  tho  G(Jvernor-Cleueral,  ho 
had  sent  to  tho  Sonocas,  his  sou,  with  thirty  braves  to- 
tally devoted  to  him. 

They  cou(;luded  a  treaty  with  that  canton,  in  which 
tiiey  included  tho  Ottawas,  and  when  the  whole  intri^Mio 
was  disclosed,  the  bond  was  so  well  knit,  that  la  Motto 
Cadillac  was  unable  to  break  it.  That  commandant  suc- 
cooded,  nevertheless,  iu  suspi-mlin^  the  execution  of  tho 
treaty,  at  least  on  the  part  of  tho  Ottawas,  but  the  JJa- 
ron,  who  had  thrown  oil'  the  mask,  no  longc^r  used  any 
sul)torfuge,  and  tho  French  consoled  themselves  with  lln> 
thouf,'ht  that  an  unmasked  onemy  is  le.ss  to  bo  fi-ared 
than  a  i)erlidious  ally,  OHpecially  of  the  character  of  this 
man,  who  moreover  was  neither  avowed  nor  followed  by 
all  his  village. 
Another  thing  annoyed  iho  Siour  do  la  Motto  Cadillac 


'  Relation.    &c.,   I(i04-i).    N.    Y.     ('otliiTli-,    Histoirc    de    rAmuriiiue 
Cv\    D()c,  ix.,   p.  00:J,  ^^■.,     Di'  la    Hi-pi  ,  iv.,  p.  15,  \c.. 


i  f   '!  I    f  I     \ 


HISTORY   OF  NinV   FKANCK. 


271 


and  iiKlncod  him  to  plan  tlic  dt'imtatioii  iilludtul  to.     Tlio        i^?. 
[iidiiiiis  of  Ills  distiii't  {■oiii])l;iiiH'd    at    ;dl    times,  of    tlio  "-'^•^-~^ 
dcariu'ss    of  our    floods,  wiiiidi   wore,  in  fact,  cxci'ssivcly    i>,iii,.y  (,f 
lii;^'li.     Ct'i'taiidy  iiotliin;,'  lias  doiu!  us  {^'loater  pi'fjudii'C!  in  a,'.'".,  >J',,','[u 
Canada,  ospcicially  in  tliosi-  critical  times,  than  disre;,'ai(l   *'"''"''^- 
to  conduct  that  moro  than  once  put  us  in  danger  of  seeing 
tlie  tribes,  whose  cominenv"  was  most  necessary  to  us,  pas3 
from  our  alliance  to  that  of  our  enemies. 

Till!  commandant  of  Michiliimackinac,  unaWo  of  himself 
to  remedy  this  evil,  of  which  better  than  any  other  man,  ho 
could  foresee  the  <hin^erous  (!onse(|neiices,  endeavored  to 
strike  the  (Joveinor-Creneral  and  Inteiidant  on  this  essen- 
tial point,  and  ob'igo  them  to  arrest  it.  Ho  suggested  to 
the  deputies,  >vhom  he  sent  to  Montreal  uikLu-  another  pro- 
text,  to  present  a  licit  to  ask  a  reduction  in  the  price  of 
goods,  and  insist  on  the  jioint,  as  one  which  they  were  de- 
termined not  to  give  up.  They  did  so,  and  even  went  ii 
little  further  than  la  Motto  Cadillac  inteudod  ;  tiny  ap- 
pc^ared  before  the  Count  do  Frontenac  as  men  who  pro- 
jiosed  peace  or  war  ;  and  on  oll'eiing  the  belt,  did  not  con- 
ceal their  intention  to  pursue  their  (jwii  ctjurse,  if  their  de- 
maiul  was  not  granted. 

Such  a  proposition,  made  with  a  menacing  air,  could  not    ,., 

'       '        .  U  liiit  oe- 

be  fas.irably  received,  a:id  the  belt  was  haughtily  rejecled.   ninvd tio- 

Tiie  treiu'ral  reiiroachcd  the   depiitii's,  as   their  insolence  .ii|im'hs  i.f 

desi'rved  ;  but  as  the  mover  of  the  plan   had   foreseen,  he  ;iii(l  Cuimt 

new  liow  to  mingle  with  liis  marks  ot  resentment,  expres-       „ar. 

sions  and   manners  which  disclosinl   more    kiiuhiess  than 

anger;  so  that  it  was  easy  for  the  Indians  to  uiiderst:ind 

that  tho  prices  of  the  goods  would  be  made  satisfactory. 

But  as  in  their  aihlress  they  had  used  expressions  to  con- 

ve}-  tho  idea  that,  irdepi'iident  of  this  coiisi(h'ration,  they 

were  not  over  anxious  t(j  continue  tho   w.ir,  the  Crcnoral 

evinced  great  compassion  (or  their  lilindness,  which  pro- 

voutod  their  seeing  their  true  interest. 

Ho  added  that  for  his  part  he  was  bent  on  c.irryiug  ou 

tho  war;  that  he  would  have  been  de'iglited  to  see  .all  his 

children  joiu  him  to  avougo  the  blood  of  so  many  of  their 


19  .  r 


r 


tv 


n 


'^ 


I 


272 


niSTOUY  OF  NEW  FUAN("E. 


il 


I 


ns 


i  k 


1695.  Vn-otliron  ;  Imt  that  lie  rcnlly  tlul  not  ncoil  tlioni  ;  tlmt  ho 
'-^^Y'"-'  could  not  pnnisli  thorn  for  their  indocihty,  bcUfr  than  l)y 
loiiviny  thoui  froo  to  do  as  they  pkisisod  ;  tliat  llicy  slioulil 
only  rcmombor  thf)  warning  ho  gave  tlicm,  that  tho  Iro- 
quois would  novor  havo  any  ]H)icy  couooruiuy  iiioiu,  except 
to  destroy  them,  and  that  oxporiouco  sliould  havo  tau^^ht 
tliem,  that  tlio  Irocpiois  Houj,'ht  to  seduce  theui  from  his 
alliance  only  to  bo  able  more  easily  to  ollbct  their  design. 
Firmness  so  well  seasoned,  astonished  tho  deputies,  and 
especially  set  the  Hunni  ohiif  thinking;  but  it  did  not 
make  him  break  tho  silenco  ho  iiad  hitherto  kept ;  ho  mere- 
ly said  that  ho  had  boon  entrusted  with  no  word  from  his 
nation  ;  that  he  simply  had  orders  to  hear  what  his  father. 
Ouonthio  might  say,  and  report  to  his  brethren.  The  Gener- 
al, however,  informed  of  all  his  iutriguiss,  told  him  that  dis- 
simulation was  listless  ;  that  ho  knew  and  did  not  fi.'ar  him. 
Meanwhile  the  Ottawas  and  Nipissings,  assured  do  Fron- 
tonac  that  they  had  no  part  in  anything  that  man  did  to  dis- 
please him,  and  the  latter  added  that  they  would  not  re- 
turn homo  ;  but  that  thoy  wore  resolved  to  remain  by  their 
Father  to  witness  tho  outori)rise  he  was  about  to  carry  out.' 
A  8inu  Some  time  bofovo,'  Mr.  le  iSueiir  brought  to  Montreal 
(ieiuiiirs  quite  a  large  convoy  from  the  western  end  of  Lake  Su- 
proicctioii.  pj^,j.jQp_  While  do  Frontenac  was  giving  orders  to  the  In- 
dians who  had  accompanied  him,  a  Siou  chief  approached 
him  with  a  very  sad  air,  laid  his  hands  on  his  knees,  and  with 
streaming  eyes,  begged  him  to  take  pity  on  him  ;  that  all 
tho  other  nations  had  their  Father,  and  that  ho  alouo 
was  like  a  forsaken  child.  He  then  si)read  out  a  beaver 
skin  on  which  he  arranged  twenty-two  arrows,  and  taking 
them  one  after  another,  he  named  for  each  a  village  of  his 
nation  and  asked  the  general  to  take  them  all  under  his 
protection.  This  tho  Count  do  Frontenac  promised ;  but 
since  that  time  no  means  havo  been  taken  to  retain 
the  people   in  our    alliance.      Nevertheless    considerable 


'  N.  V.  (.'ol.  1»(K-..  ix,  ]i,  (i:;i-2  Of    la   I'.jlli.'rii'.   iv..    p.    32. 

'  ThiH  wan  July  18.     lb.,  p.  (ilU  :    tiioux  chief  was  TiuHkatin. 


The 


h 


niSTOHY   OF   NKW  KUANCK. 


273 


l»>iithor  and  wool   mi-^lit  bo  dtiivwl  from  thorn,  tlio  vast     i^";?. 

plains  whieh  they  inhabit  bum-  l-ovoiihI  witli  tho  cattlo  < ' 

uhoady  moro  than  onoo  dosciiboil' 

Moanwhilo  tliu  En^'lisli,  suro  of    tho  Iroiiuois  and    n-- 
liovod   from   idl   foars  as  to   New  York,  had    onoo  movo  „'',','.'; i'',!;  ,'r)„ 
luado  it  their  wiiolo  study  to  smliu-o  from  us  tho  tribes  in  ,„t;';u,l"'l'i,.. 
Acadia.     Sevou  Abon.niuis  having  gono  to  ri;mkuit  with  '^''^"■"i  ''■•• 
u  Hag  of  tnioo  woro  arrostod :  throo  woru  taken  prisoners 
to  IJoston,  and  tho  four  otiiers  were  butchered  on  the  way.' 
rhips  had  rocuutly  died  in  England,'  and    no  successor 
had  been     appointed.     Uuo  Stoughton     commanded     in 
New   England  under  a    simple  commission."     Erom  him 
tho    Abeuacjuis    ilomamled     their     counrynieu     arrested 
against  tho  law  of    nations,  and    tho  Hag  vvhich  sIkhiUI 
have   proved  a  safeguard  ;    ho    replied    only  by  furious 
reproaches  as  to  their  last  hostilities,  and  he  added  tho 
most    terrible   threats,    if    they    did    not    surrender    all 
those  concerned  in  them. 

They  replied    in  a  similar     tone;'     nevertheless     both 
sides  grew  calmer;  Stoughton  not  wishing  to  exasperate 


'  Lo  Sueur  wu nt  up  to  thy  Sioux 
CDuntry  from  IvouiBiaua,  in  l(J!i'J- 
ITUO.  1,11  llurpt*.  Journal  Ilititoriiiuc, 
I).  38,  Early  Voyugi-u  up  iind  down 
till'  Missiswippi,  ii.  s'J  ;  Penicuul,  Ue- 
lation,  MSS.cli.  ii.,  §  1,  ch.  iii.,  c;'  1, 
2.  Le  Sueur  wan  a  kintjuiiin  of 
dibervillf,  aud  wan  at  IJlifgoiniegon 
in  l(i!):J.  ill!  returned  lo  France  in 
170J,  and  died  on  Lin  way  l>uck  to 
Louisiana,  La  Harpe,  p.  21.  Fa- 
tlier  Ouiguaa  iicconipanied  unot'.icr 
French  party  to  the  Sioux  country  in 
1728.     Early  Voyages,  p.  U!r. 

The  extended  use  of  \nxt\  of  the 
bisoQ  waH  alBoouu  of  La  Sulle'ei  pro- 
jects. 

■■'  They  were  killed  at  Saco.  Re- 
lation, 4c.,  1094-.').  N,  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
Jx.,  p.  Ol;j  ;  De  la  Potherie,  Uigtoire 
de  lAmerique  Sept.,  iv.,  p.  3l>- 
40. 


^HediedFeh.  is,  ii;i».-),  llutcU- 
innon,  lli.st.  .\Itt»«icliu.s(tis,  ii.,  ;>.  ,sl. 
cites  a  h-tler  of  .lolin  I'ike  to  tho 
(ioverniir.  l'einiii|ui(l.  .Iiiri.  7,  l(i',)l, 
(V'O  unrriiting  the  nei/uri'  of  Honia- 
zeeu  aud  othriH  al  l'iiimc|uicl  noon 
after  the  iitiiiirn  al  (frulou  aud  Oyster 
river,  llutcliinniin  says  hecouldfind 
nothing  as  to  any  killed  at  Saco. 

'  NVilliain  Sloughlon,  n<pu  of  Col. 
Urael  Stougliton,(:<iiuinaiidiT  in  tho 
l'e(|Uot  war.  Hi'  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard,  and  wan  a  cliTgyuiau  in 
Kngland.  llr  came  to  New  Kng- 
laiid  in  lOOJ,  and  becaine  a  iiiagis- 
trate.  councillor,  chief  juntice,  and 
in  l(i!W  lieutenaut  governor,  adiuin- 
intering  as  surli  from  KIDl  to  KiUU, 
Ileilieil  ,Inly  7,   1701. 

'  Mee  this  correnjioudfiice,  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  ix  ,  p.  Oil ;  Do  lal'otherie, 
iv.,  p.  40-2,  Jan.  21,  1G95. 


ij 


Ii 
I 


^!l 


I 


'■«• 


I 


•f  ' 


I        1 1' 


1-h 


They  ro- 

Kolvi^  on 


lliSTOUY    or   NKW    lltANCK. 

utterly  nioii,  w)i<»  could  inspire  fear,  ami  tlii-y,  willing  on 
any  tnius  to  rescue  their  kiiisnieii  from  the  hands  of 
the  Englisii,  fully  resolved,  after  succeeding  in  this,  to 
nvengo  the  Mood  of  those  Ixitchorod.  But  loiirning  that 
tho  English  while  negotiating  wen*  actually  taking  steps 
to  Huri)rise  them,  they  Hew  to  arms. 
They  were  nevertheless  still  convinced  that  their  enemies 
vcnjfiiiucu.  y^.^,y^,  musters  at  soa,  and  that  tho  French  durst  not  ajjpear 
before  them.  Tlijs  consideration  arrested  tiieni ;  imt  the  ar- 
rival of  a  royal  vessel'  commanded  Ity  de  IJonaventure,  who 
umdo  several  captures  on  the  neighl)oring  coast,  and  liie 
presents  which  that  ollicer  handed  them  in  his  Majesty's 
nurau,  disabused  them,  and  made  them  resolve  to  do  tiie 
English  all  tlio  injury  they  could.  Wo  shall  soo  in  the 
following  hook  how  tiiey  earritul  this  out. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year  there  was  every  reason  to 
boliovo  that  a  considerable  armament  was  preparing  in 
England  and  at  Boston,  intended  for  Newfoundland.  Pla- 
coutia  was  in  a  wretched  position,  and  do  Frontenac  con- 
jointly with  de  Cliampigny  represented  to  the  Minister 
that  the  loss  of  that  place  would  entail  great  embarrass- 
•uui  ^  in  tho  negotiations  for  peace  which  wore  likely  to 
-.uionce  soon. 
KronKnac  Tlicso  gentlemen  then  proposed  that  iu  tho  spring  ten 
piuiiv  pro-  or  twelve  men  of  war  should  leave  the  ports  of  Franco  to 
engage  the  English  s(juadron,  which  was  to  go  to  sea  about 
the  saiU(!  time,  and  then  i)rocecd  to  capture  Boston.  Tlu^y 
represented  that  that  city  carried  on  an  extensive  trade, 
aud  that  once  mast(>rs  of  it,  wo  would  absolutely  control 
all  tho  tisheries.  Tiiis  was  a  very  liue  project,  aud  nioro 
easy  to  l)e  carri(!d  out  than  was  supposed  in  France  ;  but 
the  King  had  other  views,  and  men  were  not  as  well  in- 
formed in  France  as  they  were  in  Canada,  of  tho  importance 
of  weakening  tho  English  power  on  tho  coutiiieut  of  North 
Amoi'ica. 

'  Till'  Eiivirux  at  l'<;ntnfroi"'t,  N.  tin'   St.  .lolin's.  .ind   liondlcd  it  so 

Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  (ilT,  Dclii  Pothc-  roUf,'hly  tlint  Euuis  whh  j^lud  to  va 

rie,  iv  ,  p.  47.    Hi' entingi^J  tlii>  ISnr-  cii\iv  to   Uoston.     UutcliiusuD,  Hia 

linjrs,  C'npt.  Earns,  at  the  nioutb  of  tory  of  MaeeachuBt-ttB,  p.  87. 


iitliick 
Bustuii. 


f  ^ 


I 


iiisrouv  i)    Ni:.V    m:amk 


'J<J 


His   MajoHty's   couiicil  m'c<)nliiii,'l\-  liinitnl  il-<   imij cIh      i'.;  ■ 
for  tho  onsuiiif^  (■iiiu|)iii;4U  to  cxpclliir^   tlio   I'ii;,'lisli   I'lom    '— ,  — ' 

tho  postH  occupioil  by  tlioin  in  NV\vf«»iiiitIliui(l,  from  Fort   ,,|., , ,,, 

roiulvuit,  l)y  which  Uusy  kispt  all   Acadiu  in  check;  ,hkI '""yM; ''-.'" 
from  all  llicy  hail  left   Hiiilson's  Hay.     Tho  Pomknil   ex-      !•''••  • 
poilitiou  was,  it  seems,  to  be  mado  at  tho  Kiu^^'s  oxponso  ; 
niitl  tho  two  others  at  tho  oxpoiiso  of  tho  Northern   Com- 
pany.    It  is  certain  that  his  Majt-sty  committod  tho  first 
to  (I'lberviilo,  and  ile  Bonaventun-. 

As  early  as  Fel)niary,  orders  were  siMit  to  >[r.  l$oj,'ou, 
Intondant  of  Kochellts  to  eijuip  at  llochofort  tho  Envioux 
nnd  Profond,  and  the  instrnctions  fjivt^n  to  the  two  com- 
mandants dirocteil,  after  rodueiiij,'  Fort  Pemknit,  to  raze  it 
to  tho  t,'round.  and  tiien  proceed  to  restore  tho  fort  at  tho 
month  of  tho  St  John's;  tiieiico  to  dispa'ch  do  SeriL^ny 
with  tho  Draf^cm.commaudtd  by  him,  to  the  head  of  Hnd- 
sou's  Bay,  while  they  proceede<l  to  Nowfouadland,  there 
to  join  several  vessels  from  St.  Malo,  which  would  In*  there 
awaiting' him,  and  all,  in  (-onctirt  with  Mr.  do  Bronilhiri, 
Oovoruorof  Placontia,  attacked  tho  English  by  land  and 
by  sea.  Wo  shall  see  in  its  proper  place  the  succoss  of 
those  various  expeditions. 

In  regard  to  tho  Iroquois  war,  tho  count  do  Pontchartriiin    ^^'}y}*  "m 
thus  wrote  to  tho  Governor  General  and  Intondant  in  th"  tiiomjiit  of 

tliclidinKiU 

montii  of  May,  lt'>9<5 :  "  It  seems  to  his  Majesty  that  tlu!  war. 
Inupiois  war,  especially  in  these  later  limes,  has  had  no  '^'9^'- 
cause  except  a  jealousy  of  th<'  commerce;  with  the  upper 
tribes,  and  with  New  York  ;  their  position  ^'ivinj,'  tiuiii  a 
great  advantaj^e  ft)r  botli.  He  uNo  thinks  that  tin;  aliena- 
tion of  tho  Ottawas  and  other  tribes  of  tlioso  remote  ((uar- 
ters  sj)rings  from  the  fact  that  tho  French  by  their  ex 
tended  excursions  into  tlie  interior  have  usurped  tho 
trade,  which  those  tribes  had  witli  tlio  others  lyin;,'  fur- 
ther north,  ami  that,  in  fine,  bushlopinfj;  more  unbridled 
than  ever,  in  spite  of  prol-ibitions,  is  tlie  source  of  all  tho 
troubles  of  the  colony,  and  has  ^'iven  ri.se  toestablisliments 
which,  by  dividing,  scatter  it  and  defeat  the  views  en- 
tertained by  his  Majesty  for  reuniting  and  encouraging  the 
colonists  iu  agriculture." 


Hi 
'r 


',?, 


I 

til 


27t) 


IIISTOKY  OF  Ni:\V  FKANf'F 


/' 


I 


i 


V 

r 


•u  I 


i'x/k  T\u)  ininisttT  luMs  tliiit  tlio  Kiii^',  after  coiisi.lcriii;^'  tli'»  ro- 
"'■^'""^  jMirt  of  ill*  FroutoiKU!  iiiul  dn  ('liiiiu|iij^'ny  <>ii  Hn'  mifiivor- 
iililo  tlispositioa  of  our  iilli<vH  ami  tin?  (litliciillii's  of  iiii  f\- 
cosrtivo  (ixpoiiHo  for  coimuuuu'iitiou  with  thoin  on  iicirouiit  of 
tlio  wnr,  liml  resolvt-d,  \)\  tlio  iulvicoof  tln'  most  cxiu  riciiciMl 
persons,  to  iil)iUiiloii  Mifliilliniiu-kiiiiic  and  tlie  other  ad- 
vanceil  posts,  excojit  l''orl  ih'  8l.  Louis  in  tht)  llhnois,  wiiieh 
tlie  Kill},'  wislieil  niaintiiini'd,  on  condition  that  tho  Sii'UiH 
de  lii  Fovi  t  and  Tonti,  to  whom  iio  rosorvod  tho  conees- 
hion,  should  not  briuL;  or  causo  to  bo  l)rou;4ht  any  heaver  in- 
to tho  c'oh)ny.' 

I  have  been  unabhi  to  ascertain  on  whoso  advice  tlio 
Kiiif^'s  eouneil  adopted  tiiis  resohition.  Tho  oxcursions  of 
the  Canadians  into  now  countries  certainly  mined  tho 
commcrco  of  Now  Trance,  introduced  fearful  libertinaj^'e, 
rendered  the  nation  contemptible  amonj^  all  tho  tribes  on 
the  continent,  and  raised  au  iusurmountablo  obstacle  to  tho 
l)ro;,'ress  of  reli;^'ion.  Still  the  romodies  which  his  Majesty 
seu.^ht  to  apply,  were  utterly  imi>racticablo  in  tho  actual 
position  of  th(!  colony,  since  it  is  ctu'tain  that  the  Euj^lisii 
would  have  seized  tin*  advanced  posts  as  sooii  as  we  evacu- 
ated them,  auil  we  sl.ould  thus  at  ouco  have  as  euomios  all 
tho  tribes  f;athere  1  near  tho  posts  by  our  intluonco.  Now  if 
those  tribes  onci!  joined  the  Iroipiois  and  En^dish,  one 
siiif^lo  campaign  would  suffice  to  expel  tho  Frouch  from 
Now  Franco. 
On  tho  other  hand,  Frontenac  was  at  last  convinced  of 
«)iii;iiHi<M  til,;  indisi)ensable  uecossity  of  makin''  an  oll'ort  to  subduo 
towMKtd  US.  tho  Iroipiois.  Ho  had  especially  seen  this  in  tho  disi)o- 
sitiou  evinced  b}'  tlie  Iroipiois  at  the  last  :uidienco  ho  liad 
given  them;  but  what  completely  decided  hhu  to  show 
himself  in.  tho  cantons  with  all  his  forces,  was  tho  intilli- 
genco  which  came  in  from  all  ([uarters,  of  tho  bad  imjires- 
sion  produced  evtn'ywhere  by  the  inaction  of  tho  French,  iu 
spite  of  tho  hopes  with  which  he  had  so  long  cajoled  his 
allies,  of  a  groat  oxpoditiou  against  tho  common  foo. 


'  Ijoiiis  XIV.   to  Fronu-nac  and    Yurk  Colonial    Docum'.'utB,    ix.,   p. 
("lmiii|i{j:iiy,    \l;iv    'ill,    UiUii.   NfW    6o7. 


■I     ■. 


'■  i 


V 


IllSTOUY  OK  NKW  KKANCK. 


TluH  nisoliitioii  iul()|itci],  |i('  notified  the  (•oiiuimiKlaiit  (t(  i'"y'' 
Micliilliiimkiimc  liy  u  Frt'iuiliiimii,  whom  lu(  Hciit  up  with  ■— >  — ' 
tlio  Ottiiwii  ilopiitifH  wlioii  ii'tuniin^  homo.  This  I'uvoy 
foiiiKl  tli(!  HiiMir  (1(1  hi  Mott(»  Cudilliu;  in  f^'icat  (lillioulty. 
liiKluois  iimhiissadors  liad  Ixiin  nu-civ^d  by  tlio  Iiidiiiiis  of 
hin  post,  and  hud  olitiiiucd  from  thisin  nil  tliny  di'sircd. 
Thin  cumo  of  tho  Huron's  iiitrif^nios.  Not  only  had  they 
fonchidcd  u  treaty  with  tlio  Jiiirons  and  Ottawas,  but  had 
also  induced  lliem  to  join  our  onemics  to  make  war  on  us. 

In  vain  did  la  .Molti  Cadiliai;  exert  himself  to  obtain  ad-    Mr,  .ic  u 
niissi(m  to  their  oonfereuccs  ;  but  Uua»k(',  chief  of  tho  Kis-    , ^'I'l'i |'^,, 
kakon  Ottawas,  had  informed  him  of  all  that  had  passed.  {',','!";v,h"J,'', 
Tliere  was  notiiiii-'  to  do  liiil  to  disconcert  these  intriuues,   •"■'k''  w^ir 
but  this  became  still  more  dillicult  idler  the  return  of  tho    Ir'"i"'»ii. 
deputies  who  had  bueu  at  Montreal,  and  durin^^  whose  ab- 
Honeu  all  this  had  been  plotted.    On  arrivinf^,  hcso  deputies 
announced  that  all  the  French  were  dead;  this  is  a  com- 
mon expression  with  the  Indians,  to  mean  that  everythinj^ 
is  desporatt'.     They  declared,  in  particular,  that  wa  durst 
not  appear  at  sea,  that  wo  had  neither  wine   uor  brauily, 
aiid  that  they  came  back  in  tho  very  shirts  they   had  worn 
to  Montreal,  Onouthio  not  beiny  in  a  ptjsitiou  to  givo  them 
others.' 

In  this  extremity  la  Motto  Cadillac  was  not  disconcerted  ; 
the  Frenchman  who  had  accompjinied  tho  deputies  having 
handed  him  l(>ttors  from  the  (rovernor  (ieneral,  informing 
him  of  the  various  advantages  recently  gaincil  by  our  men 
over  the  Iroijuois,  he  made  tho  very  most  of  them,  es- 
pecially of  hi  Durantaye's  action  n(;ar  Douchervillc.  IIo 
then  ded.ired  thitt  in  spite  of  the  scarcity  of  goods,  caused 
hy  tiie  delay  of  the  vessels  from  France,  which  hud  laieii 
prevented  by  head  winds,  and  not  by  any  fear  of  the  En- 
glish, from  arriving  as  early  as  usual,  ho  would  givo  all  that 
was  left  in  his  stores,  at  tho  same  prices  that  thoy  had 
always  brought,  and  would  even  allow  them  credit. 

This  oiler  had  a  very  good  ell'ect ;  Oaask(''   and    somo 


t  ( 


J.' 


;,-). 


iz.,  p. 


'  Itolation,  &c.,  160.V0,  N.  Y.  Col ,  Dm-,  is.,  p.  044. 


,:? 


V, 


if' 


it 


^  >y 


'  1 

■■        i 


278 
1 69^. 


Defeat  of 

Iroijimis. 


IIIHTORY  uV  MA\    FliANtK. 

otlior  ciniMfmricH  of  11  c  foimimiMlaiit  ])r<>filt'(l  liv  it  to  op  u 
IIk^  eves  of  tilt'  most  cXfitcd,  to  tlm  ('oiihci|||('IIC4'S  of  thi) 
Hti'p  tlu'V  liii'l  just  tiikcn,  ami  whoii  tlm  Siciir  ilo  l:i  Mottn 
('julilhic  Hiiw  tliciii  wiivcr  ho  iiHscinlilcil  tlioiii.  \lo  told 
tlii-m  tlmt  IiDWcvcr  littlo  tlicv  rttli'ctcd  rn  nil  tliiit  had  oc- 
curred siiici'  hi'  hiid  hciii  miioiij^  tht'iri,  thtiy  would  sci'  Hint 
it  was  not  lii>  who  hud  (h*t'i'ivt«d  tln'iu,  nn  th«>y  liiid  t-oni- 
liliiiiicd  ill  iiiiniciisnn'd  tonus;  liiit  th.it  thi\v  had  ht  tvil- 
iiiiiidt'd  iiitMi,  whom  tlicy  oii<,dit  to  distrust,  scdun'  tiiciii. 

As  Im  perceived  that  this  reproach  touched  them,  Im 
deemed  it  useless  to  inaku  them  a  Ioniser  a<ldress,  and 
without  K'^'"';->  tlieiu  time  to  consult,  he  proposed  to  them 
to  send  out  several  parties  aijainst  the  Iroipiois,  who  were 
actually  hunting'  with  the  lliiroiis  and  some  Ottawiis. 
Such  is  the  deplorahle  condition  of  those,  who  liave  to 
Rovurn  Hrtvaf,'es  without  faith  or  principles  of  honor,  never 
to  rely  ontheir  word,  and  often  to  seo  no  otlior  means  to 
avoid  heiiit^  victi'iis  of  their  porlidy,  than  their  very  facili- 
ty ill  i)etrayiiiL{  tlieir  oath,  from  no  motive  liut  their  natur- 
al tickleiioss.  The  Ottawas  had  just  violated  tho  faith  thoy 
had  so  often  sworn  to  us,  new  oaths  had  bound  them  to 
tho  Iroipiois,  and  thoy  becamo  their  cuomios  again  on  tbo 
si)ot. 

Sc.ircely  had  la  Motto  Cadillac  coasod  speaking  when 
(liiaske,  Ouilamek,  a  Pcmteouatami  chief  and  an  Algoiupiin 
named  Alikinac,  having  declared  themselves  chiefs  of  tho 
expedition,  they  soon  gatheri'd  a  consichu'ablo  body  of 
warriors.  Some  Hurons  at  onco  hastened  to  warn  the  Iro- 
quois, who  at  tirst  took  Hight,  but  our  braves  woro  so  ex- 
peditious that  they  overtook  tliem.  They  fought  fiercely  on 
the  banks  of  a  river ;  but  the  Iroijuois  wen?  at  last  forced 
to  omhtavor  to  escape  by  swimming.  The  victors  brought 
back  thirty  scalps  to  Mieliillimakinac,  and  lert  in  thirty-two 
prisoners  with  a  booty  of  about  tive  hundred  beaver  skins. 
Among  the  prisoners  were  many  Hurons.  These  wero 
handed  over  to  their  nation,  wlio  seemed  aUected  by  this 
cousidoration.' 


'  Ui'lation,  &c.,  1095-^,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  040. 


H 


i  '  ;i 


HIHT  OHY  (tFNi;W   rit\N(E 

Aftnr  tliiH  Hi>,'iiiil  l)lt>w  tlmro  wiih  ho  fciir  i»f  iiuy  nrranjro- 
iiiKiit,  lit  loiiHt  for  tlitt  iiioiii(<nt,  l)i>twi'('ii  tlio  ()tt;i\viiH  ami  ^ 
till'  lr()(|UoiHor  tlio  Kii^^lisli,  wlm  wi'ni  tlin  loscix  liy  tln' ,,^ 
raplini'  of.tlin  booty,  tlitty  liiiviM;^  inlvaiu'otl  j^ooils  to  tin*  "' 
Ii-oquoiH,  who  wiTo  to  ^ivo  tluiii  llir  in'oi'i-i'tlsof  tlii'ir  limit. 
Homo  timo  lifter,  d'Aij^ciitmiil  iirriveil  at  Mii'liilliiiiiickiiiiic 
from  Moutreiil,  with  tiiliii^,'s  of  l-'roiitidiiii-'s  (,'ifiit  pii'itiini- 
tioiiN  to  ^o  iiiul  iittiu'k  till'  Ii'o(|iiois  ill  their  own  coiiiitry.  Do 
III  MottiiCadilliiciiiviti'd  the  Indians  to  join  thfir  FalluT;  luit 
lin  inforiiiiMl  tlunu  that  hu  luadu  this  invitation  on  his  own 
ri'spoiisihility,  having  rmtoivcd  no  orders  from  his  j^eimral. 
On.iski'  fust  (U'claird  that  ho  would  j,'o  and  fi^lit  undor 
Ononthio's  haiim  r,  and  for  sonio  tiiiio  tho  ouiiiiiiandiiiit 
thittorod  hinisolf  that  a  body  of  four  hiiiidrod  warriors 
would  go  to  swoU  tho  French  army  ;  but  various  iiicidoiitH 
broke  up  all  his  nieasures  ;  and  there  was  evi-ry  rt'asou  to 
believe  that  tho  Huroiis  had  diverted  this  blow,  out  of  ro- 
ven^^o  for  tho  injury  iloiio  tluuu  at  tho  defeat  of  tho  Iro- 
quois.' 


ifti/i. 


ill-r.|l|in. 

lU'fcut. 


'  Itolntloii,  l(ill5-il,  N.  V.Cdl.  Duc.ix.,  p.  (il8. 


I 


h 


!» 


'I 


B  ■ 

'ii' 


-«^!»" 


,  if: 


hk 


1 


11 


^^ 


;f      ihl 


li 


APPENDIX. 


i,  i 


f 

1                                                                '         '* 

f                                ■    i 

(•, 


\^^ 


M         t 


1  ■ 


^li. 


u! 


tN 


s 


DETAILS   OX   THE   LIFE   AND   DEATH   OF 
SOME  INDIAN  CHRISTIANS. 


I  HAVE  judged  it  impossible  to  close  this  volume  better  than  by  making 
Known  to  those  sincerely  interested  in  the  triumph  uf  religion,  to  what  a 
degree  of  sanctity,  grace  can,  in  the  \ery  centre  of  barbarism,  elevate  the 
souls  that  are  faithful  to  it.  Only  a  few  are  selected,  but  they  will  suf- 
fice to  disabuse  readers  who  are  in  good  faith,  but  have  allowed  them- 
selves to  be  easily  prejudiced  against  these  Indian  missions  ;  to  con- 
found sinners  who  have  not  courage  to  burst  the  fetters  at  which  they 
blush,  if  they  have  still  any  religious  principle  ;  and  to  make  the  true 
faithful  exalt  the  mercies  of  the  Lord. 


I 


CATHARINE  TEGAHKOUITA. 


AN   IKOQUOIS  VIRGIN.' 


New  France  has  had  her  apostles  and  martyrs,  and  has  given  the 
cluirch  saints  in  all  conditions,  and  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  they 
would  have  done  honor  to  the  primitive  ages  of  Christianity.  Several  I 
have  made  known  so  far  as  the  coiu'se  of  this  histoiy  permitted  me.  The 
lives  of  some  have  been  published ;  but  God,  who  exalted  his  glory 
during  their  life-time  by  the  great  things  which  he  eflectcd  through 
them  ;  by  the  lustre  which  their  sanctity  has  diffused  over  this  vast  con- 
tinent ;  by  the  courage  which  ho  inspired  them  to  found  with  untold  toil 


'  This  lif«  is  drawn  Crom  that  by  Father 
\Mvi  Ch()lcu"c,  (born  July  29,  1040 ; 
died  at  Qui'btc,  Oct.  13,  172;i,)  in  the  Let- 
tres  Eilifiantes,  vol.  sii.,  (Paris,  1717.) 
Ki\)'8  Ji'suit  Missions,  pp,  81-11(5.  The 
source  \vat>  n  more  extended  bi<igra])hy, 
"  La  Vie  de  la  B  Catharine  Tegakouita, 
dicie  a  i)resent  la  Saincte   Sauvagesse," 


still  in  manuscript,  written  in  1G9.'),  by 
Father  Claude  Chauchetiere,  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Aquitaiue,  who  came  out  to  the 
Canada  mission  in  1077,  and  died  at  Que- 
bec Apr.  17,  1709.  He  also  from  memory 
painted  her  portrait,  often  since  copied, 
and  published  in  the  Lettres  EdifianteB, 
and  in  La  Potherio. 


■!■' 


ij  ■'![.'¥*! 


l-l 


i,i  ■• 


284 


IllS'l'OUV   Ol'  NEW  FHANl'E 


I  •  , 


n\ 


'f' 


a  new  Cliristoiuloiu  auiiil  tlio  most  f-arfiil  li;irl):irisiii,  luid  to  coiiu'ut  iu 
with  their  bhjoil,  choso  uoim  of  thiina  to  disphiy  on  their  tDiuljH,  iill  thu 
riehcH  of  his  powor  Mini  nicroy  ;  but  fMiif/rrod  tlii.s  honor  on  a  young 
uoopliyto,  iihuo.st  unknown  to  thu  wliolo  country  duriny  her  hfe.  For 
iiioro  thiin  sixty  years  Hho  hivH  been  reffurtlud  as  the  Protectress  of  Ciiuad.a, 
and  it  has  been  impossible  to  oppose  a  kind  of  ciiHm  publicly  rendered 
to  lior.' 

This  holy  virrjin,  so  cclcbriitod  under  the  name  of  Catharine  Tegah- 
kouita,-'  was  born  iu  lO.Ki  at  (landidiouague,  a  town  in  tho  Mohawk 
canton,^  of  a  lieatlien  Iroipaois  father  and  a  Christian  Algonquin  mother. 
She  lost  her  motlii^r  at  t!ie  ago  of  four,  and  was  still  (piite  J'oung  whot 
her  father  died,  leaving  her  to  tho  caro  of  one  of  her  aunts,  and 
under  tho  control  of  an  uncle  who  had  tho  chief  authority  in  his  village. 
Tho  small  pox  wliich  she  had  in  her  infancy  having  weakeneil  her  sight, 
she  was  long  coinpoUod  as  it  wore  to  remain  in  the  corner  of  a  cabin,  lior 
eye.i  being  unable  to  stand  tho  light,  and  this  ri;tiremenl  was  tho  lii'st 
source  of  hur  h.ippiness.  What  she  did  at  lirst  fi'om  necessity,  she  con- 
tinued to  d  )  IVoui  ouoico,  thereby  avoiding  whatever  could  cause  hor  to 
los>!  that  mjral  parity  so  dilliciilt  to  prosorvo  amid  idolatrous  and  thou 
very  dissolute  youth. 

As  soou  as  she  saw  herself  of  age  to  act,  she  took  on  herself  almost  all 
tho  toil  of  thu  household  ;  and  this  shielded  iiur  from  two  dangers,  fatal 
to  most  Indian  girls  ;  I  mean,  private  conversations  and  idleness.  Her 
relatives  however  wished  her  to  usj  tho  decorations  common  to  young 
persons  of  hor  sex,  and  altiiough  slie  yielded  from  simple  compliance  with 
Ihiiir  wishes,  and  with  all  possil)l(i  r.^pu^n unite,  it  was  a  matter  of  much 
scruple  to  hor,  when,  favored  by  tho  light  of  faith,  she  learned  how  dan- 
gerous it  is  to  seek  to  please  men.-' 

The  first  knowledge  that  she  acquired  of  Christianity,  was  imparted 
by  some  misssionaries  sent  to  tho  Iro(p;ois  afttn-  Mr.  do  Trac3''s  expedition. 
On  their  way  they  passed  through  the  town   wliere   she  lived'  and  wore 


r 


'  As  to  this  gcmeral  veneration  of  C'ath-  ■*  Cluiuclii'tiere,  Vie,  cli.  iii.,  enters  into 

aiine'l"i>>riililiimiia,Bee  theMSS.  ef  lieniy,  details   ou  lu.'r  r-kill  iu   nteille-work,  and 

run' of  La  t'liiu';  Uialiop  de  St  Valicr,  tlie  orimm  .iital  work  iloue   by  Indian  wn- 

Ht;it    l'resi"it.  (llJSS,)    pp.    48-9;  Uo    la  men,  as  will  as  en  her  clieerl'ulnesa. 

I'otherio,  (1  (:JJ)     i.,  p.  a57.  ■■  Tiiese  missiDnaries  were  Freniin,  Urii- 

'  Tlie   nuui-  Toi^alikouita  means  "wlio  ya-s,  and   I'ierron.     Tliey   reached  CaUijIi- 

putB  tiling.-^  ill  order"     (Marcouxjaud  is  uawiij^a  in   August  KiiiT.      Auto.  voL    iii. 

itill  in  use  111  I'aughnawagii.  p.  lO'J.     itelatiim,  KiUS,  p  'i-(J. 

"  .'^ce  aute,  vol.  ii.,  j>.  14(5,  n. 


•    r  I  / 


mSTOliV  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


28.'] 


recL'ivc'tl  at  lior  cabin.  She  was  appoiiituil  to  tak<!  care  of  them,  and 
waited  on  theiu  in  a  niiiuuor  that  Hurprisoil  them.  Slic  had  herself,  on 
hchohlin;^'  theiu,  been  moved  by  an  impulse  that  e.\cited  scntimeuts  in  her 
heart,  regarded  bubse(iiniitly  Ijy  her  as  the  first  sparivs  of  tlie  iieavenly 
fire,  by  which  she  was  iu  the  Hetniel  ho  compk'tely  inllamed.  The,  fervor 
nud  recollection  of  thoso  reli^^imis  in  their  devotions,  inspinnl  her  with 
the  desire  of  prayin^;  with  them,  and  .«hu  iuformeil  tlu'in  of  it.  They  un- 
derstood nnieh  more  tliaii  she  oxi)rusHed  ;  they  instructed  lior  in  tho 
Christian  truth,  as  far  as  the  short  stay  which  they  made  in  that  town 
permitted  tliem,  and  left  hor  with  a  re;^'ret  that  on  her  side  was  heartily 
rocijjroeated.  Si>mu  time  after,  a  match  was  projtosed  to  her  ;  as  sho 
showed  strouL?  opposition,  her  relatives  did  n(jt  press  it  ;  but  they  soon 
returned  to  the  crharyi;,  and  to  sav(^  thnmselvcs  the  trouble  of  overcoming 
her  resistance;,  they,  without  nn'ntioiang  it  to  her,  betrothetl  her  to  a 
young  man,  who  at  once  went  to  her  cabin  and  sat  down  beside  Ler.  To 
ratify  the  marriagi;,  it  only  HMiuired  that  she  should  remain  near  tho  hus- 
band selected  for  her,  such  be  ing  the  way  of  the.so  tribes;'  but  she  abruptly 
left  till'  cabin,  and  protested  that  she  would  n  )t  return  till  he  withdrew. 
This  conduct  drew  on  her  much  ill  treatmeut,  which  sho  endured  with 
unalterable  patience.  She  waa  more  sensiiyc  to  the  reproach  made  that 
she  had  no  allection  for  her  kin<lred,  that  sho  hated  her  triije,  and  gave 
all  her  attachment  to  that  to  whiija  her  mother  belonged.  Nothing  how- 
ever could  overc(jme  her  rejjugnanco  for  tho  state  of  life  iu  which  they 
sought  to  involve  her. 

Meanwhili,'  Father  James  do  Lamberville  arrived  at  Gandahouhaguo,'^ 
with  orders  to  found  a  mission  there.  Tegahkouita  them  felt  her  former 
desires  to  become  a  Clirisliiui  revive  :  but  she  was  still  for  souki  timo 
without  mentioning  it,  (nther  from  respect  to  her  uncle,  wh  >  did  not 
relish  our  religion,  or  from  i)ure  timidity.  At  last  an  oiiiiovtuuity  eamo 
for  avowing  her  conviction,  and  she  was  not  wanting.  .V  wnuud  iu  tho 
foot  W'hich  sh(!  had  received,  ki'pt  her  in  the  cabi'i,  whih;  all  the  other 
women  were  busy  harvestuig  the  Indian  corn.  Fatln'r  de  Lamberville, 
compelled  to  suspend  liis  pul)lic  instructions,  which  no  one  would  attend, 
took  this  time  to  visit  the  cabins,  and  instruct  those  whom  age  or  infir- 
mity retained  there.  One  day  he  entered  that  where  Tegahkouita 
was.^ 

Unable  to  dissemble  tlu;  joy  which  this  visit  caustid   her,  she  did  not 

'  Liifitau,  >ra;urs  dcH  Siuivages,  i.,  ]>.  iiK'iitioiiiil  iiiojinK'ctioii  witli  this  miiaion 
.'lOO.     De  111  I'otlierie,  iii.,  \).  11.  in  the  Ktiit  I'rwuut,  lOT."). 

■' ratliir  JiiiiH's  (le  l,iuiil)i  rville  is  Ihvl         -^  CluiuclicrnTe,  vio,  cU,  0. 


h 
I' 

I 

1 

I 


h 


if. 

m 


t 


,1 


286 


I1I8TOUV   OF  NHVV  FUANCE. 


I' 


^1,    • 


hesitate  to  open  her  iiiiiul  to  the  miHsionarj'  in  tbo  presenco  of  two  or 
tlifoc  women,  who  wv\v  in  company  with  her,  on  her  desirfn  of  embracing 
Christianity.  She  added  that  shi'  would  liavo  yroat  oljstaeles  to  over- 
come, but  that  notliing  appalled  her.  The  energy  with  which  she  spoke, 
the  conraj^o  she  displayed,  a  certain  modest  yet  resolute  air,  that  liyhte<l 
up  her  countenance,  at  once  told  the  missionary  that  his  new  proselyte 
would  not  be  an  (H'diuary  Oiiristian.  He  accordingly  carefully  taught 
her  many  things,  which  he  did  not  explain  to  all  pi'eparing  for  baptism. 
God  doubtless  infuses  into  hearts,  of  which  he  has  especiidly  reserved 
possession,  a  sort  of  pun^ly  spiritual  sympathy,  forming  even  in  this 
life  the  sacred  bond  which  will  unite  them  hereafter  in  the  abode  of 
glory.  Father  dc  Lamberville,  whom  I  knew  well,  was  one  of  the  most 
holy  missionaries  of  New  France,  where  ho  died,  at  Sault  Saint  Louis, 
spent  with  tuil  and  austerity,  and,  if  I  may  u.so  the  expression,  in  the  arms 
of  Charity.  Ho  often  declared  that  in  his  tirst  interview  with  Tegah- 
kouita,  he  thought  ho  could  discern  that  God  had  great  designs  as  to 
that  virgin  ;  yet  he  would  not  exercise  any  haste  in  conferring  baptism 
on  her,  and  ho  adopted  in  her  case  all  the  precautious  that  experience  has 
( onnselled  as  necessary,  to  mak"  sure  of  the  Indians,  before  administer- 
ing the  sacrament  of  regeneration. 

The  whole  winter  was  sjient  in  these  trials,  and  on  her  side  the  young 
catechumen  employed  this  precious  time  in  rendering  herself  worthy  of  a 
gi'aco,  whose  importance  she  fully  comprehended.  Before  granting  it  to 
adults,  the  missionaries  take  great  pains  to  inrpiire  privately  into  their  con- 
duct and  morality.  Father  de  Lambervilhi  aslc(!d  all  who  knew  Tegah- 
kouita,  and  was  greatly  surprised  to  find  that  there  was  not  one,  even  among 
those  who  had  given  her  most  to  sufl'er,  but  sounded  her  praises.  This 
■was  all  the  more  glorious  for  her,  as  Iiulians  are  much  given  to  slander, 
and  naturally  inclined  to  put  an  evil  interpn.'tation  on  the  most  innocent 
actions.  The  missionary  accordingly  no  longer  hesitated  to  grant  her 
what  she  solicited  with  such  earnestness.  She  was  baptized  on  Easter 
Sunday,  IdlG,  and  received  the  name  of  Catharine. 

The  grace  of  the  sacrament  received  into  a  heart  which  her  upright- 
ness and  innocence  had  so  well  prepared,  produced  wondrous  effects. 
Whatever  idea  the  missionary  had  already  conceived  of  the  young  Iro- 
quois mai<len,  he  was  astonished  to  find  in  her,  iiiiuiediatoly  after  baptism, 
uot  a  neoiihyte  needing  to  bo  contirmed  in  the  faith,  but  a  sold  I'llled  with 
the  most  preciims  gifts  of  heaven,  and  whom  he  too  would  have  to  guide  iu 
the  most  sublime  spiritual  ways.  In  the  outset  her  virtue  excited  the  ad- 
mii'atiou  of  those  even  who  were  least  iuclijied  to  imitate  her,  aud.thobf 


:rf 


U^ 


;  ?■ 


■:\ 


IIISI'OKV  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


2«7 


on  whom  slio  dopondcil,  left  lior  froo  to  follow  ovorj'  iiupnlso  of  bor  zoiil, 
but  this  (lul  not  lust  lony.  Tliu  iimoconco  of  Iht  life,  the  prcciuiticjiis 
which  sho  took  to  avoid  all  thiit  could  iu  the  loivHt  iiffoct  it,  and  especially 
her  extreme  reserve  as  to  whatever  couM  iu  the  sli^,'iitest  dij^ree  otVeiid 
purity,  appeared  to  the  youuj^  men  of  Iku*  villaj^e  a  repntacjh  on  tlio 
dissolute  life  they  led,  and  many  laid  suarea  for  her  with  the  solo  view  of 
dimming  a  virtue  whi  h  dazzled  them. 

On  the  other  hand,  althou^'h  she  had  relnxe  1  nothing  in  her  do- 
mestic occupations,  and  was  ever  found  ready  to  give  her  services  to  all, 
bor  relatives  were  displeased  to  see  her  give  to  prayer  all  the  time  left 
ber,  and  to  prevent  her  suspending  on  Sundays  ami  holidays  the  work 
which  the  church  forhids  on  those  days  consecrated  to  the  Lord,  tluiy 
made  her  pass  them  without  food.  Seeiug,  however,  that  tlioy  gained 
nothing  by  this  course,  they  had  recourse  to  still  more  violent  means  ; 
they  often  ill-treated  her  iu  a  most  unbecoming  manner  ;  wh^'u  she  went 
to  the  chapel,  they  sent  young  men  to  pursue  her  with  hooting  and  pelt 
her  with  stones  ;  men  either  really  or  pretendedly  drunk  ruslicd  up  )u 
ber,  as  though  they  designed  to  take  her  life  ;  bat,  uudismayed  by  these 
artifices  and  acts  of  violence,  sho  continued  her  devotions  as  though  she 
enjoyed  the  most  perfect  liberty. 

One  day  when  sho  was  in  her  cabin,  a  young  man  entered  abruptly, 
with  flashing  eyes,  brandishing  his  hatchet  as  if  intending  to  tomahawk 
hoi'.  At  this  sight  she  displayed  no  emotion,  md  bowed  down  her  head 
to  receive  the  blow  ;  but  the  madman,  seized  at  the  instant  by  a  panic 
fear,  fled  as  precipitately  as  though  pursued  by  a  war-party.  Thesi;  lir.st 
storms  were  succeeded  by  a  still  more  dangeious  persecution.  Catharine's 
aunt  was  a  woman  of  morose  disposition,  who  was  displeased 
with  all  that  her  niece  did  to  satisfy  her,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
she  could  find  nothing  to  reprove.  One  day  the  virtuous  neophyte  hap- 
pened to  call  the  husband  of  this  woman  by  his  own  name,  instead  of 
calling  him  Father,  as  usual  ;'  her  aunt  imagined,  or  pretended  to  belie\e, 
that  this  famihar  mode  of  speaking  showed  an  imi^roper  connection  be- 
tween the  uncle  and  niece,  and  she  hastened  on  the  spot  to  Father  do 
Lamberville  to  assert  that  she  had  surprised  Catharine  soliciting  her  hus- 
band to  sm.  The  missionary  promised  to  examine  the  case,  auel  when 
le  learned  on  what  this  atrocious  accusation  I'ested,  he  gave  the  slanderer 
a  rebuke  that  covered  her  with  confusion  ;  but  which  ultuuately  increased 
the  annoyance  of  the  innocent  girl. 

Had  all  this  involved  merely  suffering,  than  which  nothin;^'  \v,is  more  to 

'  L.  U.  Morgan  Las  treated  ably  of  the  peculiar  Iroquois  terms  of  rulatioosbip. 


it 
i 


.i 


ll 


'2Hi\ 


lllSTOUY  OV  NEW  FRANCE. 


.1' 


..■'^- 


r 


luT  tiutf,  hIic  would  iicvor  Imve  Ihouj^'lit  of  cliiingiiig  her  position  ;  l)ut 
filii'  fiiircil  tli:it  she  (MJiilil  not  iilwavH  hctld  tiriii  iiyiiiiist  the  Hcdiictioii  of 
liiid  cxiiiiiplc,  or  oscajM!  bciti^,'  ovfrcomo  ^{riidually  by  human  roHpect, 
HO  powerful  in  the  Indiiiu  mind.  She  ii(!conlinf,'ly  boj,'!in  to  look  for  nn 
iiHyluni,  wliuro  lior  iunoconct;  and  her  religion  would  bo  Hbioldinl  from 
diinj,'er.  Lii  Pruirio  do  In  Mii;,'doloino,  wliero  Hovorivl  Iroquois  Cliristinnd 
bogiiu  to  sottlo,  seemed  to  her  well  adiiptcd,  and  hIio  folt  an  ardent  desire 
to  remove  lliithor  ;  bnt  this  was  not  easily  done. 

Her  iin(!li'  beheld  with  ;,'rciit  di.splciisuro  the  depopulation  of  his  oiintou, 
and  he  declared  himself  the  avowed  enemy  of  all  who  contributed  to  it. 
It  was  therefore  apparently  impossible  to  obtain  his  eonsent,  and  it  was  not 
easy  for  Catherine  to  leave  him  without  it.  But  God,  who  had  destined 
her  to  bo  tho  example  and  ornament  of  this  transplanted  Christian  col- 
ony, facilitated  what  had  at  first  seemed  impossible.  She  had  an  adopted 
sister,  a  neoj)hyte  like  herself,  married  to  a  Christian  very  zealous  for  tho 
conversion  of  his  countrymen.  This  man  had  alreiuly  taken  up  his  abode 
at  La  Prairie  do  la  Magdeloino,  and  ho  was  one  of  those  who,  under  vari- 
ous pretexts,  traversed  tho  Iroquois  towns  in  order  to  make  proselytesi 
He  knc'W  that  the  j,Toate.st  favor  ho  could  do  Catherine  would  bo  to  take 
her  to  his  homo  :  ho  .spoko  of  tho  matter  to  his  wife,  who  confirmed  him 
in  his  design,  and  earnestly  exhorted  him  to  give  her  sister  this  conso- 
lation. 

Ho  resolved  on  the  project,  and  to  efifect  it  more  siu-ely,  ho  pretended 
to  go  a  hunting  with  ono  of  his  friends  in  the  dii'ectiou  of  New  York,  and 
set  out,  after  warning  Tegahkouita  to  hold  hoi'self  in  readiness  at  a  fixed 
time.  Fortunately  for  her  her  uncle  was  away,  though  not  far  distant, 
an<l  he  was  almost  at  once  informed  of  his  niece's  departure.  Without 
losing  a  moment  he  set  out  in  pursuit,  bout  on  bringing  her  back  dead  or 
alive,  and  on  tomahawking  the  first  who  resisted  him.  He  soon  overtook 
tho  two  hunters,  but  not  finding  his  niece  with  them,  because,  whenever 
thoy  halted,  tlu'y  took  the  precaixtion  to  conceid  her  in  tho  woods,  he 
tlioughl  that  he  had  been  misinformed  ;  accordingly,  without  avowing 
his  purjiose,  he  convei-sed  for  a  time  on  iudiflbront  topics  and  left 
thom,  convinced  that  Catharine  had  taken  some  other  I'oute  and  followed 
other  guides. ' 

Tho  holy  virgin,  I'escuod  fi'om  this  peril,  gaily  pursued  her  joiu'ney,  and 

'    Charlevoix     liero    follows   Cholonec  Cendre  Chaude  (ante  vol.  iii.  \>.  289,)  and 

(coinparo  his  letter  in  Kip's  Jesuit  \ris-  differs  in  the  account  of  the  pursuit.     She 

sions,  p.  01 :)    l)ut   ("hauchetiere   repre  Iwro  letters  to  Fathers  Fremin  and  Cho. 

seuts   Catharine's  going  as  effected  by  lenec. 


IIISTOHY  OF  NEW  I'llANCE. 


289 


at  liiHt  rciicliL'il  tln)  houriK!  wliicli  Im.l  bocii  tlin  object  of  Ik.t  pniyoi'H. 
This  wiiH  in  tho  munth  of  Oct(.lur,  1(J77.  Hu>-  sistur  hud  uut  yot  a  (mMu 
to  hornclf,  iiiul  dwelt  witli  hi;r  huHbiiml  iu  thiit  of  a  forvont  CUristiiui  wo- 
iiiiui  iiiuufd  AuiistiiHiii,'  whose-  solo  uinployiucut  it  was  to  proiiarj  ixji-hous 
of  her  o.vu  HL'X  for  bapti.siii.  A  hostess  of  this  cluiniftor  iiiul  such  exor- 
cises wore  greatly  to  the  tasto  of  Cathariue.  Sim  was,  moreover,  ohanued 
with  all  that  she  l)ehoKl  douo  in  tho  village,  nor  could  she  mifBcioutly  a<l- 
miro  tlie  omuiivttcMee  of  irracc,  whicii  could  transform  wolves  into  lambs, 
nor  eliant  th<!  mereios  of  the  Lord,  to  se-  men  now  dwellnig  in  the  purity 
ot  gospel  morality,  whos(!  del)auchery  hau  moro  than  ouco  paralyzed  hor 
with  horror.- 

Animated  l>y  new  fervor  at  this  sight,  sho  gavo  herself  unreservedly  to 
God,  renouncing  iu  future  the  least  thought  of  self,  and  b.'gan  to  run 
with  groat  steps  iu  the  career  of  sanctity.  Prayers,  toil,  spiritual  conver- 
sation, was  henceforward  her  solo  occupation  ;  ami  after  the  (;xample  of 
fcjaint  Anthony,  she  made  it  a  duty  to  imitate  every  edifying  trait  that 
she  perceived  in  ihoae  who  composed  this  new  church.  Sho  spent  at  the 
foot  of  the  altar,  all  her  spare  time  ;  she  Uved  solely  by  her  (iwu  labor, 
and  busied  as  she  might  bo  exteriorly,  hor  heart  was  ever  in  conslant 
communion  with  God. 

She  had  not  jet  made  her  first  communion  whou  sho  arrived  iu  tho 
colony,  and  it  is  not  usual  in  these  missions  to  grant  this  favor  to  neo- 
phytes till  after  long  trials.  Catharine  was  fearfiu  that  she  would  be  sub- 
jected to  this  rule,  but  her  \  iilui',  far  more  than  her  r(;i)eated  entreaties, 
soon  induced  her  du-ector  to  make  an  exception  iu  her  favcn-,  nor  had  ho 
any  reason  to  repeut.  The  frotiueut  communions,  which  she  was  permitted 
to  receive,  did  uot  diminish  iu  the  least  her  fervor  in  prep.iring  for  tlu-m. 
It  was  enough  to  see  hor  iu  h(>r  most  ordinary  acti(jus  to  be  rousi  d  to 
devotion  ;  but  when  she  pfirtook  of  the  divine  mysteries,  it  was  impossi- 
ble to  be  near  her,  and  not  be  filled  with  most  tender  love  for  God. 

When  she  was  obliged  to  go  with  a  hunting  party,  the  di.sti'actiou  in- 
sei)arable  from  that  time  deranged  in  nothing  her  interior  life  •  she  built 
an  oratory  within  her  heart  which  she  never  quitted.  Sho  avoided  coiu- 
pauy  as  much  as  she  could,  and  when  she  could  uot,  siie  imiiartod  ln^- 
recoUectedness  to  others  much  moro  than  she  took  part  in  ilunr 
amusements.  Yet  there  wasuothing  constrained  in  her  manners,  and  her 
devotion  was  neither  forbidding  nor  troublesome.  She  was  oven  wonder- 
fully dexterous  in  concealing  from  the  public  her  pri\ate  practice;)  of 


•  TegonLatsihongo,    ChaucLeiiere,  ch.    ix. 


i 


i» 


I 


200 


Iim-.-oifV    .^y    »;.;-,.,■    ;;;.j.^vi.; 


)r 


•f " 


l)i('ty,  and  licr  iiiiHtcriticM,  wliidi  wi'ii'  ;,'rr.iK     (>ii(<  <>(  her  moHt  couinion 
Was  to  iiiiii'^dt'  ciirtli  Willi  :ill  slir  ntc,  iiiid  very  ffw  iKTccivcd  it.' 

IJcHiilcs  iuT  tliri'C'tor,  witli  'lit  vvliosi'  piTiiiisMiDU  hIic  iliil  nothing'  of 
this  kind,  siin  concealud  iKjthiii;.,'  fr. mi  twn  ".•■r.iii.ii  ot  i^rwit  virtiir,  wlioso 
iiiutiml  iiitir('-iiiH(!  served  i^Tciitly  to  rouse  tlioiii  to  nn  eiiiiiiciit  suiictity. 
One  WHS  the  Aiiiihl'isiii,  who  hud  widcomed  her  on  her  reitchiny  tlie  eoi- 
ony  ;  thu  other  .<■  youii;,' widow  uiinied  Teresa,' wlio  after  Hvinj,'  hoi.io 
tiiuo  i"  r.lier  for^'etfuhiess  of  lier  biiptisiual  proniisoH,  returned  to  her  duty 
on  the  occasion  of  a  j,'reat  dani^'er,  from  wliicli  sht!  was  convinced  (iod 
had  miraculously  delivenal  her.  Yet  even  after  this  she  leil  (juite  a  Uike- 
warni  life,  deferring  from  (hiy  to  day  tho  exceutiou  of  tbo  design  bhe  had 
conceived  as  atoning  by  penance  for  past  disorders. 

A  conversation  with  {.'atharinc;  completed  her  conversion.  She;  was  ono 
d  ^y  attentively  looking  at  llu^  churcii,  then  erecting  at  Sault  .Saint  Louis,' 
to  which  they  had  just  transferred  tho  Irocpiois  town  from  La  Prairie  de  la 
Magiltleine  ;  Catharine  perceiveil  her  and  felt  inspired  to  address  her, 
although  she  had  never  yet  spoken  to  her.  To  open  conversation,  sho 
a.sked  her  v.iiich  part  of  the  new  church  was  inteniled  for  women,  and 
Teresa  pointed  it  out  to  her.  "-Uas !"  replieil  Catharine,  "it  in  not  in  those 
material  tci.iples  that  God  takes  most  pleasure,  our  heart  is  tho  sanctu- 
ary most  ayrc  cable  to  him.  But  how  often,  woe  is  me,  have  I  driven  him 
from  that  heart,  where  he  wjshcs  to  reign  alone  ?  Do  I  not  richly  deserve 
tliat  he  should,  for  my  ingratitude,  clo.se  forever  ou  iiio  tho  door  of  his 
Siinctuary,  erecting  to  his  glory?" 

These  words  touched  Teresa  to  the  (piick  ;  she  rejjroached  herself  with 
her  tepidity,  and  felt  stnmgly  urged  to  fultill  at  last  what  she  had  so  fre- 
quently promised  the  Almigiity.  Sla;  at  once  revealed  it  all  to  Catharine, 
and  f(jund  in  that  holy  virgin  an  open  heart,  whicli  induced  her  to  with- 
hold nothing  that  was  passing  in  her  own,  and  which  completely  gained 
her  to  Christ.  Her  penance  was  of  the  character  of  those,  which  almost 
without  intermediate  ste|)S  raise  the  greatest  sinners,  and  what  is  still 
more  difficult,  the  most  cowartlly  souls  to  the  most  heroic  perfection. 
She  became  attached  to  Catharine  by  bonds  which  divine  love  drew  still 
more  closely,  and  henceforward  these  two  chosen  souls  concealed  fi'om 
each  other  notnuig  bearing  on  their  interior  life.    They  consoled  each  other, 


I 


'  Ab  to  her  auBteritics,  see  Chaucbetiere,  tho  point   where  Ciitharino'a  cross  stil  I 

ch.  vi.  stimds.     Tliu  village  hml  a  fort  with  four 

'  Mary  Trrcsa  Tcguaiafruunta.  Imslions  and  ii  neat  utonr  church,   com- 

*  Not  where  the  village  in  now,  but  at  jileted  curly  iu  lUTb,  but  uo  truce  rouiaius. 


t-lM  V 


1  ,'  I 


lusiuiu  oi'  .'.i.w  iiw.aM  c;. 


2 '.II 


,    will  ISO 

iiiictity. 

!(•    t'ol- 
J,'    HOtlXO 

rdiily 

•III  (JiiJ 

ii  liikc- 

hIic  hiiJ 


;,'iivi' ooiiiiKcl  in  (loiihts  mill  ^trrii;;!!!  in  tiu!  ttsHiiultH  which   lioU  ami  the 
>V'irhl  iiiiirt.'  than  micii  niudo  on  tlicin. 

Ahout  thiH  time  Ciithiiiini-  hml  ii  very  Hovcro  ono  to  HUHtiiin,  comiuf^ 
tiM)  fritni  tho  very  iilthohh  h\>in  whom  nho  HUppOMiil  hci-Hflf  IcuHt  likily 
to  iiutii'iiiatc  jiuytliiii^,' of  liic  kiml.  The  sanio  luluptiil  sister  wlio  hiid 
tittracti'd  licr  thitlicr,  took  it  into  lier  hfiid  tu  m.in-y  her  oil',  iind  tlurt.'  ia 
iintliinf,'  tliiitHhi'did  not  ivsort  to,  to  ovorconio  hur  rcNistanco.  Sho  bci^jart 
liy  tcliiii;,'lii'rtiiiit  thou^fh  sht;  1111(1  lu'rhinl),iuild(iiiird  il  ii  iiliMsim'tiiiucit 
nil  her  witiits,  still  it  minhtwiU  lie  thiit,  hiinhiind  »vilhii  lar;^.!  I'aiiiily,  tiicy 
iiii^fht  Hot  alwiivH  1)0  in  ii  position  to  oontiniii!  siipiilyiiii,'  hrr  with  iircrs- 
Kiirits,  and  thiit  moroovor,  iu  ctVHO  of  thoir  dciith,  hUo  would  bo  lufl  with- 
out Hll|lpOI't. 

The  virtuous  vir;,'iu  was  tho  more  iifVoetod  at  tluisc  words  bcciuisc  sho 
was  not  a  biirdon  to  hor  sistor  :  sho  ncvortholoss  thankod  her  for  her 
iittuutiou  and  proniiuod  tu  rotluct  on  what  Hhu  had  just  said.  Sho  immu- 
diatoly  wont  to  lur  coufossor,  and  oxprossod  hor  <^v'n!f  that  a  sister  wiio  till 
thou  had  j^ivou  hor  so  many  markn  of  sineoro  friendship,  now  wished  to 
liampor  hor  iu  tho  only  thiii^'  iu  whioh  sho  wished  to  bo  free.  Tho  Falhor, 
after  huariuy  hor  uiilmly,  told  hor,  that,  iu  roality,  iior  sister  was  not  so  far 
wrong  iu  spcakinj,' as  sho  had  doiK^  ;  th.it  sho  should  thank  her  for  tho 
l)rooiuiti<jus  whioh  sho  wished  hor  to  take  iu  order  to  assure  a  ih^oriit 
Bubsisteuco  ;  iiud  that  tho  matter  doservod  oaliu  cousidoration.  "  It  is 
no  loag(tr  timo  todchberato,"  roiiliod  Cathiiriue;  "  I  am  uo  longer  my  own, 
I  havu  given  myself  unreservoiUy  to  Jesus  Christ.  '  "But,"  rejoined  tho 
missionary,  "  who  will  nourish  you,  and  assist  you  in  your  inlirmitios, 
Hhould  God  rinuovo  your  sister?"  "  Tlhil  is  my  least  iinxioty,"  replied 
tho  generous  neophyte  ;  "he  who  fi.'ods  tho  birds  of  the  air,  will  not  let 
Uio  want  tho  little  I  need  to  live  V"  The  missionary  did  nol,  seem  to 
yield  ;  ho  dismissed  his  poiiitont,  bidding  her  again  consult  the  Lord  on 
)i  point  iu  which  he  did  not  yi't  seo  manifest  the  Divine  Will.  She  then 
i-otirod  very  sad. 

The  same  day  hor  sister  again  pressiil  the  matter,  and  linding  her  iu- 
lloxible,  induced  Auastasia,  whoso  ago  and  virtue  caused  both  to  regard 
her  as  a  mother,  to  speak  to  In.'r  ou  the  point.  Auastasia  at  lirst  ontorod 
into  the  young  woman's  views,  bciuaine  it  was  unexaiu])led  among  tho 
Iioijuois,  for  a  girl  to  persevere  iu  celi!)acy  ;  tin;  Missioiiai-ies  liaving  so 
far  doomed  it  iuoxpodiont  to  give  ihoio  Indians  tin.'  eoun-iel  which  St. 
Paul  gave  the  primitive  Christians.  Auastasia  accordingly  undertook  to 
persuade  Catharine  to  conform  to  her  sister's  wishes.  Sho  gaiuod 
nothing,  and  seemed  sumo  what  uutllod.      This  she  showed  Catharine  by 


i 


I 


» 


,.., 


292 


iifmtohy  op  new  hiance. 


» 


I 


h. 


■  jiictuchL'S  aud  thrcutM  of  iiitLT|>imiiiK  H"'  uiilliinity  ol'  ilaii  tiiiiiiin n 

iircclor. 
Thti  holy  viri;iu  uiiticipitU'd  lii'i',  ami  ultci'  aNxiiriii'^  lar  r«|>iiitual 
Father  thai  Hho  cuuld  no  lon^or  doubt  of  thu  will  of  (^)d,  Hho  ho^^^cd 
liiiu  to  eoiiHi'iit,  ill  nrdor  to  put  uu  und  tu  this  porHecutioii,  that  hIih 
should  fake  a  vow  of  virf,'iiiity.  Tlui  luiHHJonurv  replied  liuit  an  eii^jaj^'e- 
iiieiit  iif  llial  kind  hIiouM  not  bu  taki^n  li^litly,  that  he  ^^avi*  her  three 
diiyH  to  Ihiiik  it  ov  r,  und  that  during  that  tiniu  ho  permitted  Ik  i'  to  re- 
diiul)l(]  her  prayerH  and  aiisteritien  to  obtain  from  the  Almi^^'hty  to  know 
whiil  hi)  desired  of  her.  Catharine  left  him  ]>roiniHin^'  obedience,  but  ii 
(piarter  of  an  hour  after  returned,  and  approaching^'  him  with  an  air  th;it 
was  not  natural  to  hor,  exclaimed :  "  Father,  I  havo  considereil  it  all ;  I  will 
never  have  any  spoiiHe  but  Jemis  Christ."  Her  action  and  the  tone  in 
which  nho  Hpoko,  tout;hod  the  diriictor;  ho  Hiiw  clearly  that  it  woiiM  Uu 
vain  to  oppose  a  niovomunt  which  had  ovory  mark  of  divino  inspiration. 
He  consoled  his  ponitout  by  givin;^  her  hopo  of  his  consent  to  what  sho 
(le.siied  ;  he  exhorted  her  then  to  think  of  nothing'  but  ^aininj^  the  hiiirt 
of  the  heavenly  Spouse  whom  sho  hadchoseu,  and  promised  hor  to  stop  all 
further  importuuity  ou  the  part  of  hor  sistor  or  her  friends. 

She  had  scarcely  K"Uo,  when  .Vnastasia  entered  the  missionary's  abode 
with  loud  complaints  of  Catharini  stubbornness.  After  lusirinj,'  her 
without  inti!rruption,  tho  missionary  rebuked  her  nnldly  for  her  precipita- 
tion in  bliiminy  whiit  sho  did  not  know,  and  for  tho  slight  esteem  which 
sho  seemed  to  entertain  for  a  state  which  raises  mortal  creatures  to  tho 
condition  of  aui»els.  An;istiisia  riiciiived  this  correction  with  hiunility, 
and  Catharine  ever  after  found  iu  her  a  truly  Christian  friend,  disposed 
to  secoud  hor  iu  her  pious  desii^us,  and  attentive  to  roliove  her  in  her 
wants  and  atUictions,  On  her  side,  Catharine  beli('ved  herself  bound  by 
tin?  resolution  she  ha.  1  just  taken,  to  live  more  .sooluded  than  over,  and  prac- 
tice humility,  charity  and  penanco.  Sho  was  soeu  to  advance  visibly  in 
virtue.  Already  nauj^ht  was  spoken  of  iu  tho  country  except  hor  emi- 
nent sanctity.  The  peoi)le  were  never  weary  ailmiriufj  tho  secret  sprinj^  of 
Divine  (roodness,  which,  amid  a  n;ition  the  most  hostile  to  tho  establish- 
mout  of  Christianity,  had  drawn  forth  a  youuy  virgin,  to  make  hor  a 
perfect   model   of  all  Christian  virtues. 

There  then  reigned  in  the  mission  of  Sault  Saint  Louis  a  spirit  of  mor- 
titication  which  went  to  great  length.  These  neophytes  htid  just  been 
declared,  by  all  the  Iroquois  cantons,  enemies  of  their  country,  and  they 
coulidently  expected  that  after  this  outburst,  all  who  fell  into  tho  hands 
of  their  idolatrous  brethren,  would  be  given  over  without  mercy  to  the 


I- 


v; 


Iv  ., 


f 


Ill.^roIlV  OK  NK'.V  KliANCB. 


•J'.CJ 


most  fiMrfiil  ti)rtiiroM.  Hi'iuio  Hii'y  tlii»ii;^lil  mil)  uf  iiri>|t,iriii>|  fur  miirtyr- 
(loiii  liy  III!  tlio  luiiiiiis  lli^it  iiiistcrily  citi  Hii^-'^i'-it  liir  cliii.stiHiii;^'  tliii  tlisli. 
Mfii,  woini^ii  iitid  cliililri'U  even,  in  tliiN  iiiiitti  r  pruceeilt^il  to  exceHM'H 
wliieli  fl";  luiHHioiiiiriUH  a'<vor  would  hiivo  puriuiHud  h;iJ  tUoy  boeii  fully 
iiifiu'ined  ill  re^iird  to  them. 

('iitliiiriiie,  luiife  fully  poHseHHcd  hytlie  interior  Hpirit  tliiiii  all  tlieotlierfl, 
WHS  t()i>  tliii  luoHt  unsparing'  to  liernelf  of  nil.  Slie  coiiHiilted  iiiui^'iit  liut 
lier  ferviir,  mid  Inilinved  liernulf  in  ii)  wise  b  lund  to  depend  in  tliiH  on  lier 
din'ctor  iis  formerly,  lielievill;.;  lll:lt  tlliw  j,'eiieliil  eoiicert  of  the  whiije  vil- 
la;^!' ciiiild  nut  lie  unknown  to  him,  iind  thiil  his  Hilenee  in  re^urd  to  it 
wiiM  II  (Miimt'iit.  She  was  mjcordiuj^ly  soon  reihieed  to  ii  st.ite  of  liiii^iior  iiiid 
siillrriii;^  from  which  uhu  iiuvor  rocoverod.'  S>me  time  tifter  shu  paid  a 
visit  to  Moiitreiil,  svliere  thu  Hi<^ht  of  the  ilospitiil  Nuns,  whom  sho  hu<l 
never  even  heiird  mentioned,  incroiiHed  her  dt^sire  to  corisecriito  herself 
til  (ii)d  l»y  the  vuw  of  chtiMtity  ;  nhe  ruuowcd  her  eiitreiities  to  her  coii- 
I'essor,  who  judi^'ed  it  his  duty  uo  lonj^er  to  withhold  luH  consent.  Hho 
iiecordiiij,'ly  took  the  long  doHired  vow,  with  ii  joy  thiit  Heemed  to  revive 
nil  her  strength,  and  who  was  thu  tirst  of  her  tribu  who  took  upnu  herself 
HUch  an  eiigagomtiit  with  heavon. 

The  heavenly  spouse  of  chaste  souls  was  not  slow  in  giv'iig  lier  mani- 
fest proofs  that  he  had  acei'pted  hisr  saerilici!,  and  in  treating  her  as  his 
well-beloved  spouse.  She,  on  her  side,  exerted  herself  to  correspond  to 
liis  caresses  and  the  iutornal  communications  with  which  ho  favored  her 
bv  perfect  lidelity  and  unreserved  love.  But  her  strength  could  not  king 
sustain  its  ardor,  and  ♦he  tlesh  soon  gave  way  beneath  the  i  tVorts  of  tlio 
Bpirit.  Sho  fell  into  a  dangerous  di.sease,  which  htft  her  only  i  lingering 
oxisteuee  subject  to  constant  pain.  In  this  state  sho  unite<l  In-'iself  more 
and  more  tu  Jesus  Christ  by  meditating  on  His  death  and  sulVerings,  and 
the  frecpnuit  reception  of  the  sacraments.  Sho  i«uld  no  longer  endnro 
human  conversation  ;  Anastasia  and  Theresa  wore  the  only  two  persons 
with  whom  sho  retained  any  kind  of  intimacy,  because  they  spoke  to  her 
only  i>f  (Jod. 

Siio  felt  well  only  at  the  foot  of  the  altar,  where,  buried  in  iirofonnd  con- 
templation, and  shedding  torrents  of  tears,  whoso  iuoxhaustiblo  fountain 
was  His  love  and  the  wound  it  had  inllicted  on  h.ir  heart,  she  oftiai  so 
forgot  the  wants  of  her  body,  as  not  even  to  fed  the  cold,  with  which  her 
whole  frame  was  benumbed.  She  always  camo  from  this  contcmplatioi: 
with  renewed  love  of  sull'eriiig,  and  it  is  unconceivable  how  ingenious 


( 


! 


'  CliHuclii'tirri'  intiniufi'8  tliat  tliiH  occurred  wliilc  Fatlii;r  Freinin,  liur  prudent 
diri'ctor,  wii«  iibseiit  in  Kmope,  cli.  vl. 


204 


HISTORY  OP'  NEW  FRANCE. 


M^ 


^s' 


H '  M 


be.  iniud  was  in  iiivcutiiig  menus  to  iMiu-ify  Ik  r  iKsli.  SnnKtiincs  sho 
\valk(.'(l  liiii'i'foL)lL(l  on  the  ice,  iiutl  snow,  till  she  lost  all  feeling.  Soiiie- 
tinies  she  sitrewed  her  couch  with  thorns.  She  roUeil  for  three  davs  in 
snccessiou  on  branches  of  thorns,  which  pierced  deeply  into  her  tlesh, 
causing  intxplicablo  ptiiu.  Another  time  she  burned  her  feet,  as  is  d(3ue 
to  pri.souers,  wishing  thus  to  give  herself  the  stamp  and  mark  of  a  slavo 
of  Christ ;  but  what  attests  far  better  the  solidity  of  her  virtue,  is  the 
unalterable  gentleness,  patience,  joy  even,  manifested  by  her  in  the  sutl'er- 
iiigs  which  she  ex])erieuced  toward  the  close  of  life. 

It  would  seem  that  no  sacrifice  should  bo  dilKcult  to  those  who  carry 
niortilication  as  far  as  this  holy  virgin  did.  Yet  this  is  rarely  the  case. 
Men  are  often  astonished  to  behold  those  who  practice  the  greatest  aus- 
terities, more  sensible  than  others  to.  any  annoying  or  humilating  event 
that  Inippens,  simply  because  there  is  nothing  of  their  own  choice  in  it. 
Self- will  is  always  the  last  victim,  and  is  often  found  missing  from  the 
holocaust.  Catharine  understood  the  superiority-  of  tin;  crosses  presented 
by  the  hand  of  the  Lord  over  those  which  are  self-imposed,  and  sulTerings 
in  which  her  wiU  h:id  least  share,  were  always  dearest  to  her  heart.' 

She  was  at  last  attacked  by  a  malady,  which  was  at  once  deemed  mor- 
tal ;  and  that  at  a  time  when  the  labors  in  the  Held  so  engaged  all,  that 
she  could  scarcely  expect  care  from  any  one.  She  remained  alone  wlu)lo 
days  with  a  platter  of  Indian  corn,  and  a  little  water  beside  her  bed. 
Delighted  to  behold  herself  thus  forsaken  of  men,  she  communed  constantly 
\vitL  her  God,  and  found  the  days  only  too  short.  On  Tuesilay  in  Holy 
AVeek,  1(578,  she  grew  worse,  and  received  Holy  Viaticum.  The  mis- 
sionary wished  also  to  administer  Extreme  Unction  at  once,  but  she  as- 
sured hun  that  it  could  be  deferred  till  next  day.  She  spent  all  the 
ensuing  night  in  a  loving  colloc(uy  with  her  divine  Saviour,  and  \vith 
His  Holy  Jlother,  whom  she  had  always  singularly  honored,  regarding 
herself  as  a  spouse  of  Christ,  attached  to  the  retinue  of  the  Queen  of 
Virgins. 

Ou  Wednesday  morning  she  recei\iHl  the  sacred  anointing,  and  about 
three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  she  expired  after  a  gentle  agony  of  half  an 
lK)ur,  retaining  her  complete  consciousness  and  sound  judgment  till  lur 
last  sigh.-'     Thus  lived  and  thus  in  her  tweuty-Hfth  year  died  Catharine 


I 


'  Clmrleviiix  aoems  to  iilhulc  tj  ii  tiilsi' 
accusation  iiinlcr  whicii  CiUlKiriiir  lulmrcd 
I'nr  11  liiui'.     ('luiuclii'tieri',  B'k  II.  cli,  ix. 

■•'  C'liiiuchitirrc  ill-tails  lnTlast  niomi'iits. 
B'k  111.,  c'.i.  :;.  Shrdhd  .\:.rl  iT.  H'.so. 
Sec, too  ("licU'iK'k's  loitji'.  l,^■ttlv^'  IMili- 


i)('  la  I'otluTic,  Ilistdiro  ili»  I'Ann'riquf 
S  •iiti'iitrioiiulc.  |).  ;!.")1,  gives  the  same 
vear,  UlSO.  If  it  had  oecuri-ed  in  UIVS, 
tlie  Helaiion  l(17;i-l)  would  not  have!  been 
silent  as  to  it  •  but  tlnreip  no  allusion  lo 
it  iu  that  volume,  or  in  the  matter   for 


aule-— Ki|i"s  .[esiiil  Missions.  y\>.  SO,  11:!.     1(JT8  in  the  Uelations  laedil^es. 


'       •  i 


IIISTDIJV  01<^  NEW  FUANCE. 


•20: 


Ton;ahkoiiitii.  The  ox!\nipl(>  of  her  most  holy  lifo  had  I'voducod  a  V017 
gri'iit  fervor  aiuon^'  tlui  Iroiiuois  of  SauU  SI.  Louis.  Tho  womlcrs  whic'a 
God  .soon  begun  to  work  in  favor  of  those  who  had  recourse  to  her  iuter- 
cession,  are  still  at  this  day  (174:i)  for  these  ueophytes  and  indeed  all  for 
New  Franee  a  powerful  motive  to  serve  in  spirit  iiud  iu  truth  so  liberal  a, 
JIastor,  who,  without  respect  of  persons,  lavishes  his  mobt  precious  gift.s 
on  those  who  abandon  themselves  to  Him  without  reserve. 

Her  countenance,  extremely  utteniiated  by  austerity  and  by  her  last 
illness,  suddenly  changed  as  soon  as  she  ceast'd  to  live.  It  was  seen  as- 
suming a  rosy  tint  that  she  had  never  had,  nor  were  her  features  the 
same.  Nothing  could  be  more  beautiful,  but  with  that  beauty  which  love 
of  virtue  inspires.  The  people  were  never  weary  gazing  on  her,  and. 
each  retired,  his  heart  full  of  the  desire  to  become  a  saint.  As  a  distinc- 
tion her  body  was  placed  in  a  coilin,  and  her  tomb  soon  became  cele- 
brated by  the  concourse  of  the  faithful,  who  Hoiked  from  all  parts  of 
Canada,  and  by  the  miracles  wrought  there.  There  are  preserved  espe- 
cially the  juridi'-al  attestations  of  two  persons,  whose  character  leaves  no 
d  )ubt  as  to  the  truth  of  their  deposition.  Oue  is  the  Ab'oe  d.'  la  C,)i.>ii.- 
bii're  (brother  of  the  Jesuit  Father,  Claude  de  la  (,'olobibicre,  celebraud 
for  his  virtues  and  eloquence, )  Grand  Archdeacon,  and  Vicar-deueral  ;! 
Quebec,  and  Clerical  Councillor  in  the  Superior  Council  of  N\  w  Franc. 
The  other  is  'Sh:  du  Luth,  captain  of  au  infantry  company,  one  of  the 
bravest  officers  the  Kmg  has  had  iu  the  colony,  and  whose  name  is  frs- 
quently  cited  in  this  history. 

The  former  declares  in  writing  under  his  own  hand  that  h;',ving  been 
siek  from  the  monvh  of  January  to  that  of  June,  1G1)5,  with  a  slow  fever, 
which  had  ballied  all  remedies,  and  adysentery  that  nothing  could  check,  lie 
was  advised  to  bind  himself  by  a  vow  that  if  it  pleased  God  to  restore  his 
health,  ho  would  proceed  to  the  Mission  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  at  Suilt 
Kt.  Louis,  to  pray  at  the  tomb  of  Catharine  Tegahkouita  ;  that  ho 
yielded  to  this  advice,  and  that  the  fever  left  him  that  very  day,  and  that 
the  dysentery  diminished  considerably  ;  that  having  set  out  some  days 
afier  to  fuliill  his  vow,  he  was  entirely  cured  before  he  had  proceeded  more 
than  a  league. 

The  second  certifies  juridically,  that  having  been  for  twenty-five  years 
tortured  with  the  gout,  accompanied  by  excessive  pain  that  sometime.'? 
lasted  for  three  mouths  without  respite,  he  invoked  Catharine  Tegah- 
kouita, au  Iroquois  Virgin,  who  died  at  Sault  St.  Louis  iu  tlui  odor  of 
sanctity,  and  promised  to  visit  her  tomb,  if,  tlu-ough  Iu  r  intcivrv^on,  G-.J 
delivered  him  from  this  cruel  disease  •  that  at  the  end  of  a  uoveua  which 


I 


IT: 


% 


lit 


V 


ijHa  I 


it 


i^ 


2or, 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE 


Ii. 


:i;^ 


^^;|yii' 


?i! 


I.'  ( 


f^' 


li 


111'  ]K'rfornu'(l  in  lior  honor,  hi;  wan  purfecUy  cured,  aud  that  for  the  last 
tit'tccii  months  ho  had  felt  no  wyinptoiu.s  of  gout.' 

Evi-ry  yoar  on  the  auuiversary  of  tho  death  of  Good  Cathariiic — la 
/i'liuw  Callwriiw,  (this  being  tho  name  under  which,  out  of  I'espcct  for  tho 
Holy  Sec,  this  holy  virgin  is  honored  in  Canada)  several  parishes  in  tho 
neighborhood  como  to  cLaut  in  tho  Church  of  Saiilt  St.  Louis  a  solemn 
Mass  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  A  pai'ish  priest  at  Lachiue,  a  town  on  Mon- 
treal Island,  by  name  Mr.  Remy,  who  had  recently  arrived  from  France, 
on  being  informed  by  his  parishioners  of  this  custom,  replied  that  he 
deemed  it  a  duty  not  to  sanction  by  his  jn-esence  a  public  cultus  not  yet 
permitted  by  the  Church.  Most,  on  hearing  him  speak  thus,  could  not 
refrain  from  saying  that  he  would  soon  be  punished  for  his  refusal,  aud 
in  fact  he  fell  dangei'ously  ill  the  same  day.  He  at  once  understood  tho 
(■"Use  of  this  unexpected  attack.  He  bound  himself  by  a  vow  to  follow 
the  example  of  his  predecessors,  and  was  instantly  ciu'ed.  Thus  New 
Fr  uice,  li.  ;  tho  capital  of  Old  France,  behold  tho  glory  of  a  poor  In- 
dian girl  and  of  a  shepherdess,  shine  above  that  of  so  many  apostolic  men 
martyrs  and  other  saints  of  all  conditions  of  life.  God  doubtless  wish- 
ing for  our  instruction  and  the  consolation  of  the  humble  to  glorify  His 
saints  in  proportion  to  theii"  having  been  httlo  aud  obscure  on  eai'th. 


II. 


STEl'HEN  TEuANANOKOA.' 


Ik' 


It, 


The  Iro(iuois  tt)wns  were  visibly  depopulated  by  the  withdrawr.l  of  tho 
many  families  that  took  r<'t'iige  in  the  ^Mission  of  '■':.",ut  St.  Louis,  there  to 
embrace  Christianitj',  or  profess  it  in  gi'eatcr  liberty,  or  be  removed  from 
the  allurements  of  the  heathens  ;  the  latter  were  so  exasperated  at  this, 
that  they  declared  enemies  of  their  country  all  the  ChristiiMi  Iro{jUois 
who  had  aV)andoned  it,  and  this  rago  won  for  many  tho  crown  of  mar- 
tyrdom. I  have  spoken  of  some  in  my  history.  I  now  proceed  to  make 
known  others,  who  could  not  be  introduced  without  interrupting  the  nar- 
rative. 


'  Tlu'se  ntlcslntions  iu  full  are  in  Let- 
tresEditiniiti's,  vol.  xii.,  truuHlatedm  Kip's 
Jepuit  Missions,  p.  115-6. 

'■'  The  following;  lives  are  ilriuvn  triim 
the  Li'tlres  M  liiiiuiles,  vol.  xiii.,  Paris, 
1720,  in  Eng'>h  iu  Kip's  Jesuit  -Mis.-ious 


p.  117  Tlicy  were  probably  based  on  a 
work  of  Father  Chuiichetiere  "On  tho 
Perseverance  of  Indians  who  gave  their 
lives  for  tho  Faith  amid  the  fires  or  bo- 
neatli  llietoiuahawk  of  the  Irajuois,"  no 
longer  extant. 


IllSl'DiiV  UK  XKW  rJIAXCE. 


•207 


Tlio  first  is  Stophon  Tegjuiaiiokoa.  llo  cimu  ti)  S;\ali  St.  Louis  with 
his  wifo,  sistur-iu-l:i\v  ami  six  childrou,  Ijoiiig  at  thi^  tiiui,'  thirtv-livi'  years 
of  ago.  Ho  had  uothiug  savage  iu  his  ilispositiou,  ami  his  siucoro  and 
tendor  attachiuuut  to  his  wife,  iu  a  country  wluni!  licunso  reigns,  and  uieu 
■io  commonly  chaugo  wivos,  would  alouo  stand  as  a  pro(jf  of  tiie  iiuiocenco 
ol'  his  previous  lifo.  As  soon  as  ho  arrived  iu  tlie  now  town,  he  earnestly 
solicited  baptism,  with  all  his  family,  anJ  thoy  obtained  it  after  the  ordin- 
ai'y  trials.  They  were  soon  tho  edification  of  that  rising  church.  Sto- 
2)lion  watohud  over  tlio  education  of  his  cliildnni  with  the  z.oal  of  a  mis- 
sionary. Ho  sent  them  (ivery  day  to  morning  and  evening  prayers,  and 
to  tlio  iustru(^ti(jn  givi.-n  to  tho  young,  himself  sotting  thoia  an  exci-lleut 
example  by  liis  regular  attondauco  on  all  tho  o.vorcisos  of  ri'igioii,  iuid  Ujs 
exactness  in  rocoiving  tho  Holy  Eucharist  freipiently. 

By  this  pious  lifo  ho  so;'mod  to  bo  preparing  t'l  triii.upii  over  the  eucmy 
of  Josiis  Christ  and  to  defend  his  faitli  amid  tlio  most  crue!  torL.ents.  in 
tho  month  of  August,  KJ'JO,  ho  sot  out  for  tlio  fall  hunt,  accojiiiianii'd  'oy 
his  wife  and  on(!  otlua-  Indian.  In  tho  month  of  .Se[/.i,'nl)er  tlioy  wi  re 
surprised  by  a  band  of  fourtLou  Cayugas,  v>ho  bound  tlu;  i  and  took  tlu-m 
to  Uicir  canton.  As  soon  as  >Ste;)hen  beheld  himself  in  tho  lian<l,s  of 
these  savage  moll,  ho  had  no  doubt  but  that  he  would  bo  coudonined  to 
the  stake.  Ho  warned  his  wife  of  this,  exliortod  her  to  persevere  in  tho 
faith,  and  iu  case  she  returned  to  Sault  St.  Louis,  to  bring  up  their  chil- 
dren iu  tho  fear  o*'  God. 

The  three  prisoner.s  were  taken  to  Onoudaga  ;  God  wishing  ap[i;iroiitly 
that  Stephen's  constancy  and  fortitude  should  shine  forth  hi  a  place  thou 
famous  for  the  assemblage  of  a  host  of  Indians  from  uU  the  Iro(iiii'is  can- 
tons and  for  the  fearful  licentiousness  prevalent  there.  Although  it  is 
the  custom  to  await  prisoners  at  the  cntrauco  of  tho  village,  the  joy  telt  at 
Onondaga  on  their  having  in  their  hands  some  of  tlio  setlh^rs  at  Sault  St. 
Louis,  made  all  stream  out  far  in  advance  to  meet  tliom.  Each  had 
decked  himself  iu  his  liue.st  attiro,  as  for  a  day  of  trium])h  ;  all  wore 
armed  with  hatchets,  knives,  clubs,  or  whatever  they  laid  hands  on,  and 
fury  was  depicted  on  every  couuteuance. 

When  thoy  reached  the  prisoners,  one  of  these  Indians  approaching 
Stephen,  said  :  "  Brother,  thou  art  dead  :  impute  thy  misfortune  to  thy- 
self alone,  for  thou  left  us  to  go  aud  live  among  tlioso  dogs  of  Christians 
at  the  Sault."  "I  am  a  Christian,"  rephod  Stephen,  "and  I  glory  iu  be- 
ihg  one.  Do  with  me  what  you  will  :  I  fear  neither  your  outrages  nor 
fires.  I  willingly  give  my  lifo  for  a  G(od  who  shed  aU  his  blood  for  me." 
Scai'cely  had  he  ended  these  words  when  tho  furious  savtujoa  apraug  on, 


1 


I 


s  ' 

i 

I 


"9- 


2% 


lllSTum  OK  NKW  FRANCE. 


i 


iinil  j^'ashed  biin  deep  on  the  arms,  legH  and  whole  body  ;  tbey  then  cut 
oil'  si'veml  of  his  tui;,'(;r.s  and  tore  out  all  his  nails.  One  of  the  hand  then 
C'l'ied  to  him  :  "  Pray  to  (rod."  "Yes,"  replied  Stephen,  "  I  will  i>ray," 
and  raisiuy  his  fettered  handp),  hu  made,  as  well  as  he  could,  the  sign  of 
i.ho  cross,  prou(juuciug  aloud  in  his  own  languajjfc^,  those  words  :  "  In  the 
name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost."  Hidf  his 
rcniiiiuinj^  lingers  were  immediately  hacked  oil',  and  again  they  cried  : 
"Mow  pray  to  your  God."  Again  ho  ma  le  the  sign  of  the  cro.ssand  they 
instantly  cut  off  all  the  rest  of  his  lingor.s,  then  for  the  third  time  calltd 
on  him  to  pray,  loading  him  with  insults.  As  ho  endeavored  to  make 
tho  sif.fn  of  the  cross  again  with  the  palm  of  his  hand,  it  was  cut  oil'  eu- 
tiuly,  and  iio  was  slashed  wherever  ho  had  made  the  sign  of  the  cross. 

After  this  bloody  prelude,  the  prisoners  were  led  to  the  village,  and 
ue.H"  a  great  tire  in  which  stones  had  been  heated  red  hot.  Several  were 
placed  between  Stephen's  thighs,  which  ^voro  thou  violently  pressed  to- 
gether. Ho  was  uoxt  ordered  to  siujf  in  the  manner  of  the  country  ;  as 
he  refused  to  do  so,  but  began  to  repeat  aloud  the  prayers  which  he  was 
daily  accustomed  to  recite,  one  of  tho  .-savages  took  a  burning  brand  and 
(irove  it  far  into  his  mouth  ;  then,  before  he  had  time  to  breathe,  he  was 
tied  to  the  stake.  When  tho  courageous  neophyte  beheld  himsiilf  amid 
♦  he  instruments  of  his  t(jrture  and  a  crowd  of  cxocutioncrH,  he  looked 
calmly  upon  them  and  said  ;  "  Satiate  yoiu'selves  with  the  pleasure  of 
burning  me,  spare  mo  not,  my  sins  deserve  oven  greater  sufferings  than 
you  can  intiici ;  the  more  you  torture  me,  tho  more  you  increase  the  re- 
v;ird  prepared  for  mo  in  heaven." 

These  words  renJ  ii'ed  them  still  moi'O  furious  ;  each  seized  a  brand  or 
red  hot  iron,  with  which  they  slowly  burned  all  the  body  of  this  Loly 
mm,  who  endured  the  cruel  martyrdom  without  breathing  a  sigh  ;  he 
I  .I'll  seemed  as  calm  as  though  he  suffered  nothing,  liis  eyes  raised  to 
heaven,  and  buried  as  it  were  in  profound  contemplation.  At  last  his 
strength  beginning  to  fail,  he  asked  a  few  mo'.nents'  truce,  and  tlien  ral- 
lying all  his  fervor,  ho  nuv^j  his  last  prayer.  He  comniouded  his  soul  to 
Christ  and  implored  him  to  pardon  his  executioners.  Tliey  at  once  re- 
sumed his  torture  ;  his  constancy  did  not  llag  and  ho  gave  up  his  soul  to 
his  Creator  triumphing  by  his  courage  over  all  tho  Iroquois  cruelty. 

His  wife's  life  was  .spared,  as  he  had  foretold  her  ;  she  remained 
some  time  a  prisoner  in  the  country,  where  neither  entreaties  nor  threats 
could  shake  her  faith.  On  recovering  her  liberty,  she  proceeded  to 
Aguier,'  which  was  the  pliico  of  her  birth.     There  she  remained  till  her 

'  The  Moliiiwk  Ciiutdii  iiiul  its  liiiif  town  are  l)otli  thus  .styiid  in  Kniich 


I  ! 


*?. 


IIISTOHV  OF  M:\V  FliANCE. 


•IV.) 


s.'ii  came  fur  her  ami  took  her  biu-k  to  Hiiult  SI.  Louis.  Tlw  Tadiaii 
who  liaJ  Ik'ou  captunnl  '.vith  Stephen,  escaped  with  the  loss  of  soiiu'  tiu- 
g(a's  aiul  a  (li'e[)  wound  in  the  kig.  Ho  was  tlien  taken  to  Ca^yuga, 
where  all  means  were  cniijloyed  to  force  him  to  niiirry  aj,'ain,  and  phiiiyo 
in  all  the  debaucheries  in  which  that  trilje  was  sunk  ;  but  he  constantly 
replied  that  his  relij,non  forbade  b(jt]i.  Having  at  last  come  towaisls 
Montreal  with  a  band  of  warrior.s  of  that  canton,  ho  secretly  withdrew 
and  returned  to  his  Mission,  where  ho  over  after  lived  a  most  edifying 
Ufe. 


m. 

FRANCES  GONANNHATENHA. 

Twc  -vfar.s  after  a  woman  displayed  a  constancy,  in  no  wise  inferior  to 
that  o*'  the  virtuous  Stephen.  Her  name  was  Frances  (jriMianuhateuha, 
and  sht!  had  been  baptized  at  Onondaga,  her  native  place,  whence  sho 
had  taken  refuge  at  Sault  Saint  Louis.  Tiiere  slie  edilied  all  by  her 
piety,  her  modesty  and  especially  her  charity  ;  and  as  she  w,is  in  easy 
circumstances,  the  poor  always  found  hef  an  assured  resource  in  their 
necessities.  One  day  when  she  was  thret;  leagues  from  the  village,  en- 
gaged in  ti.shing,  she  heard  the  enemy  were  making  a  desc(!Ut  on  Sault 
Saint  Louis ;  sho  at  once  embarked  in  a  canoe  with  tw(j  of  lier  friends  to 
"o  to  the  assistance  of  her  husband.  The  women  arrived  iu  time  to 
save  him  ;  he  jumped  into  a  canoe,  and  this  httle  baud  deemed  them- 
selves safe,  when  the  caiuje  was  suddenly  surrounded  l)y  a  whole  Iro- 
quois army  about  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  tlu'  villagi\  The  husband'a 
head  was  at  ouce  cut  off  and  the  tlu'eo  women  led  to  tlie  camp. 

The  cruelties  perpetrated  on  them  the  lirst-  niglit  they  spent  there,  con- 
vinced them  that  they  wire  coudemuod  to  deatli.  The  savages  amused 
themselves  with  phiekiug  out  their  nails,  and  t'lien  burning  tin;  blei-ding 
lingers  iu  their  pipes.  The  two  companions  of  Frances  wer(^  then  givcv 
one  to  the  Oneida,  th<;  other  to  the  Seneca  canton.  She  l^n'self  wa.s 
given  to  her  own  sister,  who  was  of  high  rank  in  Onondaga.  This  wo- 
man, discarding  the  affection  which  nature  and  blood  should  have  in- 
spired, left  her  sister  to  the  discretion  of  the  sachems  and  braves,  which 
was  equivahnit  to  condemning  her  to  the  stake.  In  fact,  as  ;;oou  as  sho 
arrived  at  the  village,  she  was  compelled  to  ascend  a  scaH'old.  Tliere,  in 
presence  of  her  kindred  and  of  all  who  crowded  around  to  witness  her 
torture,  she  declared  in   a   loud  voice  that   sli.'    was  a   Chriatiau,   and 


>l      «. 


.lOO 


IIISTOTJY  OF   NEW  FRANCE. 


A- 


H- 


^  ■ 


1 


•l!'' 


J^ 


deciujcl  liorsolf  hiippy  to  dio  in  bor  own  comitry  jiud  by  the  linnds  o 
I"  L-  kin.saion,  Jilcu  Ji>.siis  Christ  who  had  hooii  enicilii'd  by  liis  own  conn 
tryiiion. 

)ii  ')(  hui'  kiii-iiiiL'ii,  who  w.is  prosoiit,  had  tivo  years  previously  ^^ono 
tiJ  Siali  Saint  L  )iiis  to  iiidtico  Frauccss  to  I'otiirn  to  hor  own  canton  ;  and 
havin;^  tailud,  still  harboiMd  rosoutiui-nt.  Tho  words  just  nttorod  by  this 
forvent  Christian  roinod  iiitii  to  t'uiy.  Ho  sprang  on  thu  scallold,  toro  oil" 
the  crucilix  which  sho  woro  on  hor  uock,  and  with  a,  knifo  which  he  held 
in  his  hand,  ho  cut  a  cross  on  hor  broast.  "  Thoro,"  ho  criod,  "  is  the 
cross  you  love  so  much  and  which  provontod  your  leaving  tho  Sault, 
when  I  took  tho  pains  to  go  for  you."  "  Tliank  you,  brother,"  ropliud 
Fr.;ucos,  "  tho  cross  you  have  torn  from  me  I  might  lose  ;  but  you  give 
me  one  that  I  shall  not  lose  cvi^n  in  death." 

She  then  spoke  of  the  Mysteries  of  tho  Faith  with  an  unction  and  a 
power  far  above  the  capacity  of  an  Indian  woman.  "Fearful  as  the  tor- 
ments are  tcj  which  you  condemn  me,"  said  she  in  conclusion,  "  do  not 
tlimk  my  lot  one  to  bo  deplored.  It  is  your  own  that  calls  for  tears  and 
sobs  ;  this  lire  that  you  hivo  lighted  to  torture  mo  will  burn  but  a  few 
hoars  ;  but  another  lire  that  will  never  bo  extinguish(  ^.,  is  prepared  for 
you  in  hell.  Yet  it  is  in  your  power  to  avoid  it ;  follow  my  example,  Iks- 
0  >mc  Christians,  live  up  to  ihti  laws  of  that  holy  religion  and  you  will 
e'cape  tho  eternal  fiamos.  Moreover,  I  declare  that  I  wish  no  evil  to 
those  whom  I  behold  rea<iy  to  take  my  life.  Not  only  do  I  forgive  them 
my  death,  but  I  pray  tho  Supi'omo  Arbiter  (A  life  to  op^Mi  their  eyes 
to  the  trutli,  to  touch  their  heart,  and  grant  them  grace  to  be  converted 
and  die  in  the  sentiments  with  which  He  inspires  me." 

These  words  of  tho  holy  widow,  far  from  moving  the  savage  hearts, 
only  increased  their  rage.  Thoy  led  her  for  three  suceessive  days  through 
all  the  lodges,  to  make  hor  the  sport  of  a  brutal  mob.  On  the  fourth 
da^'  they  took  her  b.ick  to  her  stake,  and  bound  hor.  Tlioy  then  ap- 
plied to  all  parts  of  her  body  lighted  torches  and  gun  barrels  lieated  red 
hot.  This  Listed  several  hours  without  hor  uttering  the  least  cry.  Her 
eyes  were  tix.od  on  heaven,  and  one  would  have  said  she  suF;red  nothing. 
This  is  tho  testimony  given  by  the  Sieur  de  Saint  Michel,'  then  a  prisoner 
at  Onondaga,  but  who  escai^ed  some  time  after,  as  they  were  preparing  to 
burn  him  aiivo.  He  witnessed  aU  the  tortures  inllicted  on  Frances,  and 
on  arriving  at  Montre.il  gave  an  account,  which  drew  tears  from  tho 
wliole  town.  He  declareil  that  iie  had  been  unable  to  restrain  his  own, 
especially  when  the  courageous  martyr,  having  had  her  scalp  torn  off  and 

I  Aule,  11.  2VJ. 


UISTOUY  OF  NKW   FHANCE. 


301 


the  bloodiiiff  wknll  covcrc'il  witli  hot  hsIicm,  w;ih  imboniul  ;  fi)v  insfpiul  of 
rmiiiin^',  iw  others  do,  whom  this  tortiirinj^-  riiRhTH  t'raiitii',  .slic  Iciult 
down,  and  riiiMin:^'  liur  eyes  to  hoiiven,  offtirod  to  tho  Ahiiighty  tho  hist 
broiith  of  hfo  left  hor.  A  showur  of  stones  tliat  iiistiint  riiiu(!d  njjon  her 
consummating  her  sucrilice,  in  tho  very  act  of  prayer,  and  most  intimate 
union  with  God. 


MARGARET  GARANGOUAS, 

A  THiitD  victim  whom  me  mission  of  S;uilt  St.  Louis  sent  to  hoaveu, 
was  immolated  the  next  year  in  tlie  same  vilhige.  She  was  a  yonni^  ,\o- 
man  of  twenty-four,  named  ^largaret  Garangouas,  also  an  ()iii)i;da,i;'a, 
and  Ijaptized  at  the  ago  of  tliirtemi.  SIk;  niai-ried  soon  after,  and  God 
blessed  her  marriage  by  giving  her  four  ohildron  whom  she  brought  up 
in  piety.  Tho  youngest  was  still  at  thi;  breast,  and  actually  in  her  arms, 
when,  towards  tho  fall  of  IGt):!,  whihi  visiting  her  held,  a  (lua.ter  of  a 
league  from  tho  fort,  she  fell  into  the  hands  of  two  Indians  of  hav  canton 
who  led  her  to  Onondaga.  On  the  th'st  tidings  of  her  arrival,  all  poured 
out  of  the  village  to  await  tho  captive  on  a  knoll  which  she  had  to  pass. 
As  soon  as  she  appearcnl,  the  air  resounded  with  fearful  cries,  which 
awakened  only  gloomy  forebodings. 

No  sooner  had  she  reached  the  knoll,  than  she  was  surrounded  by  four 
hundred  Indians.  They  began  by  tearing  her  infant  from  her  arms,  the-n 
stripped  her  naked.  After  this,  numbers  rushed  upon  her,  slishing  her 
^vith  their  knives  till  her  body  was  nothing  but  one  wound,  and  tho  blood 
streamed  from  every  pore.  A  Frenchman  who  had  witnessed  this  pitia- 
ble sight,  considered  it  a  prodigy  that  she  did  not  expire  on  tho  spot. 
Margaret  perceived  this  man,  recognized  him,  and  addressing  him  by 
name,  said  :  "  You  soe  to  what  a  state  I  am  reduced.  I  have  only  a  few 
instants  to  live.  Thanks  bo  to  God,  I  fear  not  death,  and  horrible  as  that 
juay  !,e  now  prepared  for  mo,  my  sins  deserve  still  more.  IJcseoch  tho 
merciful  Jesus  to  pardon  mine  and  give  mo  strength  to  sutler." 

She  was  then  led  to  a  'abiu  where  a  Frenchwoman  from  ^loutreal  was 
a  prisoner  ;  the  latter  seized  the  tirst  moments  to  exhort  M;irgaret  to  en- 
dure with  constancy  a  temporary  torture  in  view  of  the  eternal  rewards 
that  would  follow  it.  Marga/et  thanked  her  for  tho  charitabU!  counsels 
which  she  gave  her,  and  repeated  what  slie  had  alreiuly  stided  to  tho 
other  French  prisoner.     She  added  thai  siiu'o  she  had  tl;e  happuiess  to 


.1 


1 ,1 
if 


a:  I  I 


!U)2 


HISTORY  OF  XKWFHNrR. 


J. 


!|■^      j: 
1^ 


I  'A 


Ti 


■J!  W 


'■•/ 
* 


III 


bo  baptized,  h1>o  hii'l  never  cpftsod  imploriiii.,' G.iil  for  the  >^\\n'o  to  sufT  r 
for  his  love;  tli;it  now  she  conM  not  (loa')t  Imt  tli;it  iiciivcn  had  heard  Iht 
^ows,  that  she  dicsd  hapjiy,  without  any  feeUni,'  of  roHontnient  a;,'ainst  lier 
kindred  and  conntrynion  now  transformed  into  oxeeutionerH  ;  that  'in  th" 
contrary  she  C(jnjiircd  tho  Ahuighty  to  enhghten  thorn  with  the  hght  of 
faith,  and  that  her  only  anxiety  was  for  the  salvation  c/f  her  sou. 

Tho  two  (.'aptive  women  were  still  eonversinj^  on  the  truths  of  Fiteinity 
nnd  tlu!  liappinoss  of  the  Saints  in  hoavon,  when  a  baud  of  Indians  ci.mi) 
to  load  ^largarot  to  a  spot  where  she  was  to  bo  biu'ned  alivo.  No  regard 
was  shown  to  her  youth,  her  sox,  or  her  bn-th,  although  who  was  tho 
daugliter  of  tho  ono  who  was  in  a  manner  chief  of  tho  village,  and  in  whom) 
narao  all  tho  affairs  of  the  nation  were  transacted.'  As  a  Chriatian  and 
inli.il)itant  of  Sault  Saint  Louis,  sho  was  too  gentlo  to  find  favor  with 
these  heathens.  She  was  accordingly  bound  to  the  stake  an  1  her  whole 
body  burned  with  an  inhumanity  that  could  have  b(!en  inspired,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  a  woman,  only  by  hatred  against  her  religion.  Sao 
euibu'od  this  long  and  rigorous  martyrdom  without  b(!traying  any  sign 
of  pain,  and  as  long  as  a  breath  of  life  remained  sho  was  hoard  invoking 
tho  holy  names  ;  Jesus,  Mnry,  Joseph. 

At  first  she  asked  from  time  to  time;  a  little  water  ;  but  she  soon  i-e- 
pented  this  weakness,  and  begged  them  to  refuse  her  if  she  asked  again.' 
"  My  Sanour,"  she  said,  "  sufteri'd  gi'oat  thirst  when  dying  ft)r  mo  on  th(3 
cross  ;  is  it  not  just  that  I  should  suffer  the  same  torment  for  Him  ?'' 
Her  executioners  burned  her  from  noon  to  sunset  ;  then,  impatient  to  seo 
her  expire  before  night  obliged  them  to  withdraw,  thoy  unbound  her 
from  tho  stake,  scalped  her,  covered  her  head  with  hot  cinders  and  bade 
her  run.  Sho  knelt  down,  however,  and  raising  her  hands  and  ey(>s  to 
heaven,  commended  her  soul  to  tho  L(n'd.  Although  struck  repeatedly 
with  a  club,  she  continued  to  pray.  At  last  one  of  these  savages,  crying: 
"  Will  not  this  dog  of  a  Christian  die  ?"  seized  a  lai'ge  knife  and  at- 
tempted to  plunge  it  into  her  belly,  but  tho  knife  broke  and  foil  in  pieces 
on  tho  ground.  Another  took  the  stake  to  which  she  had  been  bound 
and  beat  her  over  the  head.  As  sho  still  showed  some  signs  of  life,  she 
was  taken  up  and  thrown  on  a  heap  of  dry  wood;  this  was  set  on  tirc^  a^^d 
she  was  soon  consumed. 

Her  son  had  been  given  to  an  Iroquois,  who  wished  to  revenge  on  this 
little  creature  an  insult  which  ho  considered  himself  as  having  receiveil 
fi'om  the  French.     Three  days  after  the  mother's  death,  a  death-cry  was 


'  Evidently   tho  Atotarlio  or  Tedoilaho,   the  most  (liiriiifiid  of  all  tlie  hereditary 
sachems  of  the  League.     Mor^jjan,  League  of  the  h'o<iuoi8,  \>.  (31 


IllSTdliV  OK  NKW    FItANCE 


3();i 


lu'iu'd  lit  iiirflitfiill.  All  thi^  Iii.liiius  mil  to  tho  Hpot  from  wliicli  it  (viiu-, 
11.11(1  tlio  riviicliwoiiiiiii  from  .M  )iitrciil  willi  tlio  vi^M.  Tlicn,'  llicy  foniul  ■\ 
llro  kiiidli'd,  iiu.l  till)  b;ibi!  which  they  wuro  prci);iria.;  to  cast  into  tlui 
divmi-'s.  Tho  very  riuliiius  could  not  hut  \m  movuil  ;it  tho  si'^'ht  ;  hut  tlioy 
woro  still  laoro  so,  whoii  they  snw  ii  littlo  Iimocoiit,  only  ii  yoiir  old,  raiso 
its  hiiiids  to  hoavi'u  with  ;i  swuot  siuilo,  niid  tliriou  call  its  laothor,  show- 
ing- hy  its  j^osturos  tliat  it  sou'^ht  to  oiuhmco  hor.  Tho  Frouohwoiuiiii 
t'''lt  assured  that  its  mothor  lia<l  app.^aivid  to  it  ;  and  it  is  nioro  than 
])nil)al)!(!  tiiat  sIk;  had  h.s  )ii^'ht  tho  .Vlio.i'^hty  to  rostoro  it  to  hor  at  oncu 
in  order  to  socun'  its  otiTual  salvatii)u.  Bo  that  as  it  may,  thu  child  was 
not  j^'ivon  to  thu  tlamos.  Oiio  of  tin-  most  inlluontial  mon  iu  tho  village 
seized  it  by  thu  feet  and  dashed  its  liead  a^'aiust  a  stuue. 


V. 

STEPHEN  H00NH01TENT8I0NTA0UET. 

1  CONCLUDE  with  the  history  of  a  neophyte,  who,  after  eseapinj,'  tlu' 
stiiKo  which  was  prepared  for  him,  had  nevertheless  tho  happinev^  of 
j^iviii;^-  his  life,  not  to  be  exposed  to  tho  danger  of  losing  liis  faith.  ifo 
was  a  yijung  Mohawk,  named  Stephen  HoonhoUi.'ntsioiitaoiicl.  llr  w.u 
(•ai)lui'ed  by  one  of  his  own  nation,  who  took  him  to  hi^  cantou,  .Vs  iio 
had  many  relatives  his  life  was  spared,  and  ho  was  given  to  tho  people  ot 
Lis  own  lodge,  who  earnestly  porsuatled  him  to  follow  tho  customs  of 
the  nation,  that  is  to  say,  plunge  into  the  most  fearful  debauohory.  He 
nii^t  their  solicitations  with  the  truths  of  salvation,  which  ho  explained 
very  well,  and  never  ceased  exhorting  them  to  follow  him  to  Sault  Saint 
Louis,  ill  order  to  embnico  Christianity  there.  But  ho  spoko  to  people 
boru  and  bred  iu  vice,  which  they  had  made  too  alluring  a  habit,  to 
bring  themselves  to  renounce  it.  Hence  his  example  and  exhortations 
only  served  to  harden  their  hearts. 

When  he  saw  that  his  stay  at  Aguier  was  of  no  advantage  to  his  kindred, 
and  became  dangerous  even  to  his  own  salvation,  ho  resolved  to  return  to 
his  Miss'ou.  On  imparting  his  design  to  his  relatives,  they  consented  all 
the  more  willingly  as  his  departure  would  relieve  theiu  of  an  importunate 
censor,  whom  they  could  no  longer  enduro.  Ho  accordingly  for  the  sec- 
ond time  left  his  family  and  country,  to  put  his  religion  in  safety.  If 
Lad  scarcely  set  out,  before  the  news  of  his  departure  reached  a  In! 
where  some  young  men  were  on  a  debauch.     The  tidings  inflamed  thoir 


\. , 


"4 


tm 


301 


IIISTIJUV  OF  NKVV  fuan(;e. 


# 


'^    i 


h  f  ** 


l/i 


IioikIh  ;iii(l  c imidi'tcil  wliiit  rmu  \\;u\  lii'i^nm,  .Vl'lcr  many  invectives 
n;,';iiiist  the  CJIiristiiviiH,  thoy  oouclii  lod  that,  tliey  hUouUI  not  .siilVer  iiny 
one  tlms  to  prefer  tlieir  s)C'iety  to  tliat  of  the  I'eiil  [roqiiois  ;  tliiit  i'  w.isa 
Hhir  oil  tile  whole  nation,  uiul  tli at  Stepli.'ii  mast  hi;  coinjH.'lkHl  to  return 
to  the  viila^'e,  or  he  toimihawlied  if  he  refaned,  inoi'dor  to  intiniidato  any 
will)  nii;,'iit  ho  tuinpted  to  follow  bin  oxaniplo. 

Immediately  tiu'eo  j^avo  cliasi!  to  the  neophyte,  whom  thoy  soon  over- 
took, imd  approacluid,  tomahawk  in  Laiul.  "llotnico  yonr  wtepn,"  they 
ciiod,  "and  follow  us;  you  dio  if  you  roHist  ;  wo  havo  the  ordors  of  the 
Hachums  to  tomahawk  you."  Tiio  j^eiierous  Christian  nii;ekly  replied 
that  they  were  masters  of  his  life  ;  l)ut  that  ho  preferrod  losiiij,'  it  to 
riskinj^-  Ins  faith  and  his  salvation  ;  that  he  was  ;^oing  to  Sault  Saint  Louis, 
rosolvinl  to  (aid  his  days  tlu;vo,  if  ho  was  so  happy  as  to  reach  it.  As  he 
saw  that  after  this  distiiKit  statenicnt,  those  brutes  pr<>))ariMl  to  kill  him, 
bo  iK';^god  tlnan  to  give  him  a  few  moments  to  pray.  They  ^'ranted  his 
roqiiost,  and  tbo  holy  yoitug  man  kuoolinj^  down  tranquilly  (illored  iip  bis 
devotions.  He  tbanked  God  for  the  grac  j  bestowed  ou  bim  of  dying  a 
Christian  and  a  martvr  ;  bo  prayed  for  bis  infidel  relations,  and  especially 
for  those  wiio  now  turned  his  exeeutioiKirs,  and  who  that  very  instant  clove 
open  bis  bead.  Those  details  wei'o  learned  from  some  Mohawks,  who 
subsequently  camo  to  settle  at  Sault  Saint  Louis. 


HEROIC  ACTION  OF  A  CHRISTIAN  FAMILY. 

I  close  by  a  trait  well  adapted  to  sln)w  with  what  fervor  God  was 
served  by  tbe  Iroquois  of  Sault  Saint  Louis.  Paul,  one  of  tbe.se  In- 
dians, bad  u  daughter  who  passed  among  the  Indian.s  for  a  beauty  • 
bis  wife,  no  less  virtuous  than  himself,  begged  bim  to  join  her  in  ask- 
ing God  to  di'prive  their  ebild  of  an  advantage  wbich  might  imperil  her 
innocence.  Ho  consented  witb  joy  ;  they  joined  in  prayer  and  were 
beard.  A  cataract  formed  in  ono  of  their  daughter's  t^yes,  deforming 
ber  greatly.  She  soon  after  became  consumptive,  and  died  at  tbe  age  of 
seventeen,  iu  ber  mt)ther's  arms,  exborting  ber  witb  ber  last  breath  to 
persevere  in  tbo  faith.  Her  virtuous  parents,  deeming  ber  salvation 
assured  by  sucb  a  boly  deatb,  rendered  sincere  thanksgiving  to  God. 


IllSTOin   (»l-   NKW   KHANCB 


SOS 


k'cctivcs 
I'lT  iiiiy 

i'   WllHIl 

ri'tiirn 
ato  liny 


PARTICULARS  AS  TO  HOME  OTHER  MISSIONS. 

Tmt  Huron  MiHsioiiH,  ns  long  as  thoy  HubHiKtcd  ;  thd  Aboimqui  Mis- 
BioHH,  wbiuli  Htill  Hubsist ;  tho  MiHsiouH  iK^iiror  Qiiobuc,  sucb  iih  thost!  of 
Thrco  RivorH,  Syllori,  Lcrutto,  ivud  Tmlouasao,  biivo  not,  oxcopt  tho  lirst, 
bail  tbo  sumo  opportunity  as  tbo  Iro(iiioiH  Mission  of  Sault  Saint  Louis 
ami  tbo  Mountain  to  givd  martyrs  to  tbo  Cburcb  ;  but  bavn  fiiruisbud  no 
loss  examples  of  all  Cbcistiau  virtuos,  at  wbicb  tbo  Froucb,  daily  witnussoa 
of  tbu  fact,  wur<j  unweariuil  in  tlioir  admirations.  Dutaih  aro  found  in 
tbo  Letters  of  Motber  Miry  of  tbo  Incarnation,  tbe  trutb  of  wbieb  it 
cannot  Ijo  permitted  to  doubt  ;  and  1  cat.,  I  tbink,  assert  tbat  tbeso  os- 
tcemod  letters,  botb  by  tbo  manner  in  wbicb  tbcy  aro  written  and  by  tbo 
Spirit  of  Ood  wbicb  tboy  broatbo,  will  ha  an  eternal  monuiuout  of  tho 
fecundity  of  grace  in  barbarous  and  savai^e  boarts.  Tbus  wrote  tbat  il- 
lustrious foundress  to  iier  son  Dom  Clamle  Martin,  a  Bonodictino  monk 
of  tbe  congregation  of  St.  Maur,  in  August,  1(544.' 

"  You  ask  me,  moreover,  wbetber  our  Indians  aro  as  perfect  as  I  state 
in  my  letters.  I  will  toll  you  tbat  in  point  of  manners,  I  mean  their 
nn)de  of  acting  and  paying  compliments,  you  will  not  tind  Frencili  juiUte- 
nt'ss  ;  we  have  not  sought  to  teach  them  this,  but  to  impress  tirmly  .bo 
Commandments  of  God  and  of  the  Clmrcb  ;  tbo  Points  and  Mysteries  of 
our  Faith,  the  Prayers  and  Practices  of  our  religion,  such  as  tho  sign  of 
the  cross,  examination  of  couacionce,  and  like  actions  of  piety.  An  In- 
dian makes  bis  confession  as  well  as  a  religious  ;  ho  is  candid  to  tbo  \.> 
most,  and  makes  much  of  the  least  tritles.  When  they  fall  they  perform 
public  penance  with  admirable  humility.  Take  an  example.  Indiana 
have  no  other  drink  than  the  broth  of  tho  sagamity  kettle,  be  it  moat,  or 
Imlian  corn,  or  boiled  water,  or  pure  water.  When  tho  French  gave  thom 
a  taste  of  brandy,  they  found  it  so  to  their  taste,  tbat  they  prefer  it  tcj  all 
other  cheer  ;  but  tbe  mischief  is,  tbat  when  they  can  got  it,  they  ha"<3 
only  to  take  one  drink  to  become  madmen  and  frantic.  Tho  reason  is 
supposed  to  be  that  thoy  eat  only  fresh  things,  neither  knowing  nOr  using 
salt.  This  drink  generally  kills  them.  Our  Governor  has  a(;cordingly 
under  severe  penalty  forbid  giving  or  trading  any  to  thom.  Nevertheless 
when  tbe  ships  come  in  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  tho  sailors  selling 
them  some  secretly.  Old  Christian  Indians  and  their  families  do  not  fall 
into  these  excesses  ;  it  is  the  heathen  with  a  few  dissolute  young  men. 
Yet  this  year  it  happened  tbat  some  fell  into  this  fault,  and   to  punish  it 


'  Cliojs  de  LettrcH  llistoriqui'S,  p.  104. 


',  t. 


'^' i-ti; 


800 


HISTOIIV   u|-    N|.;\V  KUA.VCR 


i'l 


tln'  -tiiohoms,  witli  llic  Ilivcicii.l  Kitlur  Superior  of  thm  Mission,  con- 
«li';iiiii>l  tliciii  to  |)!iy  II  ^'I'cMt  iiiiiiiliiT  of  skim  for  tlic  (Icooriitioiis  of  tiin 
fli;ii>..'l,  and  moreover  to  puss  tlii'ec  days  wiUioiit  ciitvjriujj;  tlie  clmrch, 
nil  I  to  go  only  twieo  ii  day  to  olter  tlioir  jiniyors  iit  tlui  door,  iitteiidcd  liy 

the  innocent  in  onler  to  uid  tlienito  ohluin  mercy Otliers 

ra.'ilce  n  pulilic  deeliiriition  of  tlieir  hIiis  in  the  chnreii  of  thi^  Fri'iicli : 
otluTs  fiiHt  tiireu  (hiys  oil  Itreiid  and  water.  As  they  do  not  ofUnfall  iiit  i 
thusi!  oxoosHos,  this  kiiul  of  peiianco  is  vory  raro.  Still  it  is  with  In  liiii-i 
as  witli  the  Freneii  ;  there  are  more  and  tlioro  are  less  dov  )iit  ;  but  :j;en- 
erally  spcakiiii^  the  Indians  are  more  dovont  than  the  French;  and  for  this 
rovsoii  they  are  nikt-  minified  to;,'ether,  the  Imli.ins  i)i»in;f  put  into  a  sepa- 
riito  town,  for  four  of  thoir  imitating  the  manner  of  somti  Frenchmen. 
Not  tmt  that  the  latter  are  pretty  well  behaved  in  this  country  ;  but  lii- 
diiiis  uro  not  capable  of  French  liberty,  even  when  in  bounds. 

"  I  cannot  toll  you  all  that  I  know  of  tho  fervor  of  those  now  plants  : 
although  wo  aro  perceptibly  touched  by  it,  wo  boj^iu  to  lose  our  astonish- 
ment, .so  accustomed  aro  wo  to  witness  it ;  but  Fronohiaen  just  arrived, 
\\.\ )  had  seen  nothing  of  tho  kind  in  Franco,  weep  for  joy  to  behold 
w  lives  transformod  into  lambs,  and  wild  boasts  into  childrou  of  (I  )d. 
Tao  Chief  of  tho  Sylleri  Indians,  bofoi'o  sotting  out  for  tho  war  against 
tlio  Irixiuois,  caiuo  to  mo  ami  said  :  '  Mother!  I  como  to  seo  you,  to  toll 
y.)U  tliat  Wo  aro  going  to  moot  the  enemy  :  it  tliey  kill  us  it  m.atters  not, 
indood  it  is  long  since  thoy  began  to  do  so,  aud  even  take  and  kill  tho 
FiMiicU,  our  friends,  with  those  who  instruct  us.  Wo  go  to  war  not 
bsuusij  they  kill  us  but  because  thoy  kill  our  friends.  Pray  for  us  ;  for 
we  have  olfinided  God,  and  therefore  Ho  chastises  us.  Tho  young 
in  n  especially  do  not  behave  well.  I  toll  them;  You  ofTei- 1  God,  and 
Ho  puni.shes  us  ;  amend  your  lives  and  Ho  will  bo  appease  \.  Such  a 
o.ie,'  naming  him,  '  has  again  committed  a  serious  fault  for  which  I 
wisliod  to  expel  him  from  among  us  ;  but  tho  Faiaisr  Superior  told 
me  :  Wait  till  spring  and  he  will  reform.  Tho  Fatlior  is  too  good  to 
h.ivi;  waited  SO  long  ;  Spring  is  past  ;iud  he  has  not  reformed.  lie 
draws  the  devil  amtJiig  us,  aud  that  is  the  source  of  all  our  misfor- 
tunes. Tray  then  for  us,  all  of  you  ;  for  wo  know  not  what  will  bo- 
cjme  of  us  on  account  of  our  offences.' 

"  In  a  pul)lic  harangue  made  in  tho  churcli,  in  which  Rev.  Father  lo 
Qiiieiii  had  rebuked  the  young  men,  this  chief  raised  his  voice  aud 
made  a  public  and  general  confession  of  all  tho  faults  that  ho  had  com- 

'  Father  John  de  Quen.    Ante  ii., 


i/t 


IIISTOUV  OK  M:\V  IIIVNCE 


807 


luillcd  from  tho  ftf,'''  "'  hovoii  ycarH,  when  ho  hcfiitno  •»  ('lirintiaii,  iidil- 
iiig  :  '  It  iH  I,  l)i'ctlii'i'n,  wlio  ilniw  down  idl  llirwd  iiiiscrics  tlmt  liffiill  iis  ; 
you  Ht'O  it  l)y  wlmt  I  liiivu  jiiHt  iiiiidc  kiKtwii  of  my  iiilldrlity  to  (linl's 
graces,  oitico  I  became  Hm  child  ;  hut  Ho  is  ^'ood  ;  tiiku  heart,  do  ikpI 
deHpuir  ;  if  we  Hcrve  Hiii ,  Ho  will  nhow  us  mercy.' 

"  An  ludiiiu  womiui  siiid  iit  oiu' lultioo  :  'dod  iloes  mo  iiiiiuy  fiivorn  ; 
formerly  flie  deiith  of  my  ciuldri'U  ho  iiiUieted  me,  thiit  notliiu>(  in  tiio 
world  could  console  me  ;  now  my  mind  is  so  convinced  of  (lod's  wisdoiii 
iind  j^'oodiU'ss,  tiiiit  hIioiiM  Ho  deprive  me  of  tlicm  nil,  I  should  not  I'cil 
Hiiil;  for  I  think  in  myself,  if  ii  lonyer  life  were  iioeessiiry  for  my  child  tiio 
better  to  work  out  its  Hiilvntioii,  Ho  who  mndo  nil,  would  not,  rchise  it, 
since  Ho  is  HO  good  and  n.itliiug  is  impossible  to  Him:  now  thiit  Ilo 
Hunuuons  it  to  Himself,  we  must  siiy,  since  Ho  kiu)ws  nil,  tliat  H(t  per- 
haps sees  that  it  would  ceases  to  believe  in  Him,  luid  commit  sins  wiiich 
would  plun^'e  it  into  hell.  In  this  tliouf^dit  I  siiy  to  Him:  '  I)i,spos(-  of 
mo, Thou  who  hast  made  all,  and  of  my  eliildren.  ShoiiUlsl  'I'iiou  try  nn^ 
in  all  possible  manners,  yet  will  I  nvwv  (;ease  to  Iji'lieve  in  Thee,  or  lovo 
and  obey  Thee,  for  I  will  all  that  Tiioii  wilt.'  Tiien  I  say  to  my  childreu 
whom  I  see  die  :  '  Go,  my  child;  g.),  beh  )ld  in  licaven  Him  who  made  all 
when  you  are  there,  pray  to  Him  for  me,  that  I  too  nniy  <^l^  thither  when 
I  die.  I  vv-ill  olVer  up  prayers  for  your  soul,  that  you  may  soon  leave  pur- 
gatory.' This  same  woman,  Louisa,  one  day  came  to  mi-  to  recite  a 
long  prayer  that  she  had  composed  for  the  warriors.  It  was  conceived  in 
such  touel'-ng  terms,  that  my  heart  was  melted,  (iod  .se<'nis  to<leli;,'lit  in 
trying  her  faith,  depriving  her  uf  all  her  eiiiUiren  one  after  iinolher  sinco 
her  baptism. 

"  You  tec  by  tho  little  that  I  have  said,  tins  sentiments  of  our  good 
Christians.  Their  conseieuccs  are  so  tender,  that  a  young  man  and  wo- 
man having  this  year  taken  their  child  on  their  hunt,  it  died  in  the  woods 
in  their  arms.  They  had  so  gixat  a  iear  of  displeasing  (iod  by  burying 
it  in  unconseerated  earth,  that  for  three  or  foia-  months,  the  mother  al- 
ways carried  it  around  her  neck  over  precipices,  rocks,  through  woods, 
snow  and  ice  with  untold  hardship.  They  came  here  for  Easter,  and  in- 
terred their  child,  which  they  presented  wrapped  up  in  a  skin." 

"  It  is  ravishing,"  says  she  in  another  letter  to  ihe  same,  September  10, 
IG'IG,'  "  to  see  our  good  SyUeri  Indians,  and  the  great  care  they  tala;  tkat 
God  be  properly  served  in  their  town  ;  that  the  laws  of  the  Church  \k, 
inviolably  kept  and  faults  punished  so  as  to  appease  (lo,l.  One  of  tho 
great  auyieties  of  the  chiefs  is  to  banish  all  that  can  occasion  sin  In  general 

I  (.'lioix  dc  Li'ttrcH  IliKtoriqiRS,  \i.  140. 


308 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


h 


I 

i 


or  in  particular.  Ton  cannot  visit  the  chapel  without  finding  some  In- 
dian at  prayer  with  so  much  devotion  that  it  is  a  ravishing  sight.  If 
any  one  is  found  who  belies  his  faith  or  Christian  morals,  he  withdraws 
into  self  exile,  well  aware  that,  wilUng  or  unwilling,  he  must  do  penance  or 
be  shamefully  expelled  from  the  town.  Some  days  ago  a  young  man  had 
a  disagreement  with  his  wife ;  they  were  brought  before  the  chiefs,  who 
condemned  the  man  to  be  put  in  irons  in  a  cellar  of  the  fort,  there  to  fast 
three  days  on  bread  and  water  ;  and  the  woman  was  condemned  to  the 
same  punishment,  which  was  executed  in  our  monastery.  These  poor 
people  performed  their  penance  with  so  much  devotion,  that  I  believe 
their  fault  was  remitted  the  moment  the  sentence  was  pronounced.  The 
woman  would  not  have  even  a  handful  of  straw  under  her  ;  '  for,  said 
she,  'I  wish  to  pay  God,  whom  I  have  offended.'" 


5-i-i 


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DIRECTIONS  TO  THE  BINDER. 


Portrait  of  Mgr.  Laval,  first  Bishop  of  Quebec  (to  face  title). 

rAQE 

Map  of  the  Eastern  Part  ok  New  France,  ok  Canada 9 

Medal  struck  by  Louis  XIV.  on  the  Victory  at  Quebec 1 90 

Fac-similes..  of  Canadian  Officers 211